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本文内容

  • 摘要
  • 摘要
  • 引言
  • 研究方案
  • 结果
  • 讨论
  • 披露声明
  • 致谢
  • 材料
  • 参考文献
  • 转载和许可

摘要

在这里,我们描述了一种改进的关节镜辅助 Remplissage 和开放式 Eden-Hybinette 手术技术,用于 Latarjet 和束外 Hill-Sachs 病变失败的患者。

摘要

本病例报告描述了一名 49 岁的前半职业柔道运动员,在 2006 年首次脱臼后患有复发性右肩不稳定。由于锚定位不当,他接受了两次关节镜 Bankart 修复手术,但均未成功。2020 年 3 月,进行了开放式 Latarjet 手术以解决他持续的不稳定问题,但他在 2023 年 1 月跌倒后再次脱臼。体格检查显示活动范围完整,肩袖力量正常,恐惧试验阳性。X 线片显示喙突骨阻滞骨折、螺钉移位和明显的 Hill-Sachs 病变。CT 证实了先前喙突移植物的吸收和偏离轨道的 Hill-Sachs 病变。患者接受了翻修手术,将关节镜辅助 Remplissage 与 Eden-Hybinette 手术相结合。术后 1 年,患者报告结局改善。手术失败后管理复发性肩关节不稳定具有挑战性。虽然 Latarjet 手术的复发率为 10%,但胫骨远端同种异体移植术和 Eden-Hybinette 手术等翻修方案提供了有希望的结果。本病例强调了联合手术方法和个体化治疗计划的重要性,特别是对于肱骨骨量严重流失的患者,以增强稳定性并减少复发性不稳定。

引言

复发性肩关节不稳定是一种要求很高的疾病,尤其是对于既往接受过手术干预的患者 1,2,3。开发了 Bankart 修复、囊缝合术、Remplissage 等软组织手术,以及 Eden-Hybinette4、Trillat5、Bristow6 和 Latarjet 手术 7,8,9,10骨手术。然而,仍有报道称 Latarjet 手术失败,需要替代翻修手术策略11,12。本案例研究描述了一名 Latarjet 手术失败的患者,使用关节镜辅助 Remplissage 和开放式 Eden-Hybinette 手术进行治疗。目的是探索这种联合方法的手术技术、基本原理和结果的详细信息。

案例介绍
一名 49 岁男性,曾是一名半职业柔道运动员,ISI 评分为13 10 分(满分 5 分),在 2006 年在楼梯上跌倒后首次脱臼后出现复发性右肩不稳定。他在 2006 年和 2007 年接受了两次失败的关节镜 Bankart 修复术,锚点位置不完美。由于病情未解决,他于 2020 年 3 月接受了开放式 Latarjet 手术。 图 1 展示了 Latarjet 手术后的术前和术后 X 光片。2023 年 1 月,患者再次从多个楼梯上跌落,导致右肩再次脱臼。

诊断、评估和计划
他回到我们的门诊进行随访。在体格检查期间,他表现出完整的肩关节活动度 (ROM),肩袖力量正常,并且没有肩胛骨运动障碍或过度松弛的迹象;所有神经血管检查均在正常范围内。恐惧试验阳性,沟征为 1 级。X 光片显示喙突骨块断裂,腋窝袋周围的螺钉移位,以及一个巨大的 Hill-Sachs 病变 (HSL)(图 2A,B)。计算机断层扫描 (CT) 成像证实了他们对先前喙突移植物的吸收和偏离轨道的 HSL,因为 HSL 的大小为 44.5 个单位,大于 43.4 个单位的关节盂束(图 2C,D)。由于反复的阳性担忧,患者接受了翻修手术,其中包括关节镜辅助的 Remplissage 手术14 以解决 HSL 和开腹 Eden-Hybinette 手术4 与自体髂嵴移植术,用两个空心螺钉固定。去除了以前手术中松动的螺丝。

研究方案

本研究经我院伦理委员会批准,并获得患者的知情同意。

  1. 在全身麻醉和肌间沟神经阻滞下,将患者置于沙滩椅位置,并带有手臂支架。
  2. 用 11 号刀片创建后、后外侧、前外侧和前外侧门户(图 3A)。
  3. 使用 4 mm、30 度角的关节镜进行彻底的关节镜检查,以确定从前门开始的 Hill-Sachs 病变的位置。
  4. 用 5.5 毫米剃须刀片清洁肩峰下滑囊。将关节镜穿过前外侧门,以评估关节内 Hill-Sachs 病变的大小(图 3B)。
  5. 清创暴露的肱骨近端骨床(图 3C)。
  6. 在 Hill-Sachs 病变的最深处插入全缝合 Y 结 RC 锚(图 3D)。
  7. 用鸟喙缝合线穿过者刺穿冈下肌腱的肌腱交界处,制作三条床垫缝合线(图 3E)。
    注意:在开放式 Eden-Hybinette 程序完成之前不要打结(图 3F)。
  8. 对于开放式 Eden-Hybinette 手术,沿先前的伤口进行三角胸入路。
    1. 通过三角胸间隔定义肩胛下肌,并劈开肩胛下肌肌腱交界处的下三分之一。
    2. 垂直切开胶囊并露出前关节盂。
    3. 移除之前松动的螺丝(图 4A)。
    4. 使用毛刺在前关节盂上创建一个平坦的出血表面,用于移植物放置。
    5. 从 5 cm 切口收获 3 cm x 1 cm x 1.5 cm 三皮质髂嵴自体移植物(图 4B,C
    6. 用两个 4.5 毫米空心螺钉固定三皮质髂嵴自体移植物(图 4D)。
    7. 在关节镜检查下确认移植物与盂肱关节线齐平(图 4G)。
  9. 开放手术后,打 Remplissage 结。
  10. 将关节镜引入盂肱关节以确认 Hill-Sachs 病变的填充(图 3H)。
  11. 确保三皮质髂嵴骨移植物与前关节盂齐平(图 3H)。

2. 康复

  1. 在最初的 2-3 周内,用吊带固定手术臂。
  2. 指导患者逐渐恢复活动,只要活动不会引发疼痛。
  3. 从术后第一天开始,对患者进行家庭自我康复练习,然后按照运动医生设计的方案进行15.
  4. 手术后 3 个月允许经验丰富的物理治疗师恢复运动和力量锻炼。

结果

术后 1 年,患者报告的结局显示显着改善。牛津肩关节不稳定评分从 26 分提高到 54 分,QuickDASH 评分从 63.6 分下降到 11.4 分,WOSI 评分从 78.4 分下降到 15.1 分。术后一年的 X 光片显示骨移植物完全结合,没有骨溶解的证据(图 5A)。术后 12 个月进行计算机断层扫描,以评估移植物和宿主骨之间的骨结合(图5B)。

讨论

Latarjet 手术失败后的决策
大量研究证实了 Latarjet 手术治疗复发性前肩关节不稳定的疗效16。尽管成功率普遍很高,但手术后仍有可能反复出现不稳定 17,18,19。先前的研究报告复发率和再手术率约为 10%20,21,22。

披露声明

作者没有需要声明的利益冲突。

致谢

作者衷心感谢台湾科学技术部长和林口长庚纪念医院对本研究的财政支持(赠款:MOST 111-2628-B-182A-016、NSTC112-2628-B-182A-002、CMRPG5K0092、CMRPG3M2032、CMRPG5K021、SMRPG3N0011)

材料

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
4 mm, 30°-angled arthroscope Stryker Endoscopy, Michigan, USAFor arthroscopic visualization
4.5 mm cannulated screws Synthes, SwitzerlandFor graft fixation
5.5 mm shaver blades, DyonicsSmith & Nephew, Andover, MAFor arthroscopic debridement
Y-Knot RC all-suture anchor ConMed Linvatec, Largo, FLTriple-loaded all suture anchors. Increase the repair area of Remplissage procedure

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