13.12 : 扩散和灌注的评估

An essential part of respiration is the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream and the perfusion of oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

Diffusion is how oxygen and carbon dioxide move through cell membranes from high to low concentration.

Perfusion is the process of circulating blood through the tissues and organs of the body to provide oxygen and nutrients to the cells.

Next, oxygen saturation is the amount of oxygen taken in by red blood cells. It can be measured with arterial blood samples or by obtaining pulse oximetry readings.

The readings are crucial in assessing the patient's arterial oxygen saturation level, which typically falls within the 95 to 100 percent range.

Additionally, capnography is another method to measure arterial oxygen saturation by analyzing exhaled carbon dioxide using a capnometer.

It can be used to monitor the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR and detect changes in ventilation.

It is usually depicted as a waveform graph with a numerical value. The graph includes an inspiration and expiration phase.