This research was supported by the FP7 European Research Council Grant 281501, ENGVASC.

<ol>
	<li>Engelsman, A. F., van der Mei, H. C., Ploeg, R. J., Busscher, H. 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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

組織工学の進歩は、様々な組織タイプの再構築のための代替組織の需要を満たしています。 1,17,18合成および生物学的材料14-16ならびに製作方法の様々なこれらの要求に対処する能力について評価されています。しかし、臨床ケアにおけるおよび組織工学の進歩にもかかわらず、全層腹壁欠損の回復が課題です。そのような大規模な欠陥の再構成のための十分な組織が ​​厚?...

腹壁の欠陥は、多くの場合、重篤な外傷、癌治療、火傷、感染したメッシュを除去した後に発生します。これらの欠陥は、多くの場合、複雑な外科的処置を必要とし、プラスチック再建外科医1-4のための主要な課題を提示し、重大な組織損失を伴います。人工組織のための新しいソースを求めている組織工学の研究者は、異なる材料、細胞源と成長因子が検討されています。設計組織の移植によるこのような気管5,6、膀胱7、角膜8、骨9と皮膚10などの様々な組織の成功した修復は、以前に報告されました。しかし、太い血管が新生組織工学の製造は、特に大きな欠陥の再構築のために、組織工学における重要な課題です。 生存可能な組織構築物の厚さを制限する主な要因の一つは、その短所への酸素供給の制御でありますtituent細胞。拡散に依存する場合には、厚みが非常に薄い層に限定されている構築物。 生体内で酸素や栄養供給の毛細血管の間の最大距離は約200μmで、酸素11,12の拡散限界と相関するです。不十分な血管新生は、組織虚血が生じ、組織の再吸収または壊死13にエスカレートすることができます。 また、組織の再構築に使用する理想的な材料は、生体適合性および非免疫原性である必要があります。また、生体材料による宿主細胞のさらなる統合を促進し、構造的完全性を維持することができなければなりません。様々な生物学的14-16および合成1,17,18行列は、以前に組織の再構築のために検討されている、しかし、彼らの使用は、効果的な血液供給、感染または不十分な組織強度の不足に限定されたまま。 本研究では、生体適合性、細胞EMB食品医薬品局（FDA）承認のポリL-乳酸（PLLA）/乳酸 - コ - グリコール酸（PLGA）、ポリで構成edded足場はヌードマウスの大腿動脈と静脈（AV）船の周りに移植したと唯一のAV血管から血管新生を確保し、周囲の組織から分離します。一週間移植後、移植片は、実行可能な厚さであり、十分に血管新生しました。 AV船でこの太い血管組織は、その後、同じマウスに腹部全層欠損に有茎フラップとして移しました。一週間後の転送、フラップは、実行可能な血管新生し、よく腹部内臓をサポートするために十分な強度をもつ、周囲の組織に統合されました。このように、自己の椎弓根ベアリング設計厚く、血管組織のフラップは、全層腹壁欠損を修復するための新規な方法を提供します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>small fine straight scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td>14090-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>spring scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td>15003-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>straight forceps with fine tip</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td>11251-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>serrated forceps&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td>11050-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>needle holder</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td>12500-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Small vessel cauterizer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td>18000-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Duratears</td><td>Alcon</td><td>5686</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sedaxylan</td><td>Euravet</td><td>DJ03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Clorketam 1000</td><td>Vetoquinol</td><td>4A0726B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenorphine</td><td>vetmarket</td><td>B15100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-0 silk sutures</td><td>Assut sutures</td><td>647</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 polypropylene sutures</td><td>Assut sutures</td><td>9351F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8-0 silk sutures</td><td>Assut sutures</td><td>684568</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin syringe (6 mm needle)</td><td>BD</td><td>324911</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vevo 2100 high-resolution ultrasound system</td><td>VisualSonics inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MS250 non-linear transducer</td><td>VisualSonics inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micromarker non-targeted contrast agent</td><td>VisualSonics inc.</td><td>VS-11694</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tail vein catheter</td><td>VisualSonics inc.</td><td>VS-11912</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vevo 2100 software</td><td>VisualSonics inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran</td><td>Sigma</td><td>FD500S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks, MA, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kimwipes</td><td>Kimtech</td><td>34120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>antigen unmasking solution</td><td>Vector laboratories</td><td>H-3300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-CD31 antibody</td><td>Abcam&amp;nbsp;</td><td>ab28364</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>biotinylated goat anti-rabbit (secondary) antibody</td><td>Vector laboratories</td><td>BA-1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>streptavidin-peroxidase</td><td>Jackson&amp;nbsp;</td><td>016-030-084</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mayer&#039;s hamatoxylin solution</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>MHS-16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>aminoethylcarbazole (AEC) substrate kit</td><td>Life technologies, Invitrogen&amp;nbsp;</td><td>00-2007</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vectamount</td><td>Vector laboratories</td><td>H-5501</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

engineered vascularized muscle flap

One of the main factors limiting the thickness of a tissue construct and its consequential viability and applicability in vivo, is the control of oxygen supply to the cell microenvironment, as passive diffusion is limited to a very thin layer. Although various materials have been described to restore the integrity of full-thickness defects of the abdominal wall, no material has yet proved to be optimal, due to low graft vascularization, tissue rejection, infection, or inadequate mechanical properties. This protocol describes a means of engineering a fully vascularized flap, with a thickness relevant for muscle tissue reconstruction. Cell-embedded poly L-lactic acid/poly lactic-co-glycolic acid constructs are implanted around the mouse femoral artery and vein and maintained in vivo for a period of one or two weeks. The vascularized graft is then transferred as a flap towards a full thickness defect made in the abdomen. This technique replaces the need for autologous tissue sacrifications and may enable the use of in vitro engineered vascularized flaps in many surgical applications.

in vivoでの移植片血管新生及び灌流移植片は、従来の軸方向のフラップとしての転送に1〜2週間移植しました。 1と2週間後、移植では、移植領域の総観察は、生存および血管組織移植片を明らかにしました。これらの移植片は、FITCデキストランの尾静脈注射及び超音波測定によって証明されるように、免疫染色陽性のCD31（ 図1A）によって決定されるよ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap at JoVE.com

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap

To date, thick tissue defects are typically reconstructed by applying autologous tissue flaps or engineered tissues. In this protocol, we present a new method for engineering vascularized tissue flap bearing an autologous pedicle, to serve as a substitute to autologous flaps.

操作された血管柄マッスルフラップ

One of the main factors limiting the thickness of a tissue construct and its consequential viability and applicability in vivo, is the control of oxygen ...

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

8.2K ビュー.  Kaplan Medical Center. To date, thick tissue defects are typically reconstructed by applying autologous tissue flaps or engineered tissues. In this protocol, we present a new method for engineering vascularized tissue flap bearing an autologous pedicle, to serve as a substitute to autologous flaps. 

ビデオ: Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. The current protocol presents an efficient and reproducible strategy in which functional tissue engineered vessel grafts can be generated using partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) from human fibroblasts. We designed a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor, which closely mimics the matrix protein structure and blood flow that exists within a native vessel, for seeding of PiPSC-endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells prior to grafting into mice. This approach was demonstrated to be advantageous because immune-deficient mice engrafted with the PiPSC-derived grafts presented with markedly increased survival rate 3 weeks after surgery. This protocol represents a valuable tool for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and potentially patient-specific cell-therapy in the near future.

Here, we present a protocol to generate tissue engineered vessel grafts that are functional for grafting into mice by double seeding partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) - derived smooth muscle cells and PiPSC - derived endothelial cells on a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor.

マウスモデルにおける組織工学血管の生成とグラフト

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

生物工学

Engineered 3D Silk-collagen-based Model of Polarized Neural Tissue

Despite huge efforts to decipher the anatomy, composition and function of the brain, it remains the least understood organ of the human body. To gain a deeper comprehension of the neural system scientists aim to simplistically reconstruct the tissue by assembling it in vitro from basic building blocks using a tissue engineering approach. Our group developed a tissue-engineered silk and collagen-based 3D brain-like model resembling the white and gray matter of the cortex. The model consists of silk porous sponge, which is pre-seeded with rat brain-derived neurons, immersed in soft collagen matrix. Polarized neuronal outgrowth and network formation is observed with separate axonal and cell body localization. This compartmental architecture allows for the unique development of niches mimicking native neural tissue, thus enabling research on neuronal network assembly, axonal guidance, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and electrical functions.

Insight into the complex actions of the brain requires advanced research tools. Here we demonstrate a novel silk-collagen-based 3D engineered model of neural tissue resembling brain-like architecture. The model can be used to study neuronal network assembly, axonal guidance, cell-cell interactions and electrical activity.

偏神経組織のエンジニア3Dシルクコラーゲンベースモデル

Despite huge efforts to decipher the anatomy, composition and function of the brain, it remains the least understood organ of the human body. To gain a ...

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

In reconstructive surgery, there is a clinical need for an alternative to the current methods of autologous reconstruction which are complex, costly and trade one defect for another. Tissue engineering holds the promise to address this increasing demand. However, most tissue engineering strategies fail to generate stable and functional tissue substitutes because of poor vascularization. This paper focuses on an in vivo tissue engineering chamber model of intrinsic vascularization where a perfused artery and a vein either as an arteriovenous loop or a flow-through pedicle configuration is directed inside a protected hollow chamber. In this chamber-based system angiogenic sprouting occurs from the arteriovenous vessels and this system attracts ischemic and inflammatory driven endogenous cell migration which gradually fills the chamber space with fibro-vascular tissue. Exogenous cell/matrix implantation at the time of chamber construction enhances cell survival and determines specificity of the engineered tissues which develop. Our studies have shown that this chamber model can successfully generate different tissues such as fat, cardiac muscle, liver and others. However, modifications and refinements are required to ensure target tissue formation is consistent and reproducible. This article describes a standardized protocol for the fabrication of two different vascularized tissue engineering chamber models in vivo.

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

This is a guideline for constructing in vivo vascularized tissue using a microsurgical arteriovenous loop or a flow-through pedicle configuration inside a tissue engineering chamber. The vascularized tissues generated can be employed for organ regeneration and replacement of tissue defects, as well as for drug testing and disease modeling.

中に組み込み血管新生による組織工学<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;ティッシュ・エンジニアリング商工会議所

In reconstructive surgery, there is a clinical need for an alternative to the current methods of autologous reconstruction which are complex, costly and ...

Applications of In Vivo Functional Testing of the Rat Tibialis Anterior for Evaluating Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

Despite the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, permanent functional and/or cosmetic deficits (e.g., volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from traumatic injury, disease and various congenital, genetic and acquired conditions are quite common. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technologies have enormous potential to provide a therapeutic solution. However, utilization of biologically relevant animal models in combination with longitudinal assessments of pertinent functional measures are critical to the development of improved regenerative therapeutics for treatment of VML-like injuries. In that regard, a commercial muscle lever system can be used to measure length, tension, force and velocity parameters in skeletal muscle. We used this system, in conjunction with a high power, bi-phase stimulator, to measure in vivo force production in response to activation of the anterior crural compartment of the rat hindlimb. We have previously used this equipment to assess the functional impact of VML injury on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, as well as the extent of functional recovery following treatment of the injured TA muscle with our tissue engineered muscle repair (TEMR) technology. For such studies, the left foot of an anaesthetized rat is securely anchored to a footplate linked to a servomotor, and the common peroneal nerve is stimulated by two percutaneous needle electrodes to elicit muscle contraction and dorsiflexion of the foot. The peroneal nerve stimulation-induced muscle contraction is measured over a range of stimulation frequencies (1-200 Hz), to ensure an eventual plateau in force production that allows for an accurate determination of peak tetanic force. In addition to evaluation of the extent of VML injury as well as the degree of functional recovery following treatment, this methodology can be easily applied to study diverse aspects of muscle physiology and pathophysiology. Such an approach should assist with the more rational development of improved therapeutics for muscle repair and regeneration.

Applications of In Vivo Functional Testing of the Rat Tibialis Anterior for Evaluating Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

We describe an in vivo protocol to measure dorsiflexion of the foot following stimulation of the peroneal nerve and contraction of the anterior crural compartment of the rat hindlimb. Such measurements are an indispensable translational tool for evaluating skeletal muscle pathology and tissue engineering approaches to muscle repair and regeneration.

の応用<em&gt;インビボ</em組織工学骨格筋の修復を評価するためのラット前脛骨の&gt;機能テスト

Despite the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, permanent functional and/or cosmetic deficits (e.g., volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from ...

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects resulting from tumor extirpation, trauma, infections, malformations or burns. Free flaps are particularly useful for reconstructing highly complex anatomical regions, like those of the head and neck, the hand, the foot and the perineum. Moreover, basic and translational research in the area of free tissue transfer is of great clinical potential. Notwithstanding, surgical trainees and researchers are frequently deterred from using microsurgical models of tissue transfer, due to lack of information regarding the technical aspects involved in the operative procedures. The aim of this paper is to present the steps required to transfer a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap to the neck in the rat.
This flap is based on the superficial epigastric artery and vein, which originates from and drain into the femoral artery and vein, respectively. On average the caliber of the superficial epigastric vein is 0.6 to 0.8 mm, contrasting with the 0.3 to 0.5 mm of the superficial epigastric artery. Histologically, the flap is a composite block of tissues, containing skin (epidermis and dermis), a layer of fat tissue (panniculus adiposus), a layer of striated muscle (panniculus carnosus), and a layer of loose areolar tissue.
Succinctly, the epigastric flap is raised on its pedicle vessels that are then anastomosed to the external jugular vein and to the carotid artery on the ventral surface of the rat's neck. According to our experience, this model guarantees the complete survival of approximately 70 to 80% of epigastric flaps transferred to the neck region. The flap can be evaluated whenever needed by visual inspection. Hence, the authors believe this is a good experimental model for microsurgical research and training.

This paper describes the steps required to raise a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap and transfer it to the neck in the rat.

無料組織転送のモデル：ラット心窩部無料フラップ

Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects ...

医学

A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies

Vascularized Composite Allografts (VCA) such as hand, face, or penile transplant represents the cutting-edge treatment for devastating skin defects, failed by the first steps of the reconstructive ladder. Despite promising aesthetic and functional outcomes, the main limiting factor remains the need for a drastically applied lifelong immunosuppression and its well-known medical risks, preventing broader indications. Therefore, lifting the immune barrier in VCA is essential to tip the ethical scale and improve patients&#39; quality of life using the most advanced surgical techniques. De novo creation of a patient-specific graft is the upcoming breakthrough in reconstructive transplantation. Using tissue engineering techniques, VCAs can be freed of donor cells and customized for the recipient through perfusion-decellularization-recellularization. To develop these new technologies, a large-scale animal VCA model is necessary. Hence, swine fascio-cutaneous flaps, composed of skin, fat, fascia, and vessels, represent an ideal model for preliminary studies in VCA. Nevertheless, most VCA models described in the literature include muscle and bone. This work reports&#160;a reliable and reproducible technique for saphenous fascio-cutaneous flap harvest in swine, a practical tool for various research fields, especially vascularized composite tissue engineering.

The present protocol describes the porcine fascio-cutaneous flap model and its potential use in vascularized composite tissue research.

血管化複合同種移植片バイオエンジニアリング研究のための信頼性の高いブタ筋膜皮膚フラップモデル

Vascularized Composite Allografts (VCA) such as hand, face, or penile transplant represents the cutting-edge treatment for devastating skin defects, ...

Fabrication of Engineered Vascular Flaps Using 3D Printing Technologies

Engineering implantable, functional, thick tissues requires designing a hierarchical vascular network. 3D bioprinting is a technology used to create tissues by adding layer upon layer of printable biomaterials, termed bioinks, and cells in an orderly and automatic manner, which allows for creating highly intricate structures that traditional tissue engineering techniques cannot achieve. Thus, 3D bioprinting is an appealing in vitro approach to mimic the native vasculature complex structure, ranging from millimetric vessels to microvascular networks. 
Advances in 3D bioprinting in granular hydrogels enabled the high-resolution extrusion of low-viscosity extracellular matrix-based bioinks. This work presents a combined 3D bioprinting and sacrificial mold-based 3D printing approach for fabricating engineered vascularized tissue flaps. 3D bioprinting of endothelial and support cells using recombinant collagen-methacrylate bioink within a gelatin support bath is utilized for the fabrication of a self-assembled capillary network. This printed microvasculature is assembled around a mesoscale vessel-like porous scaffold, fabricated using a sacrificial 3D printed mold, and is seeded with endothelial cells. 
This assembly induces the endothelium of the mesoscale vessel to anastomose with the surrounding capillary network, establishing a hierarchical vascular network within an engineered tissue flap. The engineered flap is then directly implanted by surgical anastomosis to a rat femoral artery using a cuff technique. The described methods can be expanded for the fabrication of various vascularized tissue flaps for use in reconstruction surgery and vascularization studies.

Engineered flaps require an incorporated functional vascular network. In this protocol, we present a method of fabricating a 3D printed tissue flap containing a hierarchical vascular network and its direct microsurgical anastomoses to rat femoral artery.

3Dプリンティング技術を用いた血管フラップの作製

Engineering implantable, functional, thick tissues requires designing a hierarchical vascular network. 3D bioprinting is a technology used to create ...

Procurement and Perfusion-Decellularization of Porcine Vascularized Flaps in a Customized Perfusion Bioreactor

Large volume soft tissue defects lead to functional deficits and can greatly impact the patient&#39;s quality of life. Although surgical reconstruction can be performed using autologous free flap transfer or vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), such methods also have disadvantages. Issues such as donor site morbidity and tissue availability limit autologous free flap transfer, while immunosuppression is a significant limitation of VCA. Engineered tissues in reconstructive surgery using decellularization/recellularization methods represent a possible solution. Decellularized tissues are generated using methods that remove native cellular material while preserving the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) microarchitecture. These acellular scaffolds can then be subsequently recellularized with recipient-specific cells.
This protocol details the procurement and decellularization methods used to achieve acellular scaffolds in a pig model. In addition, it also provides a description of the perfusion bioreactor design and setup. The flaps include the porcine omentum, tensor fascia lata, and the radial forearm. Decellularization is performed via ex vivo perfusion of low concentration sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent followed by DNase enzyme treatment and peracetic acid sterilization in a customized perfusion bioreactor.
Successful tissue decellularization is characterized by a white-opaque appearance of flaps macroscopically. Acellular flaps show the absence of nuclei on histological staining and a significant reduction in DNA content. This protocol can be used efficiently to generate decellularized soft tissue scaffolds with preserved ECM and vascular microarchitecture. Such scaffolds can be used in subsequent recellularization studies and have the potential for clinical translation in reconstructive surgery.

The protocol describes the surgical procurement and subsequent decellularization of vascularized porcine flaps by the perfusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent through the flap vasculature in a customized perfusion bioreactor.

カスタマイズされた灌流バイオリアクターにおけるブタ血管化フラップの調達と灌流-脱細胞化

Large volume soft tissue defects lead to functional deficits and can greatly impact the patient&#39;s quality of life. Although surgical reconstruction ...

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction

Live models that resemble surgical conditions of humans are needed for training free-flap harvesting and anastomosis. Animal models for training purposes have been available for years in many surgical fields. We used the female (because they are easy to handle for the procedure) Yorkshire pigs for the head and neck reconstruction by harvesting the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator or the superior epigastric artery perforator flap. The anastomosis site (neck skin defect or tracheal wall defect) was prepared via the dissection of the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, in which 3.5&#215; loupe magnification was used for anastomosis as we use on human cases in real life. This procedure demonstrates a new training method using a reliable learning model and provides a detailed anatomy in a live scenario. We focused on the ischemia time, harvesting, vessel anastomosis, and designing the flap to fit the defect site. This model improves tissue handling and with the use of proper instruments can be repeated many times so that the surgeon is fully confident before starting the surgery on humans.

Here we present a protocol for the use of the pig superior epigastric artery perforator flap as a learning module for head and neck microvascular reconstruction.

頭頸部血管再建のトレーニング ・ モジュールとしてブタ

Live models that resemble surgical conditions of humans are needed for training free-flap harvesting and anastomosis. Animal models for training purposes ...

Modified Heterotopic Hindlimb Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model in the Rat for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Research

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a relatively new field in the reconstructive surgery. Clinical achievements in human VCA include hand and face transplants and, more recently, abdominal wall, uterus, and urogenital transplants. Functional outcomes have exceeded initial expectations, and most recipients enjoy an improved quality of life. However, as clinical experience accumulates, chronic rejection and complications from the immunosuppression must be addressed. In many cases where grafts have failed, the causative pathology has been ischemic vasculopathy. <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(41, 43, 49); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">The biological mechanisms of the acute and chronic rejection associated with VCA, especially ischemic vasculopathy, are important areas of research. However, due to the very small number of VCA patients, the evaluation of proposed mechanisms is better addressed in an experimental model. Multiple groups have used animal models to address some of the relevant unsolved questions in VCA rejection and vasculopathy. Several model designs involving a variety of species are described in the literature. Here we present a reproducible model of VCA heterotopic hindlimb osteomyocutaneous flap in the rat that can be utilized for translational VCA research. This model allows for the serial evaluation of the graft, including biopsies and different imaging modalities, while maintaining a low level of morbidity.

Vascularized composite allograft offers life-altering benefits to transplant recipients, but the biological causes of graft rejection and vasculopathy remain poorly understood. The rodent surgical model presented here offers a reproducible, clinically relevant model of transplantation, allowing researchers to evaluate rejection events and potential therapeutic strategies to prevent their occurrence.

トランスレーショナル血管化複合体他家移植研究のためのラットにおける修正 Heterotopic 後肢 Osteomyocutaneous フラップモデル

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a relatively new field in the reconstructive surgery. Clinical achievements in human VCA include hand ...

操作された血管柄マッスルフラップ

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

マウスモデルにおける組織工学血管の生成とグラフト

偏神経組織のエンジニア3Dシルクコラーゲンベースモデル

中に組み込み血管新生による組織工学

の応用

無料組織転送のモデル：ラット心窩部無料フラップ

血管化複合同種移植片バイオエンジニアリング研究のための信頼性の高いブタ筋膜皮膚フラップモデル

3Dプリンティング技術を用いた血管フラップの作製

カスタマイズされた灌流バイオリアクターにおけるブタ血管化フラップの調達と灌流-脱細胞化

頭頸部血管再建のトレーニング・モジュールとしてブタ

トランスレーショナル血管化複合体他家移植研究のためのラットにおける修正 Heterotopic 後肢 Osteomyocutaneous フラップモデル

操作された血管柄マッスルフラップ

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

マウスモデルにおける組織工学血管の生成とグラフト

偏神経組織のエンジニア3Dシルクコラーゲンベースモデル

中に組み込み血管新生による組織工学

の応用

無料組織転送のモデル：ラット心窩部無料フラップ

血管化複合同種移植片バイオエンジニアリング研究のための信頼性の高いブタ筋膜皮膚フラップモデル

3Dプリンティング技術を用いた血管フラップの作製

カスタマイズされた灌流バイオリアクターにおけるブタ血管化フラップの調達と灌流-脱細胞化

頭頸部血管再建のトレーニング ・ モジュールとしてブタ

トランスレーショナル血管化複合体他家移植研究のためのラットにおける修正 Heterotopic 後肢 Osteomyocutaneous フラップモデル

頭頸部血管再建のトレーニング・モジュールとしてブタ