The authors are grateful for the financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology.

1.准备银前体油墨<ol><li>添加1.85克二乙醇胺（DEA）3.15毫升去离子水。 </li><li>溶解0.15克硝酸银在5毫升去离子水。 </li><li>混合与DEA的硝酸银水溶液以1:1的体积比具有10个ml的银前体油墨使用之前。 </li></ol> 2.制造延伸导电薄膜<ol><li> AgNW油墨的制备 <ol><li>稀释2毫升的异丙醇0.5％（重量）AgNWs 18毫升去离子水。 </li><li>将其放置在超声波浴30秒，在25℃。 </li></ol></li><li> AgNW薄膜通过自动喷涂制造 <ol><li>剪标显微镜载片成片的大小等于1×2.5 平方厘米。准备16玻璃碎片这种规模的并用乙醇湿润镜头纸清洁。 </li><li>传输16毫升AgNW油墨（从第1节）进涂料杯airbr的USH用吸管。安装喷枪上的计算机控制的机器人喷涂。 </li><li>将玻璃碎片8在舞台上的4×2的安排和解决这些问题用耐热胶带。在舞台上的所有玻璃基板的总面积是4×5厘米2。 </li><li>设置工作压力和加热阶段的温度在3巴和100°C，分别。 </li><li>打开机器人的控制软件。点击下的"命令"栏中，选择画笔运动指令序列。在必要的输入参数类型来完成自动喷涂方案如图1运行该程序。 注:"线路速度"命令使喷枪行程为200毫米/秒。由"刷区域"命令，喷枪来回移动，在玻璃基板阵列的短边的方向，而移动台沿长边的方向与两杆之间的空间为5mm。 "线开始"和"林Ë结束"命令决定的自动喷涂作业的起点和终点的位置。他们的位置取决于在舞台上的玻璃基片阵列的位置。"等待点"命令将设置20秒的等待时间每个自动喷涂周期的结束。"环路地址"命令使多个喷淋循环和自动喷涂周期数是15次。命令的更详细的指令可以在制造商的方案被发现。 </li><li>改变自动喷涂周期数成30倍。重复步骤2.2.3 - 2.2.5制作AgNW薄膜30喷洒周期。 </li><li>喷涂后，烘烤银纳米线薄膜在热板上在120℃下进行10分钟。 </li></ol></li><li> 化学焊接工艺 <ol><li>投400微升银前体油墨在玻璃基板上的每个喷涂银纳米丝薄膜。 </li><li>烤的热板上的薄膜在100＃176;下进行40分钟。 </li><li>仔细冲洗反应性涂料，用去离子水以除去不反应的化学残留物和空气干燥涂布的膜。 </li></ol></li><li> 铸剥离过程 <ol><li>投200μl的市售水基PU乳液在玻璃基板上的每个银纳米复合薄膜。 </li><li>空气干燥膜10小时，以确保完全固化。 </li><li>剥离样本从玻璃基板作为独立式复合薄膜。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.表征<ol><li> 拉伸试验 <ol><li>打开线性机动阶段，等待10分钟，让机器预热。 </li><li>打开阶段控制软件。设定的电动机8000的移动步骤的数量。在舞台控制软件点击"X +"，直到它触及固定的阶段，移动移动舞台，点击"设置0"设置T的位置他的移动舞台，在舞台控制软件为零。 注意:所述的移动台移动0.00125毫米在电机中的一个步骤。例如，移动台移动1厘米，如果电机移动8000的步骤。的加号"X +"指的是在接近固定阶段，而"X-"的负号装置从固定台移动离开的方向移动台移动。 </li><li>点击"X-"移动的移动舞台，离开了移动和固定阶段在1厘米的空间。固定样品的两端与接线座到阶段。由此，样品的拉伸面积为1×1厘米2。拉伸机的设置示于图2。 </li><li>使用鳄鱼夹，这是布线电缆连接到阶段持有者（图2）的另一端，连接到数字万用表的电阻测量。 </li><li>置的移动步骤的电动机的数量为800点击"X-"为MOVE中的移动台1毫米（10％应变）离开固定阶段拉伸样品，并记录电阻。重复此步骤，直到阻力显著增加（〜150％应变）。 </li></ol></li><li> 稳定性试验 <ol><li>准备测试按照步骤3.1.2 - 3.1.4。 </li><li>打开数字万用表软件。数字万用表连接到计算机。长按数字万用表，直到电脑图标"RELΔ"按钮将出现在数字万用表显示屏的左上角。单击数字万用表软件"USB连接"，软件开始记录测量的电阻。 </li><li>将命令输入到在阶段控制软件的程序面板的输入字段，如图3中的命令。"U-4000"，是指从固定台移动的移动阶段4000步程，而命令":U4000"装置移动移动舞台4000步回在固定阶段（4000为50％的应变，8000的100％株）。拉伸循环的次数是15次。所述移动台的默认速度为1毫米/秒。 </li><li>点击"运行123"在舞台控制软件的程序面板，执行自动程序。在往复运动的移动台移动到伸展与三角波形的伸长循环样本。 </li><li>点击保存图标万用表软件和出口的阻力响应曲线的数据为.xls文件。 </li></ol></li><li> LED照明测试 <ol><li>准备测试按照步骤3.1.2 - 3.1.3。连接有线持有者串联一个LED和一个电源。 </li><li>接通电源。增加电压至9伏点亮的LED。 </li><li>点击"X-"从固定台移动手机第一阶段毫米（10％株）客场拉伸试样，并拍摄照片，记录了LED的亮度。重复此步骤，直到光LED变暗。要小心，自动曝光相机，应关闭，而拍照。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

化学焊接工艺可以帮助加强银纳米线之间的接触。 如图4b所示，导线/线结被施加反应性银油墨过度涂覆AgNW薄膜喷雾后覆盖有银。的银回收强烈依赖于来自DEA降解所产生的甲醛，并因此在焊接工艺或还原银可以随着温度的增加而加速。22由于AgNWs的金属表面提供有效的电子交换部位，银纳米粒子被优先沿AgNW表面减小，并包裹在钢丝线结，形成混合的接触。这种化学物质的焊接?...

可变形的电子设备具有大的伸缩性已被确定为关键部件的实现可穿戴和便携式电子产品中的下一代。1这些伸缩性电子器件不仅表现出极大的灵活性，因为对塑料片2，3的那些电子设备，但也表现出优异的严重的拉伸或扭转条件下的性能。4要实现的可拉伸电子，材料，下大变形很大的电气性能是必要的。在材料科学的最新进展表明，合成等功能材料的可能性，并用他们来设计伸缩光电器件5-9以极大的宽容，以复杂的形状变形。在所有的电子功能材料，可拉伸的导体是需要供给电力的那些光电器件，从而对设备的性能至关重要。因为常规的导电材料，如金属或铟锡氧化物，缺乏下大变形的机械强度的，由这些材料制成的互连都无法下拉伸处理，以表现出良好的导电性。因此，覆盖有一层薄薄的柔性导电材料，例如碳纳米管，石墨烯1，10或AgNWs弹性基材，11-14被设计为具有优良的拉伸性的导体。因为高体积电导率的，AgNW薄膜已被证明是最有前途的材料为复合伸缩性导体。AgNW薄膜13的渗透网络可以有效地容纳大的弹性变形在拉伸过程中以极大的电导，并且被认为是一个有前途的拉伸电极候选人。为了实现AgNW薄膜作为伸缩性导体，它必须有AgNWs之间的有效的电接触。经过液相沉积的在基板表面ð干燥，AgNWs定期堆叠在一起，以形成渗透啮合松接触点，其产生在大的电阻。因此，人们需要退火通过高温或高压退火方法15-20纳米线之间的接触，以降低接触电阻。 在对比文献中的这些退火工艺，在这里，我们将展示一个简单的化学方法进行退火定期实验室条件AgNW网络连接21的制造过程示于图4A中 。阿反应性墨，用于烧结喷涂AgNW薄膜在玻璃板上。反应后，纳米线之间的接触覆盖有银并且因此AgNW网络被化学焊接在一起。甲铸和剥离方法被用来将焊接AgNW网络传送到一个​​可拉伸的PU基材以形成复合导体，它可以表现出无明显变化我n条电子导电性，即使在120％的大型拉伸应变。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Silver nanowire</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>778095-25ML</td><td>AgNW, 120 nm in diameter and 20-50 mm in length, 0.5 wt% in IPA</td></tr><tr><td>Silver nitrate crystal</td><td>Macron Fine Chemicals</td><td>MK216903</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethanolamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D8885-500G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polyurethane emulsion</td><td>First Chemical</td><td>20130326036</td><td>35 wt% water-based anionic polyester-polyurethane emulsion</td></tr><tr><td>Airbrush</td><td>Taiwan Airbrush &amp;amp; Equipment</td><td>AFC-sensor&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Desktop robot</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>DT-200&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital dispenser controller</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>9000E&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Auto-spraying program</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>Smart robot edit version 3.0.0.5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Air compressor&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PUMA Industrial</td><td>NCS-10&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Linear motorized stage</td><td>TANLIAN E-O</td><td>Customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stage control software</td><td>TANLIAN E-O</td><td>Customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital multimeter</td><td>HILA INTERNATIONAL</td><td>DM-2690TU</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital multimeter software</td><td>HILA INTERNATIONAL</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power supply</td><td>CHERN TAIH</td><td>CT-605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LED</td><td>PChome</td><td>M08330766</td><td>http://www.pcstore.com.tw/sun-flower/M08330766.htm</td></tr></tbody></table>

a fabrication method for highly stretchable conductors with silver nanowires

伸缩性电子装置被认为是一个关键的技术用于电子应用中的下一代。之一，在伸缩性电子器件的制造中的挑战之一是与大的机械稳定性的制剂的伸缩性导体。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个简单的制造方法，化学焊接银纳米线（AgNW）网络之间的接触点。 AgNW纳米网首先沉积在通过喷涂法在玻璃幻灯片。银纳米粒子（AGNPS）的前体组成的无油墨涂了涂AgNW薄膜喷涂。加热40分钟后，分别AGNPS优先于纳米线结到焊接AgNW纳米筛产生，并且加强了导电网络。然后将化学修饰AgNW薄膜转移至聚氨酯（PU）通过流延法的底物。该焊接AgNW薄膜的聚氨酯表现在拉伸或罗林电导率无明显变化克过程与伸长株高达120％。

化学焊接过程之后的AgNW薄膜的形态示于图4B。回收AGNPS优先成长AgNWs的表面上，敷在导线/线结。 图5示出了变化的薄层电阻与施加的伸长张力为未焊接和含有不同量AgNWs的焊接的薄膜。化学焊接工艺后，AgNW薄膜导体可以高应变条件下保持高导电性，不管AgNWs的喷洒量。这两种焊接AgNW薄膜显示低于100Ω/□的薄膜电阻，当低于120％的菌株被...

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A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

对于高伸缩的导线与银纳米线制作方法

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

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9.9K 次观看.  National Taiwan University. A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

视频: A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two electrodes-and generating them in practical quantities-is still challenging. The preparation of nanogap electrodes using nanoskiving, which is a form of edge lithography, is a fast, simple and powerful technique. This method is an entirely mechanical process which does not include any photo- or electron-beam lithographic steps and does not require any special equipment or infrastructure such as clean rooms. Nanoskiving is used to fabricate electrically addressable nanogaps with control over all three dimensions; the smallest dimension of these structures is defined by the thickness of the sacrificial layer (Al or Ag) or self-assembled monolayers. These wires can be manually positioned by transporting them on drops of water and are directly electrically-addressable; no further lithography is required to connect them to an electrometer.

The fabrication of electrically addressable, high-aspect-ratio (> 1000:1) metal nanowires separated by gaps of single nanometers using either sacrificial layers of aluminum and silver or self-assembled monolayers as templates is described. These nanogap structures are fabricated without a clean room or any photo- or electron-beam lithographic processes by a form of edge lithography known as nanoskiving.

制造由Nanoskiving Nanogaps的

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two ...

科研

化学

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe their electromagnetic properties to the structure of their constituents, instead of the atoms that compose them. For example, sub-wavelength metal wires can be arranged to possess an effective electric permittivity that is either positive or negative at a given frequency, in contrast to the metals themselves 2. This unprecedented control over the behaviour of light can potentially lead to a number of novel devices, such as invisibility cloaks 3, negative refractive index materials 4, and lenses that resolve objects below the diffraction limit 5. However, metamaterials operating at optical, mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies are conventionally made using nano- and micro-fabrication techniques that are expensive and produce samples that are at most a few centimetres in size 6-7. Here we present a fabrication method to produce hundreds of meters of metal wire metamaterials in fiber form, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response 8. We combine the stack-and-draw technique used to produce microstructured polymer optical fiber 9 with the Taylor-wire process 10, using indium wires inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) tubes. PMMA is chosen because it is an easy to handle, drawable dielectric with suitable optical properties in the terahertz region; indium because it has a melting temperature of 156.6 &deg;C which is appropriate for codrawing with PMMA. We include an indium wire of 1 mm diameter and 99.99% purity in a PMMA tube with 1 mm inner diameter (ID) and 12 mm outside diameter (OD) which is sealed at one end. The tube is evacuated and drawn down to an outer diameter of 1.2 mm. The resulting fiber is then cut into smaller pieces, and stacked into a larger PMMA tube. This stack is sealed at one end and fed into a furnace while being rapidly drawn, reducing the diameter of the structure by a factor of 10, and increasing the length by a factor of 100. Such fibers possess features on the micro- and nano- scale, are inherently flexible, mass-producible, and can be woven to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. They represent a promising platform for a number of novel devices from terahertz to optical frequencies, such as invisible fibers, woven negative refractive index cloths, and super-resolving lenses.

Metamaterials at terahertz frequencies offer unique opportunities, but are challenging to fabricate in bulk. We adapt the fabrication procedure for microstructured polymer optical fibers to inexpensively fabricate metamaterials potentially on an industrial scale. We produce polymethylmethacrylate fibers containing ~10 &mu;m diameter indium wires separated by ~100 &mu;m, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response.

制造超材料使用光纤拉丝法

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

工程学

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.3-7 However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,9 such as coupled metal dot10,11or coupled metal rod12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses.
In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface.
Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.14-16 The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.

Femtosecond-laser direct-writing is frequently used to create three-dimensional (3D) patterns in polymers and glasses. However, patterning metals in 3D remains a challenge. We describe a method for fabricating silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm.

一个断开连接的银纳米结构的方法来制作的3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

平面和立体印刷的导电油墨

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

生物工程

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) are a promising platform for immune modulation due to their potent ability to stimulate T cells. Acellular substrates offer key advantages over cell-based aAPC, including precise control of signal presentation parameters and physical properties of the aAPC surface to modulate its interactions with T cells. aAPC constructed from anisotropic particles, particularly ellipsoidal particles, have been shown to be more effective than their spherical counterparts at stimulating T cells due to increased binding and larger surface area available for T cell contact, as well as reduced nonspecific uptake and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Despite increased interest in anisotropic particles, even widely accepted methods of generating anisotropic particles such as thin-film stretching can be challenging to implement and use reproducibly.
To this end, we describe a protocol for the rapid, standardized fabrication of biodegradable anisotropic particle-based aAPC with tunable size, shape, and signal presentation for T cell expansion ex vivo or in vivo, along with methods to characterize their size, morphology, and surface protein content, and to assess their functionality. This approach to fabricating anisotropic aAPC is scalable and reproducible, making it ideal for generating aAPC for &#34;off-the-shelf&#34; immunotherapies.

Here, we present a protocol to quickly and reproducibly generate biologically inspired, biodegradable articifical antigen presenting cells (aAPC) with tunable size, shape, and surface protein presentation for T cell expansion ex vivo or in vivo.

CD8+ T 细胞活化的各向异性聚合物人工抗原呈现细胞的制备

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) are a promising platform for immune modulation due to their potent ability to stimulate T cells. Acellular ...

环境科学

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

具有嵌入式金属网的高性能，灵活，透明电极的可扩展解决方案处理制造策略

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of nanowires. DEP is used for nanowire analysis, characterization, and for solution-based fabrication of semiconducting devices. The method works by applying an alternating electric field between metallic electrodes. The nanowire formulation is then dropped onto the electrodes which are on an inclined surface to create a flow of the formulation using gravity. The nanowires then align along the gradient of the electric field and in the direction of the liquid flow. The frequency of the field can be adjusted to select nanowires with superior conductivity and lower trap density. 
In this work, flow-assisted DEP is used to create nanowire field effect transistors. Flow-assisted DEP has several advantages: it allows selection of nanowire electrical properties; control of nanowire length; placement of nanowires in specific areas; control of orientation of nanowires; and control of nanowire density in the device. 
The technique can be expanded to many other applications such as gas sensors and microwave switches. The technique is efficient, quick, reproducible, and it uses a minimal amount of dilute solution making it ideal for the testing of novel nanomaterials. Wafer scale assembly of nanowire devices can also be achieved using this technique, allowing large numbers of samples for testing and large-area electronic applications.

In this paper, flow assisted dielectrophoresis is demonstrated for the self-assembly of nanowire devices. The fabrication of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is shown as an example.

流动辅助介: 一种低成本的制备高性能溶液可纳米线器件的方法

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-film Solar Cells

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes normally result in very poor cell performance. Embedding or sandwiching silver nanowires using moderately conductive transparent materials, such as indium tin oxide or zinc oxide, can improve cell performance. However, the solution-processed matrix layers can cause a significant number of interfacial defects between transparent electrodes and the CdS buffer, which can eventually result in low cell performance. This manuscript describes how to fabricate robust electrical contact between a silver nanowire electrode and the underlying CdS buffer layer in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell, enabling high cell performance using matrix-free silver nanowire transparent electrodes. The matrix-free silver nanowire electrode fabricated by our method proves that the charge-carrier collection capability of silver nanowire electrode-based cells is as good as that of standard cells with sputtered ZnO:Al/i-ZnO as long as the silver nanowires and CdS have high-quality electrical contact. The high-quality electrical contact was achieved by depositing an additional CdS layer as thin as 10 nm onto the silver nanowire surface.

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in CuIn,GaSe2 Thin-film Solar Cells

In this protocol, we describe the detailed experimental procedure for the fabrication of a robust nanoscale contact between a silver nanowire network and CdS buffer layer in a CIGS thin-film solar cell.

在 Cu(In、Ga)Se2薄膜太阳能电池中制造银纳米线电极与 CdS 缓冲层之间的强健纳米级接触

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes ...

Iron Nanowire Fabrication by Nano-Porous Anodized Aluminum and its Characterization

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and data storage. We demonstrate a fabrication method for iron (Fe) nanowires&#160;via electrochemical deposition into anodic&#160;alumina oxide (AAO) templates. The templates are fabricated by anodization of aluminum (Al) discs, and the pore length and diameter are controlled by changing the anodizing conditions. Pores with an average diameter of around 120 nm are created using oxalic acid as the electrolyte. Using this method, cylindrical nanowires are synthesized, which are released by dissolving the alumina using a selective chemical etchant.

In this work, we describe a&#160;protocol to fabricate iron nanowires, including the formation of the porous alumina membrane that is used as the template, electrodeposition into templates using electrolyte solution, and the release of the nanowires into the solution.

纳米孔阳极氧化铝的铁纳米线制造及其特性

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and ...