Name: a fabrication method for highly stretchable conductors with silver nanowires
Uploaded: 2016-01-21T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 50 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires at JoVE.com

The authors are grateful for the financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Preparación de Plata Precursor Tinta <ol><li> Añadir 1,85 g de dietanolamina (DEA) en 3,15 ml de agua desionizada. </li><li> Disolver 0,15 g de nitrato de plata en 5 ml de agua desionizada. </li><li> Mezclar la solución de nitrato de plata acuoso con DEA en una relación 1: 1 volumen a tener tinta precursor 10 ml de plata justo antes de su uso. </li></ol> 2. La fabricación de estirables conductores Thin Films <ol><li> Preparación de la tinta AgNW <ol><li> Diluir 2 ml de 0,5% en peso AgNWs en isopropanol con 18 ml de agua desionizada. </li><li> Colóquelo en baño de ultrasonidos durante 30 segundos a 25 ° C. </li></ol></li><li> Fabricación de AgNW películas delgadas mediante revestimiento por pulverización auto- <ol><li> Corte estándar portaobjetos en trozos de tamaño igual a 1 × 2,5 cm 2. Preparar 16 piezas de cristal de este tamaño y limpiarlos con un pañuelo de limpieza de lentes de etanol contacto con el medio. </li><li> Transferencia de 16 ml AgNW de tinta (de la sección 1) en el vaso de pintura de la airbrUsh con una pipeta. Montar el aerógrafo en un robot controlado por ordenador para el revestimiento por pulverización. </li><li> Coloque 8 de piezas de vidrio en un arreglo de 4 × 2 en el escenario y fijarlas con cintas resistentes al calor. La superficie total de todos los sustratos de vidrio en el escenario es de 4 × 5 cm 2. </li><li> Ajuste la presión de trabajo y calefacción temperatura de la etapa a 3 bar y 100 ° C, por separado. </li><li> Abra el software de control del robot. Haga clic para activar la secuencia de comandos de movimiento del cepillo en la columna &quot;Comando&quot;. Tipo de parámetros de entrada necesarios para completar el programa de auto-pulverización como se muestra en la Figura 1. Ejecute el programa. Nota: El comando &quot;Velocidad de línea&quot; hace que el viaje aerógrafo a 200 mm / seg. Por el comando &quot;Brush Area&quot;, el aerógrafo se mueve hacia atrás y adelante en la dirección del lado corto de la matriz de sustrato de vidrio mientras que la etapa se desplaza a lo largo de la dirección del lado largo y el espacio entre dos golpes es 5 mm. La &quot;línea de salida&quot; y &quot;Line End &quot;comandos determinan las posiciones de partida y el punto final de la operación de auto-pulverización. Las posiciones de ellas dependen de la posición de la matriz de sustrato de vidrio en el escenario. El&quot; comando Espere Point &quot;establece un tiempo de espera de 20 segundos en Al final de cada ciclo de auto-pulverización. &quot;Loop Dirección&quot; comando permite múltiples ciclos de rociado y el número de ciclos de auto-pulverización es de 15 veces. instrucción más detallada de los comandos se pueden encontrar en el protocolo del fabricante. </li><li> Cambiar el número de ciclos de auto-pulverización en 30 veces. Repita los pasos 2.2.3 - 2.2.5 para fabricar AgNW películas delgadas de 30 ciclos de fumigación. </li><li> Después de recubrimiento por pulverización, hornear nanocables películas delgadas de plata sobre una placa caliente a 120 ° C durante 10 minutos. </li></ol></li><li> Proceso de soldadura química <ol><li> Reparto de 400 l de tinta precursor de plata sobre cada uno de nanocables de plata de película delgada se recubrieron por pulverizado sobre el sustrato de vidrio. </li><li> Hornee las películas sobre una placa caliente a 100 y# 176; C durante 40 minutos. </li><li> Enjuague los recubrimientos reactivos cuidadosamente con agua desionizada para eliminar los residuos químicos no reactivos y aire seque las películas recubiertas. </li></ol></li><li> Cast-peeling proceso <ol><li> Reparto de 200 l disponible comercialmente PU en emulsión a base de agua sobre cada película delgada-nano compuesto de plata sobre el sustrato de vidrio. </li><li> Seque las películas de 10 horas para garantizar la plena solidificación. </li><li> Despegar las muestras de los sustratos de vidrio como películas compuestas libre de pie. </li></ol></li></ol> 3. Caracterización <ol><li> Prueba de estiramiento <ol><li> Encienda la etapa lineal motorizada y esperar 10 minutos para que la máquina se caliente. </li><li> Abra el software de control de fase. Ajuste el número de los pasos en movimiento del motor en 8000. Haga clic en &quot;X +&quot; en el software de control de fase para mover el escenario móvil hasta que toque el escenario fijo y haga clic en &quot;SET 0&quot; para fijar la posición de tque el escenario móvil como cero en el software de control de fase. Nota: La fase móvil se mueve 0,00125 mm en un solo paso del motor. Por ejemplo, la etapa móvil se mueve 1 cm si el motor se mueve 8.000 pasos. El signo más de la &quot;X +&quot; significa que el escenario móvil se mueve en la dirección de acercarse escenario fijo, mientras que el signo negativo de la &quot;X&quot; significa alejarse de la plataforma fija. </li><li> Haga clic en &quot;X&quot; para mover el escenario móvil que dejar 1 cm de espacio entre la fase móvil y fija. Fije ambos extremos de la muestra con los titulares de cableadas sobre la etapas. De este modo, la zona que se extiende de la muestra es 1 × 1 cm 2. La configuración de la máquina de estiramiento se muestra en la Figura 2. </li><li> Utilice las pinzas de cocodrilo, que son los otros extremos de los cables de conexión a los titulares de la etapa (Figura 2), para conectar con el multímetro digital para mediciones de resistencia. </li><li> Ajuste el número de los pasos en movimiento del motor como 800. Haga clic en &quot;X&quot; a move la fase móvil 1 mm (10% de deformación) de distancia de la plataforma fija para estirar la muestra y registrar la resistencia. Repita este paso hasta que la resistencia aumenta significativamente (~ 150% de tensión). </li></ol></li><li> Prueba de estabilidad <ol><li> Preparar la prueba como en los pasos 3.1.2 - 3.1.4. </li><li> Abra el software multímetro digital. Conecte el multímetro digital al ordenador. Mantenga pulsado el botón &quot;REL Δ&quot; en el multímetro digital hasta que un icono del equipo aparece en la esquina superior izquierda de la pantalla del multímetro digital. Haga clic en &quot;Conexión USB&quot; en el software multímetro digital y el software comienza a grabar resistencias medidas. </li><li> Introduzca los comandos en los campos de entrada en el panel del programa del software de control de fase, como se muestra en la Figura 3 El comando. &quot;: U-4000&quot; significa para mover el escenario móvil 4.000 pasos de la fase fija, mientras que el comando &quot;: U4000&quot; medios para mover el escenario móvil 4.000 pasos atrása la fase fija (4.000 para el 50% de deformación, 8000 para el 100% de tensión). El número de ciclos de estiramiento es de 15 veces. La velocidad predeterminada de la etapa móvil es 1 mm / seg. </li><li> Haga clic en &quot;Run 123&quot; en el panel del programa del software de control de fase para ejecutar el programa automático. La etapa móvil se mueve en un movimiento alternativo para estirar la muestra con ciclos de alargamiento de la forma de onda triangular. </li><li> Haga clic en el icono de guardar en el software multímetro y exportar los datos de los perfiles de respuesta de resistencia como un archivo .xls. </li></ol></li><li> Prueba de iluminación LED <ol><li> Preparar la prueba como en los pasos 3.1.2 - 3.1.3. Conecte los titulares conectados en serie con un LED y una fuente de alimentación. </li><li> Encienda la fuente de alimentación. Aumenta la tensión de 9 V para encender el LED. </li><li> Haga clic en &quot;X&quot; para mover la etapa 1 mm (10% de tensión) móvil lejos del escenario fijo para estirar la muestra y tomar una fotografía para registrar el brillo del LED. Repita este paso hasta que elluz de LED se oscurece. Tenga cuidado de que la auto-exposición de la cámara debe apagarse mientras toma las imágenes. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Rogers, J. A., Someya, T., Huang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Materials+and+mechanics+for+stretchable+electronics.">Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics.</a> Science. 327 (5973), 1603-1607 (2010).</li><li>Mazzeo, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paper-based,+capacitive+touch+pads.">Paper-based, capacitive touch pads.</a> Adv. Mater. 24 (21), 2850-2856 (2012).</li><li>Yang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver+nanowires:+from+scalable+synthesis+to+recyclable+foldable+electronics.">Silver nanowires: from scalable synthesis to recyclable foldable electronics.</a> Adv. Mater. 23 (27), 3052-3056 (2011).</li><li>Sekitani, T., Someya, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stretchable,+Large-area+Organic+Electronics.">Stretchable, Large-area Organic Electronics.</a> Adv. Mater. 22 (20), 2228-2246 (2010).</li><li>Lipomi, D. J., Tee, B. C., Vosgueritchian, M., Bao, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stretchable+organic+solar+cells.">Stretchable organic solar cells.</a> Adv. Mater. 23 (15), 1771-1775 (2011).</li><li>Liang, J., Li, L., Niu, X., Yu, Z., Pei, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elastomeric+polymer+light-emitting+devices+and+displays.">Elastomeric polymer light-emitting devices and displays.</a> Nat. Photonics. 7 (10), 817-824 (2013).</li><li>White, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrathin,+highly+flexible+and+stretchable+PLEDs.">Ultrathin, highly flexible and stretchable PLEDs.</a> Nat. Photonics. 7 (10), 811-816 (2013).</li><li>Chang, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+enhancement+in+bendable+fuel+cell+using+highly+conductive+Ag+nanowires.">Performance enhancement in bendable fuel cell using highly conductive Ag nanowires.</a> Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 39 (14), 7422-7427 (2014).</li><li>Yan, C. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Intrinsically+Stretchable+Nanowire+Photodetector+with+a+Fully+Embedded+Structure.">An Intrinsically Stretchable Nanowire Photodetector with a Fully Embedded Structure.</a> Adv. Mater. 26 (6), 943-950 (2014).</li><li>Lee, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-performance,+transparent,+and+stretchable+electrodes+using+graphene-metal+nanowire+hybrid+structures.">High-performance, transparent, and stretchable electrodes using graphene-metal nanowire hybrid structures.</a> Nano Lett. 13 (6), 2814-2821 (2013).</li><li>Xu, F., Zhu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+conductive+and+stretchable+silver+nanowire+conductors.">Highly conductive and stretchable silver nanowire conductors.</a> Adv. Mater. 24 (37), 5117-5122 (2012).</li><li>Yun, S., Niu, X., Yu, Z., Hu, W., Brochu, P., Pei, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compliant+silver+nanowire-polymer+composite+electrodes+for+bistable+large+strain+actuation.">Compliant silver nanowire-polymer composite electrodes for bistable large strain actuation.</a> Adv. Mater. 24 (10), 1321-1327 (2012).</li><li>Lee, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+stretchable+and+highly+conductive+metal+electrode+by+very+long+metal+nanowire+percolation+network.">Highly stretchable and highly conductive metal electrode by very long metal nanowire percolation network.</a> Adv. Mater. 24 (25), 3326-3332 (2012).</li><li>Akter, T., Kim, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversibly+Stretchable+Transparent+Conductive+Coatings+of+Spray-Deposited+Silver+Nanowires.">Reversibly Stretchable Transparent Conductive Coatings of Spray-Deposited Silver Nanowires.</a> ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 4 (4), 1855-1859 (2012).</li><li>Madaria, A., Kumar, A., Ishikawa, F., Zhou, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uniform,+highly+conductive,+and+patterned+transparent+films+of+a+percolating+silver+nanowire+network+on+rigid+and+flexible+substrates+using+a+dry+transfer+technique.">Uniform, highly conductive, and patterned transparent films of a percolating silver nanowire network on rigid and flexible substrates using a dry transfer technique.</a> Nano Res. 3 (8), 564-573 (2010).</li><li>Lee, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Room-Temperature+Nanosoldering+of+a+Very+Long+Metal+Nanowire+Network+by+Conducting-Polymer-Assisted+Joining+for+a+Flexible+Touch-Panel+Application.">Room-Temperature Nanosoldering of a Very Long Metal Nanowire Network by Conducting-Polymer-Assisted Joining for a Flexible Touch-Panel Application.</a> Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 (34), 4171-4176 (2013).</li><li>Tokuno, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+silver+nanowire+transparent+electrodes+at+room+temperature.">Fabrication of silver nanowire transparent electrodes at room temperature.</a> Nano Res. 4 (12), 1215-1222 (2011).</li><li>Garnett, E. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-limited+plasmonic+welding+of+silver+nanowire+junctions.">Self-limited plasmonic welding of silver nanowire junctions.</a> Nat. Mater. 11 (3), 241-249 (2012).</li><li>Zhu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transferable+self-welding+silver+nanowire+network+as+high+performance+transparent+flexible+electrode.">Transferable self-welding silver nanowire network as high performance transparent flexible electrode.</a> Nanotechnology. 24 (10), 1321-1327 (2013).</li><li>Han, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+Plasmonic+Laser+Nanowelding+for+a+Cu-Nanowire+Percolation+Network+for+Flexible+Transparent+Conductors+and+Stretchable+Electronics.">Fast Plasmonic Laser Nanowelding for a Cu-Nanowire Percolation Network for Flexible Transparent Conductors and Stretchable Electronics.</a> Adv. Mater. 26 (33), 5808-5814 (2014).</li><li>Chen, S. P., Liao, Y. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+stretchable+and+conductive+silver+nanowire+thin+films+formed+by+soldering+nanomesh+junctions.">Highly stretchable and conductive silver nanowire thin films formed by soldering nanomesh junctions.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (37), 19856-19860 (2014).</li><li>Chen, S. P., Kao, Z. K., Lin, J. L., Liao, Y. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver+conductive+features+on+flexible+substrates+from+a+thermally+accelerated+chain+reaction+at+low+sintering+temperatures.">Silver conductive features on flexible substrates from a thermally accelerated chain reaction at low sintering temperatures.</a> ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 4 (12), 7064-7068 (2012).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

El proceso de soldadura química puede ayudar a reforzar el contacto entre los nanocables de plata. Como se muestra en la Figura 4b, las uniones de alambre / cable están cubiertas con plata después de aplicar la tinta de plata reactiva sobre el spray revestido AgNW película delgada. La recuperación de la plata depende en gran medida del formaldehído generado a partir de la degradación de DEA, y por lo tanto el proceso de soldadura o la reducción de plata puede ser acelerada al au...

Dispositivos electrónicos deformables con gran capacidad de estiramiento han sido identificados como partes críticas para la realización de la electrónica portátiles y portátiles en la siguiente generación. 1 Esos dispositivos electrónicos estirables no sólo muestran una gran flexibilidad como aquellos dispositivos electrónicos en láminas de plástico, 2, 3, sino también exhibir excelente rendimiento bajo severas condiciones de estiramiento o torsión. 4 Para darse cuenta de la electrónica estirable, se necesitan materiales con gran actuación eléctrica en grandes deformaciones. Avances recientes en la ciencia de los materiales han demostrado la posibilidad de sintetizar tales materiales funcionales y los han utilizado para diseñar dispositivos optoelectrónicos estirables 5-9 con gran tolerancia a las deformaciones forma compleja. Entre todos los materiales funcionales electrónicos, conductores estirables son necesarias para suministrar energía eléctrica a los dispositivos optoelectrónicos y por lo tanto son de importancia crítica para el rendimiento del dispositivo.Debido a que los materiales conductores regulares, como metal o de óxido de indio y estaño, la falta de robustez mecánica bajo gran deformación, interconexiones de estas materias son incapaces de presentar una buena conductividad eléctrica en proceso de estiramiento. Por lo tanto, los sustratos elásticos cubiertos con una fina capa de materiales conductores flexibles, tales como nanotubos de carbono, 1 grafeno, 10 o AgNWs, 11-14 de están diseñados para conductores con una excelente capacidad de estiramiento. Debido a la alta conductividad a granel, AgNW películas delgadas se han demostrado para ser el material más prometedor para conductores estirables compuestas. 13 Las redes de percolación de AgNW películas delgadas puede acomodar eficazmente grandes deformaciones elásticas en proceso de estiramiento con gran conductancia eléctrica, y se consideran como un candidato electrodo estirable prometedor. Para implementar AgNW películas delgadas como conductores extensibles, es necesario contar con contactos eléctricos eficaces entre AgNWs. Después de una deposición líquidad secado sobre superficies de sustrato, AgNWs apilan regularmente entre sí para formar una malla de percolación con puntos de contacto sueltos, que producen en grandes resistencias eléctricas. Por lo tanto, hay que recocer los contactos entre los nanocables de alta temperatura o de alta presión métodos de recocido 15 a 20 para reducir las resistencias de contacto. En contraste con estos procesos de recocido en la literatura, aquí, vamos a demostrar un método químico simple para recocer AgNW conexiones de red bajo condiciones regulares de laboratorio. 21 El proceso de fabricación se muestra en la Figura 4A. Una tinta de reactivo se utiliza para sinterizar el aerosol recubiertos AgNW películas delgadas sobre una placa de vidrio. Después de la reacción, los contactos entre nanocables están cubiertas con plata y por lo tanto la red AgNW se sueldan juntos químicamente. Un método de fundido y la cáscara se utiliza entonces para transferir la red AgNW soldado a un sustrato de PU estirable para formar un conductor de material compuesto, que puede exhibir ningún cambio obvio iconductividad eléctrica n incluso a gran deformación por tracción de 120%.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Silver nanowire</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>778095-25ML</td><td>AgNW, 120 nm in diameter and 20-50 mm in length, 0.5 wt% in IPA</td></tr><tr><td>Silver nitrate crystal</td><td>Macron Fine Chemicals</td><td>MK216903</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethanolamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D8885-500G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polyurethane emulsion</td><td>First Chemical</td><td>20130326036</td><td>35 wt% water-based anionic polyester-polyurethane emulsion</td></tr><tr><td>Airbrush</td><td>Taiwan Airbrush &amp;amp; Equipment</td><td>AFC-sensor&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Desktop robot</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>DT-200&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital dispenser controller</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>9000E&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Auto-spraying program</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>Smart robot edit version 3.0.0.5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Air compressor&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PUMA Industrial</td><td>NCS-10&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Linear motorized stage</td><td>TANLIAN E-O</td><td>Customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stage control software</td><td>TANLIAN E-O</td><td>Customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital multimeter</td><td>HILA INTERNATIONAL</td><td>DM-2690TU</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital multimeter software</td><td>HILA INTERNATIONAL</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power supply</td><td>CHERN TAIH</td><td>CT-605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LED</td><td>PChome</td><td>M08330766</td><td>http://www.pcstore.com.tw/sun-flower/M08330766.htm</td></tr></tbody></table>

a fabrication method for highly stretchable conductors with silver nanowires

Electrónica estirable se identifican como una tecnología clave para las aplicaciones electrónicas en la próxima generación. Uno de los retos en la fabricación de dispositivos electrónicos extensibles es la preparación de los conductores extensibles con gran estabilidad mecánica. En este estudio, hemos desarrollado un método de fabricación sencilla para soldar químicamente los puntos de contacto entre los nanocables de plata (AgNW) redes. AgNW nanomalla fue depositado primero sobre un portaobjetos de vidrio mediante el método de revestimiento por pulverización. Una tinta reactiva compuesta de nanopartículas de plata (AGNPS) precursores se aplicó el aerosol recubierto AgNW películas delgadas. Después de calentar durante 40 minutos, AGNPS se generaron preferentemente sobre las uniones de nanocables para soldar el nanomalla AgNW, y reforzaron la red conductora. A continuación, la película delgada AgNW químicamente modificada se transfirió a poliuretano (PU) sustratos por medio de fusión. Los AgNW películas delgadas soldadas en PU exhibieron ningún cambio evidente en la conductividad eléctrica bajo estiramiento o Rolling proceso de alargamiento con las cepas de hasta 120%.

La morfología de la película delgada AgNW después del proceso de soldadura química se muestra en la Figura 4B. AGNPS recuperados crecen preferentemente en la superficie de AgNWs y envuelven sobre las uniones de alambre / cable. La Figura 5 muestra la variación de la resistencia de la lámina con cepas alargamiento aplicado para el desoldado y las películas delgadas soldadas que contienen diferentes cantidades de AgNWs. Después de ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires at JoVE.com

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

Un método de fabricación de conductores altamente extensibles con nanocables de plata

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

a-fabrication-method-for-highly-stretchable-conductors-with-silver

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Engineering

Physics

Unit 1

Gauss's Law

Equilibrium and Elasticity

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

9.9K vistas.  National Taiwan University. A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

Video: A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two electrodes-and generating them in practical quantities-is still challenging. The preparation of nanogap electrodes using nanoskiving, which is a form of edge lithography, is a fast, simple and powerful technique. This method is an entirely mechanical process which does not include any photo- or electron-beam lithographic steps and does not require any special equipment or infrastructure such as clean rooms. Nanoskiving is used to fabricate electrically addressable nanogaps with control over all three dimensions; the smallest dimension of these structures is defined by the thickness of the sacrificial layer (Al or Ag) or self-assembled monolayers. These wires can be manually positioned by transporting them on drops of water and are directly electrically-addressable; no further lithography is required to connect them to an electrometer.

The fabrication of electrically addressable, high-aspect-ratio (> 1000:1) metal nanowires separated by gaps of single nanometers using either sacrificial layers of aluminum and silver or self-assembled monolayers as templates is described. These nanogap structures are fabricated without a clean room or any photo- or electron-beam lithographic processes by a form of edge lithography known as nanoskiving.

Fabricación Nanogaps por Nanoskiving

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two ...

Investigación

Química

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe their electromagnetic properties to the structure of their constituents, instead of the atoms that compose them. For example, sub-wavelength metal wires can be arranged to possess an effective electric permittivity that is either positive or negative at a given frequency, in contrast to the metals themselves 2. This unprecedented control over the behaviour of light can potentially lead to a number of novel devices, such as invisibility cloaks 3, negative refractive index materials 4, and lenses that resolve objects below the diffraction limit 5. However, metamaterials operating at optical, mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies are conventionally made using nano- and micro-fabrication techniques that are expensive and produce samples that are at most a few centimetres in size 6-7. Here we present a fabrication method to produce hundreds of meters of metal wire metamaterials in fiber form, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response 8. We combine the stack-and-draw technique used to produce microstructured polymer optical fiber 9 with the Taylor-wire process 10, using indium wires inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) tubes. PMMA is chosen because it is an easy to handle, drawable dielectric with suitable optical properties in the terahertz region; indium because it has a melting temperature of 156.6 &deg;C which is appropriate for codrawing with PMMA. We include an indium wire of 1 mm diameter and 99.99% purity in a PMMA tube with 1 mm inner diameter (ID) and 12 mm outside diameter (OD) which is sealed at one end. The tube is evacuated and drawn down to an outer diameter of 1.2 mm. The resulting fiber is then cut into smaller pieces, and stacked into a larger PMMA tube. This stack is sealed at one end and fed into a furnace while being rapidly drawn, reducing the diameter of the structure by a factor of 10, and increasing the length by a factor of 100. Such fibers possess features on the micro- and nano- scale, are inherently flexible, mass-producible, and can be woven to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. They represent a promising platform for a number of novel devices from terahertz to optical frequencies, such as invisible fibers, woven negative refractive index cloths, and super-resolving lenses.

Metamaterials at terahertz frequencies offer unique opportunities, but are challenging to fabricate in bulk. We adapt the fabrication procedure for microstructured polymer optical fibers to inexpensively fabricate metamaterials potentially on an industrial scale. We produce polymethylmethacrylate fibers containing ~10 &mu;m diameter indium wires separated by ~100 &mu;m, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response.

Los metamateriales Fabricacion mediante el método de dibujo de fibra

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

Ingeniería

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.3-7 However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,9 such as coupled metal dot10,11or coupled metal rod12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses.
In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface.
Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.14-16 The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.

Femtosecond-laser direct-writing is frequently used to create three-dimensional (3D) patterns in polymers and glasses. However, patterning metals in 3D remains a challenge. We describe a method for fabricating silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm.

Un método para fabricar nanoestructuras desconectados de plata en 3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

Impresión plana y tridimensional de tintas conductoras

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Bioingeniería

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) are a promising platform for immune modulation due to their potent ability to stimulate T cells. Acellular substrates offer key advantages over cell-based aAPC, including precise control of signal presentation parameters and physical properties of the aAPC surface to modulate its interactions with T cells. aAPC constructed from anisotropic particles, particularly ellipsoidal particles, have been shown to be more effective than their spherical counterparts at stimulating T cells due to increased binding and larger surface area available for T cell contact, as well as reduced nonspecific uptake and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Despite increased interest in anisotropic particles, even widely accepted methods of generating anisotropic particles such as thin-film stretching can be challenging to implement and use reproducibly.
To this end, we describe a protocol for the rapid, standardized fabrication of biodegradable anisotropic particle-based aAPC with tunable size, shape, and signal presentation for T cell expansion ex vivo or in vivo, along with methods to characterize their size, morphology, and surface protein content, and to assess their functionality. This approach to fabricating anisotropic aAPC is scalable and reproducible, making it ideal for generating aAPC for &#34;off-the-shelf&#34; immunotherapies.

Here, we present a protocol to quickly and reproducibly generate biologically inspired, biodegradable articifical antigen presenting cells (aAPC) with tunable size, shape, and surface protein presentation for T cell expansion ex vivo or in vivo.

Fabricación de Anisotropic antígeno Artificial polimérico que presenta las células para la activación de células T CD8 +

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) are a promising platform for immune modulation due to their potent ability to stimulate T cells. Acellular ...

Medio ambiente

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

Estrategia escalable de fabricación procesada por soluciones para electrodos transparentes de alto rendimiento y flexibles con malla metálica integrada

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of nanowires. DEP is used for nanowire analysis, characterization, and for solution-based fabrication of semiconducting devices. The method works by applying an alternating electric field between metallic electrodes. The nanowire formulation is then dropped onto the electrodes which are on an inclined surface to create a flow of the formulation using gravity. The nanowires then align along the gradient of the electric field and in the direction of the liquid flow. The frequency of the field can be adjusted to select nanowires with superior conductivity and lower trap density. 
In this work, flow-assisted DEP is used to create nanowire field effect transistors. Flow-assisted DEP has several advantages: it allows selection of nanowire electrical properties; control of nanowire length; placement of nanowires in specific areas; control of orientation of nanowires; and control of nanowire density in the device. 
The technique can be expanded to many other applications such as gas sensors and microwave switches. The technique is efficient, quick, reproducible, and it uses a minimal amount of dilute solution making it ideal for the testing of novel nanomaterials. Wafer scale assembly of nanowire devices can also be achieved using this technique, allowing large numbers of samples for testing and large-area electronic applications.

In this paper, flow assisted dielectrophoresis is demonstrated for the self-assembly of nanowire devices. The fabrication of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is shown as an example.

Asistida por flujo dielectroforesis: Un método de bajo costo para la fabricación de dispositivos de nanocable procesables en solución de alto rendimiento

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-film Solar Cells

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes normally result in very poor cell performance. Embedding or sandwiching silver nanowires using moderately conductive transparent materials, such as indium tin oxide or zinc oxide, can improve cell performance. However, the solution-processed matrix layers can cause a significant number of interfacial defects between transparent electrodes and the CdS buffer, which can eventually result in low cell performance. This manuscript describes how to fabricate robust electrical contact between a silver nanowire electrode and the underlying CdS buffer layer in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell, enabling high cell performance using matrix-free silver nanowire transparent electrodes. The matrix-free silver nanowire electrode fabricated by our method proves that the charge-carrier collection capability of silver nanowire electrode-based cells is as good as that of standard cells with sputtered ZnO:Al/i-ZnO as long as the silver nanowires and CdS have high-quality electrical contact. The high-quality electrical contact was achieved by depositing an additional CdS layer as thin as 10 nm onto the silver nanowire surface.

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in CuIn,GaSe2 Thin-film Solar Cells

In this protocol, we describe the detailed experimental procedure for the fabrication of a robust nanoscale contact between a silver nanowire network and CdS buffer layer in a CIGS thin-film solar cell.

Fabricación de contacto robusto a nanoescala entre un electrodo de nanohilo de plata y una capa de búfer CdS en Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-film Solar Cells

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes ...

Iron Nanowire Fabrication by Nano-Porous Anodized Aluminum and its Characterization

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and data storage. We demonstrate a fabrication method for iron (Fe) nanowires&#160;via electrochemical deposition into anodic&#160;alumina oxide (AAO) templates. The templates are fabricated by anodization of aluminum (Al) discs, and the pore length and diameter are controlled by changing the anodizing conditions. Pores with an average diameter of around 120 nm are created using oxalic acid as the electrolyte. Using this method, cylindrical nanowires are synthesized, which are released by dissolving the alumina using a selective chemical etchant.

In this work, we describe a&#160;protocol to fabricate iron nanowires, including the formation of the porous alumina membrane that is used as the template, electrodeposition into templates using electrolyte solution, and the release of the nanowires into the solution.

Fabricación de Nanowire de Hierro de Aluminio Anodizado Nano-Porous y su Caracterización

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and ...