The authors are grateful for the financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology.

Gümüş Öncü Ink 1. Hazırlık <ol><li> Deiyonize 3,15 ml dietanolamin 1.85 g (DEA) ekleyin. </li><li> Deiyonize su, 5 ml gümüş nitrat 0.15 g çözündürülür. </li><li> Sağ Kullanmadan önce 10 ml gümüş habercisi mürekkep 1 hacim oranı: 1 at DEA ile sulu gümüş nitrat çözeltisi karıştırın. </li></ol> Gerilebilir İletken İnce Filmlerin 2. Fabrikasyon <ol><li> AgNW mürekkep hazırlanması <ol><li> Deiyonize su 18 ml izopropanol içinde% 0.5 ağırlık AgNWs 2 ml seyreltilir. </li><li> 25 ° C&#39;de 30 saniye boyunca ultrasonik banyoda yerleştirin. </li></ol></li><li> Otomatik sprey kaplama ile AgNW ince filmlerin imalatı <ol><li> Standart mikroskop 1 × 2.5 cm 2 eşit büyüklükte parçalar halinde slaytlar kesin. Bu boyutta 16 cam parçalarını hazırlayın ve etanol-ıslatılmış lens temizleme dokusu ile temizleyin. </li><li> Airbr boya kabına (bölüm 1) Transfer 16 ml mürekkep AgNWBir pipet ile Ush. Sprey kaplama için bilgisayar kontrollü bir robot üzerinde airbrush monte edin. </li><li> Sahnede bir 4 × 2 düzeninde cam parçalarının 8 koyun ve ısıya dayanıklı bantlar ile bunları düzeltmek. Sahnede tüm cam yüzeylerde toplam alanı 4 × 5 cm 2 &#39;dir. </li><li> Ayrı ayrı, 3 barda çalışan basınç ve ısıtma sahne sıcaklığı ayarlayın ve 100 ° C. </li><li> Robot kontrol yazılımını açın. &quot;Command&quot; sütununda fırça hareket komutu dizisi seçmek için tıklatın. Gerekli girdi parametrelerinin Tip Şekil 1&#39;de gösterildiği gibi. Otomatik püskürtme programını tamamlamak Programı çalıştırmak için. Not: &quot;Hat Hızı&quot; komutu 200 mm / sn airbrush seyahat yapar. Uzun kenarı yönünde ve iki vuruş arasındaki boşluk boyunca sahne hareket 5 mm iken &quot;Fırça Alanı&quot; komutu ile, airbrush cam alt tabaka dizisinin kısa kenarı yönünde ileri geri hareket eder. &quot;Çizgi Başlat&quot; ve &quot;Line Sonu &quot;komutları otomatik püskürtme işleminin başlangıç ​​ve bitiş noktalarının konumlarını belirlemek. Bunların konumları sahnede cam yüzey dizinin pozisyonuna bağlıdır.&quot; Noktası bekle &quot;komutu 20 saniyelik bir bekleme süresi setleri Her otomatik püskürtme döngüsünün sonu. komut birden sprey döngüleri sağlayan ve otomatik püskürtme döngü sayısı 15 katıdır. komutları daha detaylı talimat üreticinin protokolüne bulunabilir &quot;Döngü Adres&quot;. </li><li> 30 kez içine otomatik püskürtme döngü sayısını değiştirin. 30 püskürtme döngüsü AgNW ince filmler imal etmek için 2.2.5 - Tekrar 2.2.3 adımlar. </li><li> Sprey kaplama sonra, 10 dakika boyunca 120 ° C&#39;de bir sıcak plaka üzerinde, gümüş nanotel ince filmler fırında. </li></ol></li><li> Kimyasal lehim işlemi <ol><li> Cam tabaka üzerinde her sprey kaplı gümüş nanotel ince film üzerinde gümüş habercisi mürekkep 400 ul Cast. </li><li> 100 sıcak bir tabakta filmler pişirin176. C 40 dakika karıştırıldı. </li><li> Reaktif kimyasal artıkları çıkarmak için deiyonize su ile dikkatlice reaktif kaplamalar durulayın ve kaplanmış filmler hava kurulayın. </li></ol></li><li> Cast-soyma işlemi <ol><li> Cam tabaka üzerinde her gümüş nano-kompozit ince film üzerinde 200 ul piyasada mevcut su bazlı PU emülsiyon Cast. </li><li> Tam katılaşmasını sağlamak için 10 saat boyunca filmler hava-kurutun. </li><li> Ücretsiz ayakta kompozit filmleri gibi cam yüzeylerde örnekler soyulabilir. </li></ol></li></ol> 3. Karakterizasyonu <ol><li> Esneme testi <ol><li> Lineer motorlu sahnede açın ve makine ısınmak için 10 dakika bekleyin. </li><li> Kademe kontrol yazılımını açın. 8.000 Motorun hareketli adımların sayısını ayarlayın. Sabit sahne dokunana kadar mobil sahne taşımak için sahne denetim yazılımı &quot;X +&quot; tıklayın ve t konumunu ayarlamak için &quot;0 SET&quot; tıklayınkademe kontrol yazılımı sıfır olarak o mobil sahne. Not: mobil sahne motor tek bir adımda 0.00125 mm hareket eder. Motor 8000 adımlarını taşırsa Örneğin, mobil sahne 1 cm hareket eder. Artı işareti &quot;X +&quot; anlamına gelir &quot;X-&quot; negatif işareti sabit aşamasından uzaklaşıyor demektir ederken sabit sahne yaklaşan yönünde mobil sahne hareket eder. </li><li> Mobil ve sabit sahne arasında 1 cm boşluk bırakmak için mobil sahne taşımak için &quot;X-&quot; tıklayın. Aşamalar üzerine kablolu sahipleri ile numunenin iki ucunu sabitleyin. Böylece, numunenin gerilme alanı 1 × 1 cm 2 &#39;dir. Germe makinesi ayar, Şekil 2 &#39;de gösterilmiştir. </li><li> Direnç ölçümleri için dijital multimetre bağlanmak için, sahne sahipleri (Şekil 2) kablo kablolarının diğer uçları olan timsah klipleri kullanın. </li><li> Mov için 800. tıklayın &quot;X-&quot; olarak motorun hareketli adımların sayısını ayarlayıne uzak sabit aşamasından mobil sahne 1 mm (% 10 suş) örneği germek ve direnç kaydetmek için. Direnç anlamlı (~% 150 zorlanma) artar kadar bu adımı yineleyin. </li></ol></li><li> Kararlılık testi <ol><li> 3.1.4 - adımlarla 3.1.2 olarak testi hazırlayın. </li><li> Dijital multimetre yazılımını açın. Bilgisayara dijital multimetre bağlayın. Uzun basış bir bilgisayar ikonu kadar dijital multimetre üzerinde &quot;REL Δ&quot; butonuna dijital multimetre monitörün sol üst köşesinde görünür. Dijital multimetre yazılımı &quot;USB bağlantısı&quot; tıklayın ve yazılım ölçülen dirençleri kaydetmeye başlar. </li><li> Şekil 3&#39;te görüldüğü gibi sahne kontrol yazılımı programı panelindeki giriş alanlarına komutları girin komutu. &quot;: U-4000&quot; &quot;: U4000&quot; demektir sabit aşamasından 4000 adım ötede ise komut mobil sahne taşımak anlamına gelir 4000 adım geri mobil sahne taşımak içinSabit evre (% 50 suşu için 4,000,% 100 suşu için 8000) için. Germe döngü sayısı 15 katıdır. Mobil sahne varsayılan hızı 1 mm / sn dir. </li><li> Otomatik programı çalıştırmak için sahne kontrol yazılımı programı panelindeki &quot;Run 123&quot; a tıklayın. Pistonlu hareket mobil sahne hareket üçgen dalga uzama döngüsü ile numuneyi germek için. </li><li> Bir .xls dosyası olarak direnç yanıtı profilleri veri multimetre yazılımında simge kaydetmek ve ihracat tıklayın. </li></ol></li><li> LED aydınlatma testi <ol><li> 3.1.3 - adımlarla 3.1.2 olarak testi hazırlayın. Bir LED ve bir güç kaynağı ile seri olarak kablolu sahipleri bağlayın. </li><li> Güç kaynağı açın. LED ışık 9 V gerilim artırın. </li><li> Numuneyi germek ve LED parlaklığını kaydetmek için bir resim çekmek için sabit aşamasından uzak mobil sahne 1 mm (% 10 zorlanma) taşımak için &quot;X-&quot; tıklayın. Kadar bu adımı yineleyinLED ışığı loş hale gelir. Fotoğraf çekerken kameranın otomatik pozlama kapalı gerektiğini dikkatli olun. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Kimyasal lehim işlemi gümüş nanotellerin arasındaki teması güçlendirmek yardımcı olabilir. Şekil 4b&#39;de gösterildiği gibi, tel / kablo bağlantıları AgNW kaplı ince filmin spreyi olarak reaktif gümüş mürekkep uygulandıktan sonra gümüş ile kaplanmıştır. Gümüş kazanım DEA bozulmaya karşı üretilen formaldehite güçlü bir biçimde ve böylece lehim işlemi ya da gümüş redüksiyon sıcaklık artışı ile hızlandırılabilir. 22 AgNWs metal yüzeyleri etk...

Büyük gerdirilebilirlik ile deforme olabilen elektronik cihazlar gelecek nesil giyilebilir ve taşınabilir elektronik gerçekleşmesinde kritik parçalar olarak tespit edilmiştir. 1 Bu gerilebilir elektronik cihazlar mükemmel sergilemek de plastik levhalar, 2, 3 üzerinde bu elektronik cihazlar gibi büyük esneklik göstermesi değil sadece Şiddetli germe veya büküm koşullarında performans. 4 gerilebilir elektronik, büyük deformasyon altında büyük elektrik performansı ile malzeme ihtiyaç gerçekleştirmek için. Malzeme bilimleri alanındaki son gelişmeler bu tür fonksiyonel malzemeler sentezlemek imkanı göstermiştir ve karmaşık şekil deformasyonları büyük toleransı ile gerilebilir optoelektronik cihazların 5-9 tasarlamak için onları kullandık. Tüm elektronik fonksiyonel malzemeler arasında, gerilebilir iletkenler bu optoelektronik cihazların elektrik güç kaynağı için gerekli olan ve bu nedenle cihaz performansı için kritik önem taşımaktadır.Metal veya indiyum kalay oksit, büyük deformasyon altında mekanik sağlamlık eksikliği gibi düzenli iletken malzemeler, Çünkü bu malzemelerden yapılmış ara bağlantıları sürecini germe altında iyi elektriksel iletkenlik sergilemek mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle, bu karbon nanotüp, 1 Grafende, 10 veya AgNWs esnek iletken malzeme, ince bir tabaka ile kaplanmış alt-tabakalar, elastik, 11-14 mükemmel bir gerilebilirliğe sahip olan iletkenler için tasarlanmıştır. Çünkü yüksek kütle iletkenlik, AgNW ince filmleri etkili bir şekilde büyük bir elektriksel iletkenlik ile gerdirme işlemi büyük esnek deformasyonlarını barındırabilir. Kompozit gerilebilir iletkenler için en ümit verici malzeme olduğu AgNW ince filmlerin 13 süzdürme ağları gösterilmiştir ve sayılır gelecek vaat eden bir gerilebilir elektrot adayı. Gerilebilir iletkenler olarak AgNW ince filmler uygulamak için, AgNWs arasında etkin elektrik temas olması gereklidir. Sıvı birikim sonrasıAlt tabaka yüzeylerinde d kurutma, AgNWs düzenli büyük elektrik dirençler olarak verim gevşek temas noktaları, bir percolating örgü oluşturmak için bir araya yığını. Bu nedenle, tek bir dirençlerini azaltmak için yüksek sıcaklık ve yüksek basınç yöntemleri tavlama 15-20 tarafından nanotellerin arasında temas tavlanması gerekmektedir. Literatürde, bu tavlama işlemlerinin aksine, burada, düzenli laboratuvar şartlarında AgNW ağ bağlantısı tavlanması için basit bir kimyasal yöntem gösterecektir. 21 fabrikasyon işlemi, Şekil 4A&#39;da gösterilmiştir. Bir reaktif mürekkep püskürtme ile cam bir plaka üzerine elektrodepozisyonla kaplandı AgNW ince filmler topaklaşması için kullanılır. Tepkimeden sonra, nanotellerin arasındaki iletişim gümüş kaplı ve dolayısıyla AgNW ağı arasında bir kimyasal lehimlenmiştir. Bir dökme ve soyma yöntemi daha sonra belirgin bir değişim göstermez bir kompozit iletken oluşturmak üzere bir gerilebilir PU alt-tabaka lehimlenmiş AgNW ağ aktarmak için kullanılır iHatta% 120 büyük çekme gücü de n elektriksel iletkenlik.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Silver nanowire</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>778095-25ML</td><td>AgNW, 120 nm in diameter and 20-50 mm in length, 0.5 wt% in IPA</td></tr><tr><td>Silver nitrate crystal</td><td>Macron Fine Chemicals</td><td>MK216903</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethanolamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D8885-500G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polyurethane emulsion</td><td>First Chemical</td><td>20130326036</td><td>35 wt% water-based anionic polyester-polyurethane emulsion</td></tr><tr><td>Airbrush</td><td>Taiwan Airbrush &amp;amp; Equipment</td><td>AFC-sensor&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Desktop robot</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>DT-200&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital dispenser controller</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>9000E&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Auto-spraying program</td><td>Dispenser Tech</td><td>Smart robot edit version 3.0.0.5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Air compressor&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PUMA Industrial</td><td>NCS-10&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Linear motorized stage</td><td>TANLIAN E-O</td><td>Customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stage control software</td><td>TANLIAN E-O</td><td>Customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital multimeter</td><td>HILA INTERNATIONAL</td><td>DM-2690TU</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital multimeter software</td><td>HILA INTERNATIONAL</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power supply</td><td>CHERN TAIH</td><td>CT-605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LED</td><td>PChome</td><td>M08330766</td><td>http://www.pcstore.com.tw/sun-flower/M08330766.htm</td></tr></tbody></table>

a fabrication method for highly stretchable conductors with silver nanowires

Gerilebilir elektronik nesil elektronik uygulamalar için önemli bir teknoloji olarak tanımlanır. Gerilebilir elektronik cihazların üretiminde zorluklardan biri büyük bir mekanik stabilite gerilebilir iletkenlerin hazırlanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, biz kimyasal gümüş nanotel (AgNW) ağlar arasındaki temas noktalarını lehim için basit bir imalat yöntemi geliştirdi. AgNW nanomesh ilk sprey kaplama yöntemi ile bir cam slayt üzerine çökelmiştir. Gümüş nanoparçacık (AGNPS) öncüler oluşan bir reaktif mürekkep AgNW ince filmler kaplanmış sprey üzerine uygulanmıştır. 40 dakika ısıtıldıktan sonra, AGNPS tercihen AgNW nanomesh lehim nanotel kavşaklar üzerinde oluşturulan ve iletken ağı takviye edilmiştir. Kimyasal olarak modifiye edilmiş AgNW ince film daha sonra poliüretan (PU) bir yöntemi döküm alt-tabakalar aktarılmıştır. PU lehimlenmiş AgNW ince filmler germe veya rollin altında elektrik iletkenliğinin belirgin bir değişiklik sergilediuzama g süreci% 120 kadar suşları.

Kimyasal lehim işleminden sonra AgNW ince film morfolojisi Şekil 4B&#39;de gösterilmiştir. Kurtarılan AGNPS tercihen AgNWs yüzeyinde büyür ve tel / kablo kavşak üzerinde sarın. 5 unsoldered ve AgNWs farklı miktarını içeren lehimli ince filmler için uygulanan uzama suşları sac direncinin değişimini göstermektedir. Kimyasal lehim işleminden sonra, AgNW ince film iletkenler bakılmaksızın AgNWs püskürtülen miktar,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires at JoVE.com

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

Gümüş Nanotel ile son derece Gerilebilir İletkenler için bir Fabrikasyon Yöntemi

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

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9.9K Görüntüleme.  National Taiwan University. A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

Video: A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two electrodes-and generating them in practical quantities-is still challenging. The preparation of nanogap electrodes using nanoskiving, which is a form of edge lithography, is a fast, simple and powerful technique. This method is an entirely mechanical process which does not include any photo- or electron-beam lithographic steps and does not require any special equipment or infrastructure such as clean rooms. Nanoskiving is used to fabricate electrically addressable nanogaps with control over all three dimensions; the smallest dimension of these structures is defined by the thickness of the sacrificial layer (Al or Ag) or self-assembled monolayers. These wires can be manually positioned by transporting them on drops of water and are directly electrically-addressable; no further lithography is required to connect them to an electrometer.

The fabrication of electrically addressable, high-aspect-ratio (> 1000:1) metal nanowires separated by gaps of single nanometers using either sacrificial layers of aluminum and silver or self-assembled monolayers as templates is described. These nanogap structures are fabricated without a clean room or any photo- or electron-beam lithographic processes by a form of edge lithography known as nanoskiving.

Nanoskiving tarafından Nanogaps imalatı

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two ...

Kimya

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe their electromagnetic properties to the structure of their constituents, instead of the atoms that compose them. For example, sub-wavelength metal wires can be arranged to possess an effective electric permittivity that is either positive or negative at a given frequency, in contrast to the metals themselves 2. This unprecedented control over the behaviour of light can potentially lead to a number of novel devices, such as invisibility cloaks 3, negative refractive index materials 4, and lenses that resolve objects below the diffraction limit 5. However, metamaterials operating at optical, mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies are conventionally made using nano- and micro-fabrication techniques that are expensive and produce samples that are at most a few centimetres in size 6-7. Here we present a fabrication method to produce hundreds of meters of metal wire metamaterials in fiber form, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response 8. We combine the stack-and-draw technique used to produce microstructured polymer optical fiber 9 with the Taylor-wire process 10, using indium wires inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) tubes. PMMA is chosen because it is an easy to handle, drawable dielectric with suitable optical properties in the terahertz region; indium because it has a melting temperature of 156.6 &deg;C which is appropriate for codrawing with PMMA. We include an indium wire of 1 mm diameter and 99.99% purity in a PMMA tube with 1 mm inner diameter (ID) and 12 mm outside diameter (OD) which is sealed at one end. The tube is evacuated and drawn down to an outer diameter of 1.2 mm. The resulting fiber is then cut into smaller pieces, and stacked into a larger PMMA tube. This stack is sealed at one end and fed into a furnace while being rapidly drawn, reducing the diameter of the structure by a factor of 10, and increasing the length by a factor of 100. Such fibers possess features on the micro- and nano- scale, are inherently flexible, mass-producible, and can be woven to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. They represent a promising platform for a number of novel devices from terahertz to optical frequencies, such as invisible fibers, woven negative refractive index cloths, and super-resolving lenses.

Metamaterials at terahertz frequencies offer unique opportunities, but are challenging to fabricate in bulk. We adapt the fabrication procedure for microstructured polymer optical fibers to inexpensively fabricate metamaterials potentially on an industrial scale. We produce polymethylmethacrylate fibers containing ~10 &mu;m diameter indium wires separated by ~100 &mu;m, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response.

Fiber Çizim Yöntemi Kullanma Fabricating meta malzeme

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

Mühendislik

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.3-7 However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,9 such as coupled metal dot10,11or coupled metal rod12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses.
In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface.
Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.14-16 The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.

Femtosecond-laser direct-writing is frequently used to create three-dimensional (3D) patterns in polymers and glasses. However, patterning metals in 3D remains a challenge. We describe a method for fabricating silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm.

3D Disconnected Gümüş Nanoyapılar Fabrikasyona için Bir Yöntem

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

İletken Mürekkepler düzlemsel ve Üç Boyutlu Baskı

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Biyomühendislik

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) are a promising platform for immune modulation due to their potent ability to stimulate T cells. Acellular substrates offer key advantages over cell-based aAPC, including precise control of signal presentation parameters and physical properties of the aAPC surface to modulate its interactions with T cells. aAPC constructed from anisotropic particles, particularly ellipsoidal particles, have been shown to be more effective than their spherical counterparts at stimulating T cells due to increased binding and larger surface area available for T cell contact, as well as reduced nonspecific uptake and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Despite increased interest in anisotropic particles, even widely accepted methods of generating anisotropic particles such as thin-film stretching can be challenging to implement and use reproducibly.
To this end, we describe a protocol for the rapid, standardized fabrication of biodegradable anisotropic particle-based aAPC with tunable size, shape, and signal presentation for T cell expansion ex vivo or in vivo, along with methods to characterize their size, morphology, and surface protein content, and to assess their functionality. This approach to fabricating anisotropic aAPC is scalable and reproducible, making it ideal for generating aAPC for &#34;off-the-shelf&#34; immunotherapies.

Here, we present a protocol to quickly and reproducibly generate biologically inspired, biodegradable articifical antigen presenting cells (aAPC) with tunable size, shape, and surface protein presentation for T cell expansion ex vivo or in vivo.

Yönbağımlı polimer yapay antijen hücreleri CD8 + T Hücre aktivasyonu için sunma imalatı

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) are a promising platform for immune modulation due to their potent ability to stimulate T cells. Acellular ...

Çevre

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

Gömülü Metal Örgülü Yüksek Performanslı, Esnek, Şeffaf Elektrotlar için Ölçeklenebilir Çözeltiyle İşlenmiş Üretim Stratejisi

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of nanowires. DEP is used for nanowire analysis, characterization, and for solution-based fabrication of semiconducting devices. The method works by applying an alternating electric field between metallic electrodes. The nanowire formulation is then dropped onto the electrodes which are on an inclined surface to create a flow of the formulation using gravity. The nanowires then align along the gradient of the electric field and in the direction of the liquid flow. The frequency of the field can be adjusted to select nanowires with superior conductivity and lower trap density. 
In this work, flow-assisted DEP is used to create nanowire field effect transistors. Flow-assisted DEP has several advantages: it allows selection of nanowire electrical properties; control of nanowire length; placement of nanowires in specific areas; control of orientation of nanowires; and control of nanowire density in the device. 
The technique can be expanded to many other applications such as gas sensors and microwave switches. The technique is efficient, quick, reproducible, and it uses a minimal amount of dilute solution making it ideal for the testing of novel nanomaterials. Wafer scale assembly of nanowire devices can also be achieved using this technique, allowing large numbers of samples for testing and large-area electronic applications.

In this paper, flow assisted dielectrophoresis is demonstrated for the self-assembly of nanowire devices. The fabrication of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is shown as an example.

Akış yoluyla Dielectrophoresis: Yüksek performanslı çözüm processable Nanowire cihazları imalatı için düşük maliyetli bir yöntem

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-film Solar Cells

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes normally result in very poor cell performance. Embedding or sandwiching silver nanowires using moderately conductive transparent materials, such as indium tin oxide or zinc oxide, can improve cell performance. However, the solution-processed matrix layers can cause a significant number of interfacial defects between transparent electrodes and the CdS buffer, which can eventually result in low cell performance. This manuscript describes how to fabricate robust electrical contact between a silver nanowire electrode and the underlying CdS buffer layer in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell, enabling high cell performance using matrix-free silver nanowire transparent electrodes. The matrix-free silver nanowire electrode fabricated by our method proves that the charge-carrier collection capability of silver nanowire electrode-based cells is as good as that of standard cells with sputtered ZnO:Al/i-ZnO as long as the silver nanowires and CdS have high-quality electrical contact. The high-quality electrical contact was achieved by depositing an additional CdS layer as thin as 10 nm onto the silver nanowire surface.

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in CuIn,GaSe2 Thin-film Solar Cells

In this protocol, we describe the detailed experimental procedure for the fabrication of a robust nanoscale contact between a silver nanowire network and CdS buffer layer in a CIGS thin-film solar cell.

Gümüş Nanowire elektrot ve CD tampon katmanı arasında cu (ın, GA) se2 ince-film güneş pilleri arasında sağlam Nanoölçek temas imalatı

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes ...

Iron Nanowire Fabrication by Nano-Porous Anodized Aluminum and its Characterization

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and data storage. We demonstrate a fabrication method for iron (Fe) nanowires&#160;via electrochemical deposition into anodic&#160;alumina oxide (AAO) templates. The templates are fabricated by anodization of aluminum (Al) discs, and the pore length and diameter are controlled by changing the anodizing conditions. Pores with an average diameter of around 120 nm are created using oxalic acid as the electrolyte. Using this method, cylindrical nanowires are synthesized, which are released by dissolving the alumina using a selective chemical etchant.

In this work, we describe a&#160;protocol to fabricate iron nanowires, including the formation of the porous alumina membrane that is used as the template, electrodeposition into templates using electrolyte solution, and the release of the nanowires into the solution.

Nano-Gözenekli Anodize Alüminyum ve Karakterizasyonu ile Demir Nanowire İmalatı

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and ...