Name: a simple flow cytometry based assay to determine in vitro antibody dependent enhancement of dengue virus using zika virus convalescent serum
Uploaded: 2018-04-10T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum at JoVE.com

O projeto descrito foi apoiado por fundos da Universidade de Ciências da saúde serviços fardado a JJM. As opiniões ou declarações contidas neste documento são os privados dos autores e não são ser interpretado como oficiais ou refletindo as opiniões do departamento de defesa, a Universidade de serviços fardado de Ciências da saúde ou qualquer outra agência dos Estados Unidos Governo.
WGV executadas todas as experiências e analisa os dados; JJM projetou e supervisionou o estudo; WGW e JJM escreveram o jornal.

As amostras de soro usadas para demonstrar o protocolo descrito aqui foram obtidas de macacos rhesus que estavam alojadas e cuidadas de acordo com o local, estado e federais condições em uma associação para avaliação e acreditação do cuidado de Animal de laboratório Internacional (AAALAC)-credenciado com facilidade. Todos os experimentos com animais foram revistos e aprovados pela Comissão de uso e cuidado institucional do Animal e as amostras foram adquiridas através de um protocolo de compartilhamento de tecido.
1. dia-1
Nota: Execute todos os passos descritos abaixo em uma fluxo de laminar estéril biossegurança armário usada para cultura de tecidos em um laboratório BSL-2.
<ol><li>Descongelar as amostras de soro à temperatura ambiente e transferir 100 µ l de cada amostra de soro a um tubo estéril. Calor inativar por 30 min a 56° C em banho-maria ou um thermomixer temperatura ajustável. Fazer 10 vezes seriais diluições da amostra soro variando de 1:1 a 1:1,000 usando frio RPMI-10 (RPMI com 10% de soro fetal bovino).</li>
	<li>Transferência de 10 µ l de amostra de soro diluído em série a cada poço um estéril 96 poços V-da placa de base. Incluem dois conjuntos de controle poços, RPMI-10 com RVPs só e sem amostra de soro e RPMI-10 só que sem RVPs e sem amostra de soro. Configure cada amostra de soro e RPMI-10 controles em triplica.</li>
	<li>Retire a Dengue-1, 2, 3 e 4 RVPs do congelador-80 ° C e descongele-os em banho maria a 37 ° C. Transferi os RVPs descongelados imediatamente em gelo. Obter RVPs aproximadamente 170 µ l de cada amostra de soro (10 µ l de poços RVPs x 3 para cada diluição (1:1, 01:10, 1: 100, 1:1, 000) e 10 µ l de poços RVPs x 3 para cada um dos 10-RPMI com RVP só controlam poços).</li>
	<li>Pipete 10 µ l de RVPs em cada bem a 96 poços V-da placa de base que contém a amostra de soro e o RPMI-10 com poços de controle RVPs (sem soro). Não adicione RVPs ao RPMI-10 só (nenhuma amostra de soro e sem RVP) poços. Misturar cuidadosamente pipetando para cima e para baixo 5-10 vezes. Adicionar 10 µ l frio RPMI-10 em vez de RVPs cada frio RPMI-10 somente (nenhuma amostra de soro e sem RVP) de controle de poços.</li>
	<li>Transferir a placa de V-fundo de 96 poços para uma incubadora e incubar a placa por 1 hora a 37 ° C, na presença de 5% de CO2. Enquanto a placa de 96 poços de V-fundo está incubando, limpe a superfície do armário com etanol a 70% da biossegurança e executar o UV luz por 15 min.</li>
	<li>Remover um balão T75 totalmente confluente de células K562 da incubadora, misturar as células bem usando uma pipeta estéril 5 mL e transferir 5ml de células para um tubo cônico estéril 15 mL. Nota: As células K562 são mantidas em RPMI-10 e repicagem em 1 x 106/mL.</li>
	<li>Contar o número de células por remover 10 µ l células do tubo cônico estéril 15 mL e misturar com o azul de tryphan 10 µ l. Conte as células usando um hemocytometer para determinar o número total de células no tubo cônico de 15 mL.</li>
	<li>Centrifugue a 15ml cónico com células a ~ 1.200 x g durante 10 minutos, decante o sobrenadante e ressuspender as células em RPMI quente-10 em uma concentração de 80.000 µ l de células/30 de mídia (2.66 x 106 células /mL).</li>
	<li>Remova a placa de 96 poços de V-fundo da incubadora (passo 1.6), transferir 30 µ l de células K562 a cada poço da placa de 96 poços V-fundo e homogeneiza pipetando para cima e para baixo 5-10 vezes. Transferir a placa de V-fundo de 96 poços para uma incubadora e incubar a placa por 1 hora a 37 ° C, na presença de 5% de CO2.</li>
	<li>Após incubação por 1h, remova a placa de 96 poços de V-fundo da incubadora e centrifugar ~ 1.200 x g por 5 minutos. Após a centrifugação, decante a mídia dos poços, girando o prato de cabeça para baixo em um recipiente contendo água sanitária 10%.</li>
	<li>Lavar as células em cada poço por resuspending-los em 125 µ l de RPMI-10 quente, misture bem com uma pipeta e centrifugar a placa a ~ 1.200 x g durante 5 min. decantar a mídia girando o prato de cabeça para baixo em um recipiente contendo água sanitária 10%. Repita este passo de lavar duas vezes.</li>
	<li>Após a lavagem, adicionar 100 µ l de morno RPMI-10 a cada misture bem, subindo e descendo com a pipeta e incubar a placa por 48 h a 37 ° C, na presença de 5% de CO2.</li>
</ol>2. dia 3
<ol><li>Remover a placa de V-fundo de 96 poços contendo 100 µ l de células e de mídia/poço da incubadora e movê-lo para uma armário de biossegurança. Usando uma pipeta multicanal, misturar o conteúdo de cada bem e transferir as células e mídia para um fundo bem U 96 placa ou para pre-rotulado tubos polipropileno de 5 mL.</li>
	<li>Enxágue a cada poço em placa de 96 poços V-fundo com 100 µ l de 1% paraformaldeído (PFA) em 1 x fosfato tamponado salino (PBS) e transferência aos respectivos poços no 96 bem U-parte inferior da placa ou polipropileno tubos etiquetados 5ml da etapa 2.1 para produzir uma final concentração de 0,5% PFA/poço ou tubo. Misturar cuidadosamente com uma pipeta multicanal, cubra o prato com papel alumínio e deixe descansar na incubadora durante 30 minutos para consertar as células.</li>
	<li>Preparar o citômetro de fluxo (ver Tabela de materiais , por exemplo) executando imaculadas células K562 para calibrar o lado e espalhe para a frente, juntamente com as configurações de fluorescência. O canal de fluorescência apenas exigido é FL1, como GFP é a única fluorescência emitida a partir das células. Adquirir ~ 30, 000 – 50.000 células de cada amostra. Nota: Qualquer citômetro de fluxo capaz de ler uma única fluorescência pode ser usado para a aquisição de dados, como as células infectadas com RVPs só emitirão fluorescência verde devido à presença de GFP, e nenhum outro canal de fluorescência são necessários.</li>
</ol>3. análise de dados
<ol><li>
Analisar dados adquiridos sobre o citômetro de fluxo usando qualquer software de análise de citometria de fluxo (ver tabela de materiais).
	<ol>
<li>Conjunto o primeiro Portal baseado no FSC-A (dispersão frente – área) vs FSC-H (frente dispersão – altura) para incluir células únicas e excluir autofluorescente parelhas de análise12. Então, portão células dependentes de singlete baseadas no SSC-A (dispersão lateral – área) vs FSC-A para excluir todos os restos de autofluorescent.</li>
		<li>Analisar o SSC-A vs células gated FSC-A para a expressão de GFP baseado no SSC-A vs GFP-A. Determine a porcentagem de células GFP + para cada diluição das amostras de soro e controle definindo um portão ao redor de células GFP +.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Determine a percentagem média de células GFP + para cada diluição da amostra de soro e controle de poços, dividindo a percentagem de células GFP + em poços de três vias por 3.</li>
	<li>Calcule dobra-realce de infecção dividindo a percentagem média de células GFP + nas amostras de soro para cada diluição dividido pela percentagem média de células GFP + na RPMI-10 com poços de controle RVPs (nenhuma amostra de soro).</li>
	<li>Gráfico dobra-realce (eixo y) contra diluição (eixo x) e realizar análise estatística utilizando ANOVA seguida pelo teste post-hoc de Tukey para comparações múltiplas.</li>
</ol>

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	<li>George, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prior+exposure+to+zika+virus+significantly+enhances+peak+dengue-2+viremia+in+rhesus+macaques.">Prior exposure to zika virus significantly enhances peak dengue-2 viremia in rhesus macaques.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 10498 (2017).</li><li>Stettler, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specificity,+cross-reactivity,+and+function+of+antibodies+elicited+by+Zika+virus+infection.">Specificity, cross-reactivity, and function of antibodies elicited by Zika virus infection.</a> Science. 353 (6301), 823-826 (2016).</li><li>Mattia, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dengue+reporter+virus+particles+for+measuring+neutralizing+antibodies+against+each+of+the+four+dengue+serotypes.">Dengue reporter virus particles for measuring neutralizing antibodies against each of the four dengue serotypes.</a> PLoS One. 6 (11), e27252 (2011).</li><li>Chiofalo, M. 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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibody-dependent+enhancement+of+dengue+virus+growth+in+human+monocytes+as+a+risk+factor+for+dengue+hemorrhagic+fever.">Antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus growth in human monocytes as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever.</a> Am J Trop Med Hyg. 40 (4), 444-451 (1989).</li><li>Littaua, R., Kurane, I., Ennis, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+IgG+Fc+receptor+II+mediates+antibody-dependent+enhancement+of+dengue+virus+infection.">Human IgG Fc receptor II mediates antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection.</a> J Immunol. 144 (8), 3183-3186 (1990).</li><li>Wang, T. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IgG+antibodies+to+dengue+enhanced+for+FcgammaRIIIA+binding+determine+disease+severity.">IgG antibodies to dengue enhanced for FcgammaRIIIA binding determine disease severity.</a> Science. 355 (6323), 395-398 (2017).</li><li>Dejnirattisai, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-reacting+antibodies+enhance+dengue+virus+infection+in+humans.">Cross-reacting antibodies enhance dengue virus infection in humans.</a> Science. 328 (5979), 745-748 (2010).</li><li>Kawiecki, A. B., Christofferson, R. 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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amine+reactive+dyes:+an+effective+tool+to+discriminate+live+and+dead+cells+in+polychromatic+flow+cytometry.">Amine reactive dyes: an effective tool to discriminate live and dead cells in polychromatic flow cytometry.</a> J Immunol Methods. 313 (1-2), 199-208 (2006).</li><li>Priyamvada, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=B+Cell+responses+during+secondary+dengue+virus+infection+are+dominated+by+highly+cross-reactive,+memory-derived+plasmablasts.">B Cell responses during secondary dengue virus infection are dominated by highly cross-reactive, memory-derived plasmablasts.</a> J Virol. 90 (12), 5574-5585 (2016).</li><li>Priyamvada, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+antibody+responses+after+dengue+virus+infection+are+highly+cross-reactive+to+Zika+virus.">Human antibody responses after dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive to Zika virus.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113 (28), 7852-7857 (2016).</li></ol>

Os autores não têm nada para divulgar.

Flavivírus como DENV e ZIKV compartilham significativa evidência de homologia em ambas as suas proteínas estruturais e não estruturais que geram anticorpos que reagem de forma cruzada com os outros13,14. Estas respostas de anticorpos cross-reactive têm sido mostradas para melhorar da infecção in vivo e em vitro com um sorotipo heterólogo ou outros relacionados flavivírus1,2. O p...

Reforço de dependente de anticorpos (ADE) da infecção é um processo pelo qual respostas parcialmente cross-reactive anticorpos induzidas por um sorotipo de vírus aumenta a absorção de outro sorotipo do vírus, levando a virémia e aumento de replicação viral. ADE tem sido extensivamente documentada em infecções por vírus (DENV) Dengue onde quatro sorotipos principais são predominantes. Em um subconjunto de pacientes, ADE está associada com febre hemorrágica da Dengue (FHD). Recentemente mostramos que infecção por vírus (ZIKV) Zika induzido níveis significativamente elevados de respostas de anticorpos cross-reactive DENV que causou ADE de DENV em vitro e provavelmente contribuíram para o reforço da virémia no vivoDENV1 , 2. ensaios de realce dependente de anticorpo são uma ferramenta valiosa para avaliar a capacidade dos anticorpos para melhorar a infecção secundária com vírus relacionados e fornecer insights valiosos sobre a patogênese das infecções flavivirus e informar o desenvolvimento de vacinas.
O ensaio descrito aqui usa DENV RVPs juntamente com células K562 que são normalmente inadmissíveis à infecção. RVPs são estruturalmente intacta replicação incompetente DENV partículas virais que codificar um Replicão subgenômica de proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) que manifesta-se após uma única rodada de replicação3. Como tal, as células que são infectadas com RVPs fluorescem verde e podem ser facilmente detectadas usando citometria de fluxo ou microscopia. Os RVPs usadas neste ensaio foram obtidas de fontes comerciais. Eles podem, no entanto, ser gerado contra outros vírus e utilizada no ensaio descrito neste manuscrito. Enquanto isso, as células K562 são uma linhagem de células de leucemia FcγIII-receptor-expressando que se ligam à região Fc dos anticorpos e tornar-se infectado na presença de sub, neutralizando as concentrações de anticorpos4,5.
ADE ensaios têm sido amplamente utilizados em estudos investigando os fatores de risco para dengue grave e para delinear os mecanismos em vitro ADE6,7,8. O ensaio de ADE descrito aqui pode ser rapidamente e facilmente usado para determinar a capacidade do soro para aumentar a infecção em vitro usando RVPs e fluxo cytometry, em comparação com outros ensaios utilizados atualmente, que também exigem a determinação da formação de placa bacteriana unidades (pfu) em células Vero ou mancha do anticorpo de infectados células6,7,8,9,10,11, ambos os quais são demorados e trabalhistas intensiva.

<table><tbody><tr><td>DENV 1-4 RVP</td><td>Integral Molecular</td><td>RVP-501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K562 cells</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CCL-243</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RPMI</td><td>Corning</td><td>10-040-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>GE lifesceinces</td><td>SH 30910.03</td><td>10% FBS in RPMI-10</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>MP biomedicals</td><td>1670049</td><td>100 IU Pen/mL, 100 ug Strep/mL in RPMI-10</td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Cellegro</td><td>25-060-Cl</td><td>0.025M in RPMI-10</td></tr><tr><td>MEM Non-essential Amino Acid Solution (100&amp;times;)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M7145</td><td>1x in RPMI-10</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Pyruvate</td><td>Cellegro</td><td>25-000-Cl</td><td>1mM in RPMI-10</td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>MT25005CI&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile V-bottom plates</td><td>Thomas Scientific</td><td>333-8001-01V</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD Falcon Polypropylene 5 ml FACS tubes</td><td>VWR</td><td>60819-728</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-sterile U-bottom plates</td><td>Falcon</td><td>Ref 353910</td><td>A high throughput alternative to FACS tubes</td></tr><tr><td>5mL, sterile, serological pipette</td><td>Denville</td><td>P7127</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>200uL sterile pipette tips</td><td>Denville</td><td>P3020 CPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20uL sterile pipette tips</td><td>Denville</td><td>P1121</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50-200uL multichannel pipette</td><td>Denville</td><td>P3975-8-B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-50uL multichannel pipette</td><td>Denville</td><td>P3975-9-B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20% formadehyde</td><td>Tousimis</td><td>&amp;nbsp;#1008B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water Bath</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>TSCOL35</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>thermomixer</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>2231000387</td><td>An alternative to a waterbath for heat inactivation</td></tr><tr><td>CO2 Incubator</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>13-998-213</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>E7023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liquid Bleach</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC9724348</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flowjo 9.8</td><td>TreeStar, Inc.</td><td></td><td>Flow cytometry analysis software</td></tr><tr><td>BD FACSDiva 6.1.2</td><td>Becton Dikinson</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD LSR II flow cytometer</td><td>Becton Dikinson</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liquid Bleach</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC9724348</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a simple flow cytometry based assay to determine in vitro antibody dependent enhancement of dengue virus using zika virus convalescent serum

Realce dependente de anticorpo da infecção foi mostrado para jogar um papel importante na patogênese viral de Dengue. Os ensaios tradicionais que medem a capacidade dos anticorpos ou soro para aumentar a infecção em linhas celulares impermissible têm invocado usando saída viral na mídia seguida de ensaios de placa para quantificar a infecção. Mais recentemente, estes ensaios examinaram a infecção por vírus (DENV) Dengue em linhas celulares usando anticorpos fluorescente etiquetados. Ambas as abordagens têm limitações que restringem o uso generalizado destas técnicas. Aqui, descrevemos um ensaio simples em vitro usando Dengue vírus repórter partículas virais (RVPs) que expressam a proteína verde fluorescente e células K562 para examinar o anticorpo dependente do realce (ADE) de infecção DENV usando soro que foi obtido a partir do rhesus macacos de 16 semanas após a infecção com vírus Zika (ZIKV). Esta técnica é confiável, envolve manipulação mínima das células, não envolve a utilização de vírus competente de replicação ao vivo e pode ser executada em um formato de alta taxa de transferência para obter uma leitura quantitativa usando citometria de fluxo. Além disso, este ensaio pode ser facilmente adaptado para examinar o anticorpo dependente do realce (ADE) de outros flavivirus infecções tais como o vírus da febre amarela (YFV), vírus da encefalite equina japonesa (LILICA), vírus do Nilo Ocidental (WNV) etc onde RVPs estão disponíveis. A facilidade de criação de ensaio, analisando os dados e interpretação de resultados tornam altamente receptivos a maioria das configurações de laboratório.

Os soros de 4 do rhesus macaques foram coletadas 16 semanas após a infecção com ZIKV e testaram por seu potencial melhorar o DENV-1, 2, 3 e 4 infecção em células K562. Os animais tiveram virémia pico de ~ 1 x 105 cópias de RNA/mL ZIKV de plasma por dia 3 após infecção que recusou-se a níveis que estavam abaixo do limite de detecção por 7 dias após a infecção. Não virémia foi detectada no plasma a pós-infecção 16 semanas. Em seguida, realizou-se o ensaio da...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum at JoVE.com

A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum

Descreveremos um protocolo simples e fácil para medição de reforço dependente de anticorpo da infecção por Zika vírus soro convalescente usando partículas virais da Dengue vírus repórter.

A citometria de fluxo simples com base em ensaio para determinar In Vitro anticorpo dependente do realce do vírus da Dengue, usando soro convalescente vírus Zika

Antibody dependent enhancement of infection has been shown to play a major role in Dengue viral pathogenesis. Traditional assays that measure the capacity ...

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Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum

8.7K visualizações.  Uniformed Services University. Descreveremos um protocolo simples e fácil para medição de reforço dependente de anticorpo da infecção por Zika vírus soro convalescente usando partículas virais da Dengue vírus repórter.

Vídeo: A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes, causing diseases with similar patient symptoms. However, they have different downstream patient-to-patient transmission potentials, and require very different patient treatments. Thus, recent Zika outbreaks make it urgent to develop tools that rapidly discriminate these viruses in patients and trapped mosquitoes, to select the correct patient treatment, and to understand and manage their epidemiology in real time.
Unfortunately, current diagnostic tests, including those receiving 2016 emergency use authorizations and fast-track status, detect viral RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which requires instrumentation, trained users, and considerable sample preparation. Thus, they must be sent to &#34;approved&#34; reference laboratories, requiring time. Indeed, in August 2016, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) was asking pregnant women who had been bitten by a mosquito and developed a Zika-indicating rash to wait an unacceptable 2 to 4 weeks before learning whether they were infected. We very much need tests that can be done on site, with few resources, and by trained but not necessarily licensed personnel.
This video demonstrates an assay that meets these specifications, working with urine or serum (for patients) or crushed mosquito carcasses (for environmental surveillance), all without much sample preparation. Mosquito carcasses are captured on paper carrying quaternary ammonium groups (Q-paper) followed by ammonia treatment to manage biohazards. These are then directly, without RNA isolation, put into assay tubes containing freeze-dried reagents that need no chain of refrigeration. A modified form of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with target-specific fluorescently tagged displaceable probes produces readout, in 30 min, as a three-color fluorescence signal. This is visualized with a handheld, battery-powered device with an orange filter. Forward contamination is prevented with sealed tubes, and the use of thermolabile uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) in the presence of dUTP in the amplification mixture.

Current multiplexed diagnostics to detect Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses require complex sample preparation and expensive instrumentation, and are difficult to use in low resource environments. We show a diagnostic that uses isothermal amplification with target-specific strand displaceable probes to detect and differentiate these viruses with high sensitivity and specificity.

Multiplexado amplificação isotérmica com base em plataforma de diagnóstica para detectar Dengue 1, Chikungunya e Zika

Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes, causing diseases with similar patient symptoms. However, they have different ...

Bioquímica

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen that is linked to fetal developmental abnormalities such as microcephaly, eye defects, and impaired growth. ZIKV is an RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. ZIKV is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes, but can also be spread by maternal to fetal vertical transmission as well as sexual contact. To date, there are no reliable treatment or vaccine options available to protect those infected by the virus. The development of a reproducible, effective Zika virus infectious cell culture system is critical for studying the molecular mechanisms of ZIKV replication as well as drug and vaccine development. In this regard, a protocol describing a mammalian cell-based in vitro Zika virus culture system for viral production and growth analysis is reported here. Details on the formation of plaques by Zika virus on a cell monolayer and plaque assay for measuring viral titer are presented. Viral genome replication kinetics and double-stranded RNA genome replicatory intermediates are determined. This culture platform was utilized to screen against a library of a small set of cytokines resulting in the identification of interferon-&#945; (IFN-&#945;), IFN-&#946; and IFN-&#947; as potent inhibitors of Zika viral growth. In summary, an in vitro infectious Zika viral culture system and various virological assays are demonstrated in this study, which has the potential to greatly benefit the research community in elucidating further the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and the evolution of viral virulence. Antiviral IFN-alpha can further be evaluated as a prophylactic, post-exposure prophylactic, and treatment option for Zika virus infections in high-risk populations, including infected pregnant women.

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus (ZIKV), an emerging pathogen, is linked to fetal developmental abnormalities and microcephaly. The establishment of an effective infectious cell culture system is crucial for studies of ZIKV replication as well as vaccine and drug development. In this study, various virological assays pertaining to ZIKV are illustrated and discussed.

Virus Zika sistema de cultura celular Infecciosas e do<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Efeito profilático de interferões

Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen that is linked to fetal developmental abnormalities such as microcephaly, eye defects, and impaired growth. ZIKV ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

High-density peptide microarrays allow screening of more than six thousand peptides on a single standard microscopy slide. This method can be applied for drug discovery, therapeutic target identification, and developing of diagnostics. Here, we present a protocol to discover specific Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostic peptides using a high-density peptide microarray. A human serum sample validated for ZIKV infection was incubated with a high-density peptide microarray containing the entire ZIKV protein translated into 3,423 unique 15 linear amino acid (aa) residues with a 14-aa residue overlap printed in duplicate. Staining with different secondary antibodies within the same array, we detected peptides that bind to Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies present in serum. These peptides were selected for further validation experiments. In this protocol, we describe the strategy followed to design, process, and analyze a high-density peptide microarray.

In this protocol, we describe a technique to discover Zika virus specific diagnostic peptides using a high-density peptide microarray. This protocol can readly be adapted for other emerging infectious diseases.

Zika vírus específico diagnóstico Epitope Discovery

High-density peptide microarrays allow screening of more than six thousand peptides on a single standard microscopy slide. This method can be applied for ...

Evaluation of Zika Virus-specific T-cell Responses in Immunoprivileged Organs of Infected Ifnar1-/- Mice

The Zika virus (ZIKV) can induce inflammation in immunoprivileged organs (e.g., the brain and testis), leading to the Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome and damaging the testes. During an infection with the ZIKV, immune cells have been shown to infiltrate into the tissues. However, the cellular mechanisms that define the protection and/or immunopathogenesis of these immune cells during a ZIKV infection are still largely unknown. Herein, we describe methods to evaluate the virus-specific T-cell functionality in these immunoprivileged organs of ZIKV-infected mice. These methods include a) a ZIKV infection and vaccine inoculation in Ifnar1-/- mice; b) histopathology, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry assays to detect the virus infection and inflammation in the brain, testes, and spleen; c) the preparation of a tetramer of ZIKV-derived T-cell epitopes; d) the detection of ZIKV-specific T cells in the monocytes isolated from the brain, testes, and spleen. Using these approaches, it is possible to detect the antigen-specific T cells that have infiltrated into the immunoprivileged organs and to evaluate the functions of these T cells during the infection: potential immune protection via virus clearance and/or immunopathogenesis to exacerbate the inflammation. These findings may also help to clarify the contribution of T cells induced by the immunization against ZIKV.

Evaluation of Zika Virus-specific T-cell Responses in Immunoprivileged Organs of Infected Ifnar1-/- Mice

A protocol to evaluate antigen-specific T-cell responses in the immunoprivileged organs of the Ifnar1-/- murine model for the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is described. This method is pivotal for investigating the cellular mechanisms of the protection and immunopathogenesis of ZIKV vaccines and is also valuable for their efficacy evaluation.

Avaliação das respostas de células T Zika vírus específicos em órgãos Immunoprivileged de infectados Ifnar1- / - ratos

The Zika virus (ZIKV) can induce inflammation in immunoprivileged organs (e.g., the brain and testis), leading to the Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome and ...

Quantification of Antibody-dependent Enhancement of the Zika Virus in Primary Human Cells

The recent emergence of the flavivirus Zika and neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome and microcephaly in infants, has brought serious public safety concerns. Among the risk factors, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) poses the most significant threat, as the recent re-emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily in areas where the population has been exposed and is in a state of pre-immunity to other closely related flaviviruses, especially dengue virus (DENV). Here, we describe a protocol for quantifying the effect of human serum antibodies against DENV on ZIKV infection in primary human cells or cell lines.

We describe a method to evaluate the effect of pre-existing immunity against dengue virus on the Zika virus infection by using human serum, primary human cells, and infection quantification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Quantificação de realce dependente de anticorpo do vírus nas células humanas primárias Zika

The recent emergence of the flavivirus Zika and neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome and microcephaly in infants, has brought ...

Isolation and Quantification of Zika Virus from Multiple Organs in a Mouse

The methods being presented demonstrate laboratory procedures for the isolation of organs from Zika virus infected animals and the quantification of viral load. The purpose of the procedure is to quantify viral titers in peripheral and CNS areas of the mouse at different time points post infection or under different experimental conditions to identify virologic and immunological factors that regulate Zika virus infection. The organ isolation procedures demonstrated allow for both focus forming assay quantification and quantitative PCR assessment of viral titers. The rapid organ isolation techniques are designed for the preservation of virus titer. Viral titer quantification by focus forming assay allows for the rapid throughput assessment of Zika virus. The benefit of the focus forming assay is the assessment of infectious virus, the limitation of this assay is the potential for organ toxicity reducing the limit of detection. Viral titer assessment is combined with quantitative PCR, and using a recombinant RNA copy control viral genome copy number within the organ is assessed with low limit of detection. Overall these techniques provide an accurate rapid high throughput method for the analysis of Zika viral titers in the periphery and CNS of Zika virus infected animals and can be applied to the assessment of viral titers in the organs of animals infected with most pathogens, including Dengue virus.

The goal of the protocol is to demonstrate the techniques used to investigate viral disease by isolating and quantifying Zika virus, from multiple organs in a mouse following infection.

Isolamento e quantificação do vírus Zika de múltiplos órgãos em um mouse

The methods being presented demonstrate laboratory procedures for the isolation of organs from Zika virus infected animals and the quantification of viral ...

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

The procedures presented describe a generalized methodology to infect Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with Zika virus under laboratory conditions to determine the rate of infection, disseminated infection, and potential transmission of the virus in the mosquito population in question. These procedures are widely utilized with various modifications in vector competence evaluations globally. They are important in determining the potential role that a given mosquito (i.e., species, population, individual) may play in the transmission of a given agent.

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

The presented protocol can determine the vector competence of Aedes aegypti mosquito populations for a given virus, such as Zika, in a containment setting.

Análises de competência vetorial sobre mosquitos Aedes aegypti que usam zika vírus

The procedures presented describe a generalized methodology to infect Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with Zika virus under laboratory conditions to determine ...

Virus Propagation and Cell-Based Colorimetric Quantification

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. ZIKV infection has been associated with congenital brain abnormalities and potentially Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome in adults. Research on ZIKV to understand the disease mechanisms is important to facilitate vaccine and treatment development. The method of quantifying viruses is crucial and fundamental in the field of virology. The focus forming assay (FFA) is a virus quantification assay that detects the viral antigen with antibodies and identifies the infection foci of cells using the peroxidase immunostaining technique. The current study describes the virus propagation and quantification protocol using both 24-well and 96-well (high throughput) formats. Compared with other similar studies, this protocol has further described foci size optimization, which can serve as a guide to expand the use of this assay for other viruses. Firstly, ZIKV propagation is performed in Vero cells for 3 days. The culture supernatant containing ZIKV is harvested and quantitated using the FFA. Briefly, the virus culture is inoculated onto Vero cells and incubated for 2-3 days. Foci formation is then determined after optimized staining processes, including cell fixation, permeabilization, blocking, antibody binding, and incubation with peroxidase substrate. The stained virus foci are visualized using a stereo microscope (manual counting in 24-well format) or software analyzer (automated counting in 96-well format). The FFA provides reproducible, relatively fast results (3-4 days) and is suitable to be used for different viruses, including non-plaque-forming viruses. Subsequently, this protocol is useful for the study of ZIKV infection and could be used to detect other clinically important viruses.

The present protocol describes the propagation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Vero African green monkey kidney cells and the quantification of ZIKV using cell-based colorimetric immunodetection methods in 24-well and 96-well (high throughput) formats.

Propagação de vírus e quantificação colorimétrica baseada em células

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. ZIKV infection has been associated with congenital brain abnormalities and ...

Cell-Based Electrical Impedance Platform to Evaluate Zika Virus Inhibitors in Real Time

Cell-based electrical impedance (CEI)&#160;technology measures changes in impedance caused by a growing or manipulated adherent cell monolayer on culture plate wells embedded with electrodes. The technology can be used to monitor the consequences of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and adherent cell replication in real time, as this virus is highly cytopathogenic. It is a straightforward assay that does not require the use of labels or invasive methods and has the benefit of providing real-time data. The kinetics of ZIKV infection are highly dependent on the employed cell line, virus strain, and multiplicity of infection (MOI), which cannot be easily studied with conventional endpoint assays. Furthermore, the CEI assay can also be used for the evaluation and characterization of antiviral compounds, which can also have dynamic inhibitory properties over the course of infection. This methods article gives a detailed explanation of the practical execution of the CEI assay and its potential applications in ZIKV research and antiviral research in general.

Here, we demonstrate the use of cell-based electrical impedance (CEI) as a very easy and straightforward method to study Zika virus infection and replication in human cells in real time. Furthermore, the CEI assay is useful for the evaluation of antiviral compounds.

Plataforma de impedância elétrica baseada em células para avaliar inibidores do vírus Zika em tempo real

Cell-based electrical impedance (CEI)&#160;technology measures changes in impedance caused by a growing or manipulated adherent cell monolayer on culture ...

An In Vitro Assay for Screening Interferons as Potent Inhibitors of Zika Virus Growth

Source: Contreras, D. et al., <a href="https://appjove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/54767">Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2016)
The video demonstrates an in vitro assay for screening interferons with antiviral activity against the Zika virus, a human pathogen. Within the host cell, the Zika virus undergoes multiplication upon internalization, infecting neighboring cells and creating distinct zones or viral plaques. Type I interferon, acting as an antiviral agent, hinders virus multiplication, thereby preventing the formation of viral plaques in the host cell monolayer.

Um ensaio in vitro para triagem de interferons como inibidores potentes do crescimento do vírus Zika

1. Screening Cytokine Library against Zika Virus Infection

	Seed naive Vero cells at 1 x 105 cells per well using a 12-well plate. Once the cells are ...

A citometria de fluxo simples com base em ensaio para determinar In Vitro anticorpo dependente do realce do vírus da Dengue, usando soro convalescente vírus Zika

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