Chapter 16
Analyzing Gene Expression and Function
Mutageneza in vitro
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating ...
Badania genetyczne
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a ...
Krzyż testowy
Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
An allele is ...
Testy komplementarne
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by ...
Polimorfizmy pojedynczego nukleotydu-SNP
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent ...
Transformacja bakteryjna
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two ...
Organizmy transgeniczne
Overview
Transgenic organisms are genetically engineered to carry transgenes—genes from a different species—as part of their genome. The ...
Klonowanie reprodukcyjne
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by ...
Technologia CRISPR (CRISPR)
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific ...
Eksperymentalne RNAi
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. ...
Geny reportera
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually ...
Hybrydyzacja in-situ
In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled ...
Immunoprecypitacja chromatyny - ChIP
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or ...
Biologia syntetyczna
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, ...
Profilowanie rybosomów
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences ...
Rośliny transgeniczne
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically ...
Terapia genowa
Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy ...
Analiza epistazy
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of ...
Badania asocjacyjne całego genomu-GWAS
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more ...
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