Chapitre 16
Analyser l'expression et la fonction des gènes
Mutagénèse in vitro
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating ...
Criblages génétiques
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a ...
Croisement test
Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
An allele is ...
Tests de complémentation
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by ...
polymorphismes d'un seul nucléotide - SNP
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent ...
Transformation bactérienne
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two ...
Organismes transgéniques
Overview
Transgenic organisms are genetically engineered to carry transgenes—genes from a different species—as part of their genome. The ...
Clonage de reproduction
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by ...
CRISPR
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific ...
ARNi expérimental
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. ...
Gènes rapporteurs
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually ...
Hybridation in-situ
In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled ...
Immunoprécipitation de chromatine (ChIP)
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or ...
Biologie synthétique
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, ...
Profilage ribosomique
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences ...
Plantes transgéniques
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically ...
Thérapie génique
Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy ...
Analyse de l’épistasie
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of ...
Étude d’association pangénomique - GWAS
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more ...
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