이 작품 연구 간 질 (부여 번호 35489);에 대 한 미국 시민에 의해 지원 되었다 건강의 국가 학회 (부여 번호 R01NS100954, R01NS099188); 루이지애나 주립 대학 건강 과학 센터 말 콤 Feist 박사 화목 하 고.

<ol>
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저자는 공개 없다.

유물에서 무료로 고품질 EEG ECG 녹음을 얻기 위해 모든 예방 조치는 저하 또는 이식된 전극과 와이어의 풀림을 방지 하기 위해 취해야 한다. 뇌 파 머리 이식 되 느슨한, 두뇌와 와이어 접촉 감소 신호 진폭을 선도 저하 됩니다. 느슨한 임 플 란 트 또는 가난한 와이어 연락처 운동 유물과 배경 잡음 기록에 소개 전기 신호의 왜곡을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 머리 이식의 잠재적인 완화 방지, 최대한의 강?...

Electroencephalography (뇌 파)와 심전도 (ECG)는 각각 vivo에서 뇌와 심장 기능을 평가 하기 위한 강력 하 고 널리 사용 되는 기법. 뇌 파 전극을 두 피1에 연결 하 여 전기 두뇌 활동의 기록 이다. 비-침략 적 뇌 파를 기록 하는 신호 전압 변동을 summated 흥분 성의 억제 postsynaptic 잠재력 주로 대뇌 피 질의 각 추 모양 신경1,2에 의해 생성 된에서 발생 하는 나타냅니다. 뇌 파를 평가 하 고 간 질3,4환자 관리에 대 한 가장 일반적인 neurodiagnostic 테스트입니다. 간 질 발작 부재 발작 등 비 경련 상태 epilepticus5,6명백한 경련 행동 발현 없이 발생 하는 경우 특히 유용 합니다. 반대로, 비 간 질 관련 경련 에피소드 나 의식의 손실에 지도 하는 조건 없이 비디오-뇌 파 모니터링7간 질 발작으로 오진 될 수 있습니다. 간 질 분야에서의 유용성 뿐만 아니라 뇌 파는 또한 널리 이용 관련 된 수 면 장애, encephalopathies, 및 메모리 장애, 비정상적인 두뇌 활동을 감지 하로 수술2 중 전신 마 취를 보완 하기 위해 , 8 , 9.
뇌 파, 심전도 달리 (또는 그것으로 심전도 때때로 약식)10심장 전기 활동의 기록 이다. ECGs 사지 사지와 가슴 벽, 수축과 이완10,11의 각 심장 주기 동안 심근에 의해 생성 된 전압 변화의 감지 수 있는 전극을 연결 하 여 일반적으로 수행 됩니다. P 파, 복잡 한 QRS 및 T 파, 도발은 심 방, 심 실 도발은, 및 심 실 repolarization, 각각10, 에 해당 하는 ECG 파형의 기본 구성 정상 심장 주기 포함 11. 정기적으로 심장 부정맥 및 심장 전도 시스템12의 결함을 식별 하는 ECG 모니터링. 간 질 환자 중, ECG를 사용 하 여 잠재적으로 생명을 위협 하는 부정맥을 식별의 중요성은 증폭 된다 이후 그들은 갑자기 심장 마비, 간 질13, 갑자기 예기치 않은 죽음의 위험이 크게 증가 , 1415.
그들의 임상 응용 프로그램 뿐만 아니라 뇌 파 및 심전도 기록의 질병 마우스 모델에서 뇌와 심장 기능 장애를 식별 하는 데 필수적인 도구 되고있다. 전통적으로 이러한 기록을 별도로 수행 되었습니다, 하지만 여기 우리가 쥐에 동시에 기록 비디오, 뇌 파, 심전도를 기술 설명. 여기 상세한 동시 비디오-뇌 파-ECG 메서드는 마우스의 머리에 이식된 전극은 녹음 장비에 유선 테더 녹음 구성을 활용 합니다. 역사적으로,이 곁에, 또는 유선, 구성 표준 되었으며 가장 광범위 하 게 사용 하는 방법 쥐; 뇌 파 기록에 대 한 그러나, 무선 뇌 파 원격 측정 시스템 최근에 개발도 하 고 인기16에서 얻고 있다.
무선 뇌 파 시스템에 비해, 테더 배열 원하는 응용 프로그램에 따라 바람직 할 수 있습니다 몇 가지 기술적인 장점을 있습니다. 이러한 장점이 포함 뇌 파 또는 다른 biopotentials; 기록에 대 한 채널의 더 많은 수 낮은 전극 비용; 전극 disposability; 적은 민감성 신호 손실; 그리고 더 큰 주파수 대역폭 (즉., 샘플링 속도) 녹음17의. 제대로, 테더 녹음 방법을 여기에 설명 된은 높은 품질, 유물-뇌 파, 자유롭고 ECG 데이터 행동 모니터링에 대 한 해당 비디오와 동시에. 신경, 심장, 식별 하기 위해 다음이 뇌 파 및 심전도 데이터를 수집한 수 또는 neurocardiac 이상 발작, 뇌 파의 변화 등 파워 스펙트럼, 심장 유도 블록 (즉., 심장 박동을 생략), 심장 박동의 변화에서 변화. 이러한 뇌 파 ECG 양적 방법의 응용 프로그램 입증, 선물이 예 실험 Kcna1 녹아웃 (-/-)를 사용 하 여 마우스. Kcna1 -/- 생쥐 전압 개폐 Kv1.1 α-소 단위 부족 하 고 결과적으로 자발적인 발작, 심장 기능 장애, 조기 사망, 그들의 해로운 동시 EEG ECG 평가 대 한 이상적인 모델 간 연결 만들기 전시 neurocardiac 장애입니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>VistaVision stereozoom dissecting microscope</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dolan-Jenner MI-150 microscopy illuminator, with ring light</td><td>VWR</td><td>MI-150RL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CS Series scale</td><td>Ohaus</td><td>CS200</td><td>for weighing animal</td></tr><tr><td>T/Pump professional</td><td>Stryker</td><td></td><td>recirculating water heat pad system</td></tr><tr><td>Ideal Micro Drill</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instruments</td><td>RS-6300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ideal Micro Drill Burr Set</td><td>Cell Point Scientific</td><td>60-1000</td><td>only need the 0.8-mm size</td></tr><tr><td>electric trimmer</td><td>Wahl</td><td>9962</td><td>mini clipper</td></tr><tr><td>tabletop vise</td><td>Eclipse Tools</td><td>PD-372</td><td>PD-372 Mini-tabletop suction vise</td></tr><tr><td>fine scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14058-11</td><td>ToughCut, Straight, Sharp/Sharp, 11.5 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Crile-Wood needle holder</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>12003-15</td><td>Straight, Serrated, 15 cm, with lock - For applying wound clips</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #7 forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11297-00</td><td>Standard Tips, Curved, Dumostar, 11.5 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Adson forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11006-12</td><td>Serrated, Straight, 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Olsen-Hegar needle holder with suture cutter</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>12002-12</td><td>Straight, Serrated, 12 cm, with lock</td></tr><tr><td>scalpel handle #3</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>10003-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>surgical blades #15</td><td>Havel&#039;s</td><td>FHS15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 surgical suture</td><td>Unify</td><td>S-N618R13</td><td>non-absorbable, monofilament, black</td></tr><tr><td>gauze sponges</td><td>Coviden</td><td>2346</td><td>12 ply, 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm</td></tr><tr><td>cotton-tipped swabs</td><td>Constix</td><td>SC-9</td><td>15.2-cm total length</td></tr><tr><td>super glue&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Loctite</td><td>LOC1364076</td><td>gel control</td></tr><tr><td>Michel wound clips, 7.5mm</td><td>Kent Scientific</td><td>INS700750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polycarboxylate dental cement kit</td><td>Prime-dent</td><td>010-036</td><td>Type 1 fine grain</td></tr><tr><td>tuberculin syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309623</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polyethylene tubing</td><td>Intramedic</td><td>427431</td><td>PE160, 1.143 mm (ID) x 1.575 mm (OD)</td></tr><tr><td>chlorhexidine&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C9394</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ethanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>E7023-500ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Puralube vet ointment</td><td>Dechra Veterinary Products</td><td></td><td>opthalamic eye ointment</td></tr><tr><td>mouse anesthetic cocktail</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ketamine (80 mg/kg), Xylazine (10 mg/kg), and Acepromazine (1 mg/kg)</td></tr><tr><td>carprofen</td><td></td><td></td><td>Rimadyl (trade name)</td></tr><tr><td>HydroGel</td><td>ClearH20</td><td>70-01-5022</td><td>hydrating gel; 56-g cups</td></tr><tr><td>Ponemah&amp;nbsp; software</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td></td><td>data acquisition and analysis software; version 5.2 or greater with Electrocardiogram Module</td></tr><tr><td>7700 Digital Signal conditioner</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12 Channel Isolated Bio-potential Pod</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>fish tank</td><td>Topfin</td><td></td><td>for use as recording chamber; 20.8 gallon aquarium; 40.8 cm (L) X 21.3 cm (W) X 25.5 cm (H)</td></tr><tr><td>Digital Communication Module (DCOM)</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td>13-7715-70</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12 Channel Isolated Bio-potential Pod</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td>12-7770-BIO12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>serial link cable</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td>J03557-20</td><td>connects DCOM to bio-potential pod</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Interface (ACQ-7700USB)</td><td>Data Sciences International</td><td>PNM-P3P-7002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>network video camera</td><td>Axis Communications</td><td></td><td>P1343, day/night capability</td></tr><tr><td>8-Port Gigabit Smart Switch</td><td>Cisco</td><td>SG200-08</td><td>8-port gigabit ethernet swith with 4 power over ethernet supported ports (Cisco Small Business 200 Series)</td></tr><tr><td>10-pin male nanoconnector with guide post hole</td><td>Omnetics</td><td>NPS-10-WD-30.0-C-G</td><td>electrode for implantation on the mouse head</td></tr><tr><td>10-socket female nanoconnector with guide post</td><td>Omnetics</td><td>NSS-10-WD-2.0-C-G</td><td>connector for electrode implant</td></tr><tr><td>1.5-mm female touchproof connector cables</td><td>PlasticsOne</td><td>441</td><td>1 signal, gold-plated; for connecting the wiring from the head-mount implant to the bio-potential pod</td></tr><tr><td>soldering iron</td><td>Weller</td><td>WESD51 BUNDLE</td><td>digital soldering station</td></tr><tr><td>solder</td><td>Bernzomatic</td><td>327797</td><td>lead free, silver bearing, acid flux core solder</td></tr><tr><td>heat shrink tubing</td><td>URBEST</td><td></td><td>collection of tubing with 1.5- to 10-mm internal diameters</td></tr><tr><td>heat gun</td><td>Dewalt</td><td>D26960</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mounting tape (double-sided)</td><td>3M Scotch</td><td>MMM114</td><td>114/DC Heavy Duty Mounting Tape, 2.54 cm x 1.27 m&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>desktop computer</td><td>Dell</td><td></td><td>recommended minimum requirements: 3rd Gen Intel Core i7-3770 processor with HD4000 graphics; 4 GB RAM, 1 GB AMD Radeon HD 7570 video card; 1 TB hard drive; Windows 7 OS&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>permanent marker</td><td>Sharpie</td><td>37001</td><td>black color, ultra fine point</td></tr><tr><td>toothpicks</td><td></td><td></td><td>for mixing and applying the polycarboxylate dental cement</td></tr><tr><td>LabChart Pro software</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td></td><td>power spectrum software; version 8.1.3 or greater</td></tr><tr><td>Kubios HRV software</td><td>Univ. of Eastern Finland</td><td></td><td>HRV analysis software; version 2.2</td></tr><tr><td>Notepad</td><td>Microsoft</td><td></td><td>simple text editor software</td></tr></tbody></table>

simultaneous video-eeg-ecg monitoring to identify neurocardiac dysfunction in mouse models of epilepsy

간 질, 발작 심장 박동 변화, 유도 블록, asystoles, 및 잠재적으로 간 (SUDEP)에 갑자기 예기치 않은 죽음의 위험을 증가 시킬 수 있는 부정맥 같은 심장 리듬을 교란을 보여주고 수 있습니다. Electroencephalography (뇌 파)와 심전도 (ECG)는 비정상적인 두뇌 및 환자의 심장 리듬에 대 한 모니터링 널리 임상 진단 도구입니다. 여기, 동시에 기록 비디오, 뇌 파, 심전도 측정 동작, 뇌, 심장 활동을 마우스에 각각, 기술을 설명 합니다. 여기에 설명 된 기술을 활용 한 테더 마우스의 머리에 이식된 전극 녹음 장비에 유선은 녹화 구성 (즉, 유선). 무선 원격 측정 시스템 기록에 비해, 밧줄된 배치 보유 뇌 파 또는 다른 biopotentials; 기록에 대 한 채널의 더 많은 가능한 수 등 여러 기술적인 장점 낮은 전극 비용; 그리고 기록의 더 큰 주파수 대역폭 (즉, 샘플링 속도). 이 기술의 기본 plethysmography 근육 및 호흡 활동의 평가 대 한 전도 (EMG) 등 다른 biosignals를 각각 기록에 맞게 쉽게 수정 수 있습니다 또한. EEG ECG 기록 수행 하는 방법을 설명 하는, 뿐만 아니라 우리는 또한 발작, 뇌 파 스펙트럼 전력, 심장 기능 및 우리와 함께 마우스를 사용 하 여 예제 실험에서 설명 하는 심장 박동의 변화에 대 한 결과 데이터를 계량 하는 방법 자세히 Kcna1 유전자 삭제 때문의 간 질 비디오-뇌 파-ECG 모니터링 간 질 또는 다른 신경 질환 마우스 모델에서 뇌, 심장, 또는 뇌-심장 상호 작용의 수준에서 장애를 식별 하는 강력한 도구를 제공 합니다.

결과 표시 됩니다 neurocardiac 이상을 식별 하 뇌 파 ECG 기록에서 데이터를 분석 하는 방법을 설명 하는 Kcna1-/- 마우스 (2 개월)의 24 시간 뇌 파 ECG 기록에 대 한. 부족 전압 개폐 Kv1.1 α-소 단위는 Kcna1 유전자에 의해 설계 된다, 이러한 돌연변이 동물은 간 질의 자주 사용된 유전자 모델 그들은 안정적이 고 자주 일반된 토 닉 clonic 발작 활?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy at JoVE.com

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

여기, 선물이 두뇌를 기록 하 고 동시 비디오를 사용 하 여 마우스에 바이오 신호를 심장에 프로토콜 electroencephalography (뇌 파), 그리고 심전도 (ECG). 우리는 또한 발작, 뇌 파 스펙트럼 전력, 심장 기능, 그리고 심장 박동의 변화에 대 한 결과 뇌 파 ECG 기록 분석 하는 방법을 설명 합니다.

동시 비디오-뇌 파-ECG 모니터링 Neurocardiac 부전 간 질 마우스 모델에서을 식별 하

In epilepsy, seizures can evoke cardiac rhythm disturbances such as heart rate changes, conduction blocks, asystoles, and arrhythmias, which can ...

simultaneous-video-eeg-ecg-monitoring-to-identify-neurocardiac

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

25.2K 조회수.  Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. 여기, 선물이 두뇌를 기록 하 고 동시 비디오를 사용 하 여 마우스에 바이오 신호를 심장에 프로토콜 electroencephalography (뇌 파), 그리고 심전도 (ECG). 우리는 또한 발작, 뇌 파 스펙트럼 전력, 심장 기능, 그리고 심장 박동의 변화에 대 한 결과 뇌 파 ECG 기록 분석 하는 방법을 설명 합니다.

비디오: Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Simultaneous Electroencephalography, Real-time Measurement of Lactate Concentration and Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Activity in the Rodent Cerebral Cortex

Although the brain represents less than 5% of the body by mass, it utilizes approximately one quarter of the glucose used by the body at rest1. The function of non rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), the largest portion of sleep by time, is uncertain. However, one salient feature of NREMS is a significant reduction in the rate of cerebral glucose utilization relative to wakefulness2-4. This and other findings have led to the widely held belief that sleep serves a function related to cerebral metabolism. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism during NREMS remain to be elucidated.
	One phenomenon associated with NREMS that might impact cerebral metabolic rate is the occurrence of slow waves, oscillations at frequencies less than 4 Hz, in the electroencephalogram5,6. These slow waves detected at the level of the skull or cerebral cortical surface reflect the oscillations of underlying neurons between a depolarized/up state and a hyperpolarized/down state7. During the down state, cells do not undergo action potentials for intervals of up to several hundred milliseconds. Restoration of ionic concentration gradients subsequent to action potentials represents a significant metabolic load on the cell8; absence of action potentials during down states associated with NREMS may contribute to reduced metabolism relative to wake.
	Two technical challenges had to be addressed in order for this hypothetical relationship to be tested. First, it was necessary to measure cerebral glycolytic metabolism with a temporal resolution reflective of the dynamics of the cerebral EEG (that is, over seconds rather than minutes). To do so, we measured the concentration of lactate, the product of aerobic glycolysis, and therefore a readout of the rate of glucose metabolism in the brains of mice. Lactate was measured using a lactate oxidase based real time sensor embedded in the frontal cortex. The sensing mechanism consists of a platinum-iridium electrode surrounded by a layer of lactate oxidase molecules. Metabolism of lactate by lactate oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide, which produces a current in the platinum-iridium electrode. So a ramping up of cerebral glycolysis provides an increase in the concentration of substrate for lactate oxidase, which then is reflected in increased current at the sensing electrode. It was additionally necessary to measure these variables while manipulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex, in order to isolate this variable from other facets of NREMS.
	We devised an experimental system for simultaneous measurement of neuronal activity via the elecetroencephalogram, measurement of glycolytic flux via a lactate biosensor, and manipulation of cerebral cortical neuronal activity via optogenetic activation of pyramidal neurons. We have utilized this system to document the relationship between sleep-related electroencephalographic waveforms and the moment-to-moment dynamics of lactate concentration in the cerebral cortex. The protocol may be useful for any individual interested in studying, in freely behaving rodents, the relationship between neuronal activity measured at the electroencephalographic level and cellular energetics within the brain.

A procedure is described for manipulating the activity of cerebral cortical pyramidal neurons optogenetically while the electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and cerebral lactate concentration are monitored. Experimental recordings are performed on cable-tethered mice while they undergo spontaneous sleep/wake cycles. Optogenetic equipment is assembled in our laboratory; recording equipment is commercially available.

동시 Electroencephalography, 설치류 대뇌 피질의 젖산 농도와 Neuronal 활동 Optogenetic 조작의 실시간 측정

Although the brain represents less than 5% of the body  by mass, it utilizes approximately one quarter of the glucose used by the body  at rest1. The ...

연구

신경과학

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

The lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model is well established and has been used to study TBI and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). However, considerable variability has been reported for the specific parameters used in different studies that have employed this model, making it difficult to harmonize and interpret the results between laboratories. For example, variability has been reported regarding the size and location of the craniectomy, how the Luer lock hub is placed relative to the craniectomy, the atmospheric pressure applied to the dura and the duration of the pressure pulse. Each of these parameters can impact injury severity, which directly correlates with the incidence of PTE. This has been manifested as a wide range of mortality rates, righting reflex times and incidence of convulsive seizures reported. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the method we have used to help facilitate harmonization between studies. We used FPI in combination with a wireless EEG telemetry system to continuously monitor for electrographic changes and detect seizure activity.&#160; FPI is induced by creating a 5 mm craniectomy over the left hemisphere, between the Bregma and Lambda and adjacent to the lateral ridge. A Luer lock hub is secured onto the skull over the craniectomy. This hub is connected to the FPI device, and a 20-millisecond pressure pulse is delivered directly to the intact dura through pressure tubing connected to the hub via a twist lock connector. Following recovery, rats are re-anesthetized to remove the hub. Five 0.5 mm, stainless steel EEG electrode screws are placed in contact with the dura through the skull and serve as four recording electrodes and one reference electrode. The electrode wires are collected into a pedestal connector which is secured into place with bone cement. Continuous video/EEG recordings are collected for up to 4 weeks post TBI.

Here we present a protocol to induce severe TBI with the lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model in adult, male Wistar rats. We also demonstrate the use of a wireless telemetry system to collect continuous video-EEG recordings and monitor for epileptiform discharges consistent with post-traumatic epileptogenesis.&#160;

무선 비디오-EEG 시스템 사용으로 측면 유체-타악기 유도 외상성 뇌 손상 다음 간질 방전 모니터링

The lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model is well established and has been used to study TBI and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). However, ...

행동분석학

Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. TBI can result in a focal or diffuse brain injury. Focal injury is a result of direct mechanical forces, sometimes penetrating through the cranium, creating a direct lesion in the brain tissue. These are visible during brain imaging as areas with contusion, laceration, and hemorrhage. Focal lesions induce neuronal death and glial scar formation and are present in 20%&minus;25% of all people who incur a TBI. However, in the majority of TBI cases, injury is caused by acceleration-deceleration forces and subsequent tissue shearing, resulting in nonfocal, diffuse damage. A subpopulation of TBI patients continues to develop post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) after a latency period of months or years. Currently, it is impossible to predict which patients will develop PTE, and seizures in PTE patients are challenging to control, necessitating further research. Until recently, the field was limited to only two animal/rodent models with validated spontaneous post-traumatic seizures, both presenting with large focal lesions with massive tissue loss in the cortex and sometimes subcortical structures. In contrast to these approaches, it was determined that diffuse TBI induced using a modified weight drop model is sufficient to initiate development of spontaneous convulsive and non-convulsive seizures, even in the absence of focal lesions or tissue loss. Similar to human patients with acquired post-traumatic epilepsy, this model presents with a latency period after injury before seizure onset. In this protocol, the community will be provided with a new model of post-traumatic epilepsy, detailing how to induce diffuse non-lesional TBI followed by continuous long-term video-electroencephalographic animal monitoring over the course of several months. This protocol will detail animal handling, the weight drop procedure, the electrode placement for two acquisition systems, and the frequent challenges encountered during each of the steps of surgery, postoperative monitoring, and data acquisition.

This systematic protocol describes a new animal model of post-traumatic epilepsy after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. The first part details steps for traumatic brain injury induction using a modified weight drop model. The second part provides instructions on the surgical approach for single- and multi-channel electroencephalographic data acquisition systems.

반복적 확산 외상성 뇌 손상의 마우스 모델에서 외상 후 간질 유도

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. TBI can result in a focal or diffuse brain injury. Focal injury is a result of ...

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Brainwaves amplitude obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) has been well-recognized as a basis for cognitive capacity, memory, and learning on animals and humans. Adult neurogenesis mechanism is also linked to memory and learning improvement. Traditionally, researchers used to assess learning and memory parameters in rodent models by behavioral tasks. Therefore, the simultaneous monitoring of behavioral changes and EEG is particularly interesting in correlating data between brain activity and task-related behaviors. However, most of the equipment required to perform both studies are either complex, expensive, or uses a wired setup network that hinders the natural animals&#8217; movement. In this study, EEG was recorded with a wireless electrophysiology device along with the execution of a novel object recognition task (NORT). The animal&#8217;s behavior was monitored simultaneously by a video tracking system. Both recordings were analyzed offline by their timestamps which were synched to link EEG signals with the animal&#8217;s actions. Subjects consist of adult Wistar rats after medium-term environmental enrichment treatment. Six skull screw electrodes were fixed in pairs on both hemispheres over frontal, central, and parietal regions and were referenced to an electrode located posterior of the nasal bone. NORT protocol consists of exposing the animal to two identical objects for 10 min. After 2 h and 24 h, one of the objects was replaced with a novel one. Exploration time for each object was monitored by a behavioral tracking software (BTS) and EEG data recording. The analysis of the EEG synced with behavioral data consists of estimations of alpha and beta relative band power and comparisons between novel object recognition versus familiar object exploration, between three experimental stages. In this manuscript, we have discussed electrodes manufacturing process, epidural electrodes implantation surgery, environmental enrichment protocol, NORT protocol, BTS setup, EEG &#8211; BTS coupling for simultaneous monitoring in real-time, and EEG data analysis based on automatic events detection.

The protocol presented here provides information on the simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioral assessment in real-time. We have discussed all steps involved in this protocol as an attractive solution for researchers in many fields of neuroscience, particularly in learning and memory areas.

해마 신경 발생을 연구하기 위한 도구로서의 무선 전기생리학 및 기억 행동 테스트의 동시 모니터링

Brainwaves amplitude obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) has been well-recognized as a basis for cognitive capacity, memory, and learning on ...

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Many progressive neurologic diseases in humans, such as epilepsy, require pre-clinical animal models that slowly develop the disease in order to test interventions at various stages of the disease process. These animal models are particularly difficult to implement in immature rodents, a classic model organism for laboratory study of these disorders. Recording continuous EEG in young animal models of seizures and other neurological disorders presents a technical challenge due to the small physical size of young rodents and their dependence on the dam prior to weaning. Therefore, there is not only a clear need for improving pre-clinical research that will better identify those therapies suitable for translation to the clinic but also a need for new devices capable of recording continuous EEG in immature rodents. Here, we describe the technology behind and demonstrate the use of a novel miniature telemetry system, specifically engineered for use in immature rats or mice, which is also effective for use in adult animals.

Here we demonstrate the use of a wireless enabling technology for electroencephalogram (EEG) in neonatal rodent models of human disease. With telemetry, there are no encumbering connections, thus allowing natural behaviors.

신기원 무선 송신기 시스템을 사용하여 인간의 질병의 작은 설치류 모델에서 장기 연속 뇌파 모니터링

Many progressive neurologic diseases in humans, such as epilepsy, require pre-clinical animal models that slowly develop the disease in order to test ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) is frequently selected to recapitulate spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Here we present a protocol of SE induction by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pilocarpine and monitoring of chronic recurring seizures in live animals using a wireless telemetry video and electroencephalogram (EEG) system. We demonstrated notable behavioral changes that need attention after pilocarpine injection and their correlation with hippocampal neuronal loss at 7 days and 6 weeks post-pilocarpine. We also describe the experimental procedures of electrode implantation for video and EEG recording, and analysis of the frequency and duration of chronic recurrent seizures. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons why the expected results are not achieved in each case. This provides a basic overview of modeling chronic epilepsy in mice and guidelines for troubleshooting. We believe this protocol can serve as a baseline for suitable models of chronic epilepsy and epileptogenesis.

This manuscript describes a method of inducing status epilepticus by systemic pilocarpine injection and of monitoring spontaneous recurrent seizures in live animals using a wireless telemetry video and electroencephalogram system. This protocol can be utilized for studying the pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and acute seizures.

측 두 엽 간 질 및 뇌 파 마우스에 Radiotelemetry 시스템을 사용 하 여 모니터링 Pilocarpine 모델

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...

의학

Continuous Video Electroencephalogram during Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice

Hypoxia ischemia is the most common cause of neonatal seizures. Animal models are crucial for understanding the mechanisms and physiology underlying neonatal seizures and hypoxia ischemia. This manuscript describes a method for continuous video electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring in neonatal mice to detect seizures and analyze EEG background during hypoxia ischemia. Use of video and EEG in conjunction allows description of seizure semiology and confirmation of seizures. This method also allows analysis of power spectrograms and EEG background pattern trends over the experimental time period. In this hypoxia ischemia model, the method allows EEG recording prior to injury to obtain a normative baseline and during injury and recovery. Total monitoring time is limited by the inability to separate pups from the mother for longer than four hours. Although, we have used a model of hypoxic-ischemic seizures in this manuscript, this method for neonatal video EEG monitoring could be applied to diverse disease and seizure models in rodents.

This manuscript describes a method for continuous video EEG recordings using multiple depth electrodes in neonatal mice undergoing hypoxia-ischemia.

신생아 쥐의 저산소증-허혈 중 연속 비디오 뇌전도

Hypoxia ischemia is the most common cause of neonatal seizures. Animal models are crucial for understanding the mechanisms and physiology underlying ...

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Patients with ion channelopathies are at a high risk of developing seizures and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. There is a higher prevalence of heart disease and arrhythmias in people with epilepsy (i.e., epileptic heart.) Additionally, cardiac and autonomic disturbances have been reported surrounding seizures. 1:1,000 epilepsy patients/year die of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The mechanisms for SUDEP remain incompletely understood. Electroencephalograms (EEG) and electrocardiograms (ECG) are two techniques routinely used in the clinical setting to detect and study the substrates/triggers for seizures and arrhythmias. While many studies and descriptions of this methodology are in rodents, their cardiac electrical activity differs significantly from humans. This article provides a description of a non-invasive method for recording simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography in conscious rabbits. As cardiac electrical function is similar in rabbits and humans, rabbits provide an excellent model of translational diagnostic and therapeutic studies. In addition to outlining the methodology for data acquisition, we discuss the analytical approaches for examining neuro-cardiac electrical function and pathology in rabbits. This includes arrhythmia detection, spectral analysis of EEG and a seizure scale developed for restrained rabbits.

Using simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography, we developed a methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of rabbit models to develop provoked arrhythmias and seizures. This novel recording system establishes a platform to test the efficacy and safety of therapeutics and can capture the complex cascade of multi-system events that culminate in sudden death.

의식 억제 토끼에서 발작, 부정맥 및 무호흡증의 식별을위한 다중 시스템 모니터링

Patients with ion channelopathies are at a high risk of developing seizures and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. There is a higher prevalence of heart disease ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>피하 전극 배치를 사용한 토끼의 연속 EEG/ECG 기록

Surgical Implant Procedure and Wiring Configuration for Continuous Long-Term EEG/ECG Monitoring in Rabbits

A multi-system approach that includes the continuous collection of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings facilitates a comprehensive assessment of electrical activity in the brain and heart, particularly leading up to and surrounding episodic events. Building on our previous protocol that facilitates the collection of intermittent EEG/ECG recordings from conscious restrained rabbits, we developed a protocol for the collection of continuous EEG/ECG recordings from unrestrained rabbits. This new method enables high-quality 24/7 recordings in the housing cage, which captures the normal range of physiological states and enables the rabbits to move, eat, drink, and sleep freely. It enables comprehensive assessments of the prevalence, incidence, and susceptibility to EEG/ECG abnormalities, seizures, arrhythmias, and sudden death. This procedure involves the surgical placement of subdermal electrodes and the design and manufacturing of a robust wiring system that is impervious to damage by the rabbits. The surgical procedure includes two incisions and the sub-dermal tunneling of nine electrodes and wires that exit through a custom-made port. The external connector attaches to a wire harness that includes an electrical swivel, which allows for&#160;free range of rabbit motion throughout its cage. Additionally, the wires are enclosed in a metal sheath suspended by a retractor cable from the ceiling of the rabbit&#39;s cage. The wires are then connected to an amplifier/digitizer for the acquisition of high-quality continuous EEG/ECG recordings.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>토끼의 지속적인 장기 EEG/ECG 모니터링을 위한 외과용 임플란트 절차 및 배선 구성

The study outlines a protocol for the design, manufacturing, and placement of a novel continuous EEG/ECG recording system in rabbits. This hard-wired system allows for continuous EEG/ECG recordings from nine distinct electrodes on the head and chest, which facilitates comprehensive assessments of electrical activity in the brain and heart.