著者らは、寛大にマウス表現型解析方法で彼女の専門知識を共有するため、彼女の継続的な技術支援のため、ならびにための国立心臓、肺、および国立衛生研究所の血液研究所（NHLBI）（NIH）のミケーレ・アレンに感謝したいと思います私たちは、遮蔽装置を開発助けるためNHLBIのティモシー・ハント。この研究は、NIHの看護研究の国立研究所の学内研究部門によってサポートされており、検証試験の一部は社会財団看護オンコロジーからの助成金によってサポートされています。

倫理に関する声明：この研究は、米国立衛生研究所（NIH）動物実験委員会によって承認されました。動物の取り扱いと研究成果の測定に参加するすべての研究者が適切に動物管理使用のNIH事務所と国立心肺血液研究所マウス表現型コアによって訓練されました。本研究で用いたすべての動物実験の側面、住宅、環境条件は実験動物の管理と使用11用のガイドを遵守していました。 1.住宅と実験動物注：ハウス実験を通して個別に（到着時にはおよそ5週齢）の雄C57BL / 6マウスと食物および水を自由摂取のアクセスを提供します。すべてのケージは、光位相が午後6時午前6時と暗期で始まると12：12時間の明暗サイクルで保持されます。 <ol><li>マウスを特定し、個々の標準換気に割り当てますDマウスケージ。回復するための識別手続き後24時間を許可します。 注：テール入れ墨が耳タグが走行輪に引っ掛かる可能性を排除するための識別の手段として推奨されています。マウスのケージに書かれた番号と一致する尾の数字で、各マウスの尾の数刺青。 </li><li> 1日3分間静かに各マウスを扱う、マウスは、少なくとも3日間以上ケージに順応することを可能にします。 </li></ol>ホイール順化およびベースラインを実行している2 <ol><li>個々のVWRAケージ、連続記録のための電子カウンタに接続されたランニングホイールを装備し、それぞれにマウスをご紹介します。 注：すべてのホイールカウンタは、単一のUSBインターフェイスを介してコンピュータに接続する（材料リストを参照してください）。コンピュータソフトウェアは、距離が指定された総duratioの各指定の時間間隔を横切って旅し、平均速度、車輪の回転数を算出し、n個。記録が停止すると、データが自動的にテキストとしてとスプレッドシートの両方として保存されます。 </li><li>コンピュータソフトウェアインタフェースを介してVWRAの記録を開始します。少なくとも5日間に1時間と持続時間に間隔を記録する設定します。少なくとも5日間VWRAを記録し続けます。 注：ステップ2.2の終わりに、すべてのマウスは、毎日の車輪走行活動の比較的一定量を達成する必要があります。そうでない場合には、任意の外れ値を識別して排除します。 </li><li> VWRAはソフトウェアインタフェースを介して記録を停止し、（車輪を実行せずにケージ）ステップ1.1で説明したそれらの標準ケージにマウスを返します。 </li><li>偽照射対照または照射群のいずれかにマウスをランダム。 </li></ol> 3.照射注：3つの連続した日間、1日に1回、両方のグループにすべてのマウスに対して、次の手順を実行します。毎日同じ順序でマウスを扱います。 <ol><li>の腹腔内注射することにより、各マウスを麻酔ケタミン（100mg / kg）およびキシラジン（10mg / kg）の混合物。 </li><li>つま先のピンチで麻酔を確認し、麻酔下ながら乾燥を防ぐために、目に軟膏を使用しています。 </li><li>鉛遮蔽装置に麻酔マウスを転送します。唯一の下腹部/骨盤領域が露出するようにシールドにマウスを配置します。 注：シールドは、それはマウスの小、標的領域への放射線被曝を可能にするの間の狭いオープンスペースで「ボックス」2本のリードで構成されている（ 図1参照）。 </li><li>シールド内の位置でマウスの尾の付け根を確保するために医療用テープを使用してください。 注：ステップ3.4はオプションですが、そうすることが、マウスの位置は、次のステップ中に変化しないことを確実にするのに役立つことができます。 </li><li>シールド内の動物の位置が維持されることを確認して、照射に遮蔽装置を運びます。 </li><li>マウスは照射群である場合、DOSで800センチグレイをお届け約110センチグレイ/分の電子速度。マウスは、偽照射対照群である場合には、等価時間のために非アクティブ照射でマウスを残します。 注：最適な照射装置の設定は、特定のデバイスに依存します。 137セシウム源から送ら110センチグレイ/分の線量率は、ここで使用される照射の中央の線量率です。露光時間は800 cGyで、所望の総用量に達するように調整しました。 </li><li>照射とシールドからマウスを外し、ステップ1.1で説明した元の、標準のケージに戻します。 </li><li>それは胸骨横臥位を維持するのに十分な意識を取り戻したまで継続的にマウスを監視します。 </li></ol> 4.放射線誘発疲労測定<ol><li>照射の3日連続の完了後に日に、ステップ2.1で説明した個々のVWRAケージにマウスを転送します。 </li><li>ここで録音設定を除いて、ステップ2.2で説明したように録音VWRA、15日以上の期間。 15日の終わりには、手動でソフトウェアインタフェースを介してVWRA記録を停止します。 注：各記録期間からのデータは自動的に記録の期間を通して、すべての動物（列）と、すべての間隔（行）のための回転、距離、速度の測定値をそれぞれ含むスプレッドシートとして保存されます。前照射VWRAのための1つ、および照射後VWRAための1：実験の終了時に、記録ソフトウェアによって生成された2つのスプレッドシートがあります。 </li></ol>

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この研究は、学内研究部門、看護研究の国立研究所、国立衛生研究所によってサポートされていました。

我々は、罹患率または死亡率を混乱することなく、マウスにおけるVWRAの減少を誘導するためにターゲット周辺照射を使用してプロトコルを記載しています。重要なことは、単純な遮蔽装置は、骨盤がん患者によって受信された放射線治療を模倣し、一貫して所望の領域を標的とするために、このプロトコルで照射することができます。脳または全身照射8,9<...

がん関連疲労（CRF）は、しばしば癌治療1を受けている患者に影響を与える悲惨な、高価な状態です。疲労は、最近の活性に比例も残りによって軽減でもない、それは気分、意欲、関心、および認知2に関連する擾乱の多種多様に関連付けられています。ヘモグロビンレベルおよび種々のホルモン系の機能である場合においても、炎症およびサイトカインのレベルと相関することが多くの場合に示されているがCRFの生物学的な原因は、不明である（参照Saligan ら 3生物学のレビューのためにCRFの研究）。 動物モデルを用いて制御の研究では、この複雑な条件に関連付けられた動作と生物学を理解するために必要です。一方、腫瘍関連4または化学療法に関連した5、6脂肪igueは齧歯類モデルで研究されている、CRFの病因は、治療特異的であってもよいです。放射線療法に関連するCRFを調べるために、我々のグループは最近、照射疲労7のマウスモデルを開発しました。脳または全身照射8,9を含む既存のCRFモデルとは対照的に、このモデルは、中央駆動型の挙動の変化は、疲労のような、末梢標的照射手順によってトリガすることができる方法を探ります。 ここで説明する手順は、照射による下腹部/骨盤領域を標的とするために、鉛の遮蔽を使用して、骨盤のがん患者に投与、放射線療法をモデル化するために設計されています。しかし、鉛遮蔽または実験動物へのその配置を相対的に変更することによって、この手順は、身体の他の部分の照射をモデル化するために適合させることができます。自主ホイールランニング活動（VWRA）は疲労のようなbehavioを測定するために使用されますR;それが自発的かつ正常な動作10だから、それは他の行動と生物学的試験の同時使用を可能にしなければなりません。我々は、末梢照射明白な病的状態7を引き起こすことなく、マウスにおけるVWRAを低減するのに十分であることを見出しました。このモデルを用いた将来の実験は、免疫および他の生物学的シグナル伝達に対する末梢照射だけでなく、CRFに関連した赤字を生み出すことができる中枢神経系の下流の変化の影響を明らかに役立つことがあります。

<table><tbody><tr><td>C57BL/6 Mice</td><td>Charles River</td><td></td><td>Strain code 027 (http://www.criver.com/products-services/basic-research/find-a-model/c57bl-6n-mouse)</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine HCl</td><td>Putney</td><td></td><td>100 mg/mL stock solution</td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine HCl</td><td>Lloyd Laboratories</td><td></td><td>100 mg/mL stock solution</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent Tattoo System</td><td>AIMS</td><td>ATS-3</td><td>http://animalid.com/lab-animal-identification-systems/ats-3-general-rodent-tattoo-system</td></tr><tr><td>Lead Shielding Apparatus</td><td>(custom made)</td><td></td><td>One-inch thick lead shielding arranged as two boxes with a one-inch thick gap between them for targeted irradiation</td></tr><tr><td>Plexiglass shielding container</td><td>(custom made)</td><td></td><td>Plexiglass container filled with styrofoam. Styrofoam cutouts hold the lead shielding in place.</td></tr><tr><td>GammaCell 40 Exactor</td><td>Best Theratronics</td><td></td><td>http://www.theratronics.ca/product_gamma40.html</td></tr><tr><td>RAD Disk Ultra</td><td>Best Theratronics</td><td></td><td>http://www.theratronics.ca/product_rad.html</td></tr><tr><td>Mouse Single Activity Wheel Chamber</td><td>Lafayette Instrument Company</td><td>#80820</td><td>http://www.lafayetteneuroscience.com/product_detail.asp?itemid=980</td></tr><tr><td>Activity Wheel Counter for Computer Monitoring</td><td>Lafayette Instrument Company</td><td>#86061</td><td>http://www.lafayetteneuroscience.com/product_detail.asp?itemid=1052</td></tr><tr><td>Modular Cable for Wheel Counters</td><td>Lafayette Instrument Company</td><td>#86051-7</td><td>http://www.lafayetteneuroscience.com/product_detail.asp?itemid=1046</td></tr><tr><td>USB Computer Interface for Activity Wheel Counters</td><td>Lafayette Instrument Company</td><td>#86056A</td><td>http://www.lafayetteneuroscience.com/product_detail.asp?itemid=1047</td></tr><tr><td>Activity Wheel Monitor Software</td><td>Lafayette Instrument Company</td><td>#86065</td><td>http://www.lafayetteneuroscience.com/product_detail.asp?itemid=1053</td></tr></tbody></table>

a mouse model of fatigue induced by peripheral irradiation

がん関連疲労（CRF）は、しばしば放射線療法を含む癌治療を受けている患者に影響を与える悲惨な、高価な状態です。ここでは、マウスでの疲労のような挙動を誘発することを目標と周辺照射を使用する方法について説明します。適切なシールドでは、照射は、骨盤の癌を有する個人が受けた放射線治療をモデル化するための努力で、脳を温存、マウスの下腹部/骨盤領域を対象としています。私たちは、明らかな病的状態を引き起こすことなく、自発的ホイールランニング活動（VWRA）により測定したマウスにおける疲労のような挙動を誘導するのに十分な照射線量を提供します。車輪走行がマウスにおいて正常な、自発的な行動であるため、その使用は、他の行動試験または生物学的な対策にはほとんど交絡効果を持っている必要があります。したがって、車輪走行疲労の挙動および生物学的相関を理解するで実現可能な結果の尺度として使用することができます。 CRFは頻繁に共同で複雑な状態であります罹患率、およびおそらく両方癌およびその種々の処理に関連した原因があります。このホワイトペーパーで説明する方法は、疲労のような末梢性トリガーが、集中駆動型行動の開発と持続性を説明することができる生物学的ネットワークを探索するために、より一般的に、CRFの発展に貢献し、放射線誘発性の変化を調査するために有用です。

マウスの3つのバッチは、上記のプロトコルを介して実行されました。 16偽および照射20（2400 cGyで、3×800センチグレイ/日）マウスの合計がありました。照射の3日連続の後、照射群が有意に偽に比べVWRAの低下を示した（混合反復測定ANOVA：照射処理、F 1,13 = 19.233、p &lt;0.001の主な効果）。効果は最低の平均VWRA距離は放射線（ 図2A）の後、三日目に?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Fatigue Induced by Peripheral Irradiation at JoVE.com

A Mouse Model of Fatigue Induced by Peripheral Irradiation

我々は、マウスでの疲労のような挙動を誘発することを目標と周辺照射を使用する方法について説明します。選択された非致死照射線量は、自発的ホイールランニング活動の一週間の削減につながります。

周辺照射による疲労のマウスモデル

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing and costly condition that often affects patients receiving cancer treatments, including radiation therapy. ...

a-mouse-model-of-fatigue-induced-by-peripheral-irradiation

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

7.8K ビュー.  National Institutes of Health. 我々は、マウスでの疲労のような挙動を誘発することを目標と周辺照射を使用する方法について説明します。選択された非致死照射線量は、自発的ホイールランニング活動の一週間の削減につながります。 

ビデオ: A Mouse Model of Fatigue Induced by Peripheral Irradiation

Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the cancers for which survival has not improved substantially in the last few decades. Only 7% of diagnosed patients will survive longer than five years. In order to understand and mimic the microenvironment of pancreatic tumors, we utilized a murine orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer that allows non-invasive imaging of tumor progression in real time. Pancreatic cancer cells expressing green fluorescent protein (PANC-1 GFP) were suspended in basement membrane matrix, high concentration, (e.g., Matrigel HC) with serum-free media and then injected into the tail of the pancreas via laparotomy. The cell suspension in the high concentration basement membrane matrix becomes a gel-like substance once it reaches room temperature; therefore, it gels when it comes in contact with the pancreas, creating a seal at the injection site and preventing any cell leakage. Tumor growth and metastasis to other organs are monitored in live animals by using fluorescence. It is critical to use the appropriate filters for excitation and emission of GFP. The steps for the orthotopic implantation are detailed in this article so researchers can easily replicate the procedure in nude mice. The main steps of this protocol are preparation of the cell suspension, surgical implantation, and whole body fluorescent in vivo imaging. This orthotopic model is designed to investigate the efficacy of novel therapeutics on primary and metastatic tumors.

A procedure to implant green fluorescent protein-expressing pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 GFP) orthotopically into the pancreas of Balb-c Ola Hsd-Fox1nu mice to assess tumor progression and metastasis is presented here.

膵臓がんの蛍光同所性マウスモデル

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the cancers for which survival has not improved substantially in the last few decades. Only 7% of diagnosed patients will ...

がん研究

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue

Fatigue is a common and debilitating condition that affects most cancer patients. To date, fatigue remains poorly characterized with no diagnostic test to objectively measure the severity of this condition. Here we describe an optimized method for assessing mitochondrial function of PBMCs collected from fatigued cancer patients. Using a compact extracellular flux system and sequential injection of respiratory inhibitors, we examined PBMC mitochondrial functional status by measuring basal mitochondrial respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and energy phenotype, which describes the preferred energy pathway to respond to stress. Fresh PBMCs are readily available in the clinical setting using standard phlebotomy. The entire assay described in this protocol can be completed in less than 4 hours without the involvement of complex biochemical techniques. Additionally, we describe a normalization method that is necessary for obtaining reproducible data. The simple procedure and normalization methods presented allow for repeated sample collection from the same patient and generation of reproducible data that can be compared between time points to evaluate potential treatment effects.

Our goal was to develop a practical protocol to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction associated with fatigue in cancer patients. This innovative protocol is optimized for clinical use involving only standard phlebotomy and basic laboratory procedures.

がんに関連した疲労におけるミトコンドリア機能の役割の評価

Fatigue is a common and debilitating condition that affects most cancer patients. To date, fatigue remains poorly characterized with no diagnostic test to ...

The Treadmill Fatigue Test: A Simple, High-throughput Assay of Fatigue-like Behavior for the Mouse

Fatigue is a prominent symptom in many diseases and disorders and reduces quality of life for many people. The lack of clear pathogenesis and failure of current interventions to adequately treat fatigue in all patients leaves a need for new treatment options. Despite the therapeutic need and importance of preclinical research in helping identify promising novel treatments, few preclinical assays of fatigue are available. Moreover, the most common preclinical assay used to assess fatigue-like behavior, voluntary wheel running, is not suitable for use with some strains of mice, may not be sensitive to drugs that reduce fatigue, and has relatively low throughput. The current protocol describes a novel, non-voluntary preclinical assay of fatigue-like behavior, the treadmill fatigue test, and provides evidence of its efficacy in detecting fatigue-like behavior in mice treated with a chemotherapy drug known to cause fatigue in humans and fatigue-like behavior in animals. This assay may be a beneficial alternative to wheel running, as fatigue-like behavior and potential interventions can be assessed in a greater number of mice over a shorter time frame, thus permitting faster discovery of new therapeutic options.

Fatigue is a common, undertreated and frequently poorly-understood symptom in many diseases and disorders. New preclinical assays of fatigue may help to improve current understanding and future treatment of fatigue. To that end, the current protocol provides a novel means of measuring fatigue-like behavior in the mouse.

トレッドミル疲労試験：マウスの​​疲労のような挙動のシンプルな、ハイスループットアッセイ

Fatigue is a prominent symptom in many diseases and disorders and reduces quality of life for many people. The lack of clear pathogenesis and failure of ...

行動学

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

The functional characterization of adult-born neurons remains a significant challenge. Approaches to inhibit adult neurogenesis via invasive viral delivery or transgenic animals have potential confounds that make interpretation of results from these studies difficult. New radiological tools are emerging, however, that allow one to noninvasively investigate the function of select groups of adult-born neurons through accurate and precise anatomical targeting in small animals. Focal ionizing radiation inhibits the birth and differentiation of new neurons, and allows targeting of specific neural progenitor regions. In order to illuminate the potential functional role that adult hypothalamic neurogenesis plays in the regulation of physiological processes, we developed a noninvasive focal irradiation technique to selectively inhibit the birth of adult-born neurons in the hypothalamic median eminence. We describe a method for Computer tomography-guided focal irradiation (CFIR) delivery to enable precise and accurate anatomical targeting in small animals. CFIR uses three-dimensional volumetric image guidance for localization and targeting of the radiation dose, minimizes radiation exposure to nontargeted brain regions, and allows for conformal dose distribution with sharp beam boundaries. This protocol allows one to ask questions regarding the function of adult-born neurons, but also opens areas to questions in areas of radiobiology, tumor biology, and immunology. These radiological tools will facilitate the translation of discoveries at the bench to the bedside.

The function of adult-born mammalian neurons remains an active area of investigation. Ionizing radiation inhibits the birth of new neurons. Using computer tomography-guided focal irradiation (CFIR), three-dimensional anatomical targeting of specific neural progenitor populations can now be used to assess the functional role of adult neurogenesis.

焦点放射線阻害と大人の視床下部ニューロン新生の機能的な尋問

The functional characterization of adult-born neurons remains a significant challenge. Approaches to inhibit adult neurogenesis via invasive viral ...

神経科学

Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis

Radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF) can result from a plethora of scenarios including cancer therapy, accidental exposure, or acts of terrorism. Radioactive beams can penetrate through the skin and affect the structures in their path including skin, muscles, and internal organs. Skin is the first structure to get exposed to radiation and is susceptible to develop chronic fibrosis, which is challenging to treat. Currently, limited treatment options show moderate efficacy in mitigating radiation-related skin fibrosis. A key factor hindering the development of effective countermeasures is the absence of a convenient and robust model that could allow for translation of the experimental findings to humans. Here, a robust and reproducible murine hind limb skin fibrosis model has been established for prophylactic and therapeutic evaluation of possible agents for functional and molecular recovery.
The right hind limb was irradiated using a single dose of 40 (Gray) Gy to induce skin fibrosis. Subjects developed edema and dermatitis in the early stages proceeded by visible skin constriction. Irradiated limbs showed a significantly reduced limb range of motion in the following weeks. In late stages, acute side effects subsided, yet chronic fibrosis persisted. A gait index was performed as an additional functional assay, which demonstrated the development of functional impairment. These non-invasive methods demonstrated reliable measurements for tracing fibrosis progression, which is supported by histological analyses. The radiation dose, application, and post-irradiation analyses employed in this model offer a vigorous and reproducible method for studying radiation-induced skin fibrosis and testing the efficacy of therapeutical agents.

Here we present a protocol to induce radiation-induced skin fibrosis in the hind limb of mice and perform post-irradiation measurements of chronic impairment via limb excursion and gait index analyses to evaluate the functional outcome. The model elucidates radiation-related skin fibrosis mechanisms and is useful in subclinical therapeutic studies.

Radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF) can result from a plethora of scenarios including cancer therapy, accidental exposure, or acts of terrorism. ...

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Acute skin toxicities from ionizing radiation (IR) are a common side effect from therapeutic courses of external beam radiation therapy (RT) and negatively impact patient quality of life and long term survival. Advances in the understanding of the biological pathways associated with normal tissue toxicities have allowed for the development of interventional drugs, however, current response studies are limited by a lack of quantitative metrics for assessing the severity of skin reactions. Here we present a diffuse optical spectroscopic (DOS) approach that provides quantitative optical biomarkers of skin response to radiation. We describe the instrumentation design of the DOS system as well as the inversion algorithm for extracting the optical parameters. Finally, to demonstrate clinical utility, we present representative data from a pre-clinical mouse model of radiation induced erythema and compare the results with a commonly employed visual scoring. The described DOS method offers an objective, high through-put evaluation of skin toxicity via functional response that is translatable to the clinical setting.

We present a diffuse optical spectroscopic (DOS) approach that provides quantitative optical biomarkers of skin response to radiation. We describe DOS instrumentation design, optical parameters extraction algorithms and the animal handling procedures required to yield representative data from a pre-clinical mouse model of radiation induced erythema.

マウスモデルを用いた急性電離放射線による皮膚毒性の定量的評価のための光学分光拡散

Acute skin toxicities from ionizing radiation (IR) are a common side effect from therapeutic courses of external beam radiation therapy (RT) and ...

医学

A Rat Model of Central Fatigue Using a Modified Multiple Platform Method

In this article, we introduced a rat model of central fatigue using the modified multiple platform method (MMPM). The Multiple Platform box was designed as a water tank with narrow platforms on the bottom. The model rats were put into the tank and stood on the platforms for 14 h (18:00 - 8:00) per day for a consecutive 21 days, with a blank control group set for contrast. At the end of modeling, rats in the model group showed an obvious fatigued appearance. To assess the model, we performed several behavioral tests, including the open field test (OFT), the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and the exhaustive swimming (ES) test. The results showed that anxiety, spatial cognition impairment, poor muscle performance, and declined voluntary activity presented in model rats confirm the diagnosis of&#160;central fatigue. Changes of the central neurotransmitters also verified the result. In conclusion, the model successfully simulated central fatigue, and future study with the model may help reveal the pathological mechanism of the disease.

Here, we present a protocol to introduce a rat model of central fatigue using the modified multiple platform method (MMPM).

ラット モデル改良を使用して中枢性疲労の複数プラットフォーム メソッド

In this article, we introduced a rat model of central fatigue using the modified multiple platform method (MMPM). The Multiple Platform box was designed ...

A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, whereas exertional heat stroke (EHS) occurs during physical activity. EHS differs from CHS in etiology, clinical presentation, and sequelae of multi-organ dysfunction. Until recently, only models of CHS have been well established. This protocol aims to provide guidelines for a refined preclinical mouse model of EHS that is free from major limiting factors such as the use of anesthesia, restraint, rectal probes, or electric shock. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice, instrumented with core temperature (Tc) telemetric probes were utilized in this model. For familiarization with the running mode, mice undergo 3 weeks of training using both voluntary and forced running wheels. Thereafter, mice run on a forced wheel inside a climatic chamber set at 37.5 &#176;C and 40%-50% relative humidity (RH) until displaying symptom limitation (e.g., loss of consciousness) at Tc of 42.1-42.5 &#176;C, although suitable results can be obtained at chamber temperatures between 34.5-39.5 &#176;C and humidity between 30%-90%. Depending on the desired severity, mice are removed from the chamber immediately for recovery in ambient temperature or remain in the heated chamber for a longer duration, inducing a more severe exposure and a higher incidence of mortality. Results are compared with sham-matched exercise controls (EXC) and/or na&#239;ve controls (NC). The model mirrors many of the pathophysiological outcomes observed in human EHS, including loss of consciousness, severe hyperthermia, multi-organ damage as well as inflammatory cytokine release, and acute phase responses of the immune system. This model is ideal for hypothesis-driven research to test preventative and therapeutic strategies that may delay the onset of EHS or reduce the multi-organ damage that characterizes this manifestation.

The protocol describes the development of a standardized, repeatable, preclinical model of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in mice free from adverse external stimuli such as electric shock. The model provides a platform for mechanistic, preventative, and therapeutic studies.

マウスにおける運動熱中症の前臨床モデル

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, ...

マウスにおける高反復低レベル爆風をモデル化するためのショックチューブ法

Modeling Highly Repetitive Low-level Blast Exposure in Mice

Exposure to explosive blasts is a significant risk factor for brain trauma among exposed persons. Although the effects of large blasts on the brain are well understood, the effects of smaller blasts such as those that occur during military training are less understood. This small, low-level blast exposure also varies highly according to military occupation and training tempo, with some units experiencing few exposures over the course of several years whereas others experience hundreds within a few weeks. Animal models are an important tool in identifying both the injury mechanisms and long-term clinical health risks following low-level blast exposure. Models capable of recapitulating this wide range of exposures are necessary to inform acute and chronic injury outcomes across these disparate risk profiles.
Although outcomes following a few low-level blast exposures are easily modeled for mechanistic study, chronic exposures that occur over a career may be better modeled by blast injury paradigms with repeated exposures that occur frequently over weeks and months. Shown here are methods for modeling highly repetitive low-level blast exposure in mice. The procedures are based on established and widely used pneumatic shocktube models of open-field blast exposure that can be scaled to adjust the overpressure parameters and the number or interval of the exposures. These methods can then be used to either enable mechanistic investigations or recapitulate the routine blast exposures of clinical groups under study.

著者スポットライト:マウスにおける低レベル爆風曝露の長期的影響の解読

Presented here are methods for producing repeated low-intensity blast exposures using mice.

マウスにおける高反復低レベル爆風曝露のモデリング

Exposure to explosive blasts is a significant risk factor for brain trauma among exposed persons. Although the effects of large blasts on the brain are ...

周辺照射による疲労のマウスモデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

膵臓がんの蛍光同所性マウスモデル

がんに関連した疲労におけるミトコンドリア機能の役割の評価

トレッドミル疲労試験：マウスの疲労のような挙動のシンプルな、ハイスループットアッセイ

焦点放射線阻害と大人の視床下部ニューロン新生の機能的な尋問

Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis

マウスモデルを用いた急性電離放射線による皮膚毒性の定量的評価のための光学分光拡散

ラットモデル改良を使用して中枢性疲労の複数プラットフォームメソッド

マウスにおける運動熱中症の前臨床モデル

マウスにおける高反復低レベル爆風曝露のモデリング

マウスにおける高反復低レベル爆風曝露のモデリング

周辺照射による疲労のマウスモデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

膵臓がんの蛍光同所性マウスモデル

がんに関連した疲労におけるミトコンドリア機能の役割の評価

トレッドミル疲労試験：マウスの​​疲労のような挙動のシンプルな、ハイスループットアッセイ

焦点放射線阻害と大人の視床下部ニューロン新生の機能的な尋問

Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis

マウスモデルを用いた急性電離放射線による皮膚毒性の定量的評価のための光学分光拡散

ラット モデル改良を使用して中枢性疲労の複数プラットフォーム メソッド

マウスにおける運動熱中症の前臨床モデル

マウスにおける高反復低レベル爆風曝露のモデリング

マウスにおける高反復低レベル爆風曝露のモデリング

トレッドミル疲労試験：マウスの疲労のような挙動のシンプルな、ハイスループットアッセイ

ラットモデル改良を使用して中枢性疲労の複数プラットフォームメソッド