وأيد هذا البحث من قبل المعاهد الوطنية للصحة منح GM055360 إلى SLB وU54HD068157 لRGM. وأيد JMB من التدريب غرانت T32 علم الوراثة في جامعة ولاية بنسلفانيا (GM008216).

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يعلن الكتاب أنه ليس لديهم مصالح مالية المتنافسة. هذا البروتوكول يتم شرحها ينطوي على استخدام الفئران المختبرية وأعدم في الامتثال لجميع المبادئ التوجيهية واللوائح والوكالات التنظيمية ذات الصلة. تتم المحافظة على الحيوانات المستخدمة في هذا البروتوكول بتوجيه وموافقة من جامعة جنة رعاية الحيوان واستخدام المؤسسية ولاية بنسلفانيا (IACUC بروتوكول # 804284).

أولئك الذين يدرسون الحيوانات المنوية الاعتماد على النماذج الحيوانية لعينات الخلايا المنوية، كنظام ثقافة الخلية موثوق بها لا وجود لها حتى الآن طريقة لتوليد كل أنواع الخلايا المنوية 3. على الرغم من أن الخلايا المنوية يتم جمعها بسهولة من الخصيتين كله، النتائج فق...

الحيوانات المنوية لدى الثدييات هو عملية التمايز المعقدة التي تحدث في مراحل عدة في الأنابيب المنوية من الخصيتين 1. لفترة وجيزة، وقف مثل أمهات المني الموجودة بالقرب من ظهارة نبيب الفجوة المنوية وتفرق في الخلايا المنوية، التي تخضع ثم الانقسامات الانتصافي. بعد الانقسام الاختزالي كاملة، وخلايا فرداني الناتجة عن ذلك، أو طلائع منوية الجولة، الخضوع لتكون النطاف، وهي عملية التمايز التي تنطوي على سفك السيتوبلازم والضغط من النواة. طلائع منوية تتطور تدريجيا السوط والخضوع استطالة والتكثيف من نواة، وإنتاج التمطيط ثم التكثيف طلائع منوية، على التوالي. المنتجات النهائية هي الحيوانات المنوية، والتي تم إصدارها في تجويف أنبوب صغير المنوية ومنه إلى البربخ حيث تنضج أخرى. لأن عملية تكوين الحيوانات المنوية يعتمد على الظروف الهرمونية والجزيئية الخاصة فيالخصيتين، لم يتم حتى الآن وضع نظام موثوق الثقافة في المختبر لكامل عملية تكوين الحيوانات المنوية 2،3. وقد تم تطوير أساليب لخلق ثقافة &quot;الجرثومية البدائية خلايا تشبه الخلايا&quot; و &quot;الخلايا مثل أرومة النطفة الجولة&quot; فرداني، من الخلايا الجذعية، ولكن هذه الأساليب ليست قادرة على توليد أعداد كبيرة من هذه الخلايا وتفشل في إنتاج الخلايا المنوية في وقت لاحق بعد أنواع 4،5. لحسن الحظ، وأنواع الخلايا المنوية تختلف اختلافا كبيرا في الحجم، والذي يسمح لنظام التعليق وحيدة الخلية التي تم الحصول عليها من الخصيتين كله أن تكون مفصولة مع التدرج السائل. طريقة STA-PUT، تظاهر هنا، يستخدم الانحدار الخطي BSA والترسيب بسيطة لفصل الخلايا المنوية على أساس الحجم والكتلة 6-9. طريقة STA-PUT ديها العديد من المزايا أكثر من غيرها من الأساليب الأكثر استخداما على نطاق واسع لفصل أنواع الخلايا المنوية: نظام مراقبة الأصول الميدانية وتصويل 10-13. جهاز STA-PUT يتطلب قلذ عدة قطع من الأواني الزجاجية المتخصصة تجميعها في غرفة باردة أو ثلاجة كبيرة. وبالتالي، فمن أقل تكلفة من استخدام فارز الخلية أو elutriator. طريقة STA-PUT ينتج كميات أكبر من الخلايا لكل نوع من الخلايا والخصية مما يمكن الفرز حسب نظام مراقبة الأصول الميدانية في إطار زمني مشابه، على الرغم من نقاء كل السكان الخلية ليست عالية مثل تلك التي حصلت مع نظام مراقبة الأصول الميدانية 11. فرز الخلايا باستخدام الخرز المغناطيسي (المغناطيسية الفرز الخلية تفعيلها، MACS) مؤخرا استخدمت بنجاح لتخصيب أمهات المني من السكان الخلية الخصية مختلطة، لكنه غير مناسب حاليا لفصل الخلايا المنوية أو طلائع منوية بسبب الافتقار إلى المعرفة السطحية المناسبة علامات 14. ميزة إضافية للأسلوب STA-PUT على نظام مراقبة الأصول الميدانية أو MACS هو القدرة على عزل خلايا قابلة للحياة مناسبة لاحقة لأن الثقافة، وعلى النقيض من معظم بروتوكولات نظام مراقبة الأصول الميدانية، أنها لا تتطلب أي الحمض النووي أو أنواع أخرى من تلطيخ. للدراسات التي تتطلب لغلة الدو من أنواع الخلايا المنوية في ~ 90٪ النقاء، وSTA-PUT هو الأسلوب الأمثل.

<table><tbody><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Affymetrix/USB</td><td>10857 100MG</td><td>Alternate can be used.</td></tr><tr><td>0.5%, 2%, and 4% BSA solutions</td><td>Dissolve 0.25 g, 11 g, and 22 g (respectively) in total volumes of 50 ml, 550 ml, and 550 ml of 1x KREBS (respectively).</td><td>To be made day of the STA-PUT procedure. Filter sterilize.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KREBS (10x)</td><td>3.26 g KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; + 139.5 g NaCl +5.89 g MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/7H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0 + 40 g Dextrose + 3.78 g CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0 + 7.12 g KCl, bring to 2 L with ddH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0</td><td>Autoclave/filter and store at 4 &amp;deg;C for several months.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KREBS (1x)</td><td>Dissolve 4.24 g NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;in 100 ml ddH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0. Add 200 ml 10x KREBS. Bring to 2 L with ddH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0.</td><td>To be made day of the STA-PUT procedure. Filter sterilize.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C9891-1G</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNAse</td><td>Sigma</td><td>DNEP-5MG</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T9201-1G</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAPI</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton-X100</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Formaldehyde (~37%)</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TABLE 2: EQUIPMENT</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Equipment</td><td>Company</td><td>Catalog #</td><td>Comments</td></tr><tr><td>Complete STA-PUT apparatus</td><td>ProScience Glass Shop</td><td>STA-PUT (this procedure uses the standard sedimentation chamber: Cat. No. 56700-500)</td><td>Includes all glassware and equipment for the apparatus. Alternate glassware is available for performing STA-PUT with smaller cell numbers.</td></tr><tr><td>10 &amp;mu;m mesh filter</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>22363549</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>Mouse dissection tools</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14 ml round bottom fraction collection tubes with caps</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Need approximately 100 tubes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fraction collector</td><td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td><td>Model: Frac-920, Product code: 18-1177-40</td><td>Alternate can be used.</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope slides, cover glass</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Light/Fluorescent Microscope</td><td>Preference of researcher</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

separation of spermatogenic cell types using sta-put velocity sedimentation

الحيوانات المنوية لدى الثدييات هو عملية التمايز المعقدة التي تحدث في مراحل عدة في الأنابيب المنوية من الخصيتين. حاليا، لا يوجد نظام موثوق زراعة الخلايا مما يسمح لتمايز المنوية في المختبر، وتتطلب معظم الدراسات البيولوجية للخلايا المنوية الحصاد الأنسجة من النماذج الحيوانية مثل الماوس والفئران. لأن الخصية يحتوي على العديد من أنواع الخلايا - على حد سواء غير المنوية (ايديغ، سيرتولي، النخاعي، والخلايا الظهارية) والمنوية (أمهات المني، الخلايا المنوية، طلائع منوية الجولة، التكثيف طلائع منوية والحيوانات المنوية) - دراسات الآليات البيولوجية المعنية في الحيوانات المنوية تتطلب العزلة وإثراء هذه أنواع مختلفة من الخلايا. يسمح أسلوب STA-PUT لفصل السكان غير متجانسة من الخلايا - في هذه الحالة، من الخصيتين - من خلال BSA الانحدار الخطي. أنواع الخلايا الفردية الرواسب مع مختلف سرعة الترسيب وفقا لمحجم ليرة لبنانية، والكسور المخصب لأنواع مختلفة من الخلايا التي يمكن جمعها والاستفادة منها في إجراء المزيد من التحليلات. في حين أن طريقة STA-PUT لا يؤدي إلى كسور نقية للغاية من أنواع الخلايا، على سبيل المثال كما يمكن الحصول مع بعض أساليب الخلية والفرز، وأنها لا توفر عائدات أعلى بكثير من مجموع الخلايا في كل جزء (~ 1 × 10 8 خلايا / نوع من الخلايا المنوية من السكان بدءا من 7-8 × 10 8 خلايا). يتطلب هذا الأسلوب عالية الغلة الأواني الزجاجية المتخصصة فقط ويمكن القيام بها في أي غرفة باردة أو ثلاجة كبيرة، مما يجعلها وسيلة مثالية للمختبرات التي لديها محدودية فرص الحصول على المعدات المتخصصة مثل مضان تنشيط فارز الخلية (نظام مراقبة الأصول الميدانية) أو elutriator.

نتيجة مثالية من الإجراء STA-PUT هو فصل ملحوظ نسبيا من الخلايا من الخصيتين يعتمد على حجم الخلية وكثافة. في حين أن الخلايا المعزولة من الخصيتين والمترسبة من خلال التدرج BSA، يمكن ملاحظة عدة نطاقات مميزة من الخلايا. أي كتل من الخلايا تميل إلى تنزل الى قاع الانحدار ولن تلوث ال...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation at JoVE.com

Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation

يسمح أسلوب STA-PUT للفصل بين مجموعات مختلفة من الخلايا المنوية على أساس الحجم والكثافة.

الفصل بين أنواع الخلايا المنوية عن طريق STA-PUT سرعة الترسيب

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex  differentiation process that occurs in several stages in the seminiferous  tubules of the testes. Currently, there ...

separation-spermatogenic-cell-types-using-sta-put-velocity

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

25.7K Views.  University of Pennsylvania.  يسمح أسلوب STA-PUT للفصل بين مجموعات مختلفة من الخلايا المنوية على أساس الحجم والكثافة. 

Video: Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation

Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry

The differentiation of mouse spermatids is one critical process for the production of a functional male gamete with an intact genome to be transmitted to the next generation. So far, molecular studies of this morphological transition have been hampered by the lack of a method allowing adequate separation of these important steps of spermatid differentiation for subsequent analyses. Earlier attempts at proper gating of these cells using flow cytometry may have been difficult because of a peculiar increase in DNA fluorescence in spermatids undergoing chromatin remodeling. Based on this observation, we provide details of a simple flow cytometry scheme, allowing reproducible purification of four populations of mouse spermatids fixed with ethanol, each representing a different state in the nuclear remodeling process. Population enrichment is confirmed using step-specific markers and morphological criterions. The purified spermatids can be used for genomic and proteomic analyses.

We describe a sorting strategy for mouse spermatids using flow cytometry. Spermatids are sorted into four highly pure populations, including round (spermiogenesis steps 1-9), early elongating (spermiogenesis steps 10-12), late elongating (spermiogenesis steps 13-14) and elongated spermatids (spermiogenesis steps 15-16). DNA staining, size and granulosity are used as selection parameters.

خطوة محددة الفرز ماوس Spermatids بواسطة التدفق الخلوي

The differentiation of mouse spermatids is one critical process for the production of a functional male gamete with an intact genome to be transmitted to ...

Developmental Biology

A Standardized Approach for Multispecies Purification of Mammalian Male Germ Cells by Mechanical Tissue Dissociation and Flow Cytometry

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) has been one of the methods of choice to isolate enriched populations of mammalian testicular germ cells. Currently, it allows the discrimination of up to 9 murine germ cell populations with high yield and purity. This high-resolution in discrimination and purification is possible due to unique changes in chromatin structure and quantity throughout spermatogenesis. These patterns can be captured by flow cytometry of male germ cells stained with fluorescent DNA-binding dyes such as Hoechst-33342 (Hoechst). Herein is a detailed description of a recently developed protocol to isolate mammalian testicular germ cells. Briefly, single cell suspensions are generated from testicular tissue by mechanical dissociation, double stained with Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) and processed by flow cytometry. A serial gating strategy, including the selection of live cells (PI negative) with different DNA content (Hoechst intensity), is used during FACS sorting to discriminate up to 5 germ cell types. These include, with corresponding average purities (determined by microscopy evaluation): spermatogonia (66%), primary (71%) and secondary (85%) spermatocytes, and spermatids (90%), further separated into round (93%) and elongating (87%) subpopulations. Execution of the entire workflow is straightforward, allows the isolation of 4 cell types simultaneously with the appropriate FACS machine, and can be performed in less than 2 h. As reduced processing time is crucial to preserve the physiology of ex vivo cells, this method is ideal for downstream high-throughput studies of male germ cell biology. Moreover, a standardized protocol for multispecies purification of mammalian germ cells eliminates methodological sources of variables and allows a single set of reagents to be used for different animal models.

This work describes the standardization of a method to obtain purified germ cell populations from testicular tissue of different mammalian species. It is a straightforward protocol that combines mechanical testis dissociation, staining with Hoechst-33342 and propidium iodide, and FACS sorting, with wide applications in comparative studies of male reproductive biology.

نهج موحد لتنقية مولتبيسيسيز من الثدييات خلايا الجرثومية الذكور من الأنسجة الميكانيكية التفكك والتدفق الخلوي

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) has been one of the methods of choice to isolate enriched populations of mammalian testicular germ cells. ...

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Meiotic progression in males is a process that requires the concerted action of a number of highly regulated cellular events. Errors occurring during meiosis can lead to infertility, pregnancy loss or genetic defects. Commencing at the onset of puberty and continuing throughout adulthood, continuous semi-synchronous waves of spermatocytes undergo spermatogenesis and ultimately form haploid sperm. The first wave of mouse spermatocytes undergoing meiotic initiation appear at day 10 post-partum (10 dpp) and are released into the lumen of seminiferous tubules as mature sperm at 35 dpp. Therefore, it is advantageous to utilize mice within this developmental time-window in order to obtain highly enriched populations of interest. Analysis of rare cell stages is more difficult in older mice due to the contribution of successive spermatogenic waves, which increase the diversity of the cellular populations within the tubules. The method described here is an easily implemented technique for the cytological evaluation of the cells found within the seminiferous tubules of mice, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. The tubule squash technique maintains the integrity of isolated male germ cells and allows examination of cellular structures that are not easily visualized with other techniques. To demonstrate the possible applications of this tubule squash technique, spindle assembly was monitored in spermatocytes progressing through the prophase to metaphase I transition (G2/MI transition). In addition, centrosome duplication, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), and chromosome bouquet formation were assessed as examples of the cytological structures that can be observed using this tubule squash method. This technique can be used to pinpoint specific defects during spermatogenesis that are caused by mutation or exogenous perturbation, and thus, contributes to our molecular understanding of spermatogenesis.

The goal of this tubule squash technique is to rapidly assess cytological features of developing mouse spermatocytes while preserving cellular integrity. This method allows for the study of all stages of spermatogenesis, and can be easily implemented alongside other biochemical and molecular biological approaches for the study of mouse meiosis.

تقنية إسكواش أنبوب سيمينيفيروس لتحليل الحيوانات المنوية باستخدام نموذج الماوس الخلوية

Meiotic progression in males is a process that requires the concerted action of a number of highly regulated cellular events. Errors occurring during ...

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment

To characterize each step of spermatogenesis, researchers must separate different subpopulations of germ cells from testes. However, isolating discrete populations is challenging, because the adult testis contains a complex mix of germ cells from all steps of spermatogenesis along with certain populations of somatic cells. Over the past few decades, different techniques such as centrifugal elutriation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and STA-PUT have been successfully applied to the isolation of germ cells. A drawback is that they all require dedicated devices and specialized training. Following principles underlying the STA-PUT method, a simple protocol has been developed for the isolation of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongating spermatids from mouse testes. After preparing a single cell suspension of testicular cells, specific cell populations are enriched by gravity sedimentation through a discontinuous bovine serum albumin (BSA) density gradient. The cell fractions are then manually collected and microscopically analysed. This modified density gradient for round spermatids (MDR) sedimentation protocol can be widely applied, because it requires only standard laboratory equipment. Furthermore, the protocol requires minimal starting materials, reducing its cost and use of laboratory animals.

Presented here is a protocol for enriching pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongating spermatids from adult mouse testes using a discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient with standard laboratory equipment.

إثراء الخلايا المنوية والبطفومنات من اختبار الماوس باستخدام معدات المختبرات القياسية

To characterize each step of spermatogenesis, researchers must separate different subpopulations of germ cells from testes. However, isolating discrete ...

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

Isolation of meiotic spermatocytes is essential to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying meiosis and spermatogenesis. Although there are established cell isolation protocols using Hoechst 33342 staining in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, it requires cell sorters equipped with an ultraviolet laser. Here we describe a cell isolation protocol using the DyeCycle Violet (DCV) stain, a low cytotoxicity DNA binding dye structurally similar to Hoechst 33342. DCV can be excited by both ultraviolet and violet lasers, which improves the flexibility of equipment choice, including a cell sorter not equipped with an ultraviolet laser. Using this protocol, one can isolate three live-cell subpopulations in meiotic prophase I, including leptotene/zygotene, pachytene, and diplotene spermatocytes, as well as post-meiotic round spermatids. We also describe a protocol to prepare single-cell suspension from mouse testes. Overall, the procedure requires a short time to complete (4-5 hours depending on the number of needed cells), which facilitates many downstream applications.

Here we present a simple and efficient method to isolate live meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells from adult mouse testes. Using a low-cytotoxicity, violet-excited DNA binding dye and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, one can isolate highly enriched spermatogenic cell populations for many downstream applications.

عزل الخلايا المنوية مورين باستخدام البنفسجي-متحمس خلية نفاذة صبغة ملزمة

Isolation of meiotic spermatocytes is essential to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying meiosis and spermatogenesis. Although there are established ...

Flow Cytometry Purification of Mouse Meiotic Cells

The heterogeneous nature of cell types in the testis and the absence of meiotic cell culture models have been significant hurdles to the study of the unique differentiation programs that are manifest during meiosis. Two principal methods have been developed to purify, to varying degrees, various meiotic fractions from both adult and immature animals: elutriation or Staput (sedimentation) using BSA and/or percoll gradients. Both of these methods rely on cell size and density to separate meiotic cells1-5. Overall, except for few cell populations6, these protocols fail to yield sufficient purity of the numerous meiotic cell populations that are necessary for detailed molecular analyses. Moreover, with such methods usually one type of meiotic cells can be purified at a given time, which adds an extra level of complexity regarding the reproducibility and homogeneity when comparing meiotic cell samples.
Here, we describe a refined method that allows one to easily visualize, identify, and purify meiotic cells, from germ cells to round spermatids, using FACS combined with Hoechst 33342 staining7,8. This method provides an overall snapshot of the entire meiotic process and allows one to highly purify viable cells from most stage of meiosis. These purified cells can then be analyzed in detail for molecular changes that accompany progression through meiosis, for example changes in gene expression9,10and the dynamics of nucleosome occupancy at hotspots of meiotic recombination11.

An efficient method to obtain highly purified viable meiotic fractions from mouse testis is described, which combines a refined cell dissociation protocol with fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). This method takes advantage of differences in the DNA content and nuclear density of discrete meiotic fractions.

تدفق تنقية الخلوي للخلايا الفأر الانتصافي

The heterogeneous nature of cell types in the testis and the absence of meiotic cell culture models have been significant hurdles to the study of the ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>إجراء حقن المنوية المستديرة الفئران لدراسة التطور الجنيني

Mouse Round Spermatid Injection

Round spermatids, characterized by their haploid genetic content, represent the precursor cells to mature spermatozoa. Through the innovative technique of round spermatid injection (ROSI), oocytes can be successfully fertilized and developed into viable fetuses. In a groundbreaking milestone achieved in 1995, the first mouse fetus was born through ROSI technology. ROSI has since emerged as a pivotal tool for unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing embryonic development and holds significant potential in various applications, including the acceleration of mouse generation and the production of genetically modified mice. In 1996, a milestone was reached when the first human fetus was born through ROSI technology. However, the clinical applications of this method have shown a fluctuating pattern of success and failure. To date, ROSI technology has not found widespread application in clinical practice, primarily due to its low birth efficiency and insufficient validation of fetal safety. This article provides a comprehensive account of the precise methods of performing ROSI in mice, aiming to shed new light on basic research and its potential clinical applications.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>حقن الفأر المستدير Spermatid

Here, we introduce a method for performing round spermatid injection (ROSI) in mice, a technique with promising clinical applications and utility for investigating the mechanisms underlying embryonic development.

حقن الفأر المستدير Spermatid

Round spermatids, characterized by their haploid genetic content, represent the precursor cells to mature spermatozoa. Through the innovative technique of ...

Simple and Efficient Technique for the Preparation of Testicular Cell Suspensions

Mammalian testes are very complex organs that contain over 30 different cell types, including somatic testicular cells and different stages of germline cells. This heterogeneity is an important drawback concerning the study of the bases of mammalian spermatogenesis, as pure or enriched cell populations in certain stages of sperm development are needed for most molecular analyses1.
 Various strategies such as Staput2,3, centrifugal elutriation1, and flow cytometry (FC)4,5 have been employed to obtain enriched or purified testicular cell populations in order to enable differential gene expression studies. 
It is required that cells are in suspension for most enrichment/ purification approaches. Ideally, the cell suspension will be representative of the original tissue, have a high proportion of viable cells and few multinucleates - which tend to form because of the syncytial nature of the seminiferous epithelium6,7 - and lack cell clumps1 . Previous reports had evidenced that testicular cell suspensions prepared by an exclusively mechanical method clumped more easily than trypsinized ones1 . On the other hand, enzymatic treatments with RNAses and/or disaggregating enzymes like trypsin and collagenase lead to specific macromolecules degradation, which is undesirable for certain downstream applications. The ideal process should be as short as possible and involve minimal manipulation, so as to achieve a good preservation of macromolecules of interest such as mRNAs. Current protocols for the preparation of cell suspensions from solid tissues are usually time-consuming, highly operator-dependent, and may selectively damage certain cell types1,8 . 
	The protocol presented here combines the advantages of a highly reproducible and extremely brief mechanical disaggregation with the absence of enzymatic treatment, leading to good quality cell suspensions that can be used for flow cytometric analysis and sorting4, and ulterior gene expression studies9 .

A novel protocol for the mechanical preparation of testicular cell suspensions from rodent material, avoiding enzymes and detergents, is described. The method is very simple, fast, reproducible, and renders good quality cell suspensions, which are suitable for flow sorting and RNA extraction.

تقنيات بسيطة وفعالة لإعداد تعليق خلية الخصية

Mammalian testes are very complex organs that contain over 30 different cell types, including somatic testicular cells and different stages of germline ...

الفصل بين أنواع الخلايا المنوية عن طريق STA-PUT سرعة الترسيب

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خطوة محددة الفرز ماوس Spermatids بواسطة التدفق الخلوي

نهج موحد لتنقية مولتبيسيسيز من الثدييات خلايا الجرثومية الذكور من الأنسجة الميكانيكية التفكك والتدفق الخلوي

تقنية إسكواش أنبوب سيمينيفيروس لتحليل الحيوانات المنوية باستخدام نموذج الماوس الخلوية

إثراء الخلايا المنوية والبطفومنات من اختبار الماوس باستخدام معدات المختبرات القياسية

عزل الخلايا المنوية مورين باستخدام البنفسجي-متحمس خلية نفاذة صبغة ملزمة

تدفق تنقية الخلوي للخلايا الفأر الانتصافي

حقن الفأر المستدير Spermatid

حقن الفأر المستدير Spermatid

حقن الفأر المستدير Spermatid

تقنيات بسيطة وفعالة لإعداد تعليق خلية الخصية