Name: non-terminal blood sampling techniques in guinea pigs
Uploaded: 2014-10-11T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 58 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs at JoVE.com

Biz Annie B. Kristensen, Elisabeth V. Andersen, Belinda B. Bringtoft ve Deneysel Tıp, Frederiksberg Kampüsü, Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Fakültesi, Kopenhag, Danimarka Üniversitesi Bölümü&#39;nde hayvan bakıcıları maharetli yardım kabul. Jacob Lønholdt prosedürleri filme yaptığı mükemmel teknik yardım için teşekkür etti. Bu çalışma, in vivo Farmakoloji ve Kopenhag Üniversitesi LIFEPHARM Merkezi tarafından kısmen desteklenmiştir.

Gösterilen işlemleri Gıda, Tarım ve Balıkçılık Bakanlığı bünyesinde Danimarka Hayvan Deneyleri Müfettişliği tarafından onaylanan protokollere göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yanal safen veya Tarsal Ven 1. Kan Alınması <ol><li> Anestezi olmadan bu prosedürü ve bir araştırmacı, kobay ele biri olan ve bir örneği toplama yardım gerçekleştirin. </li><li> Damarlar görünür olana kadar bir elektrikli tıraş makinesi ile arka bacak tarsal bölge tıraş. Alan ponksiyon ile müdahale kürk önlemek için yeterince büyük olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> Bir ılık su banyosu içinde arka bacak yerleştirin ve yavaşça venler daha genişlemiş ve belirgin hale bacak ovmak. </li><li> Temiz bir havlu ile silin ve bacak gazlı bez veya% 70 alkol ile nemlendirilmiş bir pamuklu çubukla delinme siteyi dezenfekte. </li><li> Kobay dizginlemek ve hemen diz eklem t yukarıda nazik bir basınç uygularken aşağı arka bacak uzatmakO durağanlığı sağlar. </li><li> 21 G iğne veya neşter kullanarak ven delinme. Kan örneğin toplayın., Bir koleksiyon veya kılcal tüp kullanarak. Yavaşça kan akışını yardım bacak manipüle. </li><li> Numune alındıktan sonra, durağanlık bırakın. Kanama durana kadar ponksiyon hafif basınç ile gazlı bez veya pamuk parçası uygulayın. </li><li> Hemostaz sağlamak için 5-10 dakika için kendi kafesine ve monitöre hayvan dönün. </li></ol> Kulak damarından 2. Kan Alınması <ol><li> Bir arkadaşımızın yardımı ile tek başına ya da tercihen anestezi olmadan bu işlemi gerçekleştirin. </li><li> Tül veya% 70 alkol ile nemlendirilmiş bir pamuklu çubuk kullanarak kulağın dorsal yüzeyini dezenfekte edin. </li><li> Durağanlığı sağlamak için kulak tabanına hafif bir basınç uygulayın. </li><li> 21 G iğne veya neşter kullanarak ven delinme ve kan toplamak. </li><li> , Staz bırakın örnek elde edildikten sonra, ge ile gazlı bez veya pamuk parçası uygulayınKanama kadar ponksiyon ntle basınç durdu. </li><li> Hemostaz sağlamak için 5-10 dakika için kendi kafesine ve monitöre hayvan dönün. </li></ol> Boyun Ven 3. Kan Alınması <ol><li> Bir ek araştırmacının yardımıyla kullanarak bu işlemi yürütmek; bir kobay işleme ve bir numune alınması. </li><li> Bu prosedürün süresi boyunca uygun bir anestezi ile kobay Anesteziyoloji. Tiletamine bir karışımı (0.93 mg / kg), zolazepam (0.93 mg / kg), ksilazin (1.49 mg / kg) ve butorfanol (0.06 mg / kg) kullanılabilir. </li><li> Sırtında anestezi kobay yerleştirin ve yavaşça kaudal ön ayaklarını geri çekin. </li><li> Tıraş ve dezenfekte (örneğin,.,% 70 alkol), boynun ventral parçası. </li><li> Coat pıhtılaşma riskini azaltmak amacıyla heparin veya EDTA örnekleme öncesinde biriyle şırınga. </li><li> Iğne 1 ml şırınga ap monte (23 G veya) klavikulayı palpe ve 25 G eklemekk 1 cm omuz eklemi hizasında lateral. Hafif bir alçak basınç uygulanarak bir hafif bir yükseliş ve medial açıda şırınga tutun. Juguler ven oldukça yüzeysel bulunmaktadır olarak altta yatan yapılara zarar kaçının. Venin artan durağanlığı sağlamak için hafifçe geriye doğru kobay boyun eğin. </li><li> Kan örneği elde edilir, ön bacaklar bırakın ve iğne çekilmeden önce stasisi iyileştirmeye. Ponksiyon hafif bir basınç uygulamak için gazlı bez veya pamuk kuru bir parça kullanın. </li><li> Bir kurtarma kafesine hayvan dönün ve anestezi hemostaz ve iyileşme sağlamak için izlemek. </li></ol>

<ol>
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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok. Tüm prosedürler Avrupa Sözleşmesi ETS 123 Kurulu Kararı gereğince Danimarka&#39;nın Hayvan Deneyleri Yasası, tarafından kabul edildi.

Fareler ve sıçanlar ile karşılaştırıldığında, kobay doğası gereği korku ve sakince yaklaştı ve stresi azaltmak için doğru ele alınması gerekir. Görünümünde bir hayvan refahı açısından, dikkatle hareket doğal bir önceliktir; Bununla birlikte, bu da,. toplanan veriler örneğin anksiyete ile ilişkili etkilerin riskini azaltmak kortikosteroid artmış kan glikoz düzeyleri ve 12 olacaktır. Aynı şekilde, günlük kullanım normal prosedürler için hayvanları alıştıra...

Kobay nedeniyle vitamin C, insan plasenta ile enzim ve lipoprotein profillerini yanı sıra ortak benzerlik metabolize benzer plazma lipoprotein bir besin kaynağı için bir gereklilik olarak, insanlarda biyolojik benzerlikler bir dizi değerli ve valide deneysel hayvan modelidir Prenatal gelişim 1-3,7,8. Bu kobay gibi non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve C vitamini eksikliğinin varsayılan etkileri değil, aynı zamanda örneğin bir etkisi olarak diyet ilişkili hastalıkların etkilerinin araştırılması için bir çekici ve uygun bir model yapar., Anne diyet müdahale gelişmekte üzerinde değinilir. Tekrarlanan kan örnekleme çoğu zaman in vivo çalışmalar, hem uzun hem de kısa vadede gereklidir. Nedeniyle türe spesifik anatomik farklılıklara bağlı olarak örnekleme tekniği modülasyonunun diğer kemirgen modelleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, kobaylarda kan örneklerinin elde edilmesi için gerekli olan <sup&gt; 4,5. Böylece örnekleme ve taşıma hem de farklı gereksinimleri ve seçenekleri vardır, bu damarların ve arterlerin içerisinde değişiklik içerir ve aynı zamanda kobay bir kuyruk yok. Safen veya tarsal ven örnekleme, hayvan minimal rahatsızlık ve stres neden olur ve 3,9 anestezi gerektirmez. Bu teknik, kan (100-400 ul), örneğin, az miktarda numune tekrar sağlar., Plazmadaki biyokimyasal belirteçlerini. Daha küçük bir numune boyutu (50-100 ul) yeterli değilse, bu oldukça kolay kulak damarından iğne ile elde edilebilir. Bu teknik aynı zamanda bilinçli hayvanlarda gerçekleştirilen ve kan glukoz ölçümü, örneğin 10,11 için yararlıdır edilebilir. Şahdamarından Örnekleme kan daha büyük miktarda (1-2 ml) toplanması için izin verir ama anestezi gerektirir. Burada, biz bilinçli veya anestezi kobay biri için dört farklı kan örnekleme teknikleri sunuyoruz. Procedures olmayan tüm terminal prosedürler, laboratuar hayvanlarında 6 kan toplanması için kurallar aşmamak numune hacimleri ve örneklerin sayısını temin vardır. Bu stres minimumda tutulması gerektiğini hayvan refahı yanı sıra iyi bilim çıkarınadır. Sonuç olarak, sadece iyi eğitimli ve yetkin kişisel hayvan işlemleri yapmalıdır.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Electric shaver</td><td>Wella (Contura), Denmark</td><td>273207</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Syringes&amp;nbsp;</td><td>B.Braun-Omnifix-F, Germany</td><td>9161406V</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Needles</td><td>BD Microlance, Spain</td><td>301156</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Microvette collection tube&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sarstedt, D-51588N&amp;uuml;mbrecht, Germany</td><td>201,288,100</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Accu-Check analyzer</td><td>Roche A/S Diagnostics, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin 5000 IE/ml</td><td>LEO Pharma, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia</td><td>Zoletil 50, Chemvet, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia</td><td>Narcoxyl vet 20 mg/ml, Intervet, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia</td><td>Torbugesic vet 10 mg/ml, Scanvet, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Neutral eye ointment</td><td></td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Gauze or a cotton swab&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant (70% alcohol)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr></tbody></table>

non-terminal blood sampling techniques in guinea pigs

Kobaylar insanlara çeşitli biyolojik benzerliklere sahip ve deneysel hayvan modelleri 1-3 doğrulanır. Belirli metodoloji de çok az üzerinde Ancak, kobay kullanımı halen araştırma ve açıklayıcı veri, nispeten dar bir alanı temsil eder. Kobayların anatomik özellikleri, fare ve sıçanlara kıyasla,. Dolayısıyla örnekleme teknikleri modülasyonu, örneğin, türe özgü farklılıklar için yerleştirmek için, diğer kemirgen modellerinde farklı olmaktadır yeterli ve yüksek kalitede örnekleri elde etmek için gereklidir. In vivo çalışmalar hem uzun hem de kısa süreli sık sık örnekleme kan tekrarlanan gerektiren olarak tekniğinin seçimi de hayvanlarda stres ve rahatsızlığı azaltmak için düşünülmelidir ama aynı zamanda örneklem büyüklüğü ve ulaşılabilirlik gereksinimleri ile sağkalım yanı sıra uyum sağlamak için. Venöz kan örnekleri kobay gibi sitelerin bir dizi elde edilebilir., Safen ve şah damarınıvenler, hem avantajları ve dezavantajları içeren her tekniği 4,5. Burada, biz bilinçli veya anestezi kobay biri için dört farklı kan örnekleme teknikleri sunuyoruz. Prosedürler olmayan tüm terminal prosedürler, laboratuar hayvanlarında 6 kan toplanması için kurallar aşmamak numune hacimleri ve örneklerin sayısını temin vardır. Tüm tarif edilen yöntemler iyice test ve araştırma tesisi bünyesinde çalışmalar in vivo kan örneklemesi tekrarlanmıştır için uygulanmıştır.

Bilinçli ya da anestezi kobay ya olmayan terminal in vivo kan örnekleme tekniklerine dört farklı yaklaşımlar sunulmuştur. Şekil 1 kobay ve olası delinme sitelerinde yanal Safen ve tarsal ven seyrini göstermektedir. Gine domuzu kulağın arka yüzeyinde görülebilir Kulak damarları sadece çok az bir miktarı, gerekli olduğunda Bu damarlar kan örneği almak için kullanılabilir, Şekil 2&#39;de gösterilmiştir. Juguler kan numunesi almak için kobay konumu <stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs at JoVE.com

Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs

Bilinen bir modeli olsa da, kobay şu anda deneysel hayvan bilimleri bir niş temsil eder ve sınırlı veri çoğu prosedürlerin yürütülmesi mevcuttur. Burada bilinçli ya da anestezi kobay ya vivo kan örnekleme teknikleri terminal olmayan dört farklı yaklaşımlar sunuyoruz.

Kobaylardaki Sigara Terminal Kan Örnekleme Teknikleri

Guinea pigs possess several biological similarities to humans and are validated experimental animal models1-3. However, the use of guinea pigs currently ...

non-terminal-blood-sampling-techniques-in-guinea-pigs

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

37.3K Görüntüleme.  University of Copenhagen.  Bilinen bir modeli olsa da, kobay şu anda deneysel hayvan bilimleri bir niş temsil eder ve sınırlı veri çoğu prosedürlerin yürütülmesi mevcuttur. Burada bilinçli ya da anestezi kobay ya vivo kan örnekleme teknikleri terminal olmayan dört farklı yaklaşımlar sunuyoruz. 

Video: Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs

Drawing Blood from Rats through the Saphenous Vein and by Cardiac Puncture

Drawing blood from rodents is necessary for a large number of both in vitro and in vivo studies. Sites of blood draws are numerous in rodents: retro-orbital sinus, jugular vein, maxillary vein, saphenous vein, heart. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and some are not approved any more in some countries (e.g., retro-orbital draws in Holland). A discussion of different techniques for drawing blood are available 1-3.
Here, we present two techniques for drawing blood from rats, each with its specific applications.
Blood draw from the saphenous vein, provided it is done properly, induces minimal distress in animals and does not require anesthesia. This technique allows repeated draws of small amounts of blood, such as needed for pharmacokinetic studies 4,5, determining plasma chemistry, or blood counts 6.
Cardiac puncture allows the collection of large amounts of blood from a single animal (up to 10 ml of blood can be drawn from a 150 g rat). This technique is therefore very useful as a terminal procedure when drawing blood from the saphenous would not provide a large enough sample. We use cardiac puncture when we need sufficient amounts of serum from a specific strain of rats to grow T lymphocyte lines in vitro 4-9.

Blood draws are necessary in a large number of studies, for example to study the pharmacokinetics profile of a compound. Here, we demonstrate how to draw blood from rats using two techniques: blood draw from the saphenous vein or by cardiac puncture.

Safen Ven ve Kardiyak Delinme Ratlarda Kan Alma

Drawing blood from rodents is necessary for a large number of both in vitro and in vivo studies. Sites of blood draws are numerous in rodents: ...

Biyoloji

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. We have demonstrated that plasmid-DNA (pDNA) vaccine delivery into the skin elicits robust humoral responses in the guinea pig. However, the use of this animal to model immune responses was somewhat limited in the past due to the lack of available reagents and protocols to study T cell responses. T cells play a pivotal role in both immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic mechanisms. Understanding T cell responses is crucial for the development of infectious disease and oncology vaccines and accommodating delivery devices. Here we describe an interferon-gamma (IFN-&#947;) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The assay enables researchers to characterize vaccine-specific T-cell responses in this important rodent model. The ability to assay cells isolated from the peripheral blood provides the opportunity to track immunogenicity in individual animals.

The development of the interferon-gamma ELISpot assay for guinea pig PBMCs allows the characterization of T-cell responses in this highly relevant model for studying infectious diseases. We have applied the assay to measure T cell responses associated with intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines.

En iyi duruma getirilmiş Interferon-gamma ELISpot tahlil ölçü birimi T hücre yanıtları sonrasi hipererjik eskiden şiling şimdi domuz modelinde

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Subclavian Vein Puncture As an Alternative Method of Blood Sample Collection in Rats

Blood collection with enough blood volume is essential in animal experiments. Blood collection from the tail vein of rats is popular and less stressful compared to other more aggressive methods such as retro-orbital plexus sample collection. However, this blood collection method is sometimes limited by an unsatisfactory success rate. Here, we introduce a method for blood collection through the subclavian vein puncture. The subclavian vein is located just under the clavicle and this vein is large enough to fulfill the volume requirements of blood collection. Our results show that this method is safe and applicable for blood collection sampling with the required blood volume. Blood collection through the subclavian vein puncture could serve as an alternative blood collection method in case of failed tail vein blood sampling in rats.

Here, we present a protocol to collect blood samples from the rat subclavian vein.

Subklaviyan ven ponksiyon kan örnek fareleri koleksiyonunda alternatif bir yöntem olarak

Blood collection with enough blood volume is essential in animal experiments. Blood collection from the tail vein of rats is popular and less stressful ...

Tıp

A Revised Surgical Approach to Induce Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Guinea Pig

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) remain unclear. In order to adequately study the attributes of endolymphatic hydrops, such as the origins of low-frequency hearing loss, a reliable model is needed. The guinea pig is a&#160;good model because it hears in the low-frequency regions that are putatively affected by endolymphatic hydrops. Previous research has demonstrated that endolymphatic hydrops can be induced surgically via intradural or extradural approaches that involve drilling on the endolymphatic duct and sac. However, whether it was possible to create an endolymphatic hydrops model using an extradural approach that avoided dangerous drilling on the endolymphatic duct and sac was unknown. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a revised extradural approach to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops at 30 days post-operatively by obliterating the endolymphatic sac and injuring the endolymphatic duct with a fine pick. The sample size consisted of seven guinea pigs. Functional measurements of hearing were made and temporal bones were subsequently harvested for histologic analysis. The approach had a success rate of 86% in achieving endolymphatic hydrops. The risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak was minimal. No perioperative deaths or injuries to the posterior semicircular canal occurred in the sample. The presented method demonstrates a safe and reliable way to induce endolymphatic hydrops at a relatively quick time point of 30 days. The clinical implications are that the presented method provides a reliable model to further explore the origins of low-frequency hearing loss that can be associated endolymphatic hydrops.

This article demonstrates an extradural approach to obliterate the guinea pig endolymphatic sac and injure the endolymphatic duct with a fine pick in order to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops.

Kobayda Endolenfatik Hidrops İndüklemek için Gözden Geçirilmiş Cerrahi Yaklaşım

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) ...

Nörobilim

Continuous Blood Sampling in Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Measurement of the Arterial Input Function

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal blood time-activity concentration also known as arterial input function (AIF) is a key point, especially for the characterization of animal disease models and the introduction of newly developed radiotracers. The knowledge of radiotracer availability in the blood helps to interpret PET/CT-derived data of tissue activity. For this purpose, online blood sampling during the PET/CT imaging is advisable to measure the AIF. In contrast to manual blood sampling and image-derived approaches, continuous online blood sampling has several advantages. Besides the minimized blood loss, there is an improved resolution and a superior accuracy for the blood activity measurement. However, the major drawback of online blood sampling is the costly and time-consuming preparation to catheterize the femoral vessels of the animal. Here, we describe an easy and complete workflow for catheterization and continuous blood sampling during small animal PET/CT imaging and compared it to manual blood sampling and an image-derived approach. Using this highly-standardized workflow, the determination of the fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) AIF is demonstrated. Further, this procedure can be applied to any radiotracer in combination with different animal models to create fundamental knowledge of tracer kinetic and model characteristics. This allows a more precise evaluation of the behavior of pharmaceuticals, both for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the preclinical research of oncological, neurodegenerative and myocardial diseases.

Here a protocol for continuous blood sampling during PET/CT imaging of rats to measure the arterial input function (AIF) is described. The catheterization, the calibration and setup of the system and the data analysis of the blood radioactivity are demonstrated. The generated data provide input parameters for subsequent bio-kinetic modeling.

Küçük hayvan Pozitron Emisyon Tomografi/Bilgisayarlı tomografi sürekli kan örnekleme arteriyel giriş fonksiyon ölçümü sağlar

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal ...

Sampling Blood from the Lateral Tail Vein of the Rat

Blood samples are commonly obtained in many experimental contexts to measure targets of interest, including hormones, immune factors, growth factors, proteins, and glucose, yet the composition of the blood is dynamically regulated and easily perturbed. One factor that can change the blood composition is the stress response triggered by the sampling procedure, which can contribute to variability in the measures of interest. Here we describe a procedure for blood sampling from the lateral tail vein in the rat. This procedure offers significant advantages over other more commonly used techniques. It permits rapid sampling with minimal pain or invasiveness, without anesthesia or analgesia. Additionally, it can be used to obtain large volume samples (upwards of 1 ml in some rats), and it may be used repeatedly across experimental days. By minimizing the stress response and pain resulting from blood sampling, measures can more accurately reflect the true basal state of the animal, with minimal influence from the sampling procedure itself.

Blood samples are useful for assessing biomarkers of physiological states or disease in vivo. Here we describe the methodology to sample blood from the lateral tail vein in the rat. This method provides rapid samples with minimal pain and invasiveness.

Rat Yanal Kuyruk Ven gelen Kan Örnekleme

Blood samples are commonly obtained in many experimental contexts to measure targets of interest, including hormones, immune factors, growth factors, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to detect drug exposure. The rat blood sampling method determines the quality of the plasma and further affects the precision of the test results. The subclavian vein blood collection method described in this protocol collects blood samples repeatedly in the conscious state of animals to meet the needs of PK and TK tests. The skills of restraint handling and appropriate procedure of needle incision ensure the success rate of blood collection. It is easy to operate while ensuring the quality of plasma and at the same time catering to animal welfare. However, this method requires skilled operation, and an improper one may cause animal weakness, pain, lameness, and even mortality. The current method has been used in the testing facility for a 4-week oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with TK. The maximum amount of blood collected within 24 h did not exceed 20% of the animal's total blood. The animals' body weight was more than 200 g for males and females. The data showed that the animals' bodyweight increased steadily every week, and the clinical observation was normal after repetitive sample collection.

The present protocol describes a simple and efficient method for collecting blood from the subclavian vein in rats. It enables rapid, timely, and easily identifiable sampling without anesthesia and obtains high-quality blood through repetitive sample collection.

Bilinçli Sıçan Subklaviyen Veninden Tekrarlayan Kan Örneklemesi

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets

Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been used to evaluate kidney function in conscious animals. This technique is well established in rodents to study acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. However, GFR measurement using the transdermal system has not been validated in pigs, a species with a similar renal system to humans. Hence, we investigated the effect of sepsis on transdermal GFR in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated neonatal pigs. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The transdermal GFR measurement system consisting of a miniaturized fluorescence sensor was attached to the pig's shaved skin to determine the clearance of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated sinistrin, an intravenously injected GFR tracer. Our results show that at 12 h post-CLP, serum creatinine increased with a decrease in GFR. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the utility of the transdermal GFR approach in determining renal function in mechanically ventilated, neonatal pigs.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the ideal marker for assessing kidney function. However, the standard measurement method using inulin injection with serial blood and urine analysis is impractical. This article delineates a practical method to measure GFR transdermally in piglets.

Mekanik Havalandırmalı Domuz Yavrularında Glomerüler Filtrasyon Hızının Transdermal Ölçümü

Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been used to evaluate kidney function in conscious animals. This technique is well ...

Sıçanlarda Kan Alma Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırmalı Çalışması

Modified Tail Vein and Penile Vein Puncture for Blood Sampling in the Rat Model

Blood samples are required in most experimental animal designs to assess various hematological parameters. This paper presents two procedures for blood collection in rats: the lateral tail vein puncture and the dorsal penile vein puncture, which offer significant advantages over other previously described techniques. This study shows that these two procedures allow for fast sampling (under 10 min) and yield sufficient blood volumes for most assays (202 &#956;L &#177; 67.7 &#956;L). The dorsal penile vein puncture must be done under anesthesia, whereas the lateral tail vein puncture can be done on a conscious, restrained animal.
Alternating these two techniques, therefore, enables blood draw in any situation. While it is always recommended for an operator to be assisted during a procedure to ensure animal welfare, these techniques require only a single operator, unlike most blood sampling methods that require two. Moreover, whereas these previously described methods (e.g., jugular stick, subclavian vein blood draw) require extensive prior training to avoid harm to or death of the animal, tail vein and dorsal penile vein puncture are rarely fatal. For all these reasons, and according to the context (e.g., for studies including male rats, during the perioperative or immediate postoperative period, for animals with thin tail veins), both techniques can be used alternately to enable repeated blood draws.

Yazar Spotlight: Sıçanlarda Bağlama Bağlı Kan Alma Yöntemleri 

Here, we present a protocol to offer rapid, easy, and reliable blood collection alternatives for the rat model. We describe three different blood sampling methods according to the context: tail vein puncture under anesthesia or on a conscious animal, and dorsal penile vein puncture under anesthesia.

Sıçan Modelinde Kan Örneklemesi için Modifiye Kuyruk Veni ve Penil Ven Delinmesi

Blood samples are required in most experimental animal designs to assess various hematological parameters. This paper presents two procedures for blood ...

Kobaylardaki Sigara Terminal Kan Örnekleme Teknikleri

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Sıçan Modelinde Kan Örneklemesi için Modifiye Kuyruk Veni ve Penil Ven Delinmesi

Sıçan Modelinde Kan Örneklemesi için Modifiye Kuyruk Veni ve Penil Ven Delinmesi