Name: non-terminal blood sampling techniques in guinea pigs
Uploaded: 2014-10-11T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 58 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs at JoVE.com

Reconocemos la asistencia en un crack de Annie B. Kristensen, Elisabeth V. Andersen, Belinda B. Bringtoft y los cuidadores de animales en el Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Frederiksberg Campus de la Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Copenhague, Dinamarca. Jacob Lønholdt se dio las gracias por su excelente asistencia técnica en la filmación de los procedimientos. Este estudio fue apoyado en parte por el Centro LifePharm en vivo y Farmacología de la Universidad de Copenhague.

Los procedimientos que se muestran se realizaron de acuerdo a los protocolos aprobados por el danés Experimentación Animal Inspección, dependiente del Ministerio de Alimentación, Agricultura y Pesca. 1. Sangre de muestreo desde el lateral safena o tarsal Vein <ol><li> Lleve a cabo este procedimiento sin anestesia y la ayuda de un investigador, que maneja el conejillo de indias, y una recogida de la muestra. </li><li> Afeitarse la región tarsal de la pata trasera con una rasuradora eléctrica hasta que las venas son visibles. Asegúrese de que el área es lo suficientemente grande para evitar la piel interferir con el sitio de punción. </li><li> Coloque las patas traseras en un baño de agua tibia y frote suavemente la pierna, por lo que las venas más dilatada y evidente. </li><li> Limpie la pierna con una toalla limpia y desinfecta la zona de punción con una gasa o un hisopo de algodón humedecido con alcohol al 70%. </li><li> Prohibir al conejillo de Indias y extender la pierna trasera hacia abajo mientras se aplica una presión suave inmediatamente por encima de la rodilla t conjuntao proporcionar la estasis. </li><li> La punción de la vena con una aguja 21 G o lanceta. Recoger la sangre por ejemplo., Mediante el uso de un tubo de recogida o capilar. Manipular suavemente la pierna para ayudar al flujo sanguíneo. </li><li> Soltar la estasis, una vez que se ha obtenido la muestra. Aplicar un trozo de gasa o algodón lana con una suave presión sobre el área hasta que el sangrado se ha detenido. </li><li> Volver al animal a su jaula y el monitor durante 5-10 minutos para asegurar la hemostasia. </li></ol> 2. de muestra de sangre de la vena de la oreja <ol><li> Realice este procedimiento sin anestesia ya sea solo o, preferiblemente, con la ayuda de un colega. </li><li> Desinfectar la superficie dorsal de la oreja con una gasa o un hisopo de algodón humedecido con alcohol al 70%. </li><li> Aplique una leve presión sobre la base de la oreja para proporcionar la estasis. </li><li> La punción de la vena con una aguja 21 G o lanceta, y recoger la sangre. </li><li> Suelte la estasis, una vez obtenida la muestra, Aplicar un trozo de gasa o un algodón con gepresión ntle al sitio de punción hasta que el sangrado se ha detenido. </li><li> Volver al animal a su jaula y el monitor durante 5-10 minutos para asegurar la hemostasia. </li></ol> 3. Sangre de muestreo de la vena yugular <ol><li> Esta operación se realizará mediante la ayuda de un investigador adicional; que maneja el conejillo de indias y una recogida de la muestra. </li><li> Anestesiar el conejillo de indias con un anestésico adecuado para toda la duración de este procedimiento. Una mezcla de tiletamina (0,93 mg / kg), zolazepam (0,93 mg / kg), xilazina (1,49 mg / kg) y butorfanol (0,06 mg / kg) puede ser utilizado. </li><li> Coloque el conejillo de indias anestesiados en su parte posterior y retraer con suavidad las patas delanteras en sentido caudal. </li><li> Afeitado y desinfectar (por ejemplo., Con 70% de alcohol) la parte ventral del cuello. </li><li> Escudo la jeringa con heparina o EDTA antes del muestreo con el fin de reducir el riesgo de coagulación. </li><li> Palpar la clavícula e inserte un 25 G (o 23 G) de aguja montada en una jeringa de 1 ml apmadamente 1 cm lateral a la línea media a nivel de la articulación del hombro. Conservar la jeringa en un ángulo ligeramente hacia arriba y medial mientras se aplica una ligera presión negativa. Evitar daños en las estructuras subyacentes como la vena yugular se encuentra bastante superficial. Incline el cuello del cuy ligeramente hacia atrás para proporcionar un aumento de la estasis de la vena. </li><li> Suelte las patas delanteras cuando se obtiene la muestra de sangre, y aliviar la estasis antes se retrae la aguja. Use un pedazo seco de gasa o un algodón para aplicar una suave presión sobre el sitio de la punción. </li><li> Volver al animal a una jaula de recuperación y seguimiento para asegurar la hemostasia y la recuperación de la anestesia. </li></ol>

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K., Halliwell, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+fat+diets+and+pathology+in+the+guinea+pig+Atherosclerosis+or+liver+damage.">High fat diets and pathology in the guinea pig Atherosclerosis or liver damage.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1832 (2), 355-364 (2013).</li><li>Tveden-Nyborg, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+vitamin+C+deficiency+during+pregnancy+persistently+impairs+hippocampal+neurogenesis+in+offspring+of+guinea+pigs.">Maternal vitamin C deficiency during pregnancy persistently impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in offspring of guinea pigs.</a> PLoS One. 7 (10), 12-18391 (2012).</li><li>Schjoldager, J. 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Los autores no tienen nada que revelar. Todos los procedimientos fueron aprobados por la Ley de Experimentación Animal de Dinamarca, que está de acuerdo con el Consejo de Europa del Convenio ETS 123.

En comparación con los ratones y las ratas, conejillos de Indias son temerosos por naturaleza y deben ser abordados con calma y manejados correctamente para reducir el estrés. Desde el punto de vista del bienestar animal, actuando con cuidado es naturalmente una prioridad; Sin embargo, esto también reducirá el riesgo de efectos de ansiedad asociada a los datos recogidos por ej., aumento de los niveles sanguíneos de corticosteroides y glucosa 12. Del mismo modo, la manipulación diaria habituar a...

La cobaya es un modelo animal experimental valiosa y validado debido a un número de similitudes biológicas a los seres humanos, tales como un requisito para un suministro dietético de la vitamina C, la lipoproteína de plasma comparables enzimas metabolizadoras y perfiles de lipoproteínas, así como similitudes compartidas con placentación humana y 1-3,7,8 desarrollo prenatal. Esto hace que el conejillo de indias un modelo atractivo y conveniente para efectos de las enfermedades asociadas a la dieta tales como la enfermedad no alcohólica del hígado graso, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y los efectos putativos de la deficiencia de vitamina C, sino también el efecto de, por ejemplo estudiando., Intervención dietética materna en el desarrollo descendencia. Muestreo de sangre repetida a menudo se requiere tanto a largo como a corto plazo en los estudios in vivo. Debido a las diferencias anatómicas específicas de las especies es necesaria la modulación de la técnica de muestreo para obtener muestras de sangre en los conejillos de indias en comparación con otros modelos de roedores <sup&gt; 4,5. Esto incluye la variación en el curso de las venas y arterias, y también que los conejillos de indias no tienen una cola, por lo tanto tiene diferentes requisitos y opciones tanto para el muestreo y la manipulación. El muestreo de la safena o vena tarsal, induce mínimas molestias y el estrés en el animal y no requiere anestesia 3,9. Esta técnica permite que las muestras de pequeñas cantidades de sangre (100-400 l), por ejemplo repitió., Para determinar los marcadores bioquímicos en el plasma. Si un tamaño de muestra incluso más pequeño es suficiente (50-100 l), esto con bastante facilidad puede obtenerse por punción de la vena de la oreja. Esta técnica también se puede llevar a cabo en animales conscientes y es útil por ejemplo cuando se mide la glucosa en sangre 10,11. El muestreo de la vena yugular permite colección de grandes cantidades de sangre (1-2 ml), pero requiere anestesia. A continuación, presentamos cuatro técnicas de muestreo de sangre diferentes, ya sea para cobayas conscientes o anestesiados. El procedures son todos los procedimientos no terminales siempre que los volúmenes de muestra y número de muestras no exceden las directrices para la recogida de sangre en animales de laboratorio 6. Es en interés de la buena ciencia, así como de bienestar de los animales que el estrés se debe mantener a un mínimo. En consecuencia, sólo bien entrenado y personal competente debe realizar los procedimientos con animales.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Electric shaver</td><td>Wella (Contura), Denmark</td><td>273207</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Syringes&amp;nbsp;</td><td>B.Braun-Omnifix-F, Germany</td><td>9161406V</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Needles</td><td>BD Microlance, Spain</td><td>301156</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Microvette collection tube&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sarstedt, D-51588N&amp;uuml;mbrecht, Germany</td><td>201,288,100</td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Accu-Check analyzer</td><td>Roche A/S Diagnostics, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin 5000 IE/ml</td><td>LEO Pharma, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia</td><td>Zoletil 50, Chemvet, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia</td><td>Narcoxyl vet 20 mg/ml, Intervet, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia</td><td>Torbugesic vet 10 mg/ml, Scanvet, Denmark</td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Neutral eye ointment</td><td></td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Gauze or a cotton swab&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant (70% alcohol)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Alternative product may be used. Multiple suppliers</td></tr></tbody></table>

non-terminal blood sampling techniques in guinea pigs

Los conejillos de indias poseen varias similitudes biológicas a los seres humanos y se validan los modelos animales experimentales 1-3. Sin embargo, el uso de conejillos de indias actualmente representa un área relativamente estrecha de datos de investigación y descriptivos sobre la metodología específica es correspondientemente escasa. Las características anatómicas de los conejillos de Indias son un poco diferente de otros modelos de roedores, por lo tanto, la modulación de las técnicas de muestreo para dar cabida a las diferencias específicas de cada especie, por ejemplo., En comparación con los ratones y las ratas, son necesarias para obtener muestras suficientes y de alta calidad. Como tanto a largo como a corto plazo en los estudios in vivo a menudo requieren repetir el muestreo de sangre la elección de la técnica debe ser bien considerado con el fin de reducir el estrés y el malestar en los animales, sino también para asegurar la supervivencia, así como el cumplimiento de los requisitos de tamaño de la muestra y la accesibilidad. Muestras de sangre venosa se ​​pueden obtener en un número de sitios en los conejillos de indias por ejemplo., La safena y yugularvenas, cada técnica que contiene tanto ventajas como desventajas 4,5. A continuación, presentamos cuatro técnicas de muestreo de sangre diferentes, ya sea para cobayas conscientes o anestesiados. Los procedimientos son los procedimientos no terminales siempre que los volúmenes de muestra y número de muestras no exceden las directrices para la recogida de sangre en animales de laboratorio 6. Todos los métodos descritos han sido probados y solicitado repetido en el muestreo de sangre in vivo en los estudios dentro de nuestro centro de investigación a fondo.

Se han presentado cuatro enfoques diferentes de técnicas in vivo no terminales en muestras de sangre, ya sea en cobayas conscientes o anestesiados. Figura 1 ilustra el curso de la safena y la vena lateral del tarso en el conejillo de indias y los posibles sitios de punción. Venas del oído visibles en la superficie dorsal de una oreja de cerdo de guinea se ilustran en la Figura 2 Estas venas pueden ser utilizados para tomar muestras de sangre cuando se requiere sólo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs at JoVE.com

Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs

Aunque un modelo conocido, el conejillo de indias en la actualidad representa un nicho en las ciencias experimentales en animales y datos limitados está disponible en la ejecución de la mayoría de los procedimientos. Aquí presentamos cuatro enfoques diferentes para no terminal en las técnicas de muestreo de sangre in vivo, ya sea en cobayas conscientes o anestesiados.

Técnicas de muestreo de sangre no terminal en los conejillos de Indias

Guinea pigs possess several biological similarities to humans and are validated experimental animal models1-3. However, the use of guinea pigs currently ...

non-terminal-blood-sampling-techniques-in-guinea-pigs

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

37.3K vistas.  University of Copenhagen.  Aunque un modelo conocido, el conejillo de indias en la actualidad representa un nicho en las ciencias experimentales en animales y datos limitados está disponible en la ejecución de la mayoría de los procedimientos. Aquí presentamos cuatro enfoques diferentes para no terminal en las técnicas de muestreo de sangre in vivo, ya sea en cobayas conscientes o anestesiados. 

Video: Non-Terminal Blood Sampling Techniques in Guinea Pigs

Drawing Blood from Rats through the Saphenous Vein and by Cardiac Puncture

Drawing blood from rodents is necessary for a large number of both in vitro and in vivo studies. Sites of blood draws are numerous in rodents: retro-orbital sinus, jugular vein, maxillary vein, saphenous vein, heart. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and some are not approved any more in some countries (e.g., retro-orbital draws in Holland). A discussion of different techniques for drawing blood are available 1-3.
Here, we present two techniques for drawing blood from rats, each with its specific applications.
Blood draw from the saphenous vein, provided it is done properly, induces minimal distress in animals and does not require anesthesia. This technique allows repeated draws of small amounts of blood, such as needed for pharmacokinetic studies 4,5, determining plasma chemistry, or blood counts 6.
Cardiac puncture allows the collection of large amounts of blood from a single animal (up to 10 ml of blood can be drawn from a 150 g rat). This technique is therefore very useful as a terminal procedure when drawing blood from the saphenous would not provide a large enough sample. We use cardiac puncture when we need sufficient amounts of serum from a specific strain of rats to grow T lymphocyte lines in vitro 4-9.

Blood draws are necessary in a large number of studies, for example to study the pharmacokinetics profile of a compound. Here, we demonstrate how to draw blood from rats using two techniques: blood draw from the saphenous vein or by cardiac puncture.

La extracción de sangre de las ratas a través de la vena safena y por punción cardiaca

Drawing blood from rodents is necessary for a large number of both in vitro and in vivo studies. Sites of blood draws are numerous in rodents: ...

Investigación

Biología

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. We have demonstrated that plasmid-DNA (pDNA) vaccine delivery into the skin elicits robust humoral responses in the guinea pig. However, the use of this animal to model immune responses was somewhat limited in the past due to the lack of available reagents and protocols to study T cell responses. T cells play a pivotal role in both immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic mechanisms. Understanding T cell responses is crucial for the development of infectious disease and oncology vaccines and accommodating delivery devices. Here we describe an interferon-gamma (IFN-&#947;) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The assay enables researchers to characterize vaccine-specific T-cell responses in this important rodent model. The ability to assay cells isolated from the peripheral blood provides the opportunity to track immunogenicity in individual animals.

The development of the interferon-gamma ELISpot assay for guinea pig PBMCs allows the characterization of T-cell responses in this highly relevant model for studying infectious diseases. We have applied the assay to measure T cell responses associated with intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines.

Optimizado de interferón-gamma ELISpot análisis a las respuestas de la célula de T de medida en el modelo de conejillo de Indias después de la vacunación

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, ...

Inmunología e Infección

Subclavian Vein Puncture As an Alternative Method of Blood Sample Collection in Rats

Blood collection with enough blood volume is essential in animal experiments. Blood collection from the tail vein of rats is popular and less stressful compared to other more aggressive methods such as retro-orbital plexus sample collection. However, this blood collection method is sometimes limited by an unsatisfactory success rate. Here, we introduce a method for blood collection through the subclavian vein puncture. The subclavian vein is located just under the clavicle and this vein is large enough to fulfill the volume requirements of blood collection. Our results show that this method is safe and applicable for blood collection sampling with the required blood volume. Blood collection through the subclavian vein puncture could serve as an alternative blood collection method in case of failed tail vein blood sampling in rats.

Here, we present a protocol to collect blood samples from the rat subclavian vein.

Punción de la vena subclavia como método alternativo de recogida de muestras de sangre en las ratas

Blood collection with enough blood volume is essential in animal experiments. Blood collection from the tail vein of rats is popular and less stressful ...

Medicina

A Revised Surgical Approach to Induce Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Guinea Pig

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) remain unclear. In order to adequately study the attributes of endolymphatic hydrops, such as the origins of low-frequency hearing loss, a reliable model is needed. The guinea pig is a&#160;good model because it hears in the low-frequency regions that are putatively affected by endolymphatic hydrops. Previous research has demonstrated that endolymphatic hydrops can be induced surgically via intradural or extradural approaches that involve drilling on the endolymphatic duct and sac. However, whether it was possible to create an endolymphatic hydrops model using an extradural approach that avoided dangerous drilling on the endolymphatic duct and sac was unknown. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a revised extradural approach to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops at 30 days post-operatively by obliterating the endolymphatic sac and injuring the endolymphatic duct with a fine pick. The sample size consisted of seven guinea pigs. Functional measurements of hearing were made and temporal bones were subsequently harvested for histologic analysis. The approach had a success rate of 86% in achieving endolymphatic hydrops. The risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak was minimal. No perioperative deaths or injuries to the posterior semicircular canal occurred in the sample. The presented method demonstrates a safe and reliable way to induce endolymphatic hydrops at a relatively quick time point of 30 days. The clinical implications are that the presented method provides a reliable model to further explore the origins of low-frequency hearing loss that can be associated endolymphatic hydrops.

This article demonstrates an extradural approach to obliterate the guinea pig endolymphatic sac and injure the endolymphatic duct with a fine pick in order to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops.

Un enfoque quirúrgico revisado para inducir hidrops endoifáticos en el cerdo de Guinea

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) ...

Neurociencias

Continuous Blood Sampling in Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Measurement of the Arterial Input Function

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal blood time-activity concentration also known as arterial input function (AIF) is a key point, especially for the characterization of animal disease models and the introduction of newly developed radiotracers. The knowledge of radiotracer availability in the blood helps to interpret PET/CT-derived data of tissue activity. For this purpose, online blood sampling during the PET/CT imaging is advisable to measure the AIF. In contrast to manual blood sampling and image-derived approaches, continuous online blood sampling has several advantages. Besides the minimized blood loss, there is an improved resolution and a superior accuracy for the blood activity measurement. However, the major drawback of online blood sampling is the costly and time-consuming preparation to catheterize the femoral vessels of the animal. Here, we describe an easy and complete workflow for catheterization and continuous blood sampling during small animal PET/CT imaging and compared it to manual blood sampling and an image-derived approach. Using this highly-standardized workflow, the determination of the fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) AIF is demonstrated. Further, this procedure can be applied to any radiotracer in combination with different animal models to create fundamental knowledge of tracer kinetic and model characteristics. This allows a more precise evaluation of the behavior of pharmaceuticals, both for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the preclinical research of oncological, neurodegenerative and myocardial diseases.

Here a protocol for continuous blood sampling during PET/CT imaging of rats to measure the arterial input function (AIF) is described. The catheterization, the calibration and setup of the system and the data analysis of the blood radioactivity are demonstrated. The generated data provide input parameters for subsequent bio-kinetic modeling.

El muestreo sanguíneo continuo en tomografía por emisión de positrones de animales pequeños permite la medición de la función de entrada arterial

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal ...

Sampling Blood from the Lateral Tail Vein of the Rat

Blood samples are commonly obtained in many experimental contexts to measure targets of interest, including hormones, immune factors, growth factors, proteins, and glucose, yet the composition of the blood is dynamically regulated and easily perturbed. One factor that can change the blood composition is the stress response triggered by the sampling procedure, which can contribute to variability in the measures of interest. Here we describe a procedure for blood sampling from the lateral tail vein in the rat. This procedure offers significant advantages over other more commonly used techniques. It permits rapid sampling with minimal pain or invasiveness, without anesthesia or analgesia. Additionally, it can be used to obtain large volume samples (upwards of 1 ml in some rats), and it may be used repeatedly across experimental days. By minimizing the stress response and pain resulting from blood sampling, measures can more accurately reflect the true basal state of the animal, with minimal influence from the sampling procedure itself.

Blood samples are useful for assessing biomarkers of physiological states or disease in vivo. Here we describe the methodology to sample blood from the lateral tail vein in the rat. This method provides rapid samples with minimal pain and invasiveness.

Toma de muestras de sangre de la vena lateral de la cola de la rata

Blood samples are commonly obtained in many experimental contexts to measure targets of interest, including hormones, immune factors, growth factors, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to detect drug exposure. The rat blood sampling method determines the quality of the plasma and further affects the precision of the test results. The subclavian vein blood collection method described in this protocol collects blood samples repeatedly in the conscious state of animals to meet the needs of PK and TK tests. The skills of restraint handling and appropriate procedure of needle incision ensure the success rate of blood collection. It is easy to operate while ensuring the quality of plasma and at the same time catering to animal welfare. However, this method requires skilled operation, and an improper one may cause animal weakness, pain, lameness, and even mortality. The current method has been used in the testing facility for a 4-week oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with TK. The maximum amount of blood collected within 24 h did not exceed 20% of the animal's total blood. The animals' body weight was more than 200 g for males and females. The data showed that the animals' bodyweight increased steadily every week, and the clinical observation was normal after repetitive sample collection.

The present protocol describes a simple and efficient method for collecting blood from the subclavian vein in rats. It enables rapid, timely, and easily identifiable sampling without anesthesia and obtains high-quality blood through repetitive sample collection.

Muestreo repetitivo de sangre de la vena subclavia de rata consciente

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets

Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been used to evaluate kidney function in conscious animals. This technique is well established in rodents to study acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. However, GFR measurement using the transdermal system has not been validated in pigs, a species with a similar renal system to humans. Hence, we investigated the effect of sepsis on transdermal GFR in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated neonatal pigs. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The transdermal GFR measurement system consisting of a miniaturized fluorescence sensor was attached to the pig's shaved skin to determine the clearance of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated sinistrin, an intravenously injected GFR tracer. Our results show that at 12 h post-CLP, serum creatinine increased with a decrease in GFR. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the utility of the transdermal GFR approach in determining renal function in mechanically ventilated, neonatal pigs.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the ideal marker for assessing kidney function. However, the standard measurement method using inulin injection with serial blood and urine analysis is impractical. This article delineates a practical method to measure GFR transdermally in piglets.

Medición transdérmica de la tasa de filtración glomerular en lechones ventilados mecánicamente

Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been used to evaluate kidney function in conscious animals. This technique is well ...

Estudio comparativo de las técnicas de extracción de sangre en ratas

Modified Tail Vein and Penile Vein Puncture for Blood Sampling in the Rat Model

Blood samples are required in most experimental animal designs to assess various hematological parameters. This paper presents two procedures for blood collection in rats: the lateral tail vein puncture and the dorsal penile vein puncture, which offer significant advantages over other previously described techniques. This study shows that these two procedures allow for fast sampling (under 10 min) and yield sufficient blood volumes for most assays (202 &#956;L &#177; 67.7 &#956;L). The dorsal penile vein puncture must be done under anesthesia, whereas the lateral tail vein puncture can be done on a conscious, restrained animal.
Alternating these two techniques, therefore, enables blood draw in any situation. While it is always recommended for an operator to be assisted during a procedure to ensure animal welfare, these techniques require only a single operator, unlike most blood sampling methods that require two. Moreover, whereas these previously described methods (e.g., jugular stick, subclavian vein blood draw) require extensive prior training to avoid harm to or death of the animal, tail vein and dorsal penile vein puncture are rarely fatal. For all these reasons, and according to the context (e.g., for studies including male rats, during the perioperative or immediate postoperative period, for animals with thin tail veins), both techniques can be used alternately to enable repeated blood draws.

Autor destacado: Métodos de recolección de sangre dependientes del contexto en ratas 

Here, we present a protocol to offer rapid, easy, and reliable blood collection alternatives for the rat model. We describe three different blood sampling methods according to the context: tail vein puncture under anesthesia or on a conscious animal, and dorsal penile vein puncture under anesthesia.

Punción modificada de la vena de la cola y la vena del pene para el muestreo de sangre en el modelo de rata

Blood samples are required in most experimental animal designs to assess various hematological parameters. This paper presents two procedures for blood ...

Técnicas de muestreo de sangre no terminal en los conejillos de Indias

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