Bu çalışma Simons Vakfı (SFARI # 89638 RB) bir hibe ile desteklenmiştir.

Aşağıdaki protokol Washington Üniversitesi kurumsal inceleme kurulu kurallara bağlıdır. 1.. Elektrofizyolojik Değerlendirmesi <ol><li> Oturum hazırlanması <ol><li> Oda hazırlığı: place manipulandum (bkz. Şekil 1), bu katılımcının ulaşmak açgözlü içinde masaya, kavradı zaman toplama yazılımı için zaman damgalı bir işaretleyici gönderir bağlı bir sensör, bir ahşap blok. EEG toplama yazılımı etkinleştirin ve &quot;yeni bir oturum&quot; (Şekil S1) başlar. </li><li> Net hazırlanması: 104 ° F, damıtılmış su (1 L), potasyum klorür (1 çorba kaşığı), ve bebek şampuanı (1 çay kaşığı) sıcak çözeltisi Isındı tuzlu su çözeltisi 128-elektrot yoğun-dizisi EEG sistemi bekletin. </li><li> Katılımcı hazırlığı: katılımcı video cam görünümünde rahatça yaklaşık 75 cm uyaran sunum monitörden ve tam oturduğundan emindönemi. Bul ve bir cilt işaretleyici ile katılımcının kafasına köşe işaretleyin. Nasion ve inion ile preauriculars arasındaki orta noktası arasındaki orta noktanın kavşak bularak köşe ölçün. </li><li> Net uygulama: vertex elektrot tepe işareti üzerinde doğrudan yerleştirilir şekilde katılımcının kafasına EEG kapağını yerleştirin. Empedanslarını kontrol edin ve empedansları eşiğin altında kullanımda EEG sistemine (Şekil S2) için uygun olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> Video bantla oturumu başlayacak. </li></ol></li><li> Kayıt kurulum: köşe elektrot Referans sinyal. 0.1 ve 100 Hz arasında analog filtre, sinyali yükseltmek ve / sn 500 örneklerinde dijitalize. </li><li> Uyaran sunum: gözlemlemek yürütmek ve dinlenme, Muthukumaraswamy ve arkadaşları 5 tarafından geliştirilen paradigma adapte: 3 koşulları ile mevcut katılımcı. <ol><li> Durumunu gözlemlemek: sessizce oturup izlemek için katılımcı bilgilendirinmanipulandum doyumsuz bir kişinin video. Her deneme 6 sn sürmelidir. Tam gözlenen kavramak tam 3 sn gerçekleşir sağlamak için zaman gözlemlemek denemeleri için önceden kaydedilmiş video. Görev sırasında katılımcının görsel dikkatini izlemek, ve post-işleme sırasında atılması ekrana onlar gitmeyen sırasında denemeler işaretleyin. </li><li> Koşulu Execute: sadece manipulandum sağ el aşağıda dinlenme ile sessizce oturup, bir önceden kaydedilmiş işitsel işaret işitme üzerine, gözlemlemek koşulu video klipten manipulandum kapmak taklit için katılımcı bilgilendirin. Her deneme 6 sn sürmelidir. Işitsel işaret koruyan bir işitsel takip prerecording tarafından tam 3 sn sunulan emin olun sürekli işaret ve inter-deneme aralığını yürütmek uğradı. Tam katılımcının kavramak oluşur zaman (Şekil S3) kaydetmek için manipulandum bir sensör yararlanın. </li><li> Dinlenme durum: quie oturmak için katılımcı bilgilendirintly gözleri açık ve pasif uyaran monitörde küçük bir crosshair gözlemlemek ile. 3 dakika dinlenme durum sırasında Tutanak sürekli EEG. </li><li> Koşulları gözlemlemek ve yürütmek hem de, durum başına kırk çalışmaların toplam on çalışmaların mevcut randomize blok. Manipulandum görüntü denemeleri arasında da dahil olmak üzere, gözlemlemek ve yürütmek bloklar boyunca ekranda kalır emin olun. Gözlemlemek ve yürütmek koşulları bitiminde dinlenme durumunu yönetme. </li></ol></li><li> Veri İşleme <ol><li> Veri toplama takiben, empedanslarını tekrar kontrol edin. Empedans seviyelere herhangi bir değişiklik unutmayın. Toplama yazılımı Kaydı bitirmek. </li><li> Post-processing: ortalamasına Rereference EEG sinyali. Her durumda (Şekil S4) için kırk 6-sec çalışmalarda içine Segment sürekli EEG verileri. </li><li> Otomatik artefakt algılama Davranış. Exceedin hızlı ortalama genlikleri belirleyerek hareket eserler için segmentler incelemek için otomatik algoritmalar kullanıng 200 mV, 100 mV aşan ortalama genlikleri diferansiyel ve belirli bir deneme (Şekil S5) karşısında sıfır varyans. </li><li> Görsel verileri inceleme ve kavramak jest ilgisiz herhangi bir hareket dışlayıcı ile kontamine yürütme durumda herhangi bir hareket artefakt ve tüm denemeler ile kontamine gözlem durumda tüm denemeler kaldırmak için oturumu video inceleme ile teyit ederek manuel eserdir algılama Davranış. Analizinden önemli objeyle denemeler dışla. Katılmayan olarak satın alma sırasında işaretlenir olan tüm denemeler atın. Incelemek ve analiz altındaki her tanı grubunda için deneme ret oranı unutmayın. </li></ol></li><li> Veri analizi <ol><li> Başına Muthukumaraswamy vd. 5 hem gözlemlemek (fotosel ile işaretlenmiş olarak) ve (manipulandum sensör ile işaretlenmiş gibi) yürütmek koşulları sonra kavramak ve 1 saniye önce veri 1 sn oluşan 2 sn dönemini içine bölüm temizlenir denemeleri. Segment cgeri kalanı durumda 2 sn dönemini eğildi. </li><li> Hızlı Fourier Dönüşümü (FFT) Her segmenti dönüştürmek. Muthukumaraswamy vd. 5 aşağıdaki istatistiksel analizler için standart C3 ve C4 pozisyonları (çevreleyen her yarımkürede sekiz elektrot bir küme seçmek ve Bernier ve ark. 3) (Şekil 2). Her bir durum için, güç spektrumları hesaplamak için dahil deneme karşısında gücünü ortalama. </li><li> 8-13 Hz aralığında dinlenme durumu sırasında ortalama gücüne göre motor eylemin icrası veya gözlem, ya esnasında ortalama güç inceleyerek mu zayıflama hesaplayın. Zayıflatma derecesini belirlemek için bu oranın günlüğünü kullanın. Not: Bir pozitif bir değer büyütme temsil ederken negatif bir değer, yürütme ya da gözlem sırasında zayıflama temsil eder. Bu metodoloji, bireyler arasında değişkenlik hesap içine alır, ve oran şeklinde ifade değerlerinin olmayan normallik. &#39;br /&gt; Not: Bu protokol Net İstasyonu yazılım sürümü 4.1 ile 128-elektrot yoğun-dizisi EEG sistemi kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. Temel adımlar EEG sistemleri arasında benzer olmakla birlikte, toplama ve analiz protokolleri değişebilir. </li></ol></li></ol> 2.. Örnek Karakterizasyon <ol><li> Araştırma kayıtları, önceki katılımcı listeleri, ya da alan klinikler ve klinisyenler tavsiyeleri ile paradigma katılım için potansiyel hasta popülasyonu tespit. </li><li> Klinik yapı (örneğin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu) tanı kriterlerini karşılayan ve bu kafa travması, tümör, nöbet öyküsü ya da bozabilir antikonvülsant veya uyku hapı ilaç kullanımının varlığı gibi herhangi bir dışlayıcı kriterleri belirlemek olasılığı için ekran potansiyel katılımcılar elektrofizyolojik sinyal. </li><li> Altın standart tanı araçlarının (örneğin, Otizm Tanı Görüşmesi-Re kullanımı ile hasta popülasyonunun tanılama durumu onaylamakDenetlenen (ADI-R 11) ve Otizm Tanı Gözlem Programı-Jenerik (ADOS-G, 12) Tanısal ve İstatistiksel El Kitabı aşağıdaki uzman klinisyen tarafından yönetilen - 5. Basım (DSM-5) kriterleri 13. </li><li> Vb yaş, cinsiyet, bilişsel yetenek, gibi ilgi ilgili değişkenler, Bahisler kontrol numunesini tespit </li></ol>

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N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+correlates+of+action+observation+and+execution+in+14&#8208;month&#8208;old+infants:+An+event&#8208;related+EEG+desynchronization+study.">Neural correlates of action observation and execution in 14&#8208;month&#8208;old infants: An event&#8208;related EEG desynchronization study.</a> Dev. Sci. , 474-480 (2011).</li><li>Marshall, P. J., Meltzoff, A. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+mirroring+systems:+Exploring+the+EEG+mu+rhythm+in+human+infancy.">Neural mirroring systems: Exploring the EEG mu rhythm in human infancy.</a> Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. , 110-123 (2011).</li><li>Oberman, L., McCleery, J., Hubbard, E., Bernier, R., Pineda, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+changes+in+mu+suppression+to+observed+actions+in+individuals+with+autism+spectrum+disorders.">Developmental changes in mu suppression to observed actions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.</a> Soc. Cogn. Affective Neurosci. 8, 300-304 .</li></ol>

Yazarlar herhangi bir mali çıkarlarını beyan.

Klinik nüfusa mu ritim ve uygulamaya ilişkin elektrofizyolojik verilerin başarılı bir satın alma, işleme ve analiz gerektirir 1) EEG metodolojik araçları uygulaması, 2) dikkatli dışlayıcı algılama ve veri azaltma, mu ritim 3) doğru tanımlama, ve 4) klinik nüfus ve uygun kontrol grupları tanımlanması doğru olarak nitelendirilebilir. Uygun EEG metodoloji düzgün ve özenle entegre ekipman, uygun kap seçimi ve yerleştirme, sinyalin doğru amp...

Elektroensefalografi (EEG), beyin aktivitesini değerlendirmek ve kayıt etkili, verimli ve invaziv olmayan bir yöntemdir. Nöronlar beyinde ateş gibi, ortaya çıkan gerilim, güçlendirilmiş kaydedilir ve grafiksel olarak temsil edilebilir. EEG zamansal çözünürlüğü daha kısa beyin salınım şekillerindeki değişiklikler, hem de belirli uyaranlara beynin tepkisinin analizi analizine izin verir. Geri 19. yüzyıl sonundan kalma eski beyin görüntüleme tekniği, olmasına rağmen, EEG hala geniş çaplı uygulanabilirliği vardır. Fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (fMRI) mükemmel mekansal çözünürlüğe sahip olsa da, nispeten zayıf zamansal çözünürlüğe sahiptir. Bu prosesler, beyinde gerçekleştiği de inanılmaz hızı belirli FMRI değerlendirmesinin önemli bir sınırlandırmayı temsil etmektedir. EEG potansiyel i sağlayarak, milisaniyelik düzeyde elektriksel beyin aktivitesini değerlendirmek yeteneğine sahiptirbeynin işleme aşamaları içine NSight. Gelişen teknolojileri de EEG uygulanabilirliğini genişletmiştir. Kayıt sistemlerinin yoğunluğunda bir artış uzamsal çözünürlük konusunda EEG bazı sınırlamaları hafifletmek, kaynak lokalizasyonu tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi için izin verdi. Ayrıca, modern sistemler gibi bebek ve klinik örneklerin 1-3,28-30 olarak önceden kullanılamaz popülasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi için izin, önemli ölçüde bireysel katılımcı set-up süresini azalttı. Mükemmel zamansal çözünürlük göz önüne alındığında, EEG, belirli davranışların, devletler, ya da dış uyaranlara ilgili nöral cevabı incelemek için kullanılabilir. Bu programı bir örneği insanlarda ayna nöron sistemi (ANS) değerlendirilmesidir. Ayna nöronlar aslında bir grup kanıtlayan, tek bir nöron kayıt 4 kullanarak maymunlarda tespit edildiyürütülmesi ve motor işlemlerden gözlem her iki cevap nöronlar. Beyindeki elektrotlar yerleştirme Bu doğrudan kayıt yöntemi nadiren insanlarda ve sadece korkunç klinik durumlarda kullanılmaktadır. EEG EEG mu ritim izleyerek MNS değerlendirmek için bir yöntem sağlamıştır. 8-12 Hz aralığında bu salınım paterni yürütme ve maymunlarda 5-7 görülen aktivasyon desenine benzer motor eylemler, gözlem tepki olarak EEG gücünü azaltmak için gösterilmiştir. Benzer şekilde, Transkranial Manyetik Stimülasyon (örneğin inferior frontal girus) aracılığıyla varsayılan MNS beyin bölgelerinin uyarılması EEG mu ritim 8 kaldıracağına ve EEG mu ritim bastırma ek destek sağlayarak, bireylerde 9 içinde farazi ayna nöron bölgelerinde fMRI gelen BOLD sinyalleri ile ilişkili olduğunu bu ritim endeksler, en azından kısmen, MNS faaliyet. EEG mu ritim Değerlendirilmesi ayna nöron hareket noninvaziv değerlendirilmesi için izin verdiİnsanlarda ivity. EEG beyin aktivitesini incelemek için benzersiz bir yöntem sağlar ve davranışsal tabanlı deneyleri ile kombine edildiğinde, klinik toplumlarda, taklit gibi, sosyal biliş yönlerini ortaya çıkması için güçlü bir araç olabilir. Ayrıca, bilişsel ve dil bozuklukları ile nüfus ile kullanım için EEG uygulanabilirliği diğer görüntüleme teknikleri ya da davranışsal paradigmalar az başarılı kullanabilir olabilir kimin için bireylerin yetenekleri içgörü sağlar. Açıklanan protokol teorik böyle Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu olarak tipik ve atipik gelişme, bireylerde ayna nöron sistemi ile bağlantılı sosyal bilişsel fonksiyonlarını incelemek için bir yol sağlar.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Geodesic EEG System</td><td>EGI</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any EEG system, not only EGI based systems, is applicable for the described study</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB software</td><td>MATLAB</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any mathematical, statistical software that can work with matrices is applicable</td></tr><tr><td>Netstation software</td><td>EGI</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any EEG acquisition software is applicable for the described study</td></tr><tr><td>Manipulandum</td><td>custom</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any object that is coregistered with data acquisition software to signal a successful grasp</td></tr></tbody></table>

eeg mu rhythm in typical and atypical development

Elektroensefalografi (EEG), beyin aktivitesini değerlendirmek ve kayıt etkili, verimli ve invaziv olmayan bir yöntemdir. Mükemmel zamansal çözünürlük göz önüne alındığında, EEG, belirli davranışların, devletler, ya da dış uyaranlara ilgili nöral cevabı incelemek için kullanılabilir. Bu programı bir örnek EEG mu ritim incelenmesi yoluyla insanlarda ayna nöron sistemi (ANS) değerlendirilmesidir. Sadece bireysel yürütür, ya da, amaca yönelik eylemleri gözlemler sırasında EEG mu ritim, merkezi bir konumda bulunan elektrotlar kaydedilen 8-12 Hz frekans aralığında salınım aktivite baskılanır. Bu nedenle, bu MNS aktivitesini yansıtan önerilmiştir. Bu ayna nöron sistemi (ANS) disfonksiyon otizm spektrum bozukluğu (ASD) toplumsal açıklarında bir katkıda rol oynadığı teorize edilmiştir. MNS sonra noninvaziv faaliyetinin bir göstergesi olarak EEG mu ritim zayıflama kullanılarak klinik popülasyonlarda incelenebilir. Anlatılan protocol teorik gibi ASD gibi tipik ve atipik gelişme, bireylerde MNS bağlantılı sosyal bilişsel fonksiyonlarını incelemek için bir yol sağlar.

Tipik yetişkinler, çocuklar ve bebekler sürekli yürütme ve eylemlerin gözlem çeşitli genelinde paradigmaların ve uyaranlara 5, 14-30 hem sırasında mu ritim göstermiştir. Bu frekans bandında zayıflama sürekli olarak bu diğer kafa derisi bölgelerinde kaydedilir alfa gücünün azaltılması olmadığını gösteren merkezi bir elektrot (Şekil 3) arasında yerelleştirilmiştir. Aynı şekilde, hareket gözlem sırasında bu frekansta zayıflama gibi (Şekil 4),</stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development at JoVE.com

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

EEG mu ritim Değerlendirilmesi beyin aktivitesini incelemek için benzersiz bir yöntem sağlar ve davranışsal tabanlı deneyleri ile kombine edildiğinde, klinik toplumlarda, taklit gibi, sosyal biliş yönlerini ortaya çıkması için güçlü bir araç olabilir.

Tipik ve Atipik Geliştirme EEG Mu Ritim

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an effective, efficient, and noninvasive method of assessing and recording brain activity. Given the excellent temporal ...

eeg-mu-rhythm-in-typical-and-atypical-development

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

25.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Washington.  EEG mu ritim Değerlendirilmesi beyin aktivitesini incelemek için benzersiz bir yöntem sağlar ve davranışsal tabanlı deneyleri ile kombine edildiğinde, klinik toplumlarda, taklit gibi, sosyal biliş yönlerini ortaya çıkması için güçlü bir araç olabilir. 

Video: EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and signal processing make it possible to exploit information from other imaging modalities like structural MRI that provide high spatial resolution to overcome this constraint1. This is especially useful for investigations that require high resolution in the temporal as well as spatial domain. In addition, due to the easy application and low cost of EEG recordings, EEG is often the method of choice when working with populations, such as young children, that do not tolerate functional MRI scans well. However, in order to investigate which neural substrates are involved, anatomical information from structural MRI is still needed. Most EEG analysis packages work with standard head models that are based on adult anatomy. The accuracy of these models when used for children is limited2, because the composition and spatial configuration of head tissues changes dramatically over development3.&#160;
In the present paper, we provide an overview of our recent work in utilizing head models based on individual structural MRI scans or age specific head models to reconstruct the cortical generators of high density EEG. This article describes how&#160;EEG recordings are acquired, processed, and analyzed with pediatric populations at the London Baby Lab, including laboratory setup, task design, EEG preprocessing, MRI processing, and EEG channel level and source analysis.&#160;

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in estimating the cortical sources of scalp measured electrical activity for cognitive neuroscience experiments. This article describes how high density EEG is acquired and how recordings are processed for cortical source estimation in children from the age of 2 years at the London Baby Lab.

Çocuklarda Yüksek Yoğunlukta EEG Recordings kortikal Kaynak Analizi

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and ...

Davranış

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral and temporal changes that are characteristic of human language. These abilities lay the foundation for effective language acquisition; allowing infants to hone in on the sounds of their native language. Invasive procedures in animals and scalp-recorded potentials from human adults suggest that simultaneous, rhythmic activity (oscillations) between and within brain regions are fundamental to sensory development; determining the resolution with which incoming stimuli are parsed. At this time, little is known about oscillatory dynamics in human infant development. However, animal neurophysiology and adult EEG data provide the basis for a strong hypothesis that rapid auditory processing in infants is mediated by oscillatory synchrony in discrete frequency bands. In order to investigate this, 128-channel, high-density EEG responses of 4-month old infants to frequency change in tone pairs, presented in two rate conditions (Rapid: 70 msec ISI and Control: 300 msec ISI) were examined. To determine the frequency band and magnitude of activity, auditory evoked response averages were first co-registered with age-appropriate brain templates. Next, the principal components of the response were identified and localized using a two-dipole model of brain activity. Single-trial analysis of oscillatory power showed a robust index of frequency change processing in bursts of Theta band (3 - 8 Hz) activity in both right and left auditory cortices, with left activation more prominent in the Rapid condition. These methods have produced data that are not only some of the first reported evoked oscillations analyses in infants, but are also, importantly, the product of a well-established method of recording and analyzing clean, meticulously collected, infant EEG and ERPs. In this article, we describe our method for infant EEG net application, recording, dynamic brain response analysis, and representative results.

High-density electroencephalography (dEEG) is being used increasingly to study brain development and plasticity in the early years of life. Here we present an application of sophisticated analysis techniques that builds on traditional EEG recording to understand the oscillatory dynamics of rapid auditory processing in the infant brain.

Bebek İşitsel İşleme ve Olaya ilişkin Beyin Salınımlılığı

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral ...

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography (dEEG)

Dense array electroencephalography (dEEG), which provides a non-invasive window for measuring brain activity and a temporal resolution unsurpassed by any other current brain imaging technology1,2, is being used increasingly in the study of social cognitive functioning in infants and adults. While dEEG is enabling researchers to examine brain activity patterns with unprecedented levels of sensitivity, conventional EEG recording systems continue to face certain limitations, including 1) poor spatial resolution and source localization3,4,2) the physical discomfort for test subjects of enduring the individual application of numerous electrodes to the surface of the scalp, and 3) the complexity for researchers of learning to use multiple software packages to collect and process data. Here we present an overview of an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults. Although several analytical software techniques can be used to establish indirect indices of source localization to improve the spatial resolution of dEEG, the HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net (HCGSN) by Electrical Geodesics, Inc. (EGI), a dense sensory array that maintains equal distances among adjacent recording electrodes on all surfaces of the scalp, further enhances spatial resolution4,5,6 compared to standard dEEG systems. The sponge-based HCGSN can be applied rapidly and without scalp abrasion, making it ideal for use with adults7,8, children9,10,11, and infants12, in both research and clinical4,5,6,13,14,15 settings. This feature allows for considerable cost and time savings by decreasing the average net application time compared to other dEEG systems. Moreover, the HCGSN includes unified, seamless software applications for all phases of data, greatly simplifying the collection, processing, and analysis of dEEG data.
The HCGSN features a low-profile electrode pedestal, which, when filled with electrolyte solution, creates a sealed microenvironment and an electrode-scalp interface. In all Geodesic dEEG systems, EEG sensors detect changes in voltage originating from the participant's scalp, along with a small amount of electrical noise originating from the room environment. Electrical signals from all sensors of the Geodesic sensor net are received simultaneously by the amplifier, where they are automatically processed, packaged, and sent to the data-acquisition computer (DAC). Once received by the DAC, scalp electrical activity can be isolated from artifacts for analysis using the filtering and artifact detection tools included in the EGI software. Typically, the HCGSN can be used continuously for only up to two hours because the electrolyte solution dries out over time, gradually decreasing the quality of the scalp-electrode interface.
In the Parent-Infant Research Lab at the University of Toronto, we are using dEEG to study social cognitive processes including memory, emotion, goals, intentionality, anticipation, and executive functioning in both adult and infant participants.

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography dEEG

Dense array electroencephalography is being used increasingly to study social cognitive functions in infants and adults. Here we present an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults.

(Bebekler ve Yetişkin Yoğun Dizi Elektroensefalografi kullanarak Sosyal Biliş incelenmesi D EEG)

Dense array electroencephalography (dEEG), which provides a non-invasive window for measuring brain activity and a temporal resolution unsurpassed by any ...

Nörobilim

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and monitoring of brain function in preterm and term babies. Most common indications are the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, assessment of brain maturity, and recovery from hypoxic-ischemic events. EEG recording techniques and the understanding of neonatal EEG signals have dramatically improved, but these advances have been slow to penetrate through the clinical traditions. The aim of this presentation is to bring theory and practice of advanced EEG recording available for neonatal units. 
In the theoretical part, we will present animations to illustrate how a preterm brain gives rise to spontaneous and evoked EEG activities, both of which are unique to this developmental phase, as well as crucial for a proper brain maturation. Recent animal work has shown that the structural brain development is clearly reflected in early EEG activity. Most important structures in this regard are the growing long range connections and the transient cortical structure, subplate. Sensory stimuli in a preterm baby will generate responses that are seen at a single trial level, and they have underpinnings in the subplate-cortex interaction. This brings neonatal EEG readily into a multimodal study, where EEG is not only recording cortical function, but it also tests subplate function via different sensory modalities. Finally, introduction of clinically suitable dense array EEG caps, as well as amplifiers capable of recording low frequencies, have disclosed multitude of brain activities that have as yet been overlooked.
In the practical part of this video, we show how a multimodal, dense array EEG study is performed in neonatal intensive care unit from a preterm baby in the incubator. The video demonstrates preparation of the baby and incubator, application of the EEG cap, and performance of the sensory stimulations.

This video explains the background theory of the neonatal EEG activity and the sensory responses, followed by a live demonstration of their recording in neonatal intensive care unit.

Erken EEG: A Multimodal Nörofizyolojik Protokolü

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and ...

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Crucial to the success of epilepsy surgery is the availability of a robust biomarker that identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ). High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as potential presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the EZ in addition to Interictal Epileptiform Discharges (IEDs) and ictal activity. Although they are promising to localize the EZ, they are not yet suited for the diagnosis or monitoring of epilepsy in clinical practice. Primary barriers remain: the lack of a formal and global definition for HFOs; the consequent heterogeneity of methodological approaches used for their study; and the practical difficulties to detect and localize them noninvasively from scalp recordings. Here, we present a methodology for the recording, detection, and localization of interictal HFOs from pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. We report representative data of HFOs detected noninvasively from interictal scalp EEG and MEG from two children undergoing surgery.
The underlying generators of HFOs were localized by solving the inverse problem and their localization was compared to the Seizure Onset Zone (SOZ) as this was defined by the epileptologists. For both patients, Interictal Epileptogenic Discharges (IEDs) and HFOs were localized with source imaging at concordant locations. For one patient, intracranial EEG (iEEG) data were also available. For this patient, we found that the HFOs localization was concordant between noninvasive and invasive methods. The comparison of iEEG with the results from scalp recordings served to validate these findings. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that presents the source localization of scalp HFOs from simultaneous EEG and MEG recordings comparing the results with invasive recordings. These findings suggest that HFOs can be reliably detected and localized noninvasively with scalp EEG and MEG. We conclude that the noninvasive localization of interictal HFOs could significantly improve the presurgical evaluation for pediatric patients with epilepsy.

High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the epileptogenic zone in pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A methodology for the noninvasive recording, detection, and localization of HFOs with simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is presented.

Pediatrik Epilepsi biyolojik belirteç olarak Eşzamanlı Manyetoensefalografi ve elektroensefalografi ile Tespit Edilen interiktal Yüksek Frekans Salınımlılığı

Crucial to the success of epilepsy surgery is the availability of a robust biomarker that identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ). High Frequency ...

Tıp

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easily accessible technique to monitor the electrocortical activity in preterm and term infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This method was first used to monitor newborns after asphyxia, providing information about future neurological outcomes. The aEEG is also helpful to select newborns who benefit from cooling. The aEEG monitoring of preterm infants is becoming more widespread, as various studies have shown that neurodevelopmental outcome is related to early aEEG tracings. Here, we demonstrate the application of the aEEG monitoring system and present typical patterns that depend upon gestational age and pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we mention pitfalls in the interpretation of the aEEG, as this method requires accurate fixation and localization of the electrodes. Additionally, the raw EEG can be used to detect neonatal seizures or to identify aEEG application problems. In conclusion, aEEG is a safe and generally well-tolerated method for the bedside monitoring of neonatal cerebral function; it can even provide information about long-term outcome.

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Here, we show how to apply amplitude-integrated electroencephalography to monitor cerebral function in neonates.

Yenidoğan Bebeklerin için EEG genlik ile tümleşik monitör (serebral fonksiyon İzleyicisi) uygulama

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easily accessible technique to monitor the electrocortical activity in preterm and term infants in neonatal ...

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable measurements in newborns. Obtaining high-quality, reliable VEPs is crucial for the early detection of abnormal development of the central nervous system in at-risk newborns, and for implementing successful early interventions. Recommendations are based on a previous study which showed that when post-conceptional age, polysomnography-identified sleep stages, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) googles as the luminous source are controlled, no more than 4 repetitions of VEP averages are required to obtain replicable recordings, variability decreases, and reliable VEPs can be obtained. By controlling for these sources of variability and using statistical analyses, we were able to clearly and reliably identify the amplitude and latency of three main components (NII, PII and NIII) present in 100% of newborns (n = 20) during active sleep. Recording VEPs during awake states, quiet sleep and transitional sleep is not recommended because VEP morphology may differ significantly from one average to the next, leading to the risk of misleading clinical prognoses. Moreover, it is easier to obtain VEPs during active sleep because this state can be clearly and reliably identified at this stage of development, sleep cycles are short enough to allow measurements to be taken in a reasonable time, and the method does not require new o expensive equipment.

Several important points for obtaining high-quality reliable visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in newborns while minimizing variability and the risk of misleading prognoses are presented.

Yenidoğanlarda Görsel Etkinlikle İlgili Güvenilir Potansiyeller Nasıl Elde Edilene

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable ...

Reliable Acquisition of Electroencephalography Data during Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Functional MRI

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG (good temporal resolution) and fMRI (good spatial resolution) to measure neuronal activity during an electrographic event, through hemodynamic responses known as blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) changes. It is a non-invasive research tool that is utilized in neuroscience research and is highly beneficial to the clinical community, especially for the management of neurological diseases, provided that proper equipment and protocols are administered during data acquisition. Although recording EEG-fMRI is apparently straightforward, the correct preparation, especially in placing and securing the electrodes, is not only important for safety but is also critical in ensuring the reliability and analyzability of the EEG data obtained. This is also the most experience-demanding part of the preparation. To address these issues, a straightforward protocol that ensures data quality was developed. This article provides a step-by-step guide for acquiring reliable EEG data during EEG-fMRI using this protocol that utilizes readily available medical products. The presented protocol can be adapted to different applications of EEG-fMRI in research and clinical settings, and may be beneficial to both inexperienced and expert operators.

This article provides a straightforward protocol for acquiring good quality electroencephalography (EEG) data during simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging by utilizing readily available medical products.

Eşzamanlı Elektroensefalografi ve Fonksiyonel MRI Sırasında Elektroensefalografi Verilerinin Güvenilir Bir Şekilde Eldeılması

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG ...

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Patients with ion channelopathies are at a high risk of developing seizures and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. There is a higher prevalence of heart disease and arrhythmias in people with epilepsy (i.e., epileptic heart.) Additionally, cardiac and autonomic disturbances have been reported surrounding seizures. 1:1,000 epilepsy patients/year die of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The mechanisms for SUDEP remain incompletely understood. Electroencephalograms (EEG) and electrocardiograms (ECG) are two techniques routinely used in the clinical setting to detect and study the substrates/triggers for seizures and arrhythmias. While many studies and descriptions of this methodology are in rodents, their cardiac electrical activity differs significantly from humans. This article provides a description of a non-invasive method for recording simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography in conscious rabbits. As cardiac electrical function is similar in rabbits and humans, rabbits provide an excellent model of translational diagnostic and therapeutic studies. In addition to outlining the methodology for data acquisition, we discuss the analytical approaches for examining neuro-cardiac electrical function and pathology in rabbits. This includes arrhythmia detection, spectral analysis of EEG and a seizure scale developed for restrained rabbits.

Using simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography, we developed a methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of rabbit models to develop provoked arrhythmias and seizures. This novel recording system establishes a platform to test the efficacy and safety of therapeutics and can capture the complex cascade of multi-system events that culminate in sudden death.

Bilinçli Kısıtlanmış Tavşanlarda Nöbet, Aritmi ve Apnelerin Tanımlanması için Çok Sistemli İzleme

Patients with ion channelopathies are at a high risk of developing seizures and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. There is a higher prevalence of heart disease ...

Bebek-Bakıcı Etkileşimlerinde Gerçek Hayat EEG ve EKG Senkronizasyonu

Home-Based EEG Hyperscanning for Infant-Caregiver Social Interactions

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of the laboratory, thus limiting the generalizability of results to real-life settings. Here, a comprehensive protocol for capturing synchronized electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and behavioral recordings from infant-caregiver dyads during various interactive tasks at home is proposed. This protocol demonstrates how to synchronize the different data streams and report EEG data retention rates and quality checks. Additionally, critical issues and possible solutions with respect to the experimental setup, tasks, and data collection in home settings are discussed. The protocol is not limited to infant-caregiver dyads but can be applied to various dyadic constellations. Overall, we demonstrate the flexibility of EEG hyperscanning setups, which allow experiments to be conducted outside of the laboratory to capture participants' brain activities in more ecologically valid environmental settings. Yet, movement and other types of artifacts still constrain the experimental tasks that can be performed in the home setting.

Yazar Spotlight: Senkronize Multimodal Veri Toplama Yoluyla Bebek Bakıcısı Etkileşimlerini Yakalama

This protocol describes how synchronized electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and behavioral recordings were captured from infant-caregiver dyads in a home setting.

Bebek-Bakıcının Sosyal Etkileşimleri için Ev Tabanlı EEG Hiper Tarama

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of ...