这项工作是由西蒙斯基金会（SFARI＃89638到RB）的资助。

以下协议坚持华盛顿大学机构审查委员会的指导方针。 1，电生理评估<ol><li>会议的制备<ol><li>机房准备:地方manipulandum（ 见图1），附带一个传感器，它发送一个带有时间戳标记采集软件，当它被抓住，在表中抓参与者接触木块。激活脑电信号采集软件，并开始"新的会话"（ 图S1）。 </li><li>扣除准备:蒸馏水（1升），氯化钾（1汤匙），和婴儿洗发精（1茶匙）至104°F。温暖的解决方案泡128 - 电极致密阵列EEG系统中的温热生理盐水溶液。 </li><li>参与者准备:确保参与者坐在舒适的大约75厘米的刺激呈现的显示器，充分考虑到视频凸轮时代。找到并用皮肤标记标记对参与者的头部顶点。通过寻找鼻根和INION和preauriculars之间的中点之间的中点的交点测量顶点。 </li><li> Net应用程序:放置于参与者的头部脑电帽使得顶点电极直接放置在顶点标记。检查的阻抗，并确保阻抗低于阈值适合该脑电系统中使用（ 图S2）。 </li><li>开始偷拍会话。 </li></ol></li><li>录像设置:参考信号发送到顶点电极。介于0.1和100赫兹的模拟滤波，放大的信号，并进行数字化，在500采样/秒。 </li><li>刺激呈现:目前参与者有3个条件:遵守，执行和休息，改编自Muthukumaraswamy和他的同事5开发的典范。 <ol><li>观察条件:指导学员静静地坐着看一个人抓manipulandum的视频。每次试验应持续6秒。时间的观察试验的预先录制的视频精确，以确保所观察到的把握发生在刚好3秒。任务期间，监测参与者的视觉注意力，并注明试验期间，他们不参加到后期处理过程中被丢弃的画面。 </li><li>执行情况:指导参加者静静地右手搭略低于manipulandum坐着，一听到预先录制的听觉线索，从观察条件的视频剪辑模仿manipulandum抢。每次试验应持续6秒。确保听觉线索是通过预录的听觉轨道，它维护提出了在恰好3秒的一贯定时执行线索和试验间隔。利用上manipulandum传感器来精确记录了参与者的把握出现的时间（ 图三 ）。 </li><li>其余条件:指示参与者坐在奎TLY眼睛睁开，被动地观察一个小十字刺激监视器上。其余条件，3分钟内连续记录脑电图。 </li><li>对于这两种观察和执行条件的10本试验中随机块，总共每状态40的试验。确保manipulandum的形象保留在屏幕上整个观察和执行模块，包括试验间。管理其余条件在完成观察和执行情况。 </li></ol></li><li>数据处理<ol><li>下面的数据收集，复检阻抗。注意:任何更改阻抗水平。结束采集软件记录。 </li><li>后处理:Rereference脑电信号的平均水平。段不间断的脑电数据转换成40 6秒试验的每个条件（ 图S4）。 </li><li>进行自动检测的神器。使用自动算法通过识别速度快平均振幅exceedin检查为移动文物分类克200μV，差分幅度平均超过100μV，并在给定的试验（ 图五 ）方差为零。 </li><li>通过视觉检查数据，并与该会话的视频审查确认删除所有试验中沾染任何运动伪影和所有试验中沾染任何运动伪影无关的姿态把握执行条件的观测条件进行手动失真检测。排除试验与分析显著神器。放弃收购过程中被标记为未参加任何审判。检查并注意审判拒绝根据分析各组的诊断率。 </li></ol></li><li>数据分析<ol><li>每Muthukumaraswamy 等 5段清洗试验分为2秒时代由1秒的数据的把握和1秒后同时为观察（如标注由光电）和执行（如标注由manipulandum传感器）的条件之前。段c俯身从休息状态2秒时代。 </li><li>快速傅立叶变换（FFT）的每个片段。选择对周围的标准C3和C4的位置进行统计分析（以下Muthukumaraswamy 等 5每个半球的八个电极集群和 尼尔等人 3）（ 图2）。对于每个条件，横跨纳入试验的平均功率来计算功率谱。 </li><li>通过一个马达动作或执行或观察，相对于所述平均功率的静止状态时，跨越8-13赫兹范围内检查平均功率计算亩衰减。使用此比例的对数来确定的衰减程度。注:负值表示执行或观察过程中的衰减，而正值表示增大。此方法考虑到可变性不同的个体，和非正常表达形式的比例值。&lt;BR /&gt;注:该协议是使用128电极密集阵脑电图系统，网络站软件4.1版开发的。而基本步骤是横跨脑电图系统类似，采集和分析的协议可以变化。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2，样品表征<ol><li>通过研究登记，以前的参与者列表，或者从所在地区的诊所和医生转介找出潜在的患者群体参与的范式。 </li><li>为满足诊断标准的临床结构（ 如自闭症），并识别任何排斥性标准，如头部外伤，肿瘤，癫痫发作史，或使用抗惊厥或巴比妥类药物可能会扭曲的存在可能性屏幕潜在参与者的电生理信号。 </li><li>通过使用金标准诊断仪器（ 如孤独症诊断访谈，重新确认患者人群的诊断状态vised（ADI-R 11）和自闭症诊断观察量表-通用（ADOS-G 12）经管专家医生下诊断和统计手册- 第 5版（DSM-5）标准13。 </li><li>找出匹配的利益相关变量，如年龄，性别，认知能力等控件示例</li></ol>

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Neurosci. , 110-123 (2011).</li><li>Oberman, L., McCleery, J., Hubbard, E., Bernier, R., Pineda, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+changes+in+mu+suppression+to+observed+actions+in+individuals+with+autism+spectrum+disorders.">Developmental changes in mu suppression to observed actions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.</a> Soc. Cogn. Affective Neurosci. 8, 300-304 .</li></ol>

作者宣称没有竞争的财务权益。

成功收购，加工和分析相关的万亩节奏和应用临床人群电数据需要1个）的脑电图方法工具的应用，2）仔细神器检测和数据还原，3）准确识别亩节奏，和4）的临床群体以及确定适当的对照组的准确表征。 适当的脑电图方法需要正常运作和集成设备，适当帽的选择和布局，信号的精确放大和时序，明确，畅通，无失真的信号，适当参考的信号，适当分段（...

脑电图（EEG）是评估和记录大脑活动的有效，高效，无创方法。作为神经元激发在大脑中，所产生的电压可以被放大，记录，并以图形方式表示。脑电图的时间分辨率允许在大脑的振荡模式，即使短暂的变化，以及大脑的响应特定刺激的分析的分析。 尽管是历史最悠久的大脑成像技术，其历史可以追溯到19 世纪后期，脑电图仍具有广泛的适用性。而功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）具有优良的空间分辨率，它具有相对较差的时间分辨率。这代表了功能磁共振成像评估的主要限制给出的令人难以置信的速度，发生在大脑的进程。脑电图有毫秒级评估电气大脑活动的能力，提供了潜在的Insight入脑的处理的各个阶段。 日新月异的技术也扩大了脑电图的适用性。在记录系统的密​​度的增加使得对源定位技术的发展，减轻对于空间分辨率的一些脑电图的局限性。另外，先进的系统已经减少了单个参与者建立时间显著，允许以前没有的人群，如婴幼儿及临床样品1-3,28-30的评估。 鉴于良好的时间分辨率，脑电图可以用来检查与特定的行为，状态或外界刺激的神经反应。该实用程序的一个例子是镜像神经元系统（MNS）在人体中的评估。镜像神经元最初在猴子身上发现使用单神经元记录4，证明一组神经元的反应既执行和观察电机动作。将电极在大脑中的这种直接记录方法，在人类中，只有在恶劣的临床病例中很少使用。脑电图已经提供了一种通过监测脑电图亩节奏评估MNS。在8-12赫兹范围该振荡模式已显示出减弱的EEG功率响应于执行和观察马达的动作，类似于在猴子5-7中观察到的激活模式。同样，通过经颅磁刺激（ 如额下回）刺激假定MNS脑区的脑电废除节奏万亩和8万亩脑电节律抑制与相关脑功能成像的科目9中公认的镜像神经元区域BOLD信号，提供额外的支持，这节奏索引，至少部分地，MNS活性。脑电图亩节奏评估允许的镜像神经元作为的无创性评估ivity在人。 脑电图为研究大脑活动的唯一方法，当与基于行为的检测相结合，它可以是一个强大的工具，阐明社会认知方面，如模仿，在临床人群。此外，脑电图与人群的认知或语言障碍使用的适用性允许洞察个人对他们来说，其他成像技术或行为范式可能不太成功运用的能力。所描述的协议提供了一个途径，研究社会认知功能理论上链接到镜像神经元系统中具有典型和非典型的发展，如自闭症的人。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Geodesic EEG System</td><td>EGI</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any EEG system, not only EGI based systems, is applicable for the described study</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB software</td><td>MATLAB</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any mathematical, statistical software that can work with matrices is applicable</td></tr><tr><td>Netstation software</td><td>EGI</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any EEG acquisition software is applicable for the described study</td></tr><tr><td>Manipulandum</td><td>custom</td><td>N/A</td><td>Any object that is coregistered with data acquisition software to signal a successful grasp</td></tr></tbody></table>

eeg mu rhythm in typical and atypical development

脑电图（EEG）是评估和记录大脑活动的有效，高效，无创方法。鉴于良好的时间分辨率，脑电图可以用来检查与特定的行为，状态或外界刺激的神经反应。该实用程序的一个例子是镜像神经元系统（MNS）在人类通过脑电图亩节奏的检查评估。脑电图亩的节奏，从位于市中心的电极记录在8-12赫兹的频率范围内振动的活性，抑制当一个人执行时，或者干脆指出，目标导向行动。因此，已经提出，以反映MNS的活性。据推测，在镜像神经元系统（MNS）功能障碍中起着自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的社会赤字贡献作用。该MNS然后可以通过使用脑电图亩节奏衰减为指标，对其活动进行无创检查在临床人群。所描述的普罗特OCOL提供了一个途径是观察社会的认知功能与典型的和非典型的发展，如房间隔缺损的个体理论上链接到MNS。

典型成人，儿童和婴幼儿的范式既执行和观察的行为在各种刺激和5，14-30期间一贯表现亩节奏。衰减在该频段频率一致本地化跨越中央电极（ 图3），表明这不是减少它被记录在其他的头皮区域阿尔法权力。类似地，在观察运动的衰减在这个频率被限制到观察的基于生物学的运动和抑制的是不是简单地从运动引起穿过视场，如弹跳球（ 图4）。亩抑制响应于一个事...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development at JoVE.com

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

脑电图亩节奏评估为研究大脑活动的唯一方法，当与基于行为的检测相结合，可以是一个强大的工具，阐明社会认知方面，如模仿，在临床人群。

脑电图沐节奏典型和非典型发展

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an effective, efficient, and noninvasive method of assessing and recording brain activity. Given the excellent temporal ...

eeg-mu-rhythm-in-typical-and-atypical-development

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

25.5K 次观看.  University of Washington. 脑电图亩节奏评估为研究大脑活动的唯一方法，当与基于行为的检测相结合，可以是一个强大的工具，阐明社会认知方面，如模仿，在临床人群。 

视频: EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and signal processing make it possible to exploit information from other imaging modalities like structural MRI that provide high spatial resolution to overcome this constraint1. This is especially useful for investigations that require high resolution in the temporal as well as spatial domain. In addition, due to the easy application and low cost of EEG recordings, EEG is often the method of choice when working with populations, such as young children, that do not tolerate functional MRI scans well. However, in order to investigate which neural substrates are involved, anatomical information from structural MRI is still needed. Most EEG analysis packages work with standard head models that are based on adult anatomy. The accuracy of these models when used for children is limited2, because the composition and spatial configuration of head tissues changes dramatically over development3.&#160;
In the present paper, we provide an overview of our recent work in utilizing head models based on individual structural MRI scans or age specific head models to reconstruct the cortical generators of high density EEG. This article describes how&#160;EEG recordings are acquired, processed, and analyzed with pediatric populations at the London Baby Lab, including laboratory setup, task design, EEG preprocessing, MRI processing, and EEG channel level and source analysis.&#160;

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in estimating the cortical sources of scalp measured electrical activity for cognitive neuroscience experiments. This article describes how high density EEG is acquired and how recordings are processed for cortical source estimation in children from the age of 2 years at the London Baby Lab.

高密度的脑电图记录在儿童的皮质来源分析

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and ...

科研

行为学

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral and temporal changes that are characteristic of human language. These abilities lay the foundation for effective language acquisition; allowing infants to hone in on the sounds of their native language. Invasive procedures in animals and scalp-recorded potentials from human adults suggest that simultaneous, rhythmic activity (oscillations) between and within brain regions are fundamental to sensory development; determining the resolution with which incoming stimuli are parsed. At this time, little is known about oscillatory dynamics in human infant development. However, animal neurophysiology and adult EEG data provide the basis for a strong hypothesis that rapid auditory processing in infants is mediated by oscillatory synchrony in discrete frequency bands. In order to investigate this, 128-channel, high-density EEG responses of 4-month old infants to frequency change in tone pairs, presented in two rate conditions (Rapid: 70 msec ISI and Control: 300 msec ISI) were examined. To determine the frequency band and magnitude of activity, auditory evoked response averages were first co-registered with age-appropriate brain templates. Next, the principal components of the response were identified and localized using a two-dipole model of brain activity. Single-trial analysis of oscillatory power showed a robust index of frequency change processing in bursts of Theta band (3 - 8 Hz) activity in both right and left auditory cortices, with left activation more prominent in the Rapid condition. These methods have produced data that are not only some of the first reported evoked oscillations analyses in infants, but are also, importantly, the product of a well-established method of recording and analyzing clean, meticulously collected, infant EEG and ERPs. In this article, we describe our method for infant EEG net application, recording, dynamic brain response analysis, and representative results.

High-density electroencephalography (dEEG) is being used increasingly to study brain development and plasticity in the early years of life. Here we present an application of sophisticated analysis techniques that builds on traditional EEG recording to understand the oscillatory dynamics of rapid auditory processing in the infant brain.

婴儿听觉处理和事件相关的脑振荡

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral ...

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography (dEEG)

Dense array electroencephalography (dEEG), which provides a non-invasive window for measuring brain activity and a temporal resolution unsurpassed by any other current brain imaging technology1,2, is being used increasingly in the study of social cognitive functioning in infants and adults. While dEEG is enabling researchers to examine brain activity patterns with unprecedented levels of sensitivity, conventional EEG recording systems continue to face certain limitations, including 1) poor spatial resolution and source localization3,4,2) the physical discomfort for test subjects of enduring the individual application of numerous electrodes to the surface of the scalp, and 3) the complexity for researchers of learning to use multiple software packages to collect and process data. Here we present an overview of an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults. Although several analytical software techniques can be used to establish indirect indices of source localization to improve the spatial resolution of dEEG, the HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net (HCGSN) by Electrical Geodesics, Inc. (EGI), a dense sensory array that maintains equal distances among adjacent recording electrodes on all surfaces of the scalp, further enhances spatial resolution4,5,6 compared to standard dEEG systems. The sponge-based HCGSN can be applied rapidly and without scalp abrasion, making it ideal for use with adults7,8, children9,10,11, and infants12, in both research and clinical4,5,6,13,14,15 settings. This feature allows for considerable cost and time savings by decreasing the average net application time compared to other dEEG systems. Moreover, the HCGSN includes unified, seamless software applications for all phases of data, greatly simplifying the collection, processing, and analysis of dEEG data.
The HCGSN features a low-profile electrode pedestal, which, when filled with electrolyte solution, creates a sealed microenvironment and an electrode-scalp interface. In all Geodesic dEEG systems, EEG sensors detect changes in voltage originating from the participant's scalp, along with a small amount of electrical noise originating from the room environment. Electrical signals from all sensors of the Geodesic sensor net are received simultaneously by the amplifier, where they are automatically processed, packaged, and sent to the data-acquisition computer (DAC). Once received by the DAC, scalp electrical activity can be isolated from artifacts for analysis using the filtering and artifact detection tools included in the EGI software. Typically, the HCGSN can be used continuously for only up to two hours because the electrolyte solution dries out over time, gradually decreasing the quality of the scalp-electrode interface.
In the Parent-Infant Research Lab at the University of Toronto, we are using dEEG to study social cognitive processes including memory, emotion, goals, intentionality, anticipation, and executive functioning in both adult and infant participants.

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography dEEG

Dense array electroencephalography is being used increasingly to study social cognitive functions in infants and adults. Here we present an established methodology that represents a significant improvement on conventional methodologies for studying EEG in infants and adults.

调查婴儿和成人使用密集阵脑电图的社会认知（ D脑电图）

Dense array electroencephalography (dEEG), which provides a non-invasive window for measuring brain activity and a temporal resolution unsurpassed by any ...

神经科学

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and monitoring of brain function in preterm and term babies. Most common indications are the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, assessment of brain maturity, and recovery from hypoxic-ischemic events. EEG recording techniques and the understanding of neonatal EEG signals have dramatically improved, but these advances have been slow to penetrate through the clinical traditions. The aim of this presentation is to bring theory and practice of advanced EEG recording available for neonatal units. 
In the theoretical part, we will present animations to illustrate how a preterm brain gives rise to spontaneous and evoked EEG activities, both of which are unique to this developmental phase, as well as crucial for a proper brain maturation. Recent animal work has shown that the structural brain development is clearly reflected in early EEG activity. Most important structures in this regard are the growing long range connections and the transient cortical structure, subplate. Sensory stimuli in a preterm baby will generate responses that are seen at a single trial level, and they have underpinnings in the subplate-cortex interaction. This brings neonatal EEG readily into a multimodal study, where EEG is not only recording cortical function, but it also tests subplate function via different sensory modalities. Finally, introduction of clinically suitable dense array EEG caps, as well as amplifiers capable of recording low frequencies, have disclosed multitude of brain activities that have as yet been overlooked.
In the practical part of this video, we show how a multimodal, dense array EEG study is performed in neonatal intensive care unit from a preterm baby in the incubator. The video demonstrates preparation of the baby and incubator, application of the EEG cap, and performance of the sensory stimulations.

This video explains the background theory of the neonatal EEG activity and the sensory responses, followed by a live demonstration of their recording in neonatal intensive care unit.

早产儿的脑电图：多式联运神经生理学议定书

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and ...

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Crucial to the success of epilepsy surgery is the availability of a robust biomarker that identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ). High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as potential presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the EZ in addition to Interictal Epileptiform Discharges (IEDs) and ictal activity. Although they are promising to localize the EZ, they are not yet suited for the diagnosis or monitoring of epilepsy in clinical practice. Primary barriers remain: the lack of a formal and global definition for HFOs; the consequent heterogeneity of methodological approaches used for their study; and the practical difficulties to detect and localize them noninvasively from scalp recordings. Here, we present a methodology for the recording, detection, and localization of interictal HFOs from pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. We report representative data of HFOs detected noninvasively from interictal scalp EEG and MEG from two children undergoing surgery.
The underlying generators of HFOs were localized by solving the inverse problem and their localization was compared to the Seizure Onset Zone (SOZ) as this was defined by the epileptologists. For both patients, Interictal Epileptogenic Discharges (IEDs) and HFOs were localized with source imaging at concordant locations. For one patient, intracranial EEG (iEEG) data were also available. For this patient, we found that the HFOs localization was concordant between noninvasive and invasive methods. The comparison of iEEG with the results from scalp recordings served to validate these findings. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that presents the source localization of scalp HFOs from simultaneous EEG and MEG recordings comparing the results with invasive recordings. These findings suggest that HFOs can be reliably detected and localized noninvasively with scalp EEG and MEG. We conclude that the noninvasive localization of interictal HFOs could significantly improve the presurgical evaluation for pediatric patients with epilepsy.

High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the epileptogenic zone in pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A methodology for the noninvasive recording, detection, and localization of HFOs with simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is presented.

同时用脑磁图和脑电图为小儿癫痫的生物标志物检测发作间期高频振动

Crucial to the success of epilepsy surgery is the availability of a robust biomarker that identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ). High Frequency ...

医学

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easily accessible technique to monitor the electrocortical activity in preterm and term infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This method was first used to monitor newborns after asphyxia, providing information about future neurological outcomes. The aEEG is also helpful to select newborns who benefit from cooling. The aEEG monitoring of preterm infants is becoming more widespread, as various studies have shown that neurodevelopmental outcome is related to early aEEG tracings. Here, we demonstrate the application of the aEEG monitoring system and present typical patterns that depend upon gestational age and pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we mention pitfalls in the interpretation of the aEEG, as this method requires accurate fixation and localization of the electrodes. Additionally, the raw EEG can be used to detect neonatal seizures or to identify aEEG application problems. In conclusion, aEEG is a safe and generally well-tolerated method for the bedside monitoring of neonatal cerebral function; it can even provide information about long-term outcome.

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Here, we show how to apply amplitude-integrated electroencephalography to monitor cerebral function in neonates.

振幅综合脑电图监测仪 (脑功能监护仪) 在新生儿中的应用

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easily accessible technique to monitor the electrocortical activity in preterm and term infants in neonatal ...

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable measurements in newborns. Obtaining high-quality, reliable VEPs is crucial for the early detection of abnormal development of the central nervous system in at-risk newborns, and for implementing successful early interventions. Recommendations are based on a previous study which showed that when post-conceptional age, polysomnography-identified sleep stages, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) googles as the luminous source are controlled, no more than 4 repetitions of VEP averages are required to obtain replicable recordings, variability decreases, and reliable VEPs can be obtained. By controlling for these sources of variability and using statistical analyses, we were able to clearly and reliably identify the amplitude and latency of three main components (NII, PII and NIII) present in 100% of newborns (n = 20) during active sleep. Recording VEPs during awake states, quiet sleep and transitional sleep is not recommended because VEP morphology may differ significantly from one average to the next, leading to the risk of misleading clinical prognoses. Moreover, it is easier to obtain VEPs during active sleep because this state can be clearly and reliably identified at this stage of development, sleep cycles are short enough to allow measurements to be taken in a reasonable time, and the method does not require new o expensive equipment.

Several important points for obtaining high-quality reliable visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in newborns while minimizing variability and the risk of misleading prognoses are presented.

如何获得新生儿中可靠的视觉事件相关潜力

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable ...

Reliable Acquisition of Electroencephalography Data during Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Functional MRI

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG (good temporal resolution) and fMRI (good spatial resolution) to measure neuronal activity during an electrographic event, through hemodynamic responses known as blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) changes. It is a non-invasive research tool that is utilized in neuroscience research and is highly beneficial to the clinical community, especially for the management of neurological diseases, provided that proper equipment and protocols are administered during data acquisition. Although recording EEG-fMRI is apparently straightforward, the correct preparation, especially in placing and securing the electrodes, is not only important for safety but is also critical in ensuring the reliability and analyzability of the EEG data obtained. This is also the most experience-demanding part of the preparation. To address these issues, a straightforward protocol that ensures data quality was developed. This article provides a step-by-step guide for acquiring reliable EEG data during EEG-fMRI using this protocol that utilizes readily available medical products. The presented protocol can be adapted to different applications of EEG-fMRI in research and clinical settings, and may be beneficial to both inexperienced and expert operators.

This article provides a straightforward protocol for acquiring good quality electroencephalography (EEG) data during simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging by utilizing readily available medical products.

同时脑电图和功能 MRI 期间的可靠脑成像数据获取

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG ...

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Patients with ion channelopathies are at a high risk of developing seizures and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. There is a higher prevalence of heart disease and arrhythmias in people with epilepsy (i.e., epileptic heart.) Additionally, cardiac and autonomic disturbances have been reported surrounding seizures. 1:1,000 epilepsy patients/year die of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The mechanisms for SUDEP remain incompletely understood. Electroencephalograms (EEG) and electrocardiograms (ECG) are two techniques routinely used in the clinical setting to detect and study the substrates/triggers for seizures and arrhythmias. While many studies and descriptions of this methodology are in rodents, their cardiac electrical activity differs significantly from humans. This article provides a description of a non-invasive method for recording simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography in conscious rabbits. As cardiac electrical function is similar in rabbits and humans, rabbits provide an excellent model of translational diagnostic and therapeutic studies. In addition to outlining the methodology for data acquisition, we discuss the analytical approaches for examining neuro-cardiac electrical function and pathology in rabbits. This includes arrhythmia detection, spectral analysis of EEG and a seizure scale developed for restrained rabbits.

Using simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography, we developed a methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of rabbit models to develop provoked arrhythmias and seizures. This novel recording system establishes a platform to test the efficacy and safety of therapeutics and can capture the complex cascade of multi-system events that culminate in sudden death.

意识约束兔子中癫痫发作、心律失常和呼吸暂停的多系统监测

Patients with ion channelopathies are at a high risk of developing seizures and fatal cardiac arrhythmias. There is a higher prevalence of heart disease ...

婴儿与照顾者互动中的真实 EEG 和 ECG 同步

Home-Based EEG Hyperscanning for Infant-Caregiver Social Interactions

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of the laboratory, thus limiting the generalizability of results to real-life settings. Here, a comprehensive protocol for capturing synchronized electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and behavioral recordings from infant-caregiver dyads during various interactive tasks at home is proposed. This protocol demonstrates how to synchronize the different data streams and report EEG data retention rates and quality checks. Additionally, critical issues and possible solutions with respect to the experimental setup, tasks, and data collection in home settings are discussed. The protocol is not limited to infant-caregiver dyads but can be applied to various dyadic constellations. Overall, we demonstrate the flexibility of EEG hyperscanning setups, which allow experiments to be conducted outside of the laboratory to capture participants' brain activities in more ecologically valid environmental settings. Yet, movement and other types of artifacts still constrain the experimental tasks that can be performed in the home setting.

作者聚焦:通过同步多模态数据收集捕获婴儿与照顾者的互动

This protocol describes how synchronized electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and behavioral recordings were captured from infant-caregiver dyads in a home setting.

用于婴儿与照顾者社交互动的家庭脑电图超扫描

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of ...