Dr. Eisenhardt is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) # EI 866/1-1 and #EI 866/2-1.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Even though different surgical techniques have been described to regain a dynamic smile in patients with long standing facial paralysis, the two-stage repair with initial cross facial nerve grafting and consecutive free gracilis muscle transfer is seen as the &#8220;criterion standard&#8221;.
Although a two-stage procedure, the technique allows for spontaneity of the smile which is seen as a crucial factor to overcome the social handicap associated with facial palsy13.In cases of bi...

안면 신경은 안구 보호, 관절, 구강 자제에 관련된 크게 얼굴의 미적 외관 영향을 미친다. 이 신경의 손상 따라서 상당한 이환율과 사회적 철수와 연관되어있다. 치료에 상당한 발전에도 불구하고, 마비 된 얼굴과 관련된 문제의 다수는 추가 절차의 폭 넓은 스펙트럼의 대상이 될 수 있습니다. 모든 수술 기법에 공통적 인 정확한 해부학 적 기술에 대한 필요성이있다. 안면 신경 해부학 안면 신경은 얼굴 근육의 자발적인 모터 컨트롤과 눈물, 턱밑의 부교감 제어를위한 내장 모터 구성 요소 및 설하 땀샘 아가미 모터 구성 요소로 구성되어 있습니다. 또한, 외이도의 신경 분포 및 혀의 앞쪽 3 분의 2에 맛 두 가지 감각 구성 요소가 있습니다. 안면 신경의 과정은 수​​ b두개 내, intratemporal 및 extratemporal : 전자는 세 부분으로 세분화. 두개 부분으로, 이마 근육과 periauricular 지역에 분포 뉴런의 상단 그룹은 양측 대뇌 피질의 입력을 받는다. 나머지 얼굴 근육에 분포 뉴런 독점적으로 반대쪽 대뇌 피질의 입력을받을 수 있습니다. 결과적으로, 전두근 기능 동측 핵상 병변 유지된다. intratemporal 세그먼트는 상기 세 개의 세그먼트로 분할 될 수있다. 미로 세그먼트에서 큰 petrosal 신경은 부교감 신경 섬유 1 눈물샘을 공급하는 나뭇잎 트렁크. 유양 돌기 부분에 얇은 stapedius 신경이 상대 근육에 실행됩니다. 부교감 가지 턱밑, 설하을에 분포하고 혀의 앞쪽 삼분의이 미각 섬유 (chorda 고실)와 함께 제공되는 반면, 언어 분비를 전방. 안면 신경의 줄기는 뼈 운하를 종료stylomastoid 난원 공을 통해. 그러나 이것은 arborisation은 이하선에 들어가기 전에 시작되지 않습니다, extratemporal 세그먼트의 시작입니다. 신경 먼저 intraparotid 신경총을 형성하고 궁극적으로 시간, 광대뼈, 구강, 하악 자궁 분기 2를 야기 3-4 모터 부문으로 나뉩니다. 안면 마비의 감별 진단 안면 마비의 원인이 분류에 광범위하고 어렵 기 때문에, 영향을받는 부문이 먼저 고려되어야한다. 두개 안면 마비는 열공 경색 또는 두개 내 공동의 종양에 의해 발생할 수 있습니다. 세균과 바이러스 감염, 진주와 벨 마비는 intratemporal 신경 손상에 대한 이유가 될 수 있습니다. 종양 악성 종양과 관련된 수술 치료는 extratemporal 안면 마비에 대한 지배적 인 원인이됩니다. 벨 마비는 가장 일반적인 진단을 나타내고 있지만안면 마비 환자에서, 대부분의 환자는 후유증없이 완전히 회복 및 수술 3 필요하지 않습니다. 안면 마비의 두 번째 가장 흔한 원인은 외상이다. 여기에, 측두골에 골절이 주된 외상기구 (4)이다. 안면 마비의 치료 유형 많은 외과 옵션 안면 마비 치료에 존재하며 이들은 reinnervation, 정적 및 동적 재구성 재건로 분류 될 수있다. 일반적으로 2 년이 reinnervation 후 기능이 절차 5 reinnervating으로 만족스러운 회복 할 수있는 부상까지의 시간으로 간주됩니다. 나중에, 얼굴 근육의 탈 신경 위축은 더 재건에 대한 유용성을 배제한다. Reinnervation 1 차 신경 수리, interpositional 신경 이식, 간 안면 신경 이식이나 뇌신경 전달하여 얻을 수 있습니다. 정적 재건 기술은 수정 지시가기능 장애, (각막의 보호, 코의 공기 흐름의 개선, 그리고 침의 예방) 및 휴식 대칭을 개선하기 위해. 일반적인 절차는 아래 눈꺼풀 겉 말림에 대한 눈썹 처짐, 또는 canthoplasty에 대한 browlift된다. 정적 재건은 중요한 동반 질환을 가진 노인 환자 또는 외상이나 암 절제술에 보조 거대한 얼굴 결함 바람직하다. 동적 재건 수술 기법은 지역 근육 전송 및 턱 모터 분기 또는 교차 안면 신경 이식에 coaptation 중 하나를 무료로 microneurovascular 근육 전송으로 세분화 할 수있다. 다른 치료 옵션이 안정적으로 사회적 장애를 개선하기 위해 매우 중요하다 자연 미소를 달성하지 않기 때문에 후자는 안면 마비의 미소의 재건을위한 기준 표준을 나타냅니다. 턱 모터 분기에 Coaptation는 표시가 내선을 가지고 있지만, 양측 마비 환자에 대한 선택의 치료 방법입니다심각한 질환을 가진 환자 나 노인 환자는 일반적으로 단일 스테이지 절차 6에 따라 선호으로 끝났다. 박근 플랩 지역 해부학 박근 근육 내전근의 긴 근육을 대표하는 내측 허벅지 다소 피상적 인 근육이다. 그것은 낮은 치골과 치골의 하부 하악에서 유래. 말단 실행, 근육은 좁은되고뿐만 아니라 허벅지의 내전뿐만 아니라 무릎의 굴곡을 허용하는 경골의 무릎 관절 원위부 삽입합니다. 박근 근육이 지배적와 약간의 혈관 척추 경 7에서 동맥 공급 MATHES 및 Nahai는 후 유형 II 순환 패턴을 가지고있다. 지배적 인 동맥 내측 곡절 동맥에 종료 일반적으로 측면 코스 폐문에 근육을 종료합니다. 드물게, 지배적 인 동맥 깊은 대퇴 동맥에 직접 종료하지 않습니다. 감의 정맥 공급cilis 근육은 일반적으로 지배적 인 동맥을 따라 그 과정 깊은 내전근 longus 근육에, 두 venae의 comitantes을 통해 달성된다. 근육의 신경 분포는 폐문에 1-2cm 우량 근육을 입력 밀폐 신경의 전방 지점을 통해 달성된다. 임상 사용 박근 근육 재건 미세 귀중한 기증자 근육과 기능을 무료로 근육 전송을위한 많은 외과 의사에 대한 선택의 근육이되고있다. 이는 거기에 작은 공여부 이환이며 플랩 근육 소풍 각각 혈관 척추 경 치수에 관해서 최적 비율을 나타낸다는 사실에게 지불된다. 긴 단일 분포하는 운동 신경은 기능 플랩 수확 (8)을 완화. 우리는 여기에 음향의 절제 다음 처음에 왼쪽 주변 안면 마비의 전체​​ 그림으로 제시 49 세 여성의 경우를 보여이년 이전 신경종 (전정 신경초종). 환자는 대부분의 웃는 특히 안면 비대칭에 의해 고통했다. 다른 기존의 동반 질환은 설명하지 않습니다. 임상 시험시에, 환자는 이마 근육 마비 완전한 휴지 그러나 양호한 이마 대칭을 나타내었다. 뚜껑 폐쇄 5mm 벨의 현상의 토 안이와 왼쪽에 충분했다. 각막에 염증을 눈꺼풀 겉 말림의 징후가 발견했다. 나머지 부분에서, 환자는 오른쪽에 11cm 및 휴식 왼쪽에 11.5 cm의 tragus-modiolus 거리와 입의 모서리의 중간 비대칭을 보였다. 미소되면, tragus-modiolus 거리가 오른쪽에 9cm로 축소하고, 12cm 왼쪽에 긴. 광범위한 상담 후, 환자는 도너로서 신경 턱을 이용하여 자유 기능성 박근 전송과 미소 단일 스테이지 동적 재구성달라고. 환자는 다양한 테에 대한 정보를했다뚜껑 폐쇄 재건의 chniques 그러나이 단계에서 수술 적 치료를 거부했다. 치료의 과정은 복잡했다. reinnervation의 징후는 처음 수술 후 삼개월 발견되었다. 넉 달 수술 후, 환자는 이전 수정 안면 성형 절개 라인을 따라 하찮은 상처로 제시했다. 휴식 대칭과 미소 고의적는 팔자 주름의 만족스러운 정의와 우수했다. 환자는 또한 완전히 자연스러운 미소를 보였다. 입의 모서리의 여행의 사전 및 9 개월 수술 범위는 비디오 그래피에 의해 기록되었다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Nylon Suture, 9-0</td><td>Serag Weissner</td><td>Z0039490</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Polypropylene Suture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>-</td><td>Multiple thread sizes</td></tr><tr><td>Suprarenin 1mg/ml</td><td>Sanofi</td><td>-</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Cook-Swartz Doppler Probe</td><td>Cook Medical</td><td>G03014</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>DP-M350 Blood Flow Monitor</td><td>Cook Medical</td><td>-</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical Microscope OPMI Vario</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td>-</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Microsurgical instruments lab set</td><td>S&amp;amp;T</td><td>767</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Biemer vessel clip</td><td>Diener</td><td>64,562</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Applying forceps</td><td>Diener</td><td>64,568</td><td>for Biemer vessel clip</td></tr><tr><td>Cefuroxim 1500mg</td><td>Fresenius</td><td>J01DC02</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Braunoderm</td><td>Braun Melsungen</td><td>3881105</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Octenisept</td><td>Schuelke &amp;amp; Mayr</td><td>5702764</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>ISIS Neuromonitoring System</td><td>Inomed</td><td>-</td><td>&amp;deg;</td></tr><tr><td>Tissucol</td><td>Baxter</td><td>1.33052E+12</td><td>Fibrin glue</td></tr><tr><td>Jackson-Pratt Wound Drainage</td><td>Medline</td><td>SU130-1060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Myacyne Ointment</td><td>Schur Pharma</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

single-stage dynamic reanimation of the smile in irreversible facial paralysis by free functional muscle transfer

Unilateral facial paralysis is a common disease that is associated with significant functional, aesthetic and psychological issues. Though idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell&#8217;s palsy) is the most common diagnosis, patients can also present with a history of physical trauma, infectious disease, tumor, or iatrogenic facial paralysis. Early repair within one year of injury can be achieved by direct nerve repair, cross-face nerve grafting or regional nerve transfer. It is due to muscle atrophy that in long lasting facial paralysis complex reconstructive methods have to be applied. Instead of one single procedure, different surgical approaches have to be considered to alleviate the various components of the paralysis.
The reconstruction of a spontaneous dynamic smile with a symmetric resting tone is a crucial factor to overcome the functional deficits and the social handicap that are associated with facial paralysis. Although numerous surgical techniques have been described, a two-stage approach with an initial cross-facial nerve grafting followed by a free functional muscle transfer is most frequently applied. In selected patients however, a single-stage reconstruction using the motor nerve to the masseter as donor nerve is superior to a two-stage repair. The gracilis muscle is most commonly used for reconstruction, as it presents with a constant anatomy, a simple dissection and minimal donor site morbidity.
Here we demonstrate the pre-operative work-up, the post-operative management, and precisely describe the surgical procedure of single-stage microsurgical reconstruction of the smile by free functional gracilis muscle transfer in a step by step protocol. We further illustrate common pitfalls and provide useful tips which should enable the reader to truly comprehend the procedure. We further discuss indications and limitations of the technique and demonstrate representative results.

<html> 근육 이식편 대 reinnervation masseteric 신경의 사용은 환자 (5) (표 1)에서 평가 하였다. 그 중, 청신경 절제술은 안면 마비의 주요 원인이었다. 세 후보 단일 단계 과정보다는 &quot;금 표준&quot;두 단계 접근법을 바람직. 두 환자에서 절차는 상호 안면 신경 이식 (CFNG)에 의해 부족 자극 후 복구 프로 시저 역임했다. 단일 단계 수리 후 박근 플랩의 Reinnervation 3 개월 이...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer at JoVE.com

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

The use of the masseteric nerve as donor nerve represents a single-stage alternative to the criterion standard two-stage procedure of cross-facial nerve grafting and free muscle transfer in facial paralysis. We provide a detailed description to safely perform this technique with a gracilis muscle transfer and discuss indications and limitations.

무료 기능 근육 전송하여 돌이킬 수없는 안면 마비의 미소의 단일 단계 동적 소생

Unilateral facial paralysis is a common disease that is associated with significant functional, aesthetic and psychological issues. Though idiopathic ...

single-stage-dynamic-reanimation-smile-irreversible-facial-paralysis

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

105.8K 조회수.  University of Freiburg Medical Centre. The use of the masseteric nerve as donor nerve represents a single-stage alternative to the criterion standard two-stage procedure of cross-facial nerve grafting and free muscle transfer in facial paralysis. We provide a detailed description to safely perform this technique with a gracilis muscle transfer and discuss indications and limitations.

비디오: Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder associated with severe episodes of lancinating pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Previous reports indicate that 80-90% of cases are related to compression of the trigeminal nerve by an adjacent vessel. The majority of patients with trigeminal neuralgia eventually require surgical management in order to achieve remission of symptoms. Surgical options for management include ablative procedures (e.g., radiosurgery, percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning, balloon compression, glycerol rhizolysis, etc.) and microvascular decompression. Ablative procedures fail to address the root cause of the disorder and are less effective at preventing recurrence of symptoms over the long term than microvascular decompression. However, microvascular decompression is inherently more invasive than ablative procedures and is associated with increased surgical risks. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between surgeon experience and patient outcome in microvascular decompression. In this series of 59 patients operated on by two neurosurgeons (JSN and PEK) since 2006, 93% of patients demonstrated substantial improvement in their trigeminal neuralgia following the procedure&#x2014;with follow-up ranging from 6 weeks to 2 years. Moreover, 41 of 66 patients (approximately 64%) have been entirely pain-free following the operation.
In this publication, video format is utilized to review the microsurgical pathology of this disorder. Steps of the operative procedure are reviewed and salient principles and technical nuances useful in minimizing complications and maximizing efficacy are discussed.

There are many available options for management of the patient with trigeminal neuralgia. Microvascular decompression, while the most invasive of all options, is also the most effective at achieving long term remission of symptoms. Video instruction on how to maximize efficacy and minimize complications with this procedure is described.

Microvascular 감압 : 살리 엔트 외과 원칙과 기술 뉘앙스

Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder associated with severe episodes of lancinating pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Previous reports ...

연구

의학

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Electrical stimulation (EStim) refers to the application of electrical current to muscles or nerves in order to achieve functional and therapeutic goals. It has been extensively used in various clinical settings. Based upon recent discoveries related to the systemic effects of voluntary breathing and intrinsic physiological interactions among systems during voluntary breathing, a new EStim protocol, Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim), has been developed to augment the effects of electrical stimulation. In BreEStim, a single-pulse electrical stimulus is triggered and delivered to the target area when the airflow rate of an isolated voluntary inspiration reaches the threshold. BreEStim integrates intrinsic physiological interactions that are activated during voluntary breathing and has demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy. Two representative applications of BreEStim are reported with detailed protocols: management of post-stroke finger flexor spasticity and neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury.

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

The purpose is to present a new method, breathing-control electrical stimulation (BreEStim) for management of neuropathic pain and spasticity.

Neuropathic 고통과 Spasticity의 관리를위한 호흡 조절 전기 자극 (BreEStim)

Electrical stimulation (EStim) refers to the application of electrical current to muscles or nerves in order to achieve functional and therapeutic goals. ...

Facial Nerve Axotomy in Mice: A Model to Study Motoneuron Response to Injury

The goal of this surgical protocol is to expose the facial nerve, which innervates the facial musculature, at its exit from the stylomastoid foramen and either cut or crush it to induce peripheral nerve injury. Advantages of this surgery are its simplicity, high reproducibility, and the lack of effect on vital functions or mobility from the subsequent facial paralysis, thus resulting in a relatively mild surgical outcome compared to other nerve injury models. A major advantage of using a cranial nerve injury model is that the motoneurons reside in a relatively homogenous population in the facial motor nucleus in the pons, simplifying the study of the motoneuron cell bodies. Because of the symmetrical nature of facial nerve innervation and the lack of crosstalk between the facial motor nuclei, the operation can be performed unilaterally with the unaxotomized side serving as a paired internal control. A variety of analyses can be performed postoperatively to assess the physiologic response, details of which are beyond the scope of this article. For example, recovery of muscle function can serve as a behavioral marker for reinnervation, or the motoneurons can be quantified to measure cell survival. Additionally, the motoneurons can be accurately captured using laser microdissection for molecular analysis. Because the facial nerve axotomy is minimally invasive and well tolerated, it can be utilized on a wide variety of genetically modified mice. Also, this surgery model can be used to analyze the effectiveness of peripheral nerve injury treatments. Facial nerve injury provides a means for investigating not only motoneurons, but also the responses of the central and peripheral glial microenvironment, immune system, and target musculature. The facial nerve injury model is a widely accepted peripheral nerve injury model that serves as a powerful tool for studying nerve injury and regeneration.

We present a surgical protocol detailing how to perform a cut or crush axotomy on the facial nerve in the mouse. The facial nerve axotomy can be employed to study the physiological response to nerve injury and test therapeutic techniques.

마우스의 얼굴 신경 Axotomy : 부상으로 운동 신경 응답을 연구하는 모델

The goal of this surgical protocol is to expose the facial nerve, which innervates the facial musculature, at its exit from the stylomastoid foramen and ...

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial nerve can be manipulated along its entire length, from its intracranial segment to its extratemporal course. There are three primary types of nerve injury used for the experimental study of regenerative properties: nerve crush, transection, and nerve gap. The range of possible interventions is vast, including surgical manipulation of the nerve, delivery of neuroactive reagents or cells, and either central or end-organ manipulations. Advantages of this model for studying nerve regeneration include simplicity, reproducibility, interspecies consistency, reliable survival rates of the rat, and an increased anatomic size relative to murine models. Its limitations involve a more limited genetic manipulation versus the mouse model and the superlative regenerative capability of the rat, such that the facial nerve scientist must carefully assess time points for recovery and whether to translate results to higher animals and human studies. The rat model for facial nerve injury allows for functional, electrophysiological, and histomorphometric parameters for the interpretation and comparison of nerve regeneration. It thereby boasts tremendous potential toward furthering the understanding and treatment of the devastating consequences of facial nerve injury in human patients.

This protocol describes a reproducible approach to facial nerve surgery in the rat model, including descriptions of various inducible patterns of injury.

축축한 억제 및 재생을 연구하는 쥐 모델의 안면 신경 수술

This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial ...

신경과학

An Implantable System For Chronic In Vivo Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) measures the muscle response to electrical stimulation or spontaneous activity of motor units and plays an important role in assessing neuromuscular function. Chronic recording of EMG activity reflecting a muscle&#8217;s reinnervation status after nerve injury has been limited, due to the invasive nature of traditional EMG recording techniques. In this regard, an implantable system is designed for long-term, in vivo EMG recording and nerve stimulation. It has been applied and tested in a study on reinnervation of laryngeal muscles. This system consists of 1) two bipolar electrode nerve cuffs and leads for stimulating each of two nerves: the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN); 2) two EMG recording electrodes and leads for each of the two laryngeal muscles: posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle and thyroarytenoid-lateral cricoarytenoid (TA-LCA) muscle complex; and 3) a skin receptacle interfacing all implanted lead terminals to an external recording preamplifier and stimulator using a connection cable. The wire leads are Teflon-coated, multi-filament, type 316 stainless steel. They are coiled and can stretch during body movement of the awake animal to prevent lead breakage and electrode migration. This system is implanted during an aseptic surgery. Afterwards, baseline EMG recordings are performed before the RLN is transected in the second surgery to study muscle reinnervation. Throughout the study, multiple physiological sessions are conducted in the anesthetized animal to obtain evoked and spontaneous EMG activity that reflects the reinnervation status of laryngeal muscles. The system is compact, free of infection over the course of the study, and highly durable. This implantable system can provide a reliable platform for research in which long-term recording or nerve stimulation is required in an anesthetized or freely moving animal.&#160;

Presented here is a protocol for the manufacturing of an implantable system for in vivo chronological recording of evoked and spontaneous electromyographic potentials. The system is applied to the investigation of reinnervation of laryngeal muscles following nerve injury. &#160;&#160;

만성 생체 내 근전도를 위한 이식형 시스템

Electromyography (EMG) measures the muscle response to electrical stimulation or spontaneous activity of motor units and plays an important role in ...

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

After severe nerve injuries, selective nerve transfers provide an opportunity to restore motor and sensory function. Functional recovery depends both on the successful re-innervation of the targets in the periphery and on the motor re-learning process entailing cortical plasticity. While there is an increasing number of methods to improve rehabilitation, their routine implementation in a clinical setting remains a challenge due to their complexity and long duration. Therefore, recommendations for rehabilitation strategies are presented with the aim of guiding medical doctors and therapists through the long-lasting rehabilitation process and providing step-by-step instructions for supporting motor re-learning.
Directly after nerve transfer surgery, no motor function is present, and therapy should focus on promoting activity in the sensory-motor cortex areas of the paralyzed body part. After about two to six months (depending on the severity and modality of injury, the distance of nerve regeneration and many other factors), the first motor activity can be detected via electromyography (EMG). Within this phase of rehabilitation, multimodal feedback is used to re-learn the motor function. This is especially critical after nerve transfers, as muscle activation patterns change due to the altered neural connection. Finally, muscle strength should be sufficient to overcome gravity/resistance of antagonistic muscles and joint stiffness, and more functional tasks can be implemented in rehabilitation.

Here, we present a protocol for the motor rehabilitation of patients with severe nerve injuries and selective nerve transfer surgery. It aims at restoring the motor function proposing several stages in patient education, early-stage therapy after surgery and interventions for rehabilitation after successful re-innervation of the nerve&#8217;s target.

선택적 신경 전달 후 구조화 된 모터 재활

After severe nerve injuries, selective nerve transfers provide an opportunity to restore motor and sensory function. Functional recovery depends both on ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>쥐 모델을 사용한 두개안면 VML 손상의 생체 재료 평가

Rodent Model of Masseter Volumetric Muscle Loss for Studying Bioengineering Materials

Craniofacial volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries can occur as a result of severe trauma, surgical excision, inflammation, and congenital or other acquired conditions. Treatment of craniofacial VML involves surgical, functional muscle transfer. However, these procedures are unable to restore normal function, sensation, or expression, and more commonly, these conditions go untreated. Very little research has been conducted on skeletal muscle regeneration in animal models of craniofacial VML. This manuscript describes a rat model for the study of craniofacial VML injury and a protocol for the histological evaluation of biomaterials in the treatment of these injuries. Liquid hydrogel and freeze-dried scaffolds are applied at the time of surgical VML creation, and masseters are excised at terminal time points up to 12 weeks with high retention rates and negligible complications. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemical analysis are used to evaluate parameters of skeletal muscle regeneration as well as biocompatibility and immunomodulation. While we demonstrate the study of a hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogel, this model provides a means for evaluating subsequent iterations of materials in VML injuries.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>생명 공학 재료 연구를 위한 Masseter 체적 근육 손실의 설치류 모델

Here, we describe a protocol for the surgical creation of a volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury in the rat masseter, providing a reproducible and accessible model for the study of craniofacial muscle injuries and their treatment using biomaterials such as the novel hydrogel.

생명 공학 재료 연구를 위한 Masseter 체적 근육 손실의 설치류 모델

Craniofacial volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries can occur as a result of severe trauma, surgical excision, inflammation, and congenital or other ...

생체공학

Force Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle After VML Injury

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury

Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is prevalent in civilian and military populations and represents a debilitating skeletal muscle injury surpassing the body&#39;s natural regenerative capacity. These injuries disrupt not only muscle fibers but also nerves, blood vessels, and the extracellular matrix, overwhelming the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle and leading to severe fibrosis and permanent deficiencies in muscle structure and function. Current clinical management has many limitations, and thus, research is ongoing to develop more effective therapeutic approaches. Notably, however, much of the preclinical emphasis on VML injuries has focused on limb and trunk muscles, with limited investigation into craniofacial muscles. Differences in developmental biology and regenerative capacity between craniofacial and limb/trunk muscles may provide crucial insights that drive more injury-specific VML treatment options. Moreover, evaluation of functional recovery is critical to establishing therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, in vivo testing of muscle contraction with percutaneous nerve stimulation is a minimally invasive method that allows for repeated functional assessment over the course of a study - in the same animal. In light of these considerations, this paper describes a method for the in vivo assessment of muscle function in the rat masseter muscle before and after a VML injury. This protocol is the first published instance to detail the creation and functional evaluation of a biologically relevant craniofacial VML injury in the rat.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries exceed endogenous regenerative ability, resulting in permanent functional deficits. Current VML research primarily focuses on limb and trunk muscles. To extend mechanistic studies of VML to craniofacial muscles, this article describes an in vivo method for longitudinal assessment of masseter muscle function pre- and post-VML injury.

무료 기능 근육 전송하여 돌이킬 수없는 안면 마비의 미소의 단일 단계 동적 소생

요약

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Microvascular 감압 : 살리 엔트 외과 원칙과 기술 뉘앙스

Neuropathic 고통과 Spasticity의 관리를위한 호흡 조절 전기 자극 (BreEStim)

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축축한 억제 및 재생을 연구하는 쥐 모델의 안면 신경 수술

만성 생체 내 근전도를 위한 이식형 시스템

선택적 신경 전달 후 구조화 된 모터 재활

생명 공학 재료 연구를 위한 Masseter 체적 근육 손실의 설치류 모델

생명 공학 재료 연구를 위한 Masseter 체적 근육 손실의 설치류 모델

생명 공학 재료 연구를 위한 Masseter 체적 근육 손실의 설치류 모델

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury