Name: patch angioplasty in the rat aorta or inferior vena cava
Uploaded: 2017-02-27T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 4 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava at JoVE.com

この作品は、国民健康補助金R56-HL095498、R01-HL-095498（AD）は、R01-HL128406、退役軍人生物医学研究所研究の米国部からメリットレビュー賞I01-BX002336の研究所とによって部分的にサポートされていました開発プログラム（AD）は、エール（AD）は手術大瀬賞の部門、（JMS）はサーノフ循環器財団フェローシップ、および資源を通って、退役軍人コネチカット医療システム（コネチカット州にある施設の利用）。ウシ心膜パッチは寛大ルメートル血管社（マサチューセッツ州バーリントン）から提供されました。

適切な制度的動物実験委員会の承認は、あなたのプロトコルがあなたの機関の動物実験倫理委員会のガイドラインに従っていることを示す、取得する必要があります。 1.麻酔と手術前の手順<ol><li>気化した3％のイソフルラン及びアクリル誘導チャンバ内に投与1リットル/分の酸素と、周りに200グラムの重量を量る、Wistar系雄性ラットを麻酔。 </li><li>つま先と尾のピンチに反応性の欠如を通じて十分な麻酔を確認してください。動物が麻酔下にある間乾燥を防ぐために、目に軟膏を置きます。位置プラスチック操作板上の各ラットの仰臥位および気化2配信するためにシリコーンマスクを配置 - 連続吸入により3％のイソフルランを。それは胸骨横臥位を維持するのに十分な意識を取り戻したまで無人の動物を放置しないでください。 </li><li>滅菌手袋を身に着けている間、毛リムーバーを使用して、腹側腹部の毛を除去します。 Buprenorphine、皮下または腹腔内に、頻繁にこの時点で与えられています。 </li></ol> 2.手術の手順<ol><li> パッチvenoplasty <ol><li>手術前に、3ミリメートル×1.5ミリメートル×0.6ミリメートルサイズにmicroscissorを使用して、ウシの心膜パッチをトリミングします。細胞培養皿に5分間の滅菌生理食塩水10mlにパッチを浸します。 </li><li>あなたの制度的プロトコルに従って局所消毒して切開部位を準備し、外科用ドレープを適用します。手術を通して無菌技術を維持するために、滅菌手袋や楽器を使用してください。局所麻酔は、計画された皮膚切開の部位に注入することができます。 </li><li>メスを使用して、ちょうど恥骨上記に剣状突起のレベルから延びる腹部正中切開を行います。 </li><li>開創器を挿入し、右側に向かって腹腔からすべての腸を骨抜き。生理食塩水に浸したガーゼで腸ラップ。 </li><li>私を公開nfrarenal大静脈（IVC）。パッチ移植部位は、腎静脈の起源のレベルよりも約2ミリメートルです。このサイトでは無料のIVCを分析。 6-0ナイロン縫合糸を使用して、このレベルですべての腰椎と支流静脈を結紮し、分割します。 </li><li>近位および遠位infarenal IVCの両方を横切って2マイクロサークリップを配置します。 IVCの前壁を穿刺することにより、25 G針で静脈切開を行い、その後、ハサミ（ 図1A）を使用して3mm程度にそれを拡張します。 </li><li>実行中または中断10-0ナイロン縫合糸（ 図1B）を使用して、パッチで静脈切開を閉じます。 </li><li> venoplastyの閉鎖を完了します。パッチを通気した後、IVCへの血流を回復するために、近位のクランプを除去するために、第1の遠位のクランプを外します。 </li><li>圧縮せずに30秒間観察することにより止血を確認してください。彼らの自然な位置に腸を返します。承認された動物プロトコルに従って実行されている縫合糸で腹部を閉じます。 </li></ol></li><li> パッチ動脈形成術 <ol><li>手術前に、3ミリメートル×1.5ミリメートル×0.6ミリメートルサイズにmicroscissorを使用して、ウシの心膜パッチをトリミングします。滅菌生理食塩水でそれを浸します。 </li><li>局所消毒で切開部位を準備し、外科用ドレープを適用します。手術を通して無菌技術を維持するために、滅菌手袋や楽器を使用してください。 </li><li>メスを使用して、ちょうど恥骨上記に剣状突起のレベルから延びる腹部正中切開を行います。 </li><li>開創器を挿入し、右側に向かって腹腔からすべての腸を骨抜き。生理食塩水に浸したガーゼで腸ラップ。 </li><li>大動脈を公開します。パッチ移植部位は、腎動脈の起源のレベルよりも約2ミリメートルです。このサイトでは無料の大動脈を解剖。 6-0ナイロン縫合糸を使用して、このレベルでは、すべての腰動脈を結紮し、分割します。 </li><li>腎臓下の大動脈をクランプします。 puncturiによって動脈切開を行うために25 G針を使用します大動脈の前壁ngをしてから、はさみ（ 図1C）を使用して3mm程度にそれを拡張します。 </li><li> 10-0ナイロン縫合糸（ 図1D）を実行して使用してパッチに動脈切開を閉じます。動脈形成術の閉鎖を完了します。パッチをベントしてから大動脈への血流を回復するために、近位のクランプを除去するために、第1の遠位のクランプを外します。 </li><li>圧縮せずに30秒間観察することにより止血を確認してください。彼らの自然な位置に腸を返します。承認された動物プロトコルに従って実行されている縫合糸で腹部を閉じます。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.術後の手順<ol><li>腹部の閉鎖後、麻酔を中止してください。施設内動物管理使用委員会が推奨する指示に従って、鎮痛および創傷ケアなどの術後ケアを適用します。 </li><li>鎮痛のために、0.1mgのでブプレノルフィンを使用/ kgの筋肉内に24時間毎に12時間以上では続きません外科手術る。周術期の期間から適切なリカバリ、および術後疼痛の適切な治療を確実に、動物室で毎日動物の状態を確認してください。それは完全に回復するまで他の動物の会社に手術を受けた動物を返さないでください。 </li></ol><style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica}
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	<li>Muto, A., Nishibe, T., Dardik, H., Dardik, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patches+for+carotid+artery+endarterectomy:+current+materials+and+prospects.">Patches for carotid artery endarterectomy: current materials and prospects.</a> J Vasc Surg. 50 (1), 206-213 (2009).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+usage+and+future+directions+for+the+bovine+pericardial+patch.">Current usage and future directions for the bovine pericardial patch.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 25 (4), 561-568 (2011).</li><li>Biasi, G. M., Sternjakob, S., Mingazzini, P. M., Ferrari, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nine-year+experience+of+bovine+pericardium+patch+angioplasty+during+carotid+endarterectomy.">Nine-year experience of bovine pericardium patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy.</a> J Vasc Surg. 36 (2), 271-277 (2002).</li><li>Papakostas, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+vascu-guard+bovine+pericardium+patch+for+arteriotomy+closure+in+carotid+endarterectomy.+Early+and+long-term+results.">Use of the vascu-guard bovine pericardium patch for arteriotomy closure in carotid endarterectomy. Early and long-term results.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 28 (5), 1213-1218 (2014).</li><li>Ohwada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutaraldehyde-fixed+heterologous+pericardium+for+vena+cava+grafting+following+hepatectomy.">Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterologous pericardium for vena cava grafting following hepatectomy.</a> Hepatogastroenterology. 46 (26), 855-858 (1999).</li><li>Mori, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standard+hepatic+vein+reconstruction+with+patch+plasty+using+the+native+portal+vein+in+adult+living+donor+liver+transplantation.">Standard hepatic vein reconstruction with patch plasty using the native portal vein in adult living donor liver transplantation.</a> Liver Transpl. 18 (5), 602-607 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+venoplasty+heals+via+attraction+of+venous+progenitor+cells.">Pericardial patch venoplasty heals via attraction of venous progenitor cells.</a> Physiological Reports. 4 (12), (2016).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+angioplasty+heals+via+an+Ephrin-B2+and+CD34+positive+cell+mediated+mechanism.">Pericardial patch angioplasty heals via an Ephrin-B2 and CD34 positive cell mediated mechanism.</a> PLoS One. 7 (6), 38844 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pretreatment+of+pericardial+patches+with+antibiotics+does+not+alter+patch+healing+in+vivo.">Pretreatment of pericardial patches with antibiotics does not alter patch healing in vivo.</a> J Vasc Surg. 63 (4), 1063-1073 (2016).</li><li>Muto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eph-B4+prevents+venous+adaptive+remodeling+in+the+adult+arterial+environment.">Eph-B4 prevents venous adaptive remodeling in the adult arterial environment.</a> J Exp Med. 208 (3), 561-575 (2011).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

私たちは、それぞれ、パッチvenoplastyまたはパッチの動脈形成を作成し、静脈または動脈のいずれかで使用することができたラットにおけるパッチ血管形成術のモデルを記述します。この心膜パッチモデルを用いて、我々は大動脈動脈形成術（ 図2）7、8に比べてラットのIVC venoplastyに積極的かつ安定した新生内膜過形成を示しました。 <...

心膜パッチ、ウシまたはブタのいずれかで一般に近い血管の血管外科医は、再狭窄1,2の危険性を低減します。動脈手術では、心膜パッチ血管形成術は、一次閉鎖3、4に比べて再狭窄率を低下させます。パッチvenoplastyも同様に、動脈手順5、6にそれほど頻繁に比較した場合にも、静脈を閉鎖するために行われます。パッチは、典型的には、その腔面上の新生内膜過形成を開発します。しかし、新生内膜形成のメカニズムは、特に、動脈と静脈の環境間で新生内膜形成の違いを比較して、不明なままです。我々は以前心膜パッチは、動脈と静脈の両方の環境で前駆細胞を誘引することが示されたと静脈パッチ血管形成術は、より多くのAを示しています動脈パッチ7,8に比べてggressive新生内膜形成。 本研究では、静脈および動脈の両方を閉じることに共通の心膜パッチ血管形成のラットモデルを記述し、その新生内膜形成を研究するために使用されてもよいです。この方法は、一般的にヒト患者において使用される手術技術の小動物モデルです。ラットモデルは、手術の技術的側面を容易にし、モデルの学習曲線を改善する、マウスモデルよりも大きな直径を有しています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Bovine pericardial patch</td><td>LeMaitre Vascular</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vascular clamp</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.</td><td>RS-5424</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Clamp applying forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td><td>RS-5410</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10-0 Prolene suture</td><td>Arosurgical Co.</td><td>T05A10N10-13</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

patch angioplasty in the rat aorta or inferior vena cava

心膜パッチは、一般的に血管を閉じるために血管手術に使用されています。パッチの形成、新生内膜過形成の研究を容易にするために、我々は、それぞれ、パッチvenoplastyまたはパッチ動脈形成の作成、静脈または動脈のいずれかで使用することができるパッチ血管形成のラットモデルを開発しました。このモデルの技術的な側面が議論されています。赤外線腎IVCまたは大動脈を切開した後、近位および遠位クランプされます。 3ミリメートルの静脈切開または動脈切開は、6〜8週齢のWistarラットの腎臓下の下大静脈または大動脈で行われます。ウシ心膜パッチ（×1.5ミリメートル×0.6ミリメートル3ミリメートル）を10-0ナイロン縫合糸を使用してサイトを閉鎖するために使用されます。動脈パッチに比べて、静脈パッチは、術後7日目に、新生内膜の厚さ増加を示す心膜パッチ血管形成術のこの新規なモデルは、血管の生体材料の新生内膜過形成を調べるために、ならびに、動脈と静脈の間の違いを比較するために使用することができます環境。

パッチ血管形成術の後、静脈た（n = 42）または動脈（N = 24）パッチ群のいずれかには血栓はありませんでした。 7日目での生存率は、静脈または動脈パッチのいずれかで両群で100％でした。 パッチは、7日目に採取し、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシンで染色し、そして以前に7に記載されているように</su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava at JoVE.com

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

ラット大動脈または下大静脈内のパッチ血管形成術

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

patch-angioplasty-in-the-rat-aorta-or-inferior-vena-cava

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.5K ビュー.  Yale University. We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

ビデオ: Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP).
The commonly used animal model for cardiovascular chronic rejection studies is the heterotopic heart transplant model performed in laboratory rodents. This model is used widely in experiments since Ono and Lindsey (3) published their technique. To analyze the findings in the blood vessels, the heart has to be sectioned and all vessels have to be measured.
Another method to investigate chronic rejection in cardiovascular questionings is the aortic transplant model (1, 2). In the orthotopic aortic transplant model, the aorta can easily be histologically evaluated (2). The PVG-to-ACI model is especially useful for CAV studies, since acute vascular rejection is not a major confounding factor and Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment does not prevent the development of CAV, similar to what we find in the clinical setting (4). A7-day period of CsA is required in this model to prevent acute rejection and to achieve long-term survival with the development of TVP.
This model can also be used to investigate acute cellular rejection and media necrosis in xenogeneic models (5).

This video demonstrates the orthotopic aortic transplant model as a simple model to study the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP) in rats.

同所性大動脈移植：慢性血管障害の発生研究のラットモデル

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

医学

Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Rat Lung

The adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that responds to a need for enhanced lung perfusion and shows robust neovascularization. Pulmonary vascular ischemia induced by pulmonary artery obstruction has been shown to result in rapid systemic arterial angiogenesis in man as well as in several animal models. Although the histologic assessment of the time course of bronchial artery proliferation in rats was carefully described by Weibel 1, mechanisms responsible for this organized growth of new vessels are not clear. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia in the rat that leads to bronchial neovascularization. Quantification of the extent of angiogenesis presents an additional challenge due to the presence of the two vascular beds within the lung. Methods to determine functional angiogenesis based on labeled microsphere injections are provided.

The lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that shows robust neovascularization. Cessation of pulmonary blood flow promotes brisk bronchial angiogenesis. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia that promotes bronchial neovascularization.

虚血ラットの肺の血管新生

The  adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire  venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung ...

A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathophysiology. There is no abdominal aortic aneurysm endograft exclusion model cheap and reproducible, which would allow deep investigations of AAA before and after treatment. We hereby describe how to induce, and then to exclude with a covered coronary stentgraft an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat. The well known elastase induced AAA model was first reported in 19901 in a rat, then described in mice2. Elastin degradation leads to dilation of the aorta with inflammatory infiltration of the abdominal wall and intra luminal thrombus, matching with human AAA. Endovascular exclusion with small covered stentgraft is then performed, excluding any interactions between circulating blood and the aneurysm thrombus. Appropriate exclusion and stentgraft patency is confirmed before euthanasia by an angiography thought the left carotid artery. Partial control of elastase diffusion makes aneurysm shape different for each animal. It is difficult to create an aneurysm, which will allow an appropriate length of aorta below the aneurysm for an easy stentgraft introduction, and with adequate proximal and distal neck to prevent endoleaks. Lots of failure can result to stentgraft introduction which sometimes lead to aorta tear with pain and troubles to stitch it, and endothelial damage with post op aorta thrombosis. Giving aspirin to rats before stentgraft implantation decreases failure rate without major hemorrhage. Clamping time activates neutrophils, endothelium and platelets, and may interfere with biological analysis.

Histological and biochemical modifications after aneurysm endograft exclusion are still unclear. We describe a new model of endograft implantation on a murine aneurysm. Through thrombus analysis with and without persistant circulating blood stream interface, and new endovascular biomaterials evaluation, this model will help to better understand endovascular aneurysm exclusion pathobiology.

血管内大動脈瘤の修復の新しいマウスモデル

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of ...

Imaging In-Stent Restenosis: An Inexpensive, Reliable, and Rapid Preclinical Model

Preclinical models of restenosis are essential to unravel the pathophysiological processes that lead to in-stent restenosis and to optimize existing and future drug-eluting stents.
A variety of antibodies and transgenic and knockout strains are available in rats. Consequently, a model for in-stent restenosis in the rat would be convenient for pathobiological and pathophysiological studies. 
In this video, we present the full procedure and pit-falls of a rat stent model suitable for high throughput stent research. We will show the surgical procedure of stent deployment, and the assessment of in-stent restenosis using the most elegant technique of OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). This technique provides high accuracy in assessing plaque CSAs (cross section areas) and correlates well with histological sections, which require special and time consuming embedding and sectioning techniques. OCT imaging further allows longitudinal monitoring of the development of in-stent restenosis within the same animal compared to one-time snapshots using histology.

This video demonstrates how to use a preclinical inexpensive and reliable model to study pathobiological and pathophysiological processes of in-stent restenosis development. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring using OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and analysis of OCT images are also demonstrated.

イメージングステント内再狭窄：安価な、信頼性、および迅速な前臨床モデル

Preclinical models of restenosis are essential to unravel the pathophysiological processes that lead to in-stent restenosis and to optimize existing and ...

生物学

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation, neointima formation and vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are the most frequently employed animals for this model. Female rats are not preferred as female hormones are protective against vascular diseases and thus introduce a variation into this procedure. The left carotid is typically injured with the right carotid serving as a negative control. Left carotid injury is caused by the inflated balloon that denudes the endothelium and distends the vessel wall. Following injury, potential therapeutic strategies such as the use of pharmacological compounds and either gene or shRNA transfer can be evaluated. Typically for gene or shRNA transfer, the injured section of the vessel lumen is locally transduced for 30 min with viral particles encoding either a protein or shRNA for delivery and expression in the injured vessel wall. Neointimal thickening representing proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells usually peaks at 2 weeks after injury. Vessels are mostly harvested at this time point for cellular and molecular analysis of cell signaling pathways as well as gene and protein expression. Vessels can also be harvested at earlier time points to determine the onset of expression and/or activation of a specific protein or pathway, depending on the experimental aims intended. Vessels can be characterized and evaluated using histological staining, immunohistochemistry, protein/mRNA assays, and activity assays. The intact right carotid artery from the same animal is an ideal internal control. Injury-induced changes in molecular and cellular parameters can be evaluated by comparing the injured artery to the internal right control artery. Likewise, therapeutic modalities can be evaluated by comparing the injured and treated artery to the control injured only artery.

This protocol uses a balloon catheter to cause an intraluminal injury on the rat carotid artery and henceforth elicit neointimal hyperplasia. This is a well-established model for studying the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to injury. It is also widely used to determine the validity of potential therapeutic approaches.

ラット頸動脈における血管バルーン傷害と管腔内投与

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

ラット頸動脈バルーン損傷モデルは、抗血管リモデリングの治療薬をテストします

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Shunt Surgery, Right Heart Catheterization, and Vascular Morphometry in a Rat Model for Flow-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

In this protocol, PAH is induced by combining a 60 mg/kg monocrotalin (MCT) injection with increased pulmonary blood flow through an aorto-caval shunt (MCT+Flow). The shunt is created by inserting an 18-G needle from the abdominal aorta into the adjacent caval vein. Increased pulmonary flow has been demonstrated as an essential trigger for a severe form of PAH with distinct phases of disease progression, characterized by early medial hypertrophy followed by neointimal lesions and the progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary vessels. To measure the right heart and pulmonary hemodynamics in this model, right heart catheterization is performed by inserting a rigid cannula containing a flexible ball-tip catheter via the right jugular vein into the right ventricle. The catheter is then advanced into the main and the more distal pulmonary arteries. The histopathology of the pulmonary vasculature is assessed qualitatively, by scoring the pre- and intra-acinar vessels on the degree of muscularization and the presence of a neointima, and quantitatively, by measuring the wall thickness, the wall-lumen ratios, and the occlusion score.

This protocol describes a surgical procedure to create a model for flow-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats and the procedures to analyze the principle hemodynamic and histological end-points in this model.

流れ誘導性の肺動脈性肺高血圧症のためのラットモデルにおけるシャント手術、右心カテーテル、および血管形態計測

In this protocol, PAH is induced by combining a 60 mg/kg monocrotalin (MCT) injection with increased pulmonary blood flow through an aorto-caval shunt ...

Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique

The steady progess in the armamentarium of techniques available for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires affordable and reproducable experimental animal models to test novel embolization materials such as stents and flow diverters. The aim of the present project was to design a safe, fast, and standardized surgical technique for stent assisted embolization of saccular aneurysms in a rat animal model.
Saccular aneurysms were created from an arterial graft from the descending aorta.The aneurysms were microsurgically transplanted through end-to-side anastomosis to the infrarenal abdominal aorta of a syngenic male Wistar rat weighing &#62;500 g. Following aneurysm anastomosis, aneurysm embolization was performed using balloon expandable magnesium stents (2.5 mm x 6 mm). The stent system was retrograde introduced from the lower abdominal aorta using a modified Seldinger technique.
Following a pilot series of 6 animals, a total of 67 rats were operated according to established standard operating procedures. Mean surgery time, mean anastomosis time, and mean suturing time of the artery puncture site were 167 &#177; 22 min, 26 &#177; 6 min and 11 &#177; 5 min, respectively. The mortality rate was 6% (n=4). The morbidity rate was 7.5% (n=5), and in-stent thrombosis was found in 4 cases (n=2 early, n=2 late in stent thrombosis).
The results demonstrate the feasibility of standardized stent occlusion of saccular sidewall aneurysms in rats - with low rates of morbidity and mortality. This stent embolization procedure combines the opportunity to study novel concepts of stent or flow diverter based devices as well as the molecular aspects of healing.

Reproducable experimental animal models are needed for the testing of novel embolization materials, which have been designed to treat endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms (IA). The present study aims to develop a safe and standardized surgical technique for stent assisted embolization of saccular aneurysms in a rat animal model.

ラットのモデル - 手術手技の導入における嚢状脳動脈瘤のステント治療を生分解性マグネシウム

The steady progess in the armamentarium of techniques available for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires affordable and reproducable ...

神経科学

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation.
The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the aorta induce chronic hypoxia due to hypoperfusion of the adventitial vasa vasorum. This article describes a novel animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with characteristics similar to those of AAA in humans.

外ヴァーサ栄養血管の血流をブロックすることにより腹部の大動脈瘤の齧歯動物モデルの作成

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic ...

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the luminal surface area in arteries thereby reducing adequate blood flow to organs and distal tissues. Clinically, revascularization procedures such as balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement aim to restore blood flow. Although these procedures reestablish blood flow by reducing plaque burden, they damage the vessel wall, which initiates the arterial healing response. The prolonged healing response causes arterial restenosis, or re-narrowing, ultimately limiting the long-term success of these revascularization procedures. Therefore, preclinical animal models are integral for analyzing the pathophysiological mechanisms driving restenosis, and provide the opportunity to test novel therapeutic strategies. Murine models are cheaper and easier to operate on than large animal models. Balloon or wire injury are the two commonly accepted injury modalities used in murine models. Balloon injury models in particular mimic the clinical angioplasty procedure and cause adequate damage to the artery for the development of restenosis. Herein we describe the surgical details for performing and histologically analyzing the modified, pressure-controlled rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Additionally, this protocol highlights how local periadventitial application of therapeutics can be used to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Lastly, we present light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a novel approach for imaging and visualizing the arterial injury in three-dimensions.

The rat carotid artery balloon injury mimics the clinical angioplasty procedure performed to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. This model induces the arterial injury response by distending the arterial wall, and denuding the intimal layer of endothelial cells, ultimately causing remodeling and an intimal hyperplastic response.

過期治療アプリケーションを用いてラット頸動脈圧制御区分バルーン損傷

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the ...