Name: patch angioplasty in the rat aorta or inferior vena cava
Uploaded: 2017-02-27T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 4 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava at JoVE.com

这项工作是由卫生赠款R56-HL095498，R01-HL-095498（公元），R01-HL128406，优点评论奖I01-BX002336从退伍军人事务医学实验室研究的美国能源部的国家机构，并支持部分发展计划（公元），外科OHSE奖的耶鲁大学部（公元），一萨诺夫心血管基金会奖学金（到JMS），并通过资源和退伍军人事务部康涅狄格卫生保健系统（西黑文，CT使用的设施）。牛心包补片慷慨勒梅特Vascular公司（伯灵顿，MA）提供。

必须获得批准相应的机构动物护理和使用委员会，表明您的协议跟随你的机构的动物伦理委员会的指导方针。 1.麻醉和手术前的程序<ol><li>麻醉雄性Wistar大鼠，体重约200克，用汽化3％异氟醚和1升/分钟氧气给予到丙烯酸感应腔室。 </li><li>通过缺乏反应脚趾和尾巴捏确认足够的麻醉。放置在眼睛软膏，以防止干燥，而动物麻醉下。连续吸入3％异氟醚 - 定位在整形手术板每只大鼠仰卧和定位一个硅胶面具交付蒸发2。无人看管，直到它已经恢复了足够的意识，以保持胸骨斜卧不要让动物。 </li><li>而戴无菌手套，用毛发去除去除腹部腹面头发。 Buprenorphine，皮下或腹膜内，经常在这点上给出。 </li></ol> 2.手术过程<ol><li> 补丁venoplasty <ol><li>手术前，修剪使用microscissor到3 x 1.5毫米×0.6毫米规格的牛心包补片。浸泡在10ml无菌盐水的贴剂用于在细胞培养皿5分钟。 </li><li>根据你的机构协议与局部消毒剂准备切口部位，并应用手术单。使用无菌手套和工具，以在整个手术保持无菌操作。局部麻醉可注入计划皮肤切口的部位。 </li><li>使用手术刀，使从剑突只是耻骨上方的水平延伸中线腹部切口。 </li><li>插入的牵开器以及从朝向右侧腹腔剔骨所有肠子。裹肠纱布用盐水浸湿。 </li><li>揭露我nfrarenal腔静脉（IVC）。补丁植入位置低于肾静脉的原点的水平大约为2毫米;解剖IVC免费在这个网站。结扎并用尼龙6-0缝线这个级别划分的所有腰椎和支流的静脉。 </li><li>放置两个显微夹子穿过近端和远端infarenal IVC两者。通过刺穿IVC前壁执行与地下25针venotomy，然后将其扩展到使用剪刀（ 图1A）约3毫米。 </li><li>与使用补丁的运行或中断10-0尼龙缝合线（ 图1B）关闭venotomy。 </li><li>完成venoplasty关闭。先取下远端钳夹发泄补丁，然后取下夹子近端恢复血流到下腔静脉。 </li><li>通过不压缩观察30秒，确认止血。返回肠子其自然的位置。用连续缝合按照批准的动物协议关闭腹部。 </li></ol></li><li> 修补成形术 <ol><li>手术前，修剪使用microscissor到3 x 1.5毫米×0.6毫米规格的牛心包补片。浸泡在消毒液。 </li><li>准备切口部位有局部消毒剂和应用手术单。使用无菌手套和工具，以在整个手术保持无菌操作。 </li><li>使用手术刀，使从剑突只是耻骨上方的水平延伸中线腹部切口。 </li><li>插入的牵开器以及从朝向右侧腹腔剔骨所有肠子。裹肠纱布用盐水浸湿。 </li><li>暴露主动脉。补丁植入位置低于肾动脉的原点的水平大约为2毫米;剖析免费在这个网站的主动脉。结扎并用尼龙6-0缝线这个级别划分的所有腰动脉。 </li><li>夹紧下腹主动脉。使用地下25针履行puncturi动脉切口纳克主动脉的前壁，然后将其扩展到大约3使用毫米剪刀（ 图1C）。 </li><li>使用运行10-0尼龙缝合线（ 图1D）补丁关闭动脉切开术。完成成形术关闭。先取下远端钳夹发泄补丁，然后取下夹子近端恢复血流到主动脉。 </li><li>通过不压缩观察30秒，确认止血。返回肠子其自然的位置。用连续缝合按照批准的动物协议关闭腹部。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.手术后的程序<ol><li>腹部闭合后，停止麻醉。申请术后护理，包括镇痛和伤口护理，根据由机构动物护理和使用委员会推荐的指令。 </li><li>镇痛，丁丙诺啡使用0.1毫克/公斤肌注不超过每12小时小于24小时跟随ING的外科手术。检查动物的状态，每天在动物房，确保了围手术期适当的恢复以及对术后疼痛适当治疗。不要返回已动过手术，以公司的其他动物，直到它已经完全康复的动物。 </li></ol><style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica}
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	<li>Muto, A., Nishibe, T., Dardik, H., Dardik, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patches+for+carotid+artery+endarterectomy:+current+materials+and+prospects.">Patches for carotid artery endarterectomy: current materials and prospects.</a> J Vasc Surg. 50 (1), 206-213 (2009).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+usage+and+future+directions+for+the+bovine+pericardial+patch.">Current usage and future directions for the bovine pericardial patch.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 25 (4), 561-568 (2011).</li><li>Biasi, G. M., Sternjakob, S., Mingazzini, P. M., Ferrari, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nine-year+experience+of+bovine+pericardium+patch+angioplasty+during+carotid+endarterectomy.">Nine-year experience of bovine pericardium patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy.</a> J Vasc Surg. 36 (2), 271-277 (2002).</li><li>Papakostas, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+vascu-guard+bovine+pericardium+patch+for+arteriotomy+closure+in+carotid+endarterectomy.+Early+and+long-term+results.">Use of the vascu-guard bovine pericardium patch for arteriotomy closure in carotid endarterectomy. Early and long-term results.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 28 (5), 1213-1218 (2014).</li><li>Ohwada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutaraldehyde-fixed+heterologous+pericardium+for+vena+cava+grafting+following+hepatectomy.">Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterologous pericardium for vena cava grafting following hepatectomy.</a> Hepatogastroenterology. 46 (26), 855-858 (1999).</li><li>Mori, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standard+hepatic+vein+reconstruction+with+patch+plasty+using+the+native+portal+vein+in+adult+living+donor+liver+transplantation.">Standard hepatic vein reconstruction with patch plasty using the native portal vein in adult living donor liver transplantation.</a> Liver Transpl. 18 (5), 602-607 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+venoplasty+heals+via+attraction+of+venous+progenitor+cells.">Pericardial patch venoplasty heals via attraction of venous progenitor cells.</a> Physiological Reports. 4 (12), (2016).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pericardial+patch+angioplasty+heals+via+an+Ephrin-B2+and+CD34+positive+cell+mediated+mechanism.">Pericardial patch angioplasty heals via an Ephrin-B2 and CD34 positive cell mediated mechanism.</a> PLoS One. 7 (6), 38844 (2012).</li><li>Bai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pretreatment+of+pericardial+patches+with+antibiotics+does+not+alter+patch+healing+in+vivo.">Pretreatment of pericardial patches with antibiotics does not alter patch healing in vivo.</a> J Vasc Surg. 63 (4), 1063-1073 (2016).</li><li>Muto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eph-B4+prevents+venous+adaptive+remodeling+in+the+adult+arterial+environment.">Eph-B4 prevents venous adaptive remodeling in the adult arterial environment.</a> J Exp Med. 208 (3), 561-575 (2011).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

我们描述了可以在任一静脉或动脉中使用的一个老鼠血管补片的模式，创造了一个补丁venoplasty或修补成形术，分别。使用这种心包补片模型中，我们在大鼠下腔静脉venoplasty相比主动脉动脉成形术（ 图2）7,8表明侵略性和稳定新生内膜增生。 一些技术方面的显着。在主动脉动脉成形术，它是重要的缝线是紧和足够的数量...

血管外科医生通常靠近血管心包修补程序，无论是牛或猪，以减少再狭窄1,2的风险。在动脉手术，心包补片成形术相比降低的初级闭合3,4再狭窄率。补丁venoplasty也同样进行收脉，虽然不经常相比，动脉程序5，6时。补丁典型培养他们的管腔表面上内膜增生;然而，新内膜形成的机理仍不清楚，特别是在的动脉和静脉的环境之间的新内膜形成的差异的比较。我们以前表明，心包修补吸引在动脉和静脉的环境和静脉血管补片既祖细胞显示多ggressive内膜形成相比于动脉斑块7,8如。 在这项研究中，我们描述心包补片成形术是共同的闭既静脉和动脉和大鼠模型可用于研究新内膜形成;这种方法是在人类患者中常用的手术技术的小动物模型。大鼠模型比小鼠模型直径较大，有利于手术的技术方面和改进模型的学习曲线。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Bovine pericardial patch</td><td>LeMaitre Vascular</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vascular clamp</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.</td><td>RS-5424</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Clamp applying forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td><td>RS-5410</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10-0 Prolene suture</td><td>Arosurgical Co.</td><td>T05A10N10-13</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

patch angioplasty in the rat aorta or inferior vena cava

心包修补血管外科常用来缝合血管。为了方便，关于贴片形成新内膜增生的研究中，我们开发了可在任一静脉或动脉中使用血管补片的大鼠模型，创建一个补丁venoplasty或贴剂成形术，分别。这个模型的技术问题进行了讨论。的红外肾IVC或主动脉解剖，然后夹紧近端和远端。 3毫米venotomy或动脉切开术是在6下腹下腔静脉或主动脉至8周龄Wistar大鼠进行。然后，牛心包补片（3 x 1.5毫米×0.6 mm）需使用用10-0尼龙缝合关闭网站。相比动脉斑块，静脉贴剂显示在术后7天增加内膜厚度这种新颖的心包修补血管成形术的模型可用于研究对血管的生物材料内膜增生，以及对动脉和静脉之间的差别比较环境。

修补成形术之后，出现了无论是在静脉（42例）或动脉（N = 24）的补丁组无血栓形成。生存在第7天，两组与任一静脉或动脉补丁率为100％。 补丁收获第7天，并用苏木精和曙红染色，并如先前所述7进行比较的新内膜厚度。因为贴片和内膜之间的不同形态差异的，这是很容易区别的新内膜。在静脉补丁，有厚的新内膜上?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava at JoVE.com

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

血管补片在大鼠主动脉和下腔静脉

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

patch-angioplasty-in-the-rat-aorta-or-inferior-vena-cava

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.5K 次观看.  Yale University. We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

视频: Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP).
The commonly used animal model for cardiovascular chronic rejection studies is the heterotopic heart transplant model performed in laboratory rodents. This model is used widely in experiments since Ono and Lindsey (3) published their technique. To analyze the findings in the blood vessels, the heart has to be sectioned and all vessels have to be measured.
Another method to investigate chronic rejection in cardiovascular questionings is the aortic transplant model (1, 2). In the orthotopic aortic transplant model, the aorta can easily be histologically evaluated (2). The PVG-to-ACI model is especially useful for CAV studies, since acute vascular rejection is not a major confounding factor and Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment does not prevent the development of CAV, similar to what we find in the clinical setting (4). A7-day period of CsA is required in this model to prevent acute rejection and to achieve long-term survival with the development of TVP.
This model can also be used to investigate acute cellular rejection and media necrosis in xenogeneic models (5).

This video demonstrates the orthotopic aortic transplant model as a simple model to study the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP) in rats.

主动脉原位移植大鼠模型，研究慢性血管病变的发展

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

科研

医学

Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Rat Lung

The adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that responds to a need for enhanced lung perfusion and shows robust neovascularization. Pulmonary vascular ischemia induced by pulmonary artery obstruction has been shown to result in rapid systemic arterial angiogenesis in man as well as in several animal models. Although the histologic assessment of the time course of bronchial artery proliferation in rats was carefully described by Weibel 1, mechanisms responsible for this organized growth of new vessels are not clear. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia in the rat that leads to bronchial neovascularization. Quantification of the extent of angiogenesis presents an additional challenge due to the presence of the two vascular beds within the lung. Methods to determine functional angiogenesis based on labeled microsphere injections are provided.

The lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that shows robust neovascularization. Cessation of pulmonary blood flow promotes brisk bronchial angiogenesis. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia that promotes bronchial neovascularization.

在缺血大鼠肺的血管生成

The  adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire  venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung ...

A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathophysiology. There is no abdominal aortic aneurysm endograft exclusion model cheap and reproducible, which would allow deep investigations of AAA before and after treatment. We hereby describe how to induce, and then to exclude with a covered coronary stentgraft an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat. The well known elastase induced AAA model was first reported in 19901 in a rat, then described in mice2. Elastin degradation leads to dilation of the aorta with inflammatory infiltration of the abdominal wall and intra luminal thrombus, matching with human AAA. Endovascular exclusion with small covered stentgraft is then performed, excluding any interactions between circulating blood and the aneurysm thrombus. Appropriate exclusion and stentgraft patency is confirmed before euthanasia by an angiography thought the left carotid artery. Partial control of elastase diffusion makes aneurysm shape different for each animal. It is difficult to create an aneurysm, which will allow an appropriate length of aorta below the aneurysm for an easy stentgraft introduction, and with adequate proximal and distal neck to prevent endoleaks. Lots of failure can result to stentgraft introduction which sometimes lead to aorta tear with pain and troubles to stitch it, and endothelial damage with post op aorta thrombosis. Giving aspirin to rats before stentgraft implantation decreases failure rate without major hemorrhage. Clamping time activates neutrophils, endothelium and platelets, and may interfere with biological analysis.

Histological and biochemical modifications after aneurysm endograft exclusion are still unclear. We describe a new model of endograft implantation on a murine aneurysm. Through thrombus analysis with and without persistant circulating blood stream interface, and new endovascular biomaterials evaluation, this model will help to better understand endovascular aneurysm exclusion pathobiology.

一种新的小鼠模型主动脉瘤腔内修复

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of ...

Imaging In-Stent Restenosis: An Inexpensive, Reliable, and Rapid Preclinical Model

Preclinical models of restenosis are essential to unravel the pathophysiological processes that lead to in-stent restenosis and to optimize existing and future drug-eluting stents.
A variety of antibodies and transgenic and knockout strains are available in rats. Consequently, a model for in-stent restenosis in the rat would be convenient for pathobiological and pathophysiological studies. 
In this video, we present the full procedure and pit-falls of a rat stent model suitable for high throughput stent research. We will show the surgical procedure of stent deployment, and the assessment of in-stent restenosis using the most elegant technique of OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). This technique provides high accuracy in assessing plaque CSAs (cross section areas) and correlates well with histological sections, which require special and time consuming embedding and sectioning techniques. OCT imaging further allows longitudinal monitoring of the development of in-stent restenosis within the same animal compared to one-time snapshots using histology.

This video demonstrates how to use a preclinical inexpensive and reliable model to study pathobiological and pathophysiological processes of in-stent restenosis development. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring using OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and analysis of OCT images are also demonstrated.

支架内再狭窄的影像：一种廉价的，可靠，快速的临床前模型

Preclinical models of restenosis are essential to unravel the pathophysiological processes that lead to in-stent restenosis and to optimize existing and ...

生物学

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation, neointima formation and vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are the most frequently employed animals for this model. Female rats are not preferred as female hormones are protective against vascular diseases and thus introduce a variation into this procedure. The left carotid is typically injured with the right carotid serving as a negative control. Left carotid injury is caused by the inflated balloon that denudes the endothelium and distends the vessel wall. Following injury, potential therapeutic strategies such as the use of pharmacological compounds and either gene or shRNA transfer can be evaluated. Typically for gene or shRNA transfer, the injured section of the vessel lumen is locally transduced for 30 min with viral particles encoding either a protein or shRNA for delivery and expression in the injured vessel wall. Neointimal thickening representing proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells usually peaks at 2 weeks after injury. Vessels are mostly harvested at this time point for cellular and molecular analysis of cell signaling pathways as well as gene and protein expression. Vessels can also be harvested at earlier time points to determine the onset of expression and/or activation of a specific protein or pathway, depending on the experimental aims intended. Vessels can be characterized and evaluated using histological staining, immunohistochemistry, protein/mRNA assays, and activity assays. The intact right carotid artery from the same animal is an ideal internal control. Injury-induced changes in molecular and cellular parameters can be evaluated by comparing the injured artery to the internal right control artery. Likewise, therapeutic modalities can be evaluated by comparing the injured and treated artery to the control injured only artery.

This protocol uses a balloon catheter to cause an intraluminal injury on the rat carotid artery and henceforth elicit neointimal hyperplasia. This is a well-established model for studying the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to injury. It is also widely used to determine the validity of potential therapeutic approaches.

血管球囊损伤和腔内管理在大鼠颈动脉

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型试验抗血管重建治疗

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Shunt Surgery, Right Heart Catheterization, and Vascular Morphometry in a Rat Model for Flow-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

In this protocol, PAH is induced by combining a 60 mg/kg monocrotalin (MCT) injection with increased pulmonary blood flow through an aorto-caval shunt (MCT+Flow). The shunt is created by inserting an 18-G needle from the abdominal aorta into the adjacent caval vein. Increased pulmonary flow has been demonstrated as an essential trigger for a severe form of PAH with distinct phases of disease progression, characterized by early medial hypertrophy followed by neointimal lesions and the progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary vessels. To measure the right heart and pulmonary hemodynamics in this model, right heart catheterization is performed by inserting a rigid cannula containing a flexible ball-tip catheter via the right jugular vein into the right ventricle. The catheter is then advanced into the main and the more distal pulmonary arteries. The histopathology of the pulmonary vasculature is assessed qualitatively, by scoring the pre- and intra-acinar vessels on the degree of muscularization and the presence of a neointima, and quantitatively, by measuring the wall thickness, the wall-lumen ratios, and the occlusion score.

This protocol describes a surgical procedure to create a model for flow-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats and the procedures to analyze the principle hemodynamic and histological end-points in this model.

分流手术，右心导管，血管形态计量学在大鼠模型中的流量引起的肺动脉高压

In this protocol, PAH is induced by combining a 60 mg/kg monocrotalin (MCT) injection with increased pulmonary blood flow through an aorto-caval shunt ...

Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique

The steady progess in the armamentarium of techniques available for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires affordable and reproducable experimental animal models to test novel embolization materials such as stents and flow diverters. The aim of the present project was to design a safe, fast, and standardized surgical technique for stent assisted embolization of saccular aneurysms in a rat animal model.
Saccular aneurysms were created from an arterial graft from the descending aorta.The aneurysms were microsurgically transplanted through end-to-side anastomosis to the infrarenal abdominal aorta of a syngenic male Wistar rat weighing &#62;500 g. Following aneurysm anastomosis, aneurysm embolization was performed using balloon expandable magnesium stents (2.5 mm x 6 mm). The stent system was retrograde introduced from the lower abdominal aorta using a modified Seldinger technique.
Following a pilot series of 6 animals, a total of 67 rats were operated according to established standard operating procedures. Mean surgery time, mean anastomosis time, and mean suturing time of the artery puncture site were 167 &#177; 22 min, 26 &#177; 6 min and 11 &#177; 5 min, respectively. The mortality rate was 6% (n=4). The morbidity rate was 7.5% (n=5), and in-stent thrombosis was found in 4 cases (n=2 early, n=2 late in stent thrombosis).
The results demonstrate the feasibility of standardized stent occlusion of saccular sidewall aneurysms in rats - with low rates of morbidity and mortality. This stent embolization procedure combines the opportunity to study novel concepts of stent or flow diverter based devices as well as the molecular aspects of healing.

Reproducable experimental animal models are needed for the testing of novel embolization materials, which have been designed to treat endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms (IA). The present study aims to develop a safe and standardized surgical technique for stent assisted embolization of saccular aneurysms in a rat animal model.

生物可降解镁支架治疗大鼠囊动脉瘤的实验研究--手术技术介绍

The steady progess in the armamentarium of techniques available for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires affordable and reproducable ...

神经科学

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation.
The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the aorta induce chronic hypoxia due to hypoperfusion of the adventitial vasa vasorum. This article describes a novel animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with characteristics similar to those of AAA in humans.

阻断外瓦萨血管灌注对腹主动脉瘤鼠模型的建立

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic ...

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the luminal surface area in arteries thereby reducing adequate blood flow to organs and distal tissues. Clinically, revascularization procedures such as balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement aim to restore blood flow. Although these procedures reestablish blood flow by reducing plaque burden, they damage the vessel wall, which initiates the arterial healing response. The prolonged healing response causes arterial restenosis, or re-narrowing, ultimately limiting the long-term success of these revascularization procedures. Therefore, preclinical animal models are integral for analyzing the pathophysiological mechanisms driving restenosis, and provide the opportunity to test novel therapeutic strategies. Murine models are cheaper and easier to operate on than large animal models. Balloon or wire injury are the two commonly accepted injury modalities used in murine models. Balloon injury models in particular mimic the clinical angioplasty procedure and cause adequate damage to the artery for the development of restenosis. Herein we describe the surgical details for performing and histologically analyzing the modified, pressure-controlled rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Additionally, this protocol highlights how local periadventitial application of therapeutics can be used to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Lastly, we present light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a novel approach for imaging and visualizing the arterial injury in three-dimensions.

The rat carotid artery balloon injury mimics the clinical angioplasty procedure performed to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. This model induces the arterial injury response by distending the arterial wall, and denuding the intimal layer of endothelial cells, ultimately causing remodeling and an intimal hyperplastic response.

大鼠胡萝卜动脉压力控制段气球损伤与腹腔ventit 治疗应用

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the ...