The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Government of Canada's interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development, PERD 113, Petroleum Conversion for Cleaner Air. N.E.H would like to acknowledge her Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Visiting Fellowship.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

H 2 Sの最適な測定を達成するために、この方法は、学部長スイッチ、バックフラッシュおよび硫黄化学発光検出器（SCD）を用います。ジメチルポリシロキサンカラムは、一次元GCカラムとして使用され、それらはPLOTカラムを汚染しないように、試料中に存在する重質炭化水素の移動を遅延させる働きをします。この効果は、クール（50°C）最初の分離によって強化されます。ライトガ...

健康と安全規制と経済は油の品質の関数であるとして、原油の正確な分析は、石油・ガス産業のために不可欠です。粗製のサンプルの輸送を保護するためには、放出または漏出の場合に実施される安全規則を開発するために、粗サンプルの特性を決定する必要があります。具体的には、硫化水素の定量化（H 2 S）が原因で、気相中でその高い毒性のために、重要です。 100 ppmのような低いエクスポージャーは致命的なことができ（http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7783064.html）1,2。粗製サンプル中の溶解H 2 Sは、一般的に3,4腐食性であると考えられ、そして油5-7を治療するために用いられる触媒を不活性化することができます。原油からのH 2 Sの除去は、ストリーム理想的であるが、溶解したH 2 Sを測定する方法がなければ、除去処置の成功を評価することは困難です。これらの理由のため、このプロトコルはdissoを測定するために開発されましたこのようなカナダのオイルサンド原油などの重質原油試料中のH 2 SをLVED。 標準的な方法の数は軽い石油又は燃料ベースのサンプル中のH 2 Sの定量化のために存在するが、どれも一般的に、カナダのオイルサンドから抽出された重い原油を使用するために検証されていません。 H 2 Sおよびメルカプタンユニバーサル石油製品（UOP）メソッド163 8によって滴定技術を用いて決定されるが、この方法は、滴定曲線の手動読み取りから得られるユーザ解釈バイアスを被ります。石油（IP）法570の研究所は、燃料油試料9と、シンプルさと携帯性から利益を加熱する専門のH 2 S・アナライザを使用していますが、重いサンプル10と正確さを欠いています。米国材料試験協会（ASTM）方法D5623は、軽油の液体中でのH 2 Sを測定するための極低温冷却および硫黄選択的検出をガスクロマトグラフィー（GC）を使用しています11,12。この規格は、したがって、それは、本明細書で論じるプロトコルの基礎として使用され、周囲の分離を使用するように向上させることができ、また、重い原油に適用します。 GCは、石油試料の分析のために頻繁に使用される技術です。サンプルは、熱い入口で気化され、そして分離は、気相で起こります。それは簡単に入口での加熱時に液体試料から放出されるようなガス相分離は、H 2 Sの分析のためのGC最適です。 GC法が作成され、使用される温度プログラムに応じて、異なるサンプルに合わせて調整、列が実装され、多次元クロマトグラフィー13-15を使用することができます。 GCを用いて、H 2 Sを測定するための最近の発展の数がありました。ルオンら多次元GCおよびディーンズスイッチングを使用して、光と中間留分中のH 2 Sと他の光硫黄化合物の測定値を示したが、この方法ではない持っていますまだ重い原油16に適用され。ディ三蔵らはまた、GCを用いて、ガソリン中のH 2 Sを定量化し、しかし、それはまた、重い原油に使用され、サブ周囲冷却17を必要とされていません。ここで紹介する方法は、10分（ルオン）と40分（ディ三蔵）に比べて、5分の完了分析時間で、これらの従来の方法より節約かなりの時間を示しています。残念ながら、精度を比較するために私たちの研究室でこれらのメソッドの実装が原因で機器や時間の制約することはできませんでした。 多次元GCは、ユーザーが2つの列の選択ではなく、単一の列を利用することができます。従来のGCでは、分離は、1列で発生します。多次元GCの場合には、試料を分離し、選択性を向上させる、二つの異なるカラムで分離されています。学部長のスイッチは、二次元の列構成を採用するために使用される一つの装置です。スイッチは悲惨に外部バルブを使用しています2出口ポート18〜20のいずれかにスイッチ上の入口からCTガス流。最初のカラムからの流出物は、いずれかの方向に向けることができます。この場合、光硫黄ガスは、多孔質層開管の最初の分離から「ハートカット」21 Hの分離に優れていることが示されている二次分離のために（PLOT）カラムである他の光硫黄ガスから2 S （http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/gaspro.pdf）22-24。硫黄化学発光検出器は、硫黄化合物の選択性を提供し、心臓カット中PLOTカラムに転送されていてもよい任意の他の軽質ガスからの干渉の可能性を排除し、検出のために使用されます。原油サンプルからの炭化水素は、第一次元カラムに保持され、バックフラッシュ手順の間に削除されます。これは、任意の汚染25-27からPLOTカラムを保護します。このアプローチは、正常肛門のために実装されています変圧器油28における酸化防止剤のysis。 本明細書において、二次元GC法は、重質原油サンプル中の溶解H 2 Sの分析および定量化のために使用されます。この方法は、H 2 S濃度の広い範囲にわたって適用可能であることが示され、また、気相サンプル中のH 2 Sを測定することができます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Deans switch</td><td>Agilent</td><td>G2855A</td><td>Or equivalent flow switching device</td></tr><tr><td>Restrictor tubing&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Agilent</td><td>160-2615-10</td><td>Fused silica, deactivated, 180 &amp;micro;m</td></tr><tr><td>HP-PONA column</td><td>Agilent</td><td>19091S-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GasPro column</td><td>Agilent</td><td>113-4332</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfur chemiluminescence detector, 355</td><td>Agilent/Sievers</td><td>G6603A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S calibration standard, in He</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td>Custom order</td><td>211 ppm H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S</td></tr><tr><td>CS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>C184-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Toluene, HPLC grade</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>T290-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gas bag, 2 L</td><td>Calibrated Instruments, Inc.</td><td>GSB-P/2</td><td>Twist on/off nozzle</td></tr><tr><td>250 &amp;micro;l gas tight syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>81130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>500 ml amber glass bottle</td><td>Scientific Specialties</td><td>N73616</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Open top screw caps</td><td>Scientific Specialties</td><td>169628</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tegrabond disc for screw caps</td><td>Chromatographic Specialties</td><td>C889125C</td><td>25 mm, 10/90 MIL</td></tr><tr><td>1 ml gas tight syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>81330</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.5% H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S in He gas standard</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td>Custom order</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

measurement of h2s in crude oil and crude oil headspace using multidimensional gas chromatography, deans switching and sulfur-selective detection

原油サンプル中の溶存硫化水素の分析のための方法は、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて実証されます。効果的に干渉を除去するために、二次元の列の構成は、第二列（ハートカット）に最初から硫化水素を移送するために用いられるのDeansスイッチで、使用されます。液体の粗サンプルは、最初のジメチルポリシロキサンカラムで分離され、軽いガスは、ハートカット、さらに他の光硫黄種から硫化水素を分離することができる結合した多孔質層オープンチューブラー（PLOT）カラムで分離されています。硫化水素は、次いで、選択の追加の層を追加すること、硫黄化学発光検出器で検出されます。硫化水素の分離および検出に続いて、システムは、粗試料中に存在する高沸点炭化水素を除去し、クロマトグラフィーの完全性を維持するためにバックフラッシュされます。溶存硫化水素は、1.1から500 Pに液体試料中の定量化されています午後には、サンプルの範囲に幅広い適用性を実証します。この方法はまた、正常0.7 9,700 ppmでの硫化水素の測定と、原油のヘッドスペースとプロセスガスバッグからガスサンプルの分析に適用されています。

液体と気体の両方のサンプルについてのH 2 Sの信頼性のある定量化を得るために、適切なキャリブレーションが必要です。キャリブレーションの注射とサンプル注入のために、H 2 Sのピークは、隣接するピークと重複するべきではなく、再現性のピーク面積を持っている必要があります。 図3ガスは、この方法はあまりにも集中している気体試料の注入を示してい?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection at JoVE.com

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

A multidimensional gas chromatography method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in liquid crude oil samples is presented. A Deans switch is used to heart-cut light sulfur gases for separation on a secondary column and detection on a sulfur chemiluminescence detector.

Hの測定<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;原油や多次元ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて原油ヘッドスペース中のSは、学部長は、スイッチングおよび硫黄選択的検出

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

measurement-h2s-crude-oil-crude-oil-headspace-using-multidimensional

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

19.1K ビュー.  Natural Resources Canada. A multidimensional gas chromatography method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in liquid crude oil samples is presented. A Deans switch is used to heart-cut light sulfur gases for separation on a secondary column and detection on a sulfur chemiluminescence detector. 

ビデオ: Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

The direct liquid deposition of solution standards onto sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes is used for the quantitative analysis of trace explosive vapor samples. The direct liquid deposition method yields a higher fidelity between the analysis of vapor samples and the analysis of solution standards than using separate injection methods for vapors and solutions, i.e., samples collected on vapor collection tubes and standards prepared in solution vials. Additionally, the method can account for instrumentation losses, which makes it ideal for minimizing variability and quantitative trace chemical detection. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector is an instrumentation configuration sensitive to nitro-energetics, such as TNT and RDX, due to their relatively high electron affinity. However, vapor quantitation of these compounds is difficult without viable vapor standards. Thus, we eliminate the requirement for vapor standards by combining the sensitivity of the instrumentation with a direct liquid deposition protocol to analyze trace explosive vapor samples.

Trace explosive vapors of TNT and RDX collected on sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes were analyzed using a programmed temperature desorption system coupled to GC with an electron capture detector. The instrumental analysis is combined with direct liquid deposition method to reduce sample variability and account for instrumentation drift and losses.

プログラムされた温度脱着ガスクロマトグラフィー - 電子捕獲型検出器による微量爆発性気体の定量的検出

The direct liquid deposition of solution standards onto sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes is used for the quantitative analysis of trace explosive ...

化学

Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS

Multiple chemical processes control how crude oil is incorporated into seawater and also the chemical reactions that occur overtime. Studying this system requires the careful preparation of the sample in order to accurately replicate the natural formation of the water-accommodated fraction that occurs in nature. Low-energy water-accommodated fractions (LEWAF) are carefully prepared by mixing crude oil and water at a set ratio. Aspirator bottles are then irradiated, and at set time points, the water is sampled and extracted using standard techniques. A second challenge is the representative characterization of the sample, which must take into consideration the chemical changes that occur over time. A targeted analysis of the aromatic fraction of the LEWAF can be performed using an atmospheric-pressure laser ionization source coupled to a custom-built trapped ion mobility spectrometry&#8211;Fourier transform&#8211;ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (TIMS-FT-ICR MS). The TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provides high-resolution ion mobility and ultrahigh-resolution MS analysis, which further allow the identification of isomeric components by their collision cross-sections (CCS) and chemical formula. Results show that as the oil-water mixture is exposed to light, there is significant photo-solubilization of the surface oil into the water. Over time, the chemical transformation of the solubilized molecules takes place, with a decrease in the number of identifications of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing species in favor of those with a greater oxygen content than were typically observed in the base oil.

The low-energy water-accommodated fraction (LEWAF) of crude oil is a challenging system to analyze, because over time, this complex mixture undergoes chemical transformations. This protocol illustrates methods for the preparation of the LEWAF sample and for performing photo-irradiation and chemical analysis by trapped ion mobility spectrometry&#8211;FT-ICR MS.

原油の水を収容する画分の化学分析は、TIMS-FT-ICR MSを用いて流出します

Multiple chemical processes control how crude oil is incorporated into seawater and also the chemical reactions that occur overtime. Studying this system ...

環境学

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The composition of heavy crude oils and shale oils varies substantially depending on the origin of the mixture. In particular they contain an increased amount of nitrogen containing compounds compared to the conventionally used sweet crude oils. As nitrogen compounds have an influence on the operation of thermal processes occurring in coker units and steam crackers, and as some species are considered as environmentally hazardous, a detailed analysis of the reactions involving nitrogen containing compounds under pyrolysis conditions provides valuable information. Therefore a novel method has been developed and validated with a feedstock containing a high nitrogen content, i.e., a shale oil. First, the feed was characterized offline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC &#215; GC) coupled with a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD). In a second step the on-line analysis method was developed and tested on a steam cracking pilot plant by feeding pyridine dissolved in heptane. The former being a representative compound for one of the most abundant classes of compounds present in shale oil. The composition of the reactor effluent was determined via an in-house developed automated sampling system followed by immediate injection of the sample on a GC &#215; GC coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), flame ionization detector (FID) and NCD. A novel method for quantitative analysis of nitrogen containing compounds using NCD and 2-chloropyridine as an internal standard has been developed and demonstrated.

A method combining comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with nitrogen chemiluminescence detection has been developed and applied to on-line analysis of nitrogen containing compounds in a complex hydrocarbon matrix.

オンライン複雑な炭化水素マトリックス中の窒素含有化合物の分析

The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The ...

Rapid Collection of Floral Fragrance Volatiles using a Headspace Volatile Collection Technique for GC-MS Thermal Desorption Sampling

Fragrances of many flower families have been sampled and the volatiles analyzed. Knowing the compounds that make up the fragrances can be an important step to conservation of flowers that are threatened or endangered. Because floral fragrance is critical for attracting pollinators, this method could be used to better understand or even enhance pollination. We present a protocol using a portable charcoal air filter and vacuum to collect floral fragrance volatiles, which are then analyzed by a GC-MS. By using this method, fragrance volatiles can be sampled using a non-destructive method with a machine that is easily transported. This methodology uses a rapid sampling procedure, cutting sampling time down from 2-3 hours to approximately 10 minutes. Using GC-MS, the fragrance compounds can be identified individually, based on authentic standards. The steps used for collecting fragrance and control data are presented, from material setup to collecting the data output.

Here, we present a protocol for collecting the floral fragrance volatiles from blooming flowers, using a non-destructive sampling procedure.

GC-MS熱脱着サンプリングのためのヘッドスペース揮発性収集技術を用いたフローラルフレグランス揮発性物質の迅速な収集

Fragrances of many flower families have been sampled and the volatiles analyzed. Knowing the compounds that make up the fragrances can be an important ...

生化学

A Practical and Low-Cost Setup to Measure Methane in Aqueous Samples

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer

Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and pools in ecosystems are becoming increasingly common in ecological studies due to their relevance to climate change. With it, the need for analytical platforms adaptable to measuring different pools and fluxes within research groups also grows. This study aims to develop a procedure to use portable optical spectroscopy-based gas analyzers, originally designed and marketed for gas flux measurements, to measure GHG concentrations in aqueous samples. The protocol involves the traditional headspace equilibration technique followed by the injection of a headspace gas subsample into a chamber connected through a closed loop to the inlet and outlet ports of the gas analyzer. The chamber is fabricated from a generic mason jar and simple laboratory supplies, and it is an ideal solution for samples that may require pre-injection dilution. Methane concentrations measured with the chamber are tightly correlated (r2 &#62; 0.98) with concentrations determined separately through gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) on subsamples from the same vials. The procedure is particularly relevant for field studies in remote areas where chromatography equipment and supplies are not readily available, offering a practical, cheaper, and more efficient solution for measuring methane and other dissolved greenhouse gas concentrations in aquatic systems.

This study demonstrates an approach to measure methane gas concentrations in aqueous samples using portable optical analyzers coupled to an injection chamber in a closed loop. The results are similar to conventional gas chromatography, presenting a practical and low-cost alternative particularly suitable for remote field studies.

Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and pools in ecosystems are becoming increasingly common in ecological studies due to their relevance to climate ...

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Developing photocatalytic H2 production devices is the one of the key steps for constructing a global H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. A number of photoactive assemblies have emerged where a photosensitizer and cobaloxime-based H2 production catalysts work in tandem to convert light energy into the H-H chemical bonds. However, the long-term instability of these assemblies and the need for hazardous proton sources have limited their usage. Here, in this work, we have integrated a stilbene-based organic dye into the periphery of a cobaloxime core via a distinct axial pyridine linkage. This strategy allowed us to develop a photosensitizer-catalyst hybrid structure with the same molecular framework. In this article, we have explained the detailed procedure of the synthesis of this hybrid molecule in addition to its comprehensive chemical characterization. The structural and optical studies have exhibited an intense electronic interaction between the cobaloxime core and the organic photosensitizer. The cobaloxime was active for H2 production even in the presence of water as the proton source. Here, we have developed a simple airtight system connected with an online H2 detector for the investigation of the photocatalytic activity by this hybrid complex. This photosensitizer-catalyst dyad present in the experimental setup continuously produced H2 once it was exposed in the natural sunlight. This photocatalytic H2 production by the hybrid complex was observed in aqueous/organic mixture media in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor under complete aerobic conditions. Thus, this photocatalysis measurement system along with the photosensitizer-catalyst dyad provide valuable insight for the development of next generation photocatalytic H2 production devices.

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

We have directly incorporated a stilbene-based organic dye into a cobaloxime core to generate a photosensitizer-catalyst dyad for photocatalytic H2 production. We have also developed a simple experimental setup for evaluating the light-driven H2 production by photocatalytic assemblies.

水性好気性条件下での太陽駆動H2生産用光感センシタイザー・コバロキシムハイブリッドの開発

Developing photocatalytic H2 production devices is the one of the key steps for constructing a global H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. A number ...

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in complex mixtures. It is often used to analyze gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, bio-diesel and the organic fraction of bio-crude/bio-oil. In most of those analyses, the first dimension of separation is non-polar, followed by a polar separation. The aqueous fractions of bio-crude and other aqueous samples from biofuels production have been examined with similar column combinations. However, sample preparation techniques such as derivatization, solvent extraction, and solid-phase extraction were necessary prior to analysis. In this study, aqueous fractions obtained from the hydrothermal liquefaction of algae were characterized by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry without prior sample preparation techniques using a polar separation in the first dimension followed by a non-polar separation in the second. Two-dimensional plots from this analysis were compared with those obtained from the more traditional column configuration. Results from qualitative characterization of the aqueous fractions of algal bio-crude are discussed in detail. The advantages of using a polar separation followed by a non-polar separation for characterization of organics in aqueous samples by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry are highlighted.

A two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method is described for characterization of the aqueous fraction of bio-crude produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This protocol can also be employed to analyze the aqueous fraction of liquid products from fast pyrolysis, catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalytic deoxygenation and hydro-treating.

飛行時間型質量分析法と2Dガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて藻類の水熱液化からの水性画分の質的特性評価

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in ...

生物工学

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Certain nitrogen-containing compounds can contribute to fuel instability during storage. Hence, detection and characterization of these compounds is crucial. There are significant challenges to overcome when measuring trace compounds in a complex matrix such as fuels. Background interferences and matrix effects can create limitations to routine analytical instrumentation, such as GC-MS. In order to facilitate specific and quantitative measurements of trace nitrogen compounds in fuels, a nitrogen-specific detector is ideal. In this method, a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD) is used to detect nitrogen compounds in fuels. NCD utilizes a nitrogen-specific reaction that does not involve the hydrocarbon background. Two-dimensional (GCxGC) gas chromatography is a powerful characterization technique as it provides superior separation capabilities to one-dimensional gas chromatography methods. When GCxGC is paired with a NCD, the problematic nitrogen compounds found in fuels can be extensively characterized without background interference. The method presented in this manuscript details the process for measuring different nitrogen-containing compound classes in fuels with little sample preparation. Overall, this GCxGC-NCD method has been shown to be a valuable tool to enhance the understanding of the chemical composition of nitrogen-containing compounds in fuels and their impact on fuel stability. The % RSD for this method is &#60;5% for intraday and &#60;10% for interday analyses; the LOD is 1.7 ppm and the LOQ is 5.5 ppm.

Here, we present a method utilizing two-dimensional gas chromatography and nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GCxGC-NCD) to extensively characterize the different classes of nitrogen-containing compounds in diesel and jet fuels.

多次元ガスクロマトグラフィーによる燃料中の窒素化合物の特性解析

Certain nitrogen-containing compounds can contribute to fuel instability during storage. Hence, detection and characterization of these compounds is ...

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Data processing and evaluation are critical steps of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC), particularly when coupled to mass spectrometry. The rich information encrypted in the data may be highly valuable but difficult to access efficiently. Data density and complexity can lead to long elaboration times and require laborious, analyst-dependent procedures. Effective yet accessible data processing tools, therefore, are key to enabling the spread and acceptance of this advanced multidimensional technique in laboratories for daily use. The data analysis protocol presented in this work uses chromatographic fingerprinting and template matching to achieve the goal of highly automated deconstruction of complex two-dimensional chromatograms into individual chemical features for advanced recognition of informative patterns within individual chromatograms and across sets of chromatograms. The protocol delivers high consistency and reliability with little intervention. At the same time, analyst supervision is possible in a variety of settings and constraint functions that can be customized to provide flexibility and capacity to adapt to different needs and goals. Template matching is shown here to be a powerful approach to explore extra-virgin olive oil volatilome. Cross-alignment of peaks is performed not only for known targets, but also for untargeted compounds, which significantly increases the characterization power for a wide range of applications. Examples are presented to evidence the performance for the classification and comparison of chromatographic patterns from sample sets analyzed under similar conditions.

This protocol presents an approach to fingerprint and explore multi-dimensional data collected by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Dedicated pattern recognition algorithms (template matching) are applied to explore the chemical information encrypted in the extra-virgin olive oil volatile fraction (i.e., volatilome).

包括的な二次元ガスクロマトグラフィーで収集したデータのテンプレートマッチングによるクロマトグラフィーフィンガープリント

Data processing and evaluation are critical steps of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC), particularly when coupled to mass ...

ヘッドスペースGC-MSによる動物由来医薬品のトリメチルアミン検出

An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Animal-derived medicines have distinctive characteristics and significant curative effects, but most of them have an obvious fishy odor, resulting in the poor compliance of clinical patients. Trimethylamine (TMA) is one of the key fishy odor components in animal-derived medicine. It is difficult to identify TMA accurately using the existing detection method due to the increased pressure in the headspace vial caused by the rapid acid-base reaction after the addition of lye, which causes TMA to escape from the headspace vial, stalling the research progress of the fishy odor of animal-derived medicine. In this study, we proposed a controlled detection method that introduced a paraffin layer as an isolation layer between acid and lye. The rate of TMA production could be effectively controlled by slowly liquefying the paraffin layer through thermostatic furnace heating. This method showed satisfactory linearity, precision experiments, and recoveries with good reproducibility and high sensitivity. It provided technical support for the deodorization of animal-derived medicine.

著者スポットライト:ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィー-タンデム四重極質量分析による動物由来医療におけるトリメチルアミン検出の改良技術  

Here, a headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS/MS) method suitable for the determination of trimethylamine (TMA) in animal-derived medicines is described. The protocol includes sample pretreatment, headspace treatment, analysis conditions, methodological validation, and the determination of TMA in animal-derived medicines.

ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィー-タンデム四重極質量分析法による動物由来医薬品におけるトリメチルアミン検出の改良技術

Animal-derived medicines have distinctive characteristics and significant curative effects, but most of them have an obvious fishy odor, resulting in the ...

Hの測定

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