Name: measurement of h2s in crude oil and crude oil headspace using multidimensional gas chromatography, deans switching and sulfur-selective detection
Uploaded: 2015-12-10T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 37 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Government of Canada's interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development, PERD 113, Petroleum Conversion for Cleaner Air. N.E.H would like to acknowledge her Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Visiting Fellowship.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

H 2 Sの最適な測定を達成するために、この方法は、学部長スイッチ、バックフラッシュおよび硫黄化学発光検出器（SCD）を用います。ジメチルポリシロキサンカラムは、一次元GCカラムとして使用され、それらはPLOTカラムを汚染しないように、試料中に存在する重質炭化水素の移動を遅延させる働きをします。この効果は、クール（50°C）最初の分離によって強化されます。ライトガ...

健康と安全規制と経済は油の品質の関数であるとして、原油の正確な分析は、石油・ガス産業のために不可欠です。粗製のサンプルの輸送を保護するためには、放出または漏出の場合に実施される安全規則を開発するために、粗サンプルの特性を決定する必要があります。具体的には、硫化水素の定量化（H 2 S）が原因で、気相中でその高い毒性のために、重要です。 100 ppmのような低いエクスポージャーは致命的なことができ（http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7783064.html）1,2。粗製サンプル中の溶解H 2 Sは、一般的に3,4腐食性であると考えられ、そして油5-7を治療するために用いられる触媒を不活性化することができます。原油からのH 2 Sの除去は、ストリーム理想的であるが、溶解したH 2 Sを測定する方法がなければ、除去処置の成功を評価することは困難です。これらの理由のため、このプロトコルはdissoを測定するために開発されましたこのようなカナダのオイルサンド原油などの重質原油試料中のH 2 SをLVED。 標準的な方法の数は軽い石油又は燃料ベースのサンプル中のH 2 Sの定量化のために存在するが、どれも一般的に、カナダのオイルサンドから抽出された重い原油を使用するために検証されていません。 H 2 Sおよびメルカプタンユニバーサル石油製品（UOP）メソッド163 8によって滴定技術を用いて決定されるが、この方法は、滴定曲線の手動読み取りから得られるユーザ解釈バイアスを被ります。石油（IP）法570の研究所は、燃料油試料9と、シンプルさと携帯性から利益を加熱する専門のH 2 S・アナライザを使用していますが、重いサンプル10と正確さを欠いています。米国材料試験協会（ASTM）方法D5623は、軽油の液体中でのH 2 Sを測定するための極低温冷却および硫黄選択的検出をガスクロマトグラフィー（GC）を使用しています11,12。この規格は、したがって、それは、本明細書で論じるプロトコルの基礎として使用され、周囲の分離を使用するように向上させることができ、また、重い原油に適用します。 GCは、石油試料の分析のために頻繁に使用される技術です。サンプルは、熱い入口で気化され、そして分離は、気相で起こります。それは簡単に入口での加熱時に液体試料から放出されるようなガス相分離は、H 2 Sの分析のためのGC最適です。 GC法が作成され、使用される温度プログラムに応じて、異なるサンプルに合わせて調整、列が実装され、多次元クロマトグラフィー13-15を使用することができます。 GCを用いて、H 2 Sを測定するための最近の発展の数がありました。ルオンら多次元GCおよびディーンズスイッチングを使用して、光と中間留分中のH 2 Sと他の光硫黄化合物の測定値を示したが、この方法ではない持っていますまだ重い原油16に適用され。ディ三蔵らはまた、GCを用いて、ガソリン中のH 2 Sを定量化し、しかし、それはまた、重い原油に使用され、サブ周囲冷却17を必要とされていません。ここで紹介する方法は、10分（ルオン）と40分（ディ三蔵）に比べて、5分の完了分析時間で、これらの従来の方法より節約かなりの時間を示しています。残念ながら、精度を比較するために私たちの研究室でこれらのメソッドの実装が原因で機器や時間の制約することはできませんでした。 多次元GCは、ユーザーが2つの列の選択ではなく、単一の列を利用することができます。従来のGCでは、分離は、1列で発生します。多次元GCの場合には、試料を分離し、選択性を向上させる、二つの異なるカラムで分離されています。学部長のスイッチは、二次元の列構成を採用するために使用される一つの装置です。スイッチは悲惨に外部バルブを使用しています2出口ポート18〜20のいずれかにスイッチ上の入口からCTガス流。最初のカラムからの流出物は、いずれかの方向に向けることができます。この場合、光硫黄ガスは、多孔質層開管の最初の分離から「ハートカット」21 Hの分離に優れていることが示されている二次分離のために（PLOT）カラムである他の光硫黄ガスから2 S （http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/gaspro.pdf）22-24。硫黄化学発光検出器は、硫黄化合物の選択性を提供し、心臓カット中PLOTカラムに転送されていてもよい任意の他の軽質ガスからの干渉の可能性を排除し、検出のために使用されます。原油サンプルからの炭化水素は、第一次元カラムに保持され、バックフラッシュ手順の間に削除されます。これは、任意の汚染25-27からPLOTカラムを保護します。このアプローチは、正常肛門のために実装されています変圧器油28における酸化防止剤のysis。 本明細書において、二次元GC法は、重質原油サンプル中の溶解H 2 Sの分析および定量化のために使用されます。この方法は、H 2 S濃度の広い範囲にわたって適用可能であることが示され、また、気相サンプル中のH 2 Sを測定することができます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Deans switch</td><td>Agilent</td><td>G2855A</td><td>Or equivalent flow switching device</td></tr><tr><td>Restrictor tubing&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Agilent</td><td>160-2615-10</td><td>Fused silica, deactivated, 180 &amp;micro;m</td></tr><tr><td>HP-PONA column</td><td>Agilent</td><td>19091S-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GasPro column</td><td>Agilent</td><td>113-4332</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfur chemiluminescence detector, 355</td><td>Agilent/Sievers</td><td>G6603A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S calibration standard, in He</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td>Custom order</td><td>211 ppm H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S</td></tr><tr><td>CS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>C184-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Toluene, HPLC grade</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>T290-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gas bag, 2 L</td><td>Calibrated Instruments, Inc.</td><td>GSB-P/2</td><td>Twist on/off nozzle</td></tr><tr><td>250 &amp;micro;l gas tight syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>81130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>500 ml amber glass bottle</td><td>Scientific Specialties</td><td>N73616</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Open top screw caps</td><td>Scientific Specialties</td><td>169628</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tegrabond disc for screw caps</td><td>Chromatographic Specialties</td><td>C889125C</td><td>25 mm, 10/90 MIL</td></tr><tr><td>1 ml gas tight syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>81330</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.5% H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S in He gas standard</td><td>Air Liquide</td><td>Custom order</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

measurement of h2s in crude oil and crude oil headspace using multidimensional gas chromatography, deans switching and sulfur-selective detection

原油サンプル中の溶存硫化水素の分析のための方法は、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて実証されます。効果的に干渉を除去するために、二次元の列の構成は、第二列（ハートカット）に最初から硫化水素を移送するために用いられるのDeansスイッチで、使用されます。液体の粗サンプルは、最初のジメチルポリシロキサンカラムで分離され、軽いガスは、ハートカット、さらに他の光硫黄種から硫化水素を分離することができる結合した多孔質層オープンチューブラー（PLOT）カラムで分離されています。硫化水素は、次いで、選択の追加の層を追加すること、硫黄化学発光検出器で検出されます。硫化水素の分離および検出に続いて、システムは、粗試料中に存在する高沸点炭化水素を除去し、クロマトグラフィーの完全性を維持するためにバックフラッシュされます。溶存硫化水素は、1.1から500 Pに液体試料中の定量化されています午後には、サンプルの範囲に幅広い適用性を実証します。この方法はまた、正常0.7 9,700 ppmでの硫化水素の測定と、原油のヘッドスペースとプロセスガスバッグからガスサンプルの分析に適用されています。

液体と気体の両方のサンプルについてのH 2 Sの信頼性のある定量化を得るために、適切なキャリブレーションが必要です。キャリブレーションの注射とサンプル注入のために、H 2 Sのピークは、隣接するピークと重複するべきではなく、再現性のピーク面積を持っている必要があります。 図3ガスは、この方法はあまりにも集中している気体試料の注入を示してい?...

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Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

A multidimensional gas chromatography method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in liquid crude oil samples is presented. A Deans switch is used to heart-cut light sulfur gases for separation on a secondary column and detection on a sulfur chemiluminescence detector.

Hの測定<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;原油や多次元ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて原油ヘッドスペース中のSは、学部長は、スイッチングおよび硫黄選択的検出

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

measurement-h2s-crude-oil-crude-oil-headspace-using-multidimensional

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

19.1K ビュー.  Natural Resources Canada. A multidimensional gas chromatography method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in liquid crude oil samples is presented. A Deans switch is used to heart-cut light sulfur gases for separation on a secondary column and detection on a sulfur chemiluminescence detector. 

ビデオ: Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

The direct liquid deposition of solution standards onto sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes is used for the quantitative analysis of trace explosive vapor samples. The direct liquid deposition method yields a higher fidelity between the analysis of vapor samples and the analysis of solution standards than using separate injection methods for vapors and solutions, i.e., samples collected on vapor collection tubes and standards prepared in solution vials. Additionally, the method can account for instrumentation losses, which makes it ideal for minimizing variability and quantitative trace chemical detection. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector is an instrumentation configuration sensitive to nitro-energetics, such as TNT and RDX, due to their relatively high electron affinity. However, vapor quantitation of these compounds is difficult without viable vapor standards. Thus, we eliminate the requirement for vapor standards by combining the sensitivity of the instrumentation with a direct liquid deposition protocol to analyze trace explosive vapor samples.

Trace explosive vapors of TNT and RDX collected on sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes were analyzed using a programmed temperature desorption system coupled to GC with an electron capture detector. The instrumental analysis is combined with direct liquid deposition method to reduce sample variability and account for instrumentation drift and losses.

プログラムされた温度脱着ガスクロマトグラフィー - 電子捕獲型検出器による微量爆発性気体の定量的検出

The direct liquid deposition of solution standards onto sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes is used for the quantitative analysis of trace explosive ...

化学

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Oxidoreductases belong to the most-applied industrial enzymes. Nevertheless, they need external electrons whose supply is often costly and challenging. Recycling of the electron donors NADH or NADPH requires the use of additional enzymes and sacrificial substrates. Interestingly, several oxidoreductases accept hydrogen peroxide as electron donor. While being inexpensive, this reagent often reduces the stability of enzymes. A solution to this problem is the in situ generation of the cofactor. The continuous supply of the cofactor at low concentration drives the reaction without impairing enzyme stability. This paper demonstrates a method for the light-catalyzed in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide with the example of the heme-dependent fatty acid decarboxylase OleTJE. The fatty acid decarboxylase OleTJE was discovered due to its unique ability to produce long-chain 1-alkenes from fatty acids, a hitherto unknown enzymatic reaction. 1-alkenes are widely used additives for plasticizers and lubricants. OleTJE has been shown to accept electrons from hydrogen peroxide for the oxidative decarboxylation. While addition of hydrogen peroxide damages the enzyme and results in low yields, in situ generation of the cofactor circumvents this problem. The photobiocatalytic system shows clear advantages regarding enzyme activity and yield, resulting in a simple and efficient system for fatty acid decarboxylation.

We describe a protocol for the light-catalyzed generation of hydrogen peroxide &#8212; a cofactor for oxidative transformations.

光駆動酵素的脱炭酸

Oxidoreductases belong to the most-applied industrial enzymes. Nevertheless, they need external electrons whose supply is often costly and challenging. ...

Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS

Multiple chemical processes control how crude oil is incorporated into seawater and also the chemical reactions that occur overtime. Studying this system requires the careful preparation of the sample in order to accurately replicate the natural formation of the water-accommodated fraction that occurs in nature. Low-energy water-accommodated fractions (LEWAF) are carefully prepared by mixing crude oil and water at a set ratio. Aspirator bottles are then irradiated, and at set time points, the water is sampled and extracted using standard techniques. A second challenge is the representative characterization of the sample, which must take into consideration the chemical changes that occur over time. A targeted analysis of the aromatic fraction of the LEWAF can be performed using an atmospheric-pressure laser ionization source coupled to a custom-built trapped ion mobility spectrometry&#8211;Fourier transform&#8211;ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (TIMS-FT-ICR MS). The TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provides high-resolution ion mobility and ultrahigh-resolution MS analysis, which further allow the identification of isomeric components by their collision cross-sections (CCS) and chemical formula. Results show that as the oil-water mixture is exposed to light, there is significant photo-solubilization of the surface oil into the water. Over time, the chemical transformation of the solubilized molecules takes place, with a decrease in the number of identifications of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing species in favor of those with a greater oxygen content than were typically observed in the base oil.

The low-energy water-accommodated fraction (LEWAF) of crude oil is a challenging system to analyze, because over time, this complex mixture undergoes chemical transformations. This protocol illustrates methods for the preparation of the LEWAF sample and for performing photo-irradiation and chemical analysis by trapped ion mobility spectrometry&#8211;FT-ICR MS.

原油の水を収容する画分の化学分析は、TIMS-FT-ICR MSを用いて流出します

Multiple chemical processes control how crude oil is incorporated into seawater and also the chemical reactions that occur overtime. Studying this system ...

環境学

Preparation of Authigenic Pyrite from Methane-bearing Sediments for In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis Using SIMS

Different sulfur isotope compositions of authigenic pyrite typically result from the sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SO4-AOM) and organiclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) in marine sediments. However, unravelling the complex pyritization sequence is a challenge because of the coexistence of different sequentially formed pyrite phases. This manuscript describes a sample preparation procedure that enables the use of secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) to obtain in situ &#948;34S values of various pyrite generations. This allows researchers to constrain how SO4-AOM affects pyritization in methane-bearing sediments. SIMS analysis revealed an extreme range in &#948;34S values, spanning from -41.6 to +114.8&#8240;, which is much wider than the range of &#948;34S values obtained by the traditional bulk sulfur isotope analysis of the same samples. Pyrite in the shallow sediment mainly consists of 34S-depleted framboids, suggesting early diagenetic formation by OSR. Deeper in the sediment, more pyrite occurs as overgrowths and euhedral crystals, which display much higher SIMS &#948;34S values than the framboids. Such 34S-enriched pyrite is related to enhanced SO4-AOM at the sulfate-methane transition zone, postdating OSR. High-resolution in situ SIMS sulfur isotope analyses allow for the reconstruction of the pyritization processes, which cannot be resolved by bulk sulfur isotope analysis.

Preparation of Authigenic Pyrite from Methane-bearing Sediments for In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis Using SIMS

Analyses of the sulfur isotopic composition (&#948;34S) of pyrite from methane-bearing sediments have typically focused on bulk samples. Here, we applied secondary ion mass spectroscopy to analyze the &#948;34S values of various pyrite generations to understand the diagenetic history of pyritization.

シムズを用いた硫黄同位体分析における原位置メタン胚胎堆積物から自生黄鉄鉱の準備

Different sulfur isotope compositions of authigenic pyrite typically result from the sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SO4-AOM) and ...

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The composition of heavy crude oils and shale oils varies substantially depending on the origin of the mixture. In particular they contain an increased amount of nitrogen containing compounds compared to the conventionally used sweet crude oils. As nitrogen compounds have an influence on the operation of thermal processes occurring in coker units and steam crackers, and as some species are considered as environmentally hazardous, a detailed analysis of the reactions involving nitrogen containing compounds under pyrolysis conditions provides valuable information. Therefore a novel method has been developed and validated with a feedstock containing a high nitrogen content, i.e., a shale oil. First, the feed was characterized offline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC &#215; GC) coupled with a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD). In a second step the on-line analysis method was developed and tested on a steam cracking pilot plant by feeding pyridine dissolved in heptane. The former being a representative compound for one of the most abundant classes of compounds present in shale oil. The composition of the reactor effluent was determined via an in-house developed automated sampling system followed by immediate injection of the sample on a GC &#215; GC coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), flame ionization detector (FID) and NCD. A novel method for quantitative analysis of nitrogen containing compounds using NCD and 2-chloropyridine as an internal standard has been developed and demonstrated.

A method combining comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with nitrogen chemiluminescence detection has been developed and applied to on-line analysis of nitrogen containing compounds in a complex hydrocarbon matrix.

オンライン複雑な炭化水素マトリックス中の窒素含有化合物の分析

The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The ...

Seawater Sampling and Collection

This video documents methods for collecting coastal marine water samples and processing them for various downstream applications including biomass concentration, nucleic acid purification, cell abundance, nutrient and trace gas analyses. For today's demonstration samples were collected from the deck of the HMS John Strickland operating in Saanich Inlet. An A-frame derrick, with a multi-purpose winch and cable system, is used in combination with Niskin or Go-Flo water sampling bottles. Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) sensors are also used to sample the underlying water mass. To minimize outgassing, trace gas samples are collected first.  Then, nutrients, water chemistry, and cell counts are determined. Finally, waters are collected for biomass filtration. The set-up and collection time for a single cast is ~1.5 hours at a maximum depth of 215 meters. Therefore, a total of 6 hours is generally needed to complete the collection series described here.

This video documents methods for collecting coastal marine water samples and processing them for various downstream applications including biomass concentration, nucleic acid purification, cell abundance, nutrient and trace gas analyses.

海水のサンプリングとコレクション

This video documents methods for collecting coastal marine water samples and processing them for various downstream applications including biomass ...

生物学

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>水性サンプル中のメタンを測定するための実用的で低コストのセットアップ

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer

Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and pools in ecosystems are becoming increasingly common in ecological studies due to their relevance to climate change. With it, the need for analytical platforms adaptable to measuring different pools and fluxes within research groups also grows. This study aims to develop a procedure to use portable optical spectroscopy-based gas analyzers, originally designed and marketed for gas flux measurements, to measure GHG concentrations in aqueous samples. The protocol involves the traditional headspace equilibration technique followed by the injection of a headspace gas subsample into a chamber connected through a closed loop to the inlet and outlet ports of the gas analyzer. The chamber is fabricated from a generic mason jar and simple laboratory supplies, and it is an ideal solution for samples that may require pre-injection dilution. Methane concentrations measured with the chamber are tightly correlated (r2 &#62; 0.98) with concentrations determined separately through gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) on subsamples from the same vials. The procedure is particularly relevant for field studies in remote areas where chromatography equipment and supplies are not readily available, offering a practical, cheaper, and more efficient solution for measuring methane and other dissolved greenhouse gas concentrations in aquatic systems.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>光学分光ガス分析器を用いた水生生態系の溶存メタンの測定

This study demonstrates an approach to measure methane gas concentrations in aqueous samples using portable optical analyzers coupled to an injection chamber in a closed loop. The results are similar to conventional gas chromatography, presenting a practical and low-cost alternative particularly suitable for remote field studies.

光学分光ガス分析器を用いた水生生態系の溶存メタンの測定

Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and pools in ecosystems are becoming increasingly common in ecological studies due to their relevance to climate ...

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in complex mixtures. It is often used to analyze gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, bio-diesel and the organic fraction of bio-crude/bio-oil. In most of those analyses, the first dimension of separation is non-polar, followed by a polar separation. The aqueous fractions of bio-crude and other aqueous samples from biofuels production have been examined with similar column combinations. However, sample preparation techniques such as derivatization, solvent extraction, and solid-phase extraction were necessary prior to analysis. In this study, aqueous fractions obtained from the hydrothermal liquefaction of algae were characterized by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry without prior sample preparation techniques using a polar separation in the first dimension followed by a non-polar separation in the second. Two-dimensional plots from this analysis were compared with those obtained from the more traditional column configuration. Results from qualitative characterization of the aqueous fractions of algal bio-crude are discussed in detail. The advantages of using a polar separation followed by a non-polar separation for characterization of organics in aqueous samples by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry are highlighted.

A two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method is described for characterization of the aqueous fraction of bio-crude produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This protocol can also be employed to analyze the aqueous fraction of liquid products from fast pyrolysis, catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalytic deoxygenation and hydro-treating.

飛行時間型質量分析法と2Dガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて藻類の水熱液化からの水性画分の質的特性評価

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in ...

Hの測定

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プログラムされた温度脱着ガスクロマトグラフィー - 電子捕獲型検出器による微量爆発性気体の定量的検出

光駆動酵素的脱炭酸

原油の水を収容する画分の化学分析は、TIMS-FT-ICR MSを用いて流出します

シムズを用いた硫黄同位体分析における原位置メタン胚胎堆積物から自生黄鉄鉱の準備

オンライン複雑な炭化水素マトリックス中の窒素含有化合物の分析

海水のサンプリングとコレクション

光学分光ガス分析器を用いた水生生態系の溶存メタンの測定

光学分光ガス分析器を用いた水生生態系の溶存メタンの測定

光学分光ガス分析器を用いた水生生態系の溶存メタンの測定

飛行時間型質量分析法と2Dガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて藻類の水熱液化からの水性画分の質的特性評価