Name: perfusion and inflation of the mouse lung for tumor histology
Uploaded: 2020-08-06T15:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 4 min 24 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Perfusion and Inflation of the Mouse Lung for Tumor Histology at JoVE.com

La ricerca riportata in questa pubblicazione è stata supportata dal National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences con il premio UL1TR003096 (MDE), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Predoctoral Fellowship in Lung Diseases Training Program 5T32HL134640 (MLD).

Tutti i metodi qui descritti sono stati approvati dall'Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) dell'Università dell'Alabama a Birmingham.
1. Protocollo sperimentale
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	<li>Hsia, C. C., Hyde, D. M., Ochs, M., Weibel, E. R., Structure, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+official+research+policy+statement+of+the+American+Thoracic+Society/European+Respiratory+Society:+standards+for+quantitative+assessment+of+lung+structure.">An official research policy statement of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society: standards for quantitative assessment of lung structure.</a> American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 181 (4), 394-418 (2010).</li><li>Vasilescu, D. M., Knudsen, L., Ochs, M., Weibel, E. R., Hoffman, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+murine+lung+preparation+for+detailed+structural+evaluation+via+micro-computed+tomography.">Optimized murine lung preparation for detailed structural evaluation via micro-computed tomography.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 112 (1), 159-166 (2012).</li><li>Blumler, P., Acosta, R. H., Thomas-Semm, A., Reuss, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung+fixation+for+the+preservation+of+air+spaces.">Lung fixation for the preservation of air spaces.</a> Experimental Lung Research. 30 (1), 73-82 (2004).</li><li>Oldmixon, E. H., Suzuki, S., Butler, J. P., Hoppin, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perfusion+dehydration+fixes+elastin+and+preserves+lung+air-space+dimensions.">Perfusion dehydration fixes elastin and preserves lung air-space dimensions.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 58 (1), 105-113 (1985).</li><li>Braber, S., Verheijden, K. A., Henricks, P. A., Kraneveld, A. D., Folkerts, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+fixation+methods+on+lung+morphology+in+a+murine+model+of+emphysema.">A comparison of fixation methods on lung morphology in a murine model of emphysema.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 299 (6), 843-851 (2010).</li><li>Renne, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommendation+of+optimal+method+for+formalin+fixation+of+rodent+lungs+in+routine+toxicology+studies.">Recommendation of optimal method for formalin fixation of rodent lungs in routine toxicology studies.</a> Toxicologic Pathology. 29 (5), 587-589 (2001).</li><li>Limjunyawong, N., Mock, J., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Instillation+and+Fixation+Methods+Useful+in+Mouse+Lung+Cancer+Research.">Instillation and Fixation Methods Useful in Mouse Lung Cancer Research.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (102), e52964 (2015).</li><li>Lum, H., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+10%+formalin+fixation+on+fixed+lung+volume+and+lung+tissue+shrinkage.+A+comparison+of+eleven+laboratory+species.">Effects of 10% formalin fixation on fixed lung volume and lung tissue shrinkage. A comparison of eleven laboratory species.</a> American Review of Respiratory Disease. 132 (5), 1078-1083 (1985).</li><li>Edmonds, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-31+initiates+lung+tumorigenesis+and+promotes+mutant+KRAS-driven+lung+cancer.">MicroRNA-31 initiates lung tumorigenesis and promotes mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 126 (1), 349-364 (2016).</li><li>Zhao, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wogonin+suppresses+melanoma+cell+B16-F10+invasion+and+migration+by+inhibiting+Ras-medicated+pathways.">Wogonin suppresses melanoma cell B16-F10 invasion and migration by inhibiting Ras-medicated pathways.</a> PLoS One. 9 (9), 106458 (2014).</li></ol>

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La procedura sopra descritta per la perfusione, l'inflazione e la fissazione dei polmoni del topo è ideale per una preparazione rapida ed efficiente dei polmoni del topo per l'istologia del tumore polmonare e l'analisi della patologia. La procedura non richiede alcuna attrezzatura speciale e può essere eseguita in meno di 6 minuti per mouse. La procedura non richiede un volume fisso per l'inflazione né una pressione fluida costante. Poiché questa procedura non è standardizzata, non è raccomandata per coloro che des...

Esistono una varietà di modelli di topo di oncogenesi polmonare e metastasi tumorale al polmone che vanno dai complessi GEMM ai modelli indotti da cancerogeni ai modelli sigeneici e xenograftici, dove le cellule tumorali vengono iniettate tramite intracardiaco, intratoracico, vena di coda o altri metodi per stabilire tumori all'interno del polmone. Tutti questi modelli condividono la comune necessità di valutazione istologica dell'istologia e della patologia polmonare. Pertanto, è necessario avere un metodo robusto ma rapido per eseguire necropsie di topi mentre si perfondono i polmoni per rimuovere il sangue in eccesso e gonfiare e fissare i polmoni per visualizzare chiaramente l'architettura polmonare. La velocità è un componente critico di questa procedura in quanto potrebbe essere necessario raccogliere i polmoni da dozzine di topi in un singolo momento. Questa procedura può essere eseguita in meno di 6 minuti per mouse.
Sebbene questa procedura sia più che sufficiente per valutare l'istologia tumorale, non è raccomandata per coloro che desiderano eseguire misurazioni stereologiche o morfometriche dei polmoni. Tali misurazioni richiedono che l'inflazione polmonare sia standardizzata, così come il calcolo della superficie assoluta del polmone, del volume assoluto e delle dimensioni alveolari e delnumero 1. Questo metodo non è ottimale anche per alcuni approcci di imaging. Ad esempio, l'imaging dei polmoni tramite μCT per l'analisi morfometrica ex vivo richiede che i polmoni rimangano riempiti d'aria2. Quando la conservazione degli spazi e delle dimensioni dell'aria è la preoccupazione principale, si consiglia di fissare i polmoni con tecniche di disidratazioneperfusione 3,4. Una delle maggiori preoccupazioni di questo modello è il potenziale di rupturing delle pareti alveolari, che ne diminuisce l'uso negli studi sull'enfisema; tuttavia, la procedura raccomandata per la fissazione dei polmoni per lo studio dell'enfisema è ancora abbastanza simile, in quanto si raccomanda di fissare i polmoni per instillazione intratracheale del 10% di formalina (simile al protocollo qui descritto) sotto pressione costante del fluido o mediante fissazione in situ5.
Il vantaggio della procedura descritta qui è che non richiede una pressione costante del fluido, ma gonfia i polmoni fino a quando non si sono completamente espansi, diminuendo così il tempo necessario per la procedura. La procedura qui descritta assomiglia molto ai metodi raccomandati da un armamentario della Society of Toxicologic Pathology, dove è stato formato un sottocomitato per raccomandare i migliori metodi di fissazione polmonare per gli studi tossicologici. La maggior parte degli scienziati all'interno di questa sottocommissione ha raccomandato di fissare i polmoni mediante instillazione intratracheale con una siringa, anche se c'erano raccomandazioni variabili sul tempo in cui il polmone è stato lasciato nelfissatore 6. Pertanto, mentre esistono una varietà di metodi di inflazione polmonare e fissazione, il metodo descritto nel presente documento è proposto come metodo ottimale per gonfiare e fissare rapidamente i polmoni per la valutazione istologica del tumore a valle.

<table><tbody><tr><td>10% buffered formalin</td><td>Fisher</td><td>23-245685</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22 G Needle</td><td>BD</td><td>305155</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 mL syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309656</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% Ethanol</td><td>Decon</td><td>2405</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>72-8595</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heparin</td><td>Fisher</td><td>H19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td><td>Corning</td><td>21-030-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical scissors</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>72-8428</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

perfusion and inflation of the mouse lung for tumor histology

La capacità di valutare l'istologia polmonare è fondamentale per i campi della ricerca sul cancro ai polmoni e della metastasi tumorale. È altrettanto importante eseguire necrosi in modo rapido ed efficiente dagli studi senza sacrificare la qualità dei tessuti acquistati. L'obiettivo di questo protocollo è quello di presentare un metodo per perfondere, gonfiare e fissare rapidamente i polmoni del topo per l'analisi istologica a valle. Questo metodo non standardizza l'inflazione polmonare; pertanto, non richiede procedure o attrezzature speciali e invece infonde semplicemente fissativo direttamente attraverso la trachea che segue la perfusione attraverso il cuore. Ciò consente una stima sufficiente delle dimensioni del tumore, dell'istologia e del punteggio. Ciò consente anche la raccolta di tessuto congelato prima della fissazione del tessuto polmonare. Questo metodo è limitato in quanto non consente una successiva quantificazione morfometrica del polmone; tuttavia, è più che sufficiente per l'analisi del tumore polmonare da modelli di topi geneticamente modificati (GEMM), modelli sigeneici, così come studi sul tumore allo xenografto e sulla metastasi.

Il protocollo di cui sopra consente una rapida perfusione, inflazione e fissazione dei polmoni del topo. Le cifre che seguono rappresentano l'importanza di ogni fase. La figura 1 raffigura i polmoni macchiati H&E che sono stati perfusi con PBS e polmoni in cui la fase di perfusione è stata saltata o i polmoni non sono riusciti a perfondersi correttamente. Come mostrato, l'eccesso di sangue nei polmoni scarsamente perfusi crea un'istologia non ideale e può rendere difficile osservare appien...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Perfusion and Inflation of the Mouse Lung for Tumor Histology at JoVE.com

Perfusion and Inflation of the Mouse Lung for Tumor Histology

Lo scopo di questo metodo è quello di presentare un metodo semplice ed efficiente per la perfusione, l'inflazione e la fissazione dei polmoni del topo per l'esame della patologia tumorale polmonare e la valutazione delle metastasi al polmone.

Perfusione e inflazione del polmone del topo per l'istologia tumorale

The ability to evaluate lung histology is critical for the fields of lung cancer research and cancer metastasis. It is equally important to perform ...

perfusion-and-inflation-of-the-mouse-lung-for-tumor-histology

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

18.1K Views.  University of Alabama at Birmingham. Lo scopo di questo metodo è quello di presentare un metodo semplice ed efficiente per la perfusione, l'inflazione e la fissazione dei polmoni del topo per l'esame della patologia tumorale polmonare e la valutazione delle metastasi al polmone.

Video: Perfusion and Inflation of the Mouse Lung for Tumor Histology

Long-term High-Resolution Intravital Microscopy in the Lung with a Vacuum Stabilized Imaging Window

Metastasis to secondary sites such as the lung, liver and bone is a traumatic event with a mortality rate of approximately 90% 1. Of these sites, the lung is the most difficult to assess using intravital optical imaging due to its enclosed position within the body, delicate nature and vital role in sustaining proper physiology. While clinical modalities (positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)) are capable of providing noninvasive images of this tissue, they lack the resolution necessary to visualize the earliest seeding events, with a single pixel consisting of nearly a thousand cells. Current models of metastatic lung seeding postulate that events just after a tumor cell&#39;s arrival are deterministic for survival and subsequent growth. This means that real-time intravital imaging tools with single cell resolution 2 are required in order to define the phenotypes of the seeding cells and test these models. While high resolution optical imaging of the lung has been performed using various ex vivo preparations, these experiments are typically single time-point assays and are susceptible to artifacts and possible erroneous conclusions due to the dramatically altered environment (temperature, profusion, cytokines, etc.) resulting from removal from the chest cavity and circulatory system 3. Recent work has shown that time-lapse intravital optical imaging of the intact lung is possible using a vacuum stabilized imaging window 2,4,5 however, typical imaging times have been limited to approximately 6 hr. Here we describe a protocol for performing long-term intravital time-lapse imaging of the lung utilizing such a window over a period of 12 hr. The time-lapse image sequences obtained using this method enable visualization and quantitation of cell-cell interactions, membrane dynamics and vascular perfusion in the lung. We further describe an image processing technique that gives an unprecedentedly clear view of the lung microvasculature.

This protocol describes the use of multiphoton microscopy to perform long-term high-resolution, single cell imaging of the intact lung in real time using a vacuum stabilized imaging window.

A lungo termine ad alta risoluzione intravitale Microscopia nel polmone con un vuoto stabilizzato finestra Imaging

Metastasis to secondary sites such as the lung, liver and bone is a traumatic event with a mortality rate of approximately 90% 1. Of these sites, the lung ...

Ricerca

Ricerca sul cancro

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

A hallmark of advanced tumors is a switch to aerobic glycolysis that is readily measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging. Co-mutations in the KRAS proto-oncogene and the LKB1 tumor suppressor gene are frequent events in lung cancer that drive hypermetabolic, glycolytic tumor growth. A critical pathway regulating the growth and metabolism of these tumors is the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which can be effectively targeted using selective catalytic mTOR kinase inhibitors. The mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 suppresses glycolysis in mice bearing tumors with Kras and Lkb1 co-mutations, referred to as KL mice. The therapy response in KL mice is first measured by 18F-FDG PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging before and after the delivery of MLN0128. By utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT, researchers are able to measure dynamic changes in the glucose metabolism in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung cancer following a therapeutic intervention with targeted therapies. This is followed by ex vivo autoradiography and a quantitative immunohistochemical (qIHC) analysis using morphometric software. The use of qIHC enables the detection and quantification of distinct changes in the biomarker profiles following treatment as well as the characterization of distinct tumor pathologies. The coupling of PET imaging to quantitative histology is an effective strategy to identify metabolic and therapeutic responses in vivo in mouse models of disease.

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

In this protocol, we describe how to utilize [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging to measure the tumor metabolic response to the targeted therapy MLN0128 in a Kras/Lkb1 mutant mouse model of lung cancer and coupled imaging with high resolution ex vivo autoradiography and quantitative histology.

Utilizzando 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging e l'istologia quantitativa per misurare i cambiamenti dinamici nel metabolismo del glucosio in modelli murini di cancro ai polmoni

A hallmark of advanced tumors is a switch to aerobic glycolysis that is readily measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ...

Improved Visualization of Lung Metastases at Single Cell Resolution in Mice by Combined In-situ Perfusion of Lung Tissue and X-Gal Staining of lacZ-Tagged Tumor Cells

Metastasis is the main cause of death in the majority of cancer types and consequently a main focus in cancer research. However, the detection of micrometastases by radiologic imaging and the success in their therapeutic eradication remain limited.
While animal models have proven to be invaluable tools for cancer research1, the monitoring/visualization of micrometastases remains a challenge and inaccurate evaluation of metastatic spread in preclinical studies potentially leads to disappointing results in clinical trials2. Consequently, there is great interest in refining the methods to finally allow reproducible and reliable detection of metastases down to the single cell level in normal tissue. The main focus therefore is on techniques, which allow the detection of tumor cells in vivo, like micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), positron emission tomography (PET), bioluminescence or fluorescence imaging3,4. We are currently optimizing these techniques for in vivo monitoring of primary tumor growth and metastasis in different osteosarcoma models. Some of these techniques can also be used for ex vivo analysis of metastasis beside classical methods like qPCR5, FACS6 or different types of histological staining. As a benchmark, we have established in the present study the stable transfection or transduction of tumor cells with the lacZ gene encoding the bacterial enzyme &beta;-galactosidase that metabolizes the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) to an insoluble indigo blue dye7 and allows highly sensitive and selective histochemical blue staining of tumor cells in mouse tissue ex vivo down to the single cell level as shown here. This is a low-cost and not equipment-intensive tool, which allows precise validation of metastasis8 in studies assessing new anticancer therapies9-11. A limiting factor of X-gal staining is the low contrast to e.g. blood-related red staining of well vascularized tissues. In lung tissue this problem can be solved by in-situ lung perfusion, a technique that was recently established by Borsig et al.12 who perfused the lungs of mice under anesthesia to clear them from blood and to fix and embed them in-situ under inflation through the trachea. This method prevents also the collapse of the lung and thereby maintains the morphology of functional lung alveoli, which improves the quality of the tissue for histological analysis. In the present study, we describe a new protocol, which takes advantage of a combination of X-gal staining of lacZ-expressing tumor cells and in-situ perfusion and fixation of lung tissue. This refined protocol allows high-sensitivity detection of single metastatic cells in the lung and enabled us in a recent study to detect "dormant" lung micrometastases in a mouse model13, which was originally described to be non-metastatic14.

Improved Visualization of Lung Metastases at Single Cell Resolution in Mice by Combined In-situ Perfusion of Lung Tissue and X-Gal Staining of lacZ-Tagged Tumor Cells

The novel protocol reported in the present study allows selective detection of lung metastases at single cell resolution in mice by combined in-situ lung perfusion and fixation and X-Gal staining of lacZ-tagged tumor cells.

Una migliore visualizzazione delle metastasi polmonari a risoluzione singola cella in Mouse di combinata<em&gt; In-situ</emPerfusione&gt; del tessuto polmonare e X-Gal colorazione del<em&gt; LacZ</em&gt;-Tagged cellule tumorali

Metastasis is the main cause of death in the majority of cancer types and consequently a main focus in cancer research. However, the detection of ...

Medicina

A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation

Pulmonary morphology, physiology, and respiratory functions change in both physiological and pathological conditions. Internal lung surface area (ISA), representing the gas-exchange capacity of the lung, is a critical criterion to assess respiratory function. However, observer bias can significantly influence measured values for lung morphological parameters. The protocol that we describe here minimizes variations during measurements of two morphological parameters used for ISA calculation: internal lung volume (ILV) and mean linear intercept (MLI). Using ISA as a morphometric and functional parameter to determine the outcome of alveolar regeneration in both pneumonectomy (PNX) and prosthesis implantation mouse models, we found that the increased ISA following PNX treatment was significantly blocked by implantation of a prosthesis into the thoracic cavity1. The ability to accurately quantify ISA is not only expected to improve the reliability and reproducibility of lung function studies in injured-induced alveolar regeneration models, but also to promote mechanistic discoveries of multiple pulmonary diseases.

Internal lung surface area (ISA) is a critical criterion for assessing lung morphology and physiology in lung diseases and injury-induced alveolar regeneration. We describe here a standardized method that can minimize the measurement bias for ISA in both lung pneumonectomy and prosthesis implantation mouse models.

Un metodo standardizzato per la misurazione della superficie interna polmonare tramite la polmonite e l&#39;impianto di protesi

Pulmonary morphology, physiology, and respiratory functions change in both physiological and pathological conditions. Internal lung surface area (ISA), ...

Biologia dello sviluppo

Instillation and Fixation Methods Useful in Mouse Lung Cancer Research

The ability to instill live agents, cells, or chemicals directly into the lung without injuring or killing the mice is an important tool in lung cancer research. Although there are a number of methods that have been published showing how to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements, none are without potential problems for rapid tracheal instillation in large cohorts of mice. In the present paper, a simple and quick method is described that enables an investigator to carry out such instillations in an efficient manner. The method does not require any special tools or lighting and can be learned with very little practice. It involves anesthetizing a mouse, making a small incision in the neck to visualize the trachea, and then inserting an intravenous catheter directly. The small incision is quickly closed with tissue adhesive, and the mice are allowed to recover. A skilled student or technician can do instillations at an average rate of 2 min/mouse. Once the cancer is established, there is frequently a need for quantitative histologic analysis of the lungs. Traditionally pathologists usually do not bother to standardize lung inflation during fixation, and analyses are often based on a scoring system that can be quite subjective. While this may sometime be sufficiently adequate for gross estimates of the size of a lung tumor, any proper stereological quantification of lung structure or cells requires a reproducible fixation procedure and subsequent lung volume measurement. Here we describe simple reliable procedures for both fixing the lungs under pressure and then accurately measuring the fixed lung volume. The only requirement is a laboratory balance that is accurate over a range of 1 mg&#8211;300 g. The procedures presented here thus could greatly improve the ability to create, treat, and analyze lung cancers in mice.

The goal of this paper is to describe simple methods that will greatly aid in the setup and analysis of mouse lungs with lung cancer or other pathologies. We present 3 protocols to simply and reliably carry out lung instillations, fixation, and lung volume measurements.

Instillazione e fissaggio Metodi utili in mouse Lung Cancer Research

The ability to instill live agents, cells, or chemicals directly into the lung without injuring or killing the mice is an important tool in lung cancer ...

Pre-Conditioning the Airways of Mice with Bleomycin Increases the Efficiency of Orthotopic Lung Cancer Cell Engraftment

Lung cancer is a deadly treatment refractory disease that is biologically heterogeneous. To understand and effectively treat the full clinical spectrum of thoracic malignancies, additional animal models that can recapitulate diverse human lung cancer subtypes and stages are needed. Allograft or xenograft models are versatile and enable the quantification of tumorigenic capacity in vivo, using malignant cells of either murine or human origin. However, previously described methods of lung cancer cell engraftment have been performed in non-physiological sites, such as the flank of mice, due to the inefficiency of orthotopic transplantation of cells into the lungs. In this study, we describe a method to enhance orthotopic lung cancer cell engraftment by pre-conditioning the airways of mice with the fibrosis inducing agent bleomycin. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we applied this approach to engraft tumor cells of the lung adenocarcinoma subtype, obtained from either mouse or human sources, into various strains of mice. We demonstrate that injuring the airways with bleomycin prior to tumor cell injection increases the engraftment of tumor cells from 0-17% to 71-100%. Significantly, this method enhanced lung tumor incidence and subsequent outgrowth using different models and mouse strains. In addition, engrafted lung cancer cells disseminate from the lungs into relevant distant organs. Thus, we provide a protocol that can be used to establish and maintain new orthotopic models of lung cancer with limiting amounts of cells or biospecimen and to quantitatively assess the tumorigenic capacity of lung cancer cells in physiologically relevant settings.

We describe a method to significantly enhance orthotopic engraftment of lung cancer cells into the murine lungs by pre-conditioning the airways with injury. This approach may also be applied to study stromal interactions within the lung microenvironment, metastatic dissemination, lung cancer co-morbidities, and to more efficiently generate patient derived xenografts.

Pre-condizionamento delle vie aeree dei topi con bleomicina aumenta l'efficienza di Orthotopic del polmone cancro Engraftment delle cellule

Lung cancer is a deadly treatment refractory disease that is biologically heterogeneous. To understand and effectively treat the full clinical spectrum of ...

Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation

Lung histology is often used to investigate the contributions provided by airspace cells during lung homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. However, commonly used instillation-based fixation methods can displace airspace cells and mucus into terminal airways and can alter tissue morphology. In comparison, vascular perfusion-fixation techniques are superior at preserving the location and morphology of cells within airspaces and the mucosal lining. However, if positive airway pressure is not simultaneously applied, regions of the lungs may collapse and capillaries may bulge into the alveolar spaces, leading to distortion of the lung anatomy. Herein, we describe an inexpensive method for air-inflation during vascular perfusion-fixation to preserve the morphology and location of airway and alveolar cells and interstitium in murine lungs for downstream histologic studies. Constant air pressure is delivered to the lungs via the trachea from a sealed, air-filled chamber that maintains pressure via an adjustable liquid column while fixative is perfused through the right ventricle.

Presented is a method for air-inflation with vascular perfusion-fixation of the lungs that preserves the location of cells within airways, alveoli and interstitium for structure-function analyses. Constant airway pressure is maintained with an air-inflation chamber while fixative is perfused via the right ventricle. Lungs are processed for histologic studies.

Gonfiaggio dell'aria dei polmoni murini con perfusione-fissazione vascolare

Lung histology is often used to investigate the contributions provided by airspace cells during lung homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. However, ...

Neuroscienze

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Monitoraggio in tempo reale delle dinamiche cellulari nel trapianto di polmone di topo

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of the Transplanted Mouse Lung

Complications after lung transplantation are largely related to the host immune system responding to the graft. Such immune responses are regulated by crosstalk between donor and recipient cells. A better understanding of these processes relies on the use of preclinical animal models and is aided by an ability to study intra-graft immune cell trafficking in real-time. Intravital two-photon microscopy can be used to image tissues and organs for depths up to several hundred microns with minimal photodamage, which affords a great advantage over single-photon confocal microscopy. Selective use of transgenic mice with promoter-specific fluorescent protein expression and/or adoptive transfer of fluorescent dye-labeled cells during intravital two-photon microscopy allows for the dynamic study of single cells within their physiologic environment. Our group has developed a technique to stabilize mouse lungs, which has enabled us to image cellular dynamics in na&#239;ve lungs and orthotopically transplanted pulmonary grafts. This technique allows for detailed assessment of cellular behavior within the vasculature and in the interstitium, as well as for examination of interactions between various cell populations. This procedure can be readily learned and adapted to study immune mechanisms that regulate inflammatory and tolerogenic responses after lung transplantation. It can also be expanded to the study of other pathogenic pulmonary conditions.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autore in primo piano: Avanzamento dell'immunologia dei trapianti di polmone attraverso l'imaging intravitale

Here, we present a protocol to intravitally image the transplanted mouse left lung using two-photon microscopy. This represents a valuable tool for studying cellular dynamics and interactions in real-time following murine lung transplantation.

Microscopia intravitale a due fotoni del polmone di topo trapiantato

Complications after lung transplantation are largely related to the host immune system responding to the graft. Such immune responses are regulated by ...

Perfusione e inflazione del polmone del topo per l'istologia tumorale

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A lungo termine ad alta risoluzione intravitale Microscopia nel polmone con un vuoto stabilizzato finestra Imaging

Utilizzando ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT Imaging e l'istologia quantitativa per misurare i cambiamenti dinamici nel metabolismo del glucosio in modelli murini di cancro ai polmoni

Una migliore visualizzazione delle metastasi polmonari a risoluzione singola cella in Mouse di combinata

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