עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי משרד ההגנה האמריקאי (BC075554 לב&quot;ג ו BC061403 אל DK), ארה&quot;ב National Institutes of Health (U54GM064346 כדי JvR; CA100324 אל JC, ג&#39;ס ואת ג&quot;ו; CA77522 כדי ג&#39;ס, U54CA126511 אל JC ו BG). אנו מודים ד Entenberg לעזרה עם מיקרוסקופיה, מ Rottenkolber לעזרה בייצור של תיבת הדמיה ג&#39;יי פולארד (אלברט איינשטיין קולג &#39;לרפואה) עבור נוגדן F4/80.

<ol>
	<li>Farina, K. L., Wyckoff, J. B., Rivera, J., Lee, H., Segall, J. E., Condeelis, J. S., Jones, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+motility+of+tumor+cells+visualized+in+living+intact+primary+tumors+using+green+fluorescent+protein.">Cell motility of tumor cells visualized in living intact primary tumors using green fluorescent protein.</a> Cancer Res. 58, 2528-2532 (1998).</li><li>Naumov, G. N., Wilson, S. M., MacDonald, I., Schmidt, E. E., Morris, V. L., Groom, A. C., Hoffman, R. M., Chambers, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+expression+of+green+fluorescent+protein,+coupled+with+high-resolution+in+vivo+videomicroscopy,+to+monitor+steps+in+tumor+metastasis.">Cellular expression of green fluorescent protein, coupled with high-resolution in vivo videomicroscopy, to monitor steps in tumor metastasis.</a> J Cell Sci. 112, 1835-1842 (1999).</li><li>Brown, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+measurement+of+gene+expression,+angiogenesis+and+physiological+function+in+tumors+using+multiphoton+laser+scanning+microscopy.">In vivo measurement of gene expression, angiogenesis and physiological function in tumors using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy.</a> Nature Med. 7, 864-868 (2001).</li><li>Wang, W., Wyckoff, J. B., Frohlich, V. C., Oleynikov, Y., Huttelmaier, S., Zavadil, J., Cermak, L., Bottinger, E. P., Singer, R. H., White, J. G., Segall, J. E., Condeelis, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+cell+behavior+in+metastatic+primary+mammary+tumors+correlated+with+gene+expression+patterns+revealed+by+molecular+profiling.">Single cell behavior in metastatic primary mammary tumors correlated with gene expression patterns revealed by molecular profiling.</a> Cancer Res. 62, 6278-6288 (2002).</li><li>Sidani, M., Wyckoff, J., Xue, C., Segall, J. E., Condeelis, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probing+the+microenvironment+of+mammary+tumors+using+multiphoton+microscopy.">Probing the microenvironment of mammary tumors using multiphoton microscopy.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 11, 151-163 (2006).</li><li>Wyckoff, J. B., Wang, Y., Lin, E. Y., Li, J. F., Goswami, S., Stanley, E. R., Segall, J. E., Pollard, J. W., Condeelis, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+visualization+of+macrophage-assisted+tumor+cell+intravasation+in+mammary+tumors.">Direct visualization of macrophage-assisted tumor cell intravasation in mammary tumors.</a> Cancer Res. 67, 2649-2656 (2007).</li><li>Egeblad, M., Ewald, A. J., Askautrud, H. A., Truitt, M. L., Welm, B. E., Bainbridge, E., Peeters, G., Krummel, M. F., Werb, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+stromal+cell+dynamics+in+different+tumor+microenvironments+by+spinning+disk+confocal+microscopy.">Visualizing stromal cell dynamics in different tumor microenvironments by spinning disk confocal microscopy.</a> Dis Model Mech. 1, 155-167 (2008).</li><li>Mempel, T. R., Henrickson, S. E., von Adrian, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T-cell+priming+by+dendritic+cells+in+lymph+nodes+occurs+in+three+distinct+phases.">T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases.</a> Nature. 427, 154-159 (2004).</li><li>Miller, M. J., Wei, S. H., Cahalan, M. D., Parker, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomous+T+cell+trafficking+examined+in+vivo+with+intravital+two-photon+microscopy.">Autonomous T cell trafficking examined in vivo with intravital two-photon microscopy.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100, 2604-2609 (2003).</li><li>Kedrin, D., Gligorijevic, B., Wyckoff, J., Verkhusha, V. V., Condeelis, J., Segall, J. E., van Rheenen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+imaging+of+metastatic+behavior+through+a+mammary+imaging+window.">Intravital imaging of metastatic behavior through a mammary imaging window.</a> Nat. Methods. 5, 1019-1021 (2008).</li><li>Chudakov, D. M., Lukyanov, S., Lukyanov, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+intracellular+protein+movements+using+photoswitchable+fluorescent+proteins+PS-CFP2+and+Dendra2.">Tracking intracellular protein movements using photoswitchable fluorescent proteins PS-CFP2 and Dendra2.</a> Nat. Protocols. 2, 2024-2032 (2007).</li></ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>PBS w/o Ca, Mg</td><td>GIBCO, by Life Technologies</td><td>14190-144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin</td><td>GIBCO, by Life Technologies</td><td>25300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HBSS</td><td>GIBCO, by Life Technologies</td><td>14025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM media (MDA-MB-231 cells)</td><td>GIBCO, by Life Technologies</td><td>11965</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane(Aerrane)</td><td>Baxter Internationl Inc.</td><td># NDC 10019-773-40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SCID mouse</td><td>National Cancer Institute</td><td>N/A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Culture dishes</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>353003</td><td>Custom Order</td></tr><tr><td>Circular coverslip 8 mm</td><td>Scientific, Inc.</td><td>8CIR-1-FIS</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

dendra2 photoswitching through the mammary imaging window

בעשור האחרון, מיקרוסקופיה intravital של גידולים בשד אצל עכברים וחולדות ברזולוציה של תא בודד<sup&gt; 1-4</sup&gt; הביא תובנות חשובות מנגנונים של התנהגות גרורתי כגון הפלישה הגירה intravasation של תאים סרטניים<sup&gt; 5, 6</sup&gt;, אנגיוגנזה<sup&gt; 3</sup&gt; ואת התגובה החיסונית תאים<sup&gt; 7-9</sup&gt;. יש לנו דיווחה לאחרונה טכניקה קרצינומות תמונה orthotopic החלב במשך מספר מפגשים הדמיה intravital בעכברים חיים<sup&gt; 10</sup&gt;. לשם כך, פיתחנו חלון דימות השד (MIW) ופרמטרים הדמיה אופטימיזציה עבור Dendra2<sup&gt; 11</sup&gt; Photoswitching הדמיה<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt;. כאן, אנו מתארים את פרוטוקול לייצור MIW, החדרת MIW על גבי הגידול והדמיה של Dendra2 שכותרתו תאים סרטניים באמצעות תיבת מותאם אישית הדמיה בנוי. פרוטוקול זה יכול לשמש לדימוי התנהגות גרורתי של תאים סרטניים microenvironments ברורים גידולים מאפשר הדמיה לטווח ארוך של כלי דם, תאים סרטניים ותאים המארח.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dendra2 Photoswitching through the Mammary Imaging Window at JoVE.com

Dendra2 Photoswitching through the Mammary Imaging Window

Photoswitching Intravital ומעקב אחר Dendra2 שכותרתו תאים סרטניים דרך החלון הדמיה החלב היא טכניקה המאפשרת לנו תמונת התנהגות גרורתי של תאים סרטניים microenvironments הגידול נבחר על זמנים של ימים.

Dendra2 Photoswitching דרך החלון דימות השד

In the last decade, intravital microscopy of breast tumors in mice and rats at single-cell resolution1-4  has resulted in important insights into ...

dendra2-photoswitching-through-the-mammary-imaging-window

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

11.6K Views.  Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Yeshiva University. Photoswitching Intravital ומעקב אחר Dendra2 שכותרתו תאים סרטניים דרך החלון הדמיה החלב היא טכניקה המאפשרת לנו תמונת התנהגות גרורתי של תאים סרטניים microenvironments הגידול נבחר על זמנים של ימים.

Video: Dendra2 Photoswitching through the Mammary Imaging Window

A Method for 2-Photon Imaging of Blood Flow in the Neocortex through a Cranial Window

The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is a powerful technique. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy through a cranial window it is possible to image fluorescent dyes injected intravenously. This permits one to image the cortical vasculature and also to obtain measurements of blood flow. This technique was originally developed by David Kleinfeld and Winfried Denk. The method can be used to study blood flow dynamics during or after cerebral ischemia, in neurodegenerative disorders, in brain tumors, or in normal brain physiology. For example, it has been used to study how stroke causes shifts in blood flow direction and changes in red blood cell velocity or flux in and around the infarct. Here we demonstrate how to use 2-photon microscopy to image blood flow dynamics in the neocortex of living mice using fluorescent dyes injected into the tail vein.

Cortical blood flow dynamics can be studied in vivo by imaging fluorescent dextran dyes injected into the tail vein of rodents with 2-photon microscopy. This video shows how to image blood flow dynamics in neocortex of mice through a glass-covered cranial window preparation.

שיטה הדמיה 2-פוטון של זרימת הדם הניאוקורטקס דרך חלון גולגולתי

The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is ...

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging Through Clear Silicone Windows

Intravital microscopy (IVM) enables visualization of cell movement, division, and death at single-cell resolution. IVM through surgically inserted imaging windows is particularly powerful because it allows longitudinal observation of the same tissue over days to weeks. Typical imaging windows comprise a glass coverslip in a biocompatible metal frame sutured to the mouse&#8217;s skin. These windows can interfere with the free movement of the mice, elicit a strong inflammatory response, and fail due to broken glass or torn sutures, any of which may necessitate euthanasia. To address these issues, windows for long-term abdominal organ and mammary gland imaging&#160;were developed from a thin film of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an optically clear silicone polymer previously used for cranial imaging windows. These windows can be glued directly to the tissues, reducing the time needed for insertion. PDMS is flexible, contributing to its durability in mice over time&#8212;up to 35 days have been tested. Longitudinal imaging is imaging of the same tissue region during separate sessions. A stainless-steel grid was embedded within the windows to localize the same region, allowing the visualization of dynamic processes (like mammary gland involution) at the same locations, days apart. This silicone window also allowed monitoring of single disseminated cancer cells developing into micro-metastases over time. The silicone windows used in this study are simpler to insert than metal-framed glass windows and cause limited inflammation of the imaged tissues. Moreover, embedded grids allow for straightforward tracking of the same tissue region in repeated imaging sessions.

An approach is here presented for long-term intravital imaging using optically clear, silicone windows that can be glued directly to the tissue/organ of interest and the skin.&#160;These windows are cheaper and more versatile than others currently used in the field, and the surgical insertion causes limited inflammation and distress to the animals.

הדמיה תוך-ורידית אורכית דרך חלונות סיליקון שקופים

Intravital microscopy (IVM) enables visualization of cell movement, division, and death at single-cell resolution. IVM through surgically inserted imaging ...

Cancer Research

A Label-Free Segmentation Approach for Intravital Imaging of Mammary Tumor Microenvironment

The ability to visualize complex and dynamic physiological interactions between numerous cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within a live tumor microenvironment is an important step toward understanding mechanisms that regulate tumor progression. While this can be accomplished through current intravital imaging techniques, it remains challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of tissues and the need for spatial context within the experimental observation. To this end, we have developed an intravital imaging workflow that pairs collagen second harmonic generation imaging, endogenous fluorescence from the metabolic co-factor NAD(P)H, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) as a means to non-invasively compartmentalize the tumor microenvironment into basic domains of the tumor nest, the surrounding stroma or ECM, and the vasculature. This non-invasive protocol details the step-by-step process ranging from the acquisition of time-lapse images of mammary tumor models to post-processing analysis and image segmentation. The primary advantage of this workflow is that it exploits metabolic signatures to contextualize the dynamically changing live tumor microenvironment without the use of exogenous fluorescent labels, making it advantageous for human patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and future clinical use where extrinsic fluorophores are not readily applicable.

The intravital imaging method described here utilizes collagen second harmonic generation and endogenous fluorescence from the metabolic co-factor NAD(P)H to non-invasively segment an unlabeled tumor microenvironment into tumor, stromal, and vascular compartments for in-depth analysis of 4D intravital images.

גישת סגמנטציה ללא תווית להדמיה תוך-ורידית של מיקרו-סביבה של גידולי יונקים

The ability to visualize complex and dynamic physiological interactions between numerous cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within a live tumor ...

הדמיית לבלב מורין באמצעות חלון מיוצב מושתל

Stabilized Window for Intravital Imaging of the Murine Pancreas

The physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreas are complex. Diseases of the pancreas, such as pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have high morbidity and mortality. Intravital imaging (IVI) is a powerful technique enabling the high-resolution imaging of tissues in both healthy and diseased states, allowing for real-time observation of cell dynamics. IVI of the murine pancreas presents significant challenges due to the deep visceral and compliant nature of the organ, which make it highly prone to damage and motion artifacts. 
Described here is the process of implantation of the Stabilized Window for Intravital imaging of the murine Pancreas (SWIP). The SWIP allows IVI of the murine pancreas in normal healthy states, during the transformation from the healthy pancreas to acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein, and in malignant states such as pancreatic tumors. In conjunction with genetically labeled cells or the administration of fluorescent dyes, the SWIP enables the measurement of single-cell and subcellular dynamics (including single-cell and collective migration) as well as serial imaging of the same region of interest over multiple days. 
The ability to capture tumor cell migration is of particular importance as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in PDAC is the overwhelming metastatic burden. Understanding the physiological dynamics of metastasis in PDAC is a critical unmet need and crucial for improving patient prognosis. Overall, the SWIP provides improved imaging stability and expands the application of IVI in the healthy pancreas and malignant pancreas diseases.

מחבר זרקור: מהפכה בהבנת מחלות הלבלב באמצעות הדמיה תוך-חיונית מתקדמת 

We present a protocol for the surgical implantation of a stabilized indwelling optical window for subcellular-resolution imaging of the murine pancreas, allowing serial and longitudinal studies of the healthy and diseased pancreas.

חלון מיוצב להדמיה תוך חיונית של הלבלב המוריני

The physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreas are complex. Diseases of the pancreas, such as pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have ...

Intraductal Delivery to the Rabbit Mammary Gland

Localized intraductal treatments for breast cancer offer potential advantages, including efficient delivery to the tumor and reduced systemic toxicity and adverse effects1,2,3,4,5,6,7. However, several challenges remain before these treatments can be applied more widely. The development and validation of intraductal therapeutics in an appropriate animal model facilitate the development of intraductal therapeutic strategies for patients. While the mouse mammary gland has been widely used as a model system of mammary development and tumorigenesis, the anatomy is distinct from the human gland. A larger animal model, such as the rabbit, may serve as a better model for mammary gland structure and intraductal therapeutic development. In contrast to mice, in which ten ductal trees are spatially distributed along the body axis, each terminating in a separate teat, the rabbit mammary gland more closely resembles the human gland, with multiple overlapping ductal systems that exit through separate openings in one teat. Here, we present minimally invasive methods for the delivery of reagents directly into the rabbit mammary duct and for visualization of the delivery itself with high-resolution ultrasound imaging.

Here, we describe a technique for the localized delivery of reagents to the rabbit mammary gland via an intraductal injection. In addition, we describe a protocol for visualization and the confirmation of delivery by high-resolution ultrasound imaging of contrast agents.

משלוח Intraductal אל ארנב חלב בלוט

Localized intraductal treatments for breast cancer offer potential advantages, including efficient delivery to the tumor and reduced systemic toxicity and ...

Bioengineering

Intraductal Injection for Localized Drug Delivery to the Mouse Mammary Gland

Herein we describe a protocol to deliver various reagents to the mouse mammary gland via intraductal injections. Localized drug delivery and knock-down of genes within the mammary epithelium has been difficult to achieve due to the lack of appropriate targeting molecules that are independent of developmental stages such as pregnancy and lactation. Herein, we describe a technique for localized delivery of reagents to the mammary gland at any stage in adulthood via intraductal injection into the nipples of mice. The injections can be performed on live mice, under anesthesia, and allow for a non-invasive and localized drug delivery to the mammary gland. Furthermore, the injections can be repeated over several months without damaging the nipple. Vital dyes such as Evans Blue are very helpful to learn the technique. Upon intraductal injection of the blue dye, the entire ductal tree becomes visible to the eye. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled reagents also allow for visualization and distribution within the mammary gland. This technique is adaptable for a variety of compounds including siRNA, chemotherapeutic agents, and small molecules.

A protocol for the non-invasive intraductal delivery of aqueous reagents to the mouse mammary gland is described. The method takes advantage of localized injection into the nipples of mammary glands targeting mammary ducts specifically. This technique is adaptable for a variety of compounds including siRNA, chemotherapeutic agents and small molecules.

הזרקת intraductal עבור משלוח סמים מקומיים לעכבר החלב בלוטת

Herein we describe a protocol to deliver various reagents to the mouse mammary gland via intraductal injections. Localized drug delivery and knock-down of ...

Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Using a Mammary Imaging Window with Replaceable Lid

The branched structure of the mammary gland is highly dynamic and undergoes several phases of growth and remodeling after birth. Intravital microscopy in combination with skin flap surgery or implantation of imaging windows has been used to study the dynamics of the healthy mammary gland at different developmental stages. Most mammary imaging technologies are limited to a time frame of hours to days, whereas the majority of mammary gland remodeling processes occur in time frames of days to weeks. To study mammary gland remodeling, methods that allow optical access to the tissue of interest for extended time frames are required. Here, an improved version of the titanium mammary imaging window with a replaceable lid (R.MIW) is described that allows high-resolution imaging of the mammary gland with a cellular resolution for up to several weeks. Importantly, the R.MIW provides tissue access over the entire duration of the intravital imaging experiment and could therefore be used for local tissue manipulation, labeling, drug administration, or image-guided microdissection. Taken together, the R.MIW enables high-resolution characterization of the cellular dynamics during mammary gland development, homeostasis, and disease.

This protocol describes a novel mammary imaging window with a replaceable lid (R.MIW). Intravital microscopy after implantation of the R.MIW allows for longitudinal and multi-day imaging of the healthy and diseased mammary gland with a cellular resolution during the different developmental stages.

מיקרוסקופיה תוך-ורידית אורכית באמצעות חלון הדמיה של יונקים עם מכסה הניתן להחלפה

The branched structure of the mammary gland is highly dynamic and undergoes several phases of growth and remodeling after birth. Intravital microscopy in ...

Intravital Subcellular Microscopy of the Mammary Gland

The mammary gland constitutes a model par excellence for investigating epithelial functions, including tissue remodeling, cell polarity, and secretory mechanisms. During pregnancy, the gland expands from a primitive ductal tree embedded in a fat pad to a highly branched alveolar network primed for the formation and secretion of colostrum and milk. Post-partum, the gland supplies all the nutrients required for neonatal survival, including membrane-coated lipid droplets (LDs), proteins, carbohydrates, ions, and water. Various milk components, including lactose, casein micelles, and skim-milk proteins, are synthesized within the alveolar cells and secreted from vesicles by exocytosis at the apical surface. LDs are transported from sites of synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cell apex, coated with cellular membranes, and secreted by a unique apocrine mechanism. Other preformed constituents, including antibodies and hormones, are transported from the serosal side of the epithelium into milk by transcytosis. These processes are amenable to intravital microscopy because the mammary gland is a skin gland and, therefore, directly accessible to experimental manipulation. In this paper, a facile procedure is described to investigate the kinetics of LD secretion in situ, in real-time, in live anesthetized mice. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)665/676&#160;or monodansylpentane are used to label the neutral lipid fraction of transgenic mice, which either express soluble EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) in the cytoplasm, or a membrane-targeted peptide fused to either EGFP or tdTomato. The membrane-tagged fusion proteins serve as markers of cell surfaces, and the lipid dyes resolve LDs &#8805; 0.7 &#181;m. Time-lapse images can be recorded by standard laser scanning confocal microscopy down to a depth of 15-25 &#181;m or by multiphoton microscopy for imaging deeper in the tissue. The mammary gland may be bathed with pharmacological agents or fluorescent dyes throughout the surgery, providing a platform for acute experimental manipulations as required.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>מיקרוסקופיה תת-תאית תוך חיונית של בלוטת החלב

The present protocol describes a facile technique for the intravital imaging of the lactating mouse mammary gland by laser scanning confocal and multiphoton microscopy.

מיקרוסקופיה תת-תאית תוך חיונית של בלוטת החלב

The mammary gland constitutes a model par excellence for investigating epithelial functions, including tissue remodeling, cell polarity, and secretory ...

Dendra2 Photoswitching דרך החלון דימות השד

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שיטה הדמיה 2-פוטון של זרימת הדם הניאוקורטקס דרך חלון גולגולתי

הדמיה תוך-ורידית אורכית דרך חלונות סיליקון שקופים

גישת סגמנטציה ללא תווית להדמיה תוך-ורידית של מיקרו-סביבה של גידולי יונקים

חלון מיוצב להדמיה תוך חיונית של הלבלב המוריני

חלון מיוצב להדמיה תוך חיונית של הלבלב המוריני

חלון מיוצב להדמיה תוך חיונית של הלבלב המוריני

משלוח Intraductal אל ארנב חלב בלוט

הזרקת intraductal עבור משלוח סמים מקומיים לעכבר החלב בלוטת

מיקרוסקופיה תוך-ורידית אורכית באמצעות חלון הדמיה של יונקים עם מכסה הניתן להחלפה

מיקרוסקופיה תת-תאית תוך חיונית של בלוטת החלב