Name: single sensillum recordings for locust palp sensilla basiconica
Uploaded: 2018-06-23T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 16 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single Sensillum Recordings for Locust Palp Sensilla Basiconica at JoVE.com

Diese Arbeit wird unterstützt durch ein Stipendium der National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31472037). Jede Erwähnung von Handelsnamen oder kommerzielle Produkte in diesem Artikel wird ausschließlich zum Zweck der Bereitstellung von spezifischen Informationen und bedeutet nicht, dass eine Empfehlung.

1. Vorbereitung der Instrumente und Insekt
<ol><li>
Erarbeiten von Wolfram-Elektroden und Reize Lösungen
	<ol>
<li>Eine neue wolframdraht (Durchmesser von 0,125 mm, Länge 75 mm) in einem Mikromanipulator zu beheben und bei 10 V zur Verfügung gestellt durch ein Netzteil für ca. 1 min unter einem Stereomikroskop (40 X Vergrößerung) in 10 % (w/V) Natrium Nitrit (NaNO2) Lösung in einer Spritze zu schärfen.</li>
		<li>Tauchen Sie die geschärften wolframdraht wiederholt in die 10 % NaNO2 Lösung, etwa 4 mm bei 5 V in < 1 min (Abb. 1A).</li>
		<li>Prüfen Sie den Durchmesser der geschärften Wolfram Spitze häufig unter dem Stereomikroskop, bis es fein genug, die Nagelhaut eine Heuschrecke spürbare olfaktorische Sensillum (Abbildung 1 b) zu durchdringen ist.</li>
		<li>Bereiten Sie die Impuls-Lösungen. Verdünnen Sie die chemischen Reiz Substanz in Mineralöl. Verdünnen Sie 1-Nonanol und Nonanoic Säure bei 10 % Verdünnungen. E-2-Hexenal und hexanal bei 10-2, 10-3und 10-410-5zu verdünnen.</li>
		<li>Bereiten Sie Pasteur Röhren tragen die Reize: Pasteur Röhren Filterpapier Streifen (2 cm lang, 0,5 cm breit) einfügen, Filterpapier Streifen die verdünnte Reiz-Lösungen (jeweils 10 µl) hinzu, und stecken Sie dann die Pasteur-Rohren mit Pipettenspitzen (1 ml).</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Bereiten Sie das Insekt
	<ol>
<li>Hintere Heuschrecken (Locusta Migratoria) mit frischen Weizen Sämlinge unter beengten Verhältnissen bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 60 % und einer Temperatur von 28-30 ° C eine Photoperiode von 18:6 h (Licht: dunkel). Wählen Sie 1 bis 3 Tage alte 5th instar Heuschrecke Nymphen und die Antennen mit einer feinen Schere um Störungen zu vermeiden, bei der Aufnahme zu entfernen.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Vorbereitung des Heuschrecke maxillaris spürbare Halters
	<ol>
<li>Verwenden Sie einen Objektträger (25 x 75 mm) als Basis für den Oberkiefer spürbare Halter (MPH). Ein Plastikteil (1 mm in der Höhe, Breite, 35 mm in der Länge von 10 mm) in eine Ecke des gläsernen Objektträger mit doppelseitigem Klebeband befestigen, und schließlich ein Deckglas (18 x 18 mm) auf das Plastikteil mit doppelseitigem Klebeband befestigen. Legen Sie ein kleines Stück rote Gummiband auf dem Deckglas als eine Anti-Rutsch-Schicht. Das Plastikteil und dem Deckglas bilden die Plattform für die Heuschrecke spürbare. Die Höhe der Plattform beträgt ca. 1,5 mm.</li>
		<li>Installieren einen wolframdraht (Durchmesser von 0,125 mm, Länge 36 mm) in einem Abstand von 1,5 mm parallel zur inneren Rand der Plattform. Befestigen Sie die beiden Enden des Drahtes auf der Plattform mit doppelseitigem Klebeband.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. Vorbereitung der Locust maxillaris Palpen
<ol><li>Ein Zentrifugenröhrchen (1,5 ml) vertikal in zwei Hälften geschnitten und unten abgeschnitten. Legen Sie die Heuschrecken in das vorbereitete Röhrchen. Lassen Sie die ventrale Region und den Kopf der Heuschrecke ausgesetzt. Befestigen Sie die Versammlung auf dem Objektträger mit doppelseitigem Klebeband (Abbildung 2A).</li>
	<li>Ziehen Sie die richtige maxillaris spürbare auf die Plattform.</li>
	<li>Das vierte Segment der spürbare gefährden Sie der wolframdraht. Platzieren Sie Klebstoff Kitt auf jeder Seite der wolframdraht, ca. 2 mm aus dem Oberkiefer spürbare (Abb. 2A und 2 b).</li>
</ol>3. single Sensillum Aufnahmen
<ol><li>Legen Sie die Heuschrecke maxillaris spürbare Vorbereitung unter dem Mikroskop an einer niedrigen Vergrößerung (100 X). Passen Sie die Position der Vorbereitung, bis die spürbare senkrecht an die Aufnahme-Elektrode (Abb. 3A).</li>
	<li>Die Locust-Auge mit einem Mikromanipulator einfügen Sie Bezugselektrode (Wolfram-Elektrode). Verschieben Sie die Aufnahme-Elektrode (Wolfram-Elektrode) in der Nähe der Oberkiefer spürbare mit Mikromanipulator (Abb. 3 b und 3 C).</li>
	<li>Passen Sie den Geruch abgabegerät um ca. 1 cm aus dem Oberkiefer spürbare (Abb. 3 b).</li>
	<li>Öffnen Sie die Aufnahmesoftware Auto Spike 32. Die Aufnahmeparameter wie folgt festgelegt: die Aufnahme-Skala auf 500 µV; der hohe Cutoff des Filters auf 300 Hz, den niedrigen Grenzwert auf 200 Hz; und der Pretrigger auf 10 s.</li>
	<li>Verbinden Sie die Aufnahme-Elektrode, ein 10 x universal AC/DC Verstärker.</li>
	<li>Schalten Sie das Mikroskop auf eine hohe Vergrößerung (500 X). Legen Sie die Aufnahme-Elektrode in den unteren Teil ein Basiconic Sensillum auf den Oberkiefer spürbare und fein einstellen der Aufnahme-Elektrode um gute spontane Spikes (Abbildung 3D) zu erhalten.</li>
	<li>Öffnen Sie die Impuls-Controller, um einen kontinuierlichen Luftstrom bei 20 ml liefern/s. Stellen Stimulation 1 S. Rekord-Signale für 10 s, ab 10 s vor dem Beginn der Reiz Puls.</li>
	<li>Verwenden Sie einen 10 X universal AC/DC Verstärker, um die Signale zu verstärken. Füttern Sie die Signale in den anderen 4. Analysieren Sie die Signale mit der Auto-Spike-32-Software. AC-Signale sind Bandpass gefiltert zwischen 200 bis 300 Hz. Verwendung Auto Spike 32 um Peak-Trog Amplituden von Geräuschen zu unterscheiden. Berechnen Sie die Antworten der Neuronen als der Anstieg des Aktionspotentials Frequenzen (Spikes pro Sekunde) über die spontane Frequenzen. Führen Sie eine statistische Analyse mit GraphPad Prism 7.</li>
</ol>

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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophysiological+measurements+from+a+moth+olfactory+system.">Electrophysiological measurements from a moth olfactory system.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 49, e2489 (2011).</li><li>Saha, D., Leong, K., Katta, N., Raman, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-unit+recording+methods+to+characterize+neural+activity+in+the+locust+(Schistocerca+Americana)+olfactory+circuits.">Multi-unit recording methods to characterize neural activity in the locust (Schistocerca Americana) olfactory circuits.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 71, e50139 (2013).</li><li>Liu, F., Liu, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+single+sensillum+recording+to+detect+olfactory+neuron+responses+of+bed+bugs+to+semiochemicals.">Using single sensillum recording to detect olfactory neuron responses of bed bugs to semiochemicals.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 107, e53337 (2016).</li></ol>

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Insekten setzen auf Palpen, Lebensmittel Gerüche zu erkennen, und ihre Palpen werden geglaubt, um eine wichtige Rolle in der Artbildung13,27. Die Palpen sind einfache Riechorgan und zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit erhalten, wie ein attraktives Modell für die Erforschung der Neuromolecular zugrunde liegenden Chemosensation28-Netzwerke.
Labellar Insekt und spürbare SSRs wurden am Drosophila Melanogaster,...

Tiere haben eine Reihe von chemosensorische Organe entwickelt, die exogene chemische Signale zu spüren. Bei Insekten sind die wichtigsten chemosensorische Organe der Antennen und der Palpen. Auf diese Organe sind mehrere Arten von chemosensorische Haare, genannt chemosensorische Sensillen durch chemosensorische Neuronen (CSNs) in die Haare innerviert. CSNs in chemosensorische Sensillen erkennen spezifische chemische Signale durch Signaltransduktion durch chemische Reize in elektrische Potentiale, die anschließend bis zum zentralen Nervensystem1,2,3 übertragen werden .
CSNs express verschiedene chemosensorische Rezeptoren [z. B.Geruchsstoff Rezeptoren (ORs)], Ionotropic Rezeptoren (IRs) und geschmackliche Rezeptoren (GRs) auf ihre Membranen, die exogene chemische Signale, die verbunden sind mit verschiedenen Arten von Chemosensation Codieren 4,5,6. Die Charakterisierung der CSNs ist entscheidend für die Aufklärung der zellulären und molekularen Mechanismen der Insekten Hemmstoffe. Jetzt einzelne Sensillum Aufnahme (SSR) eine weit verbreitete Technik ist für die Charakterisierung von Insekt CSNs in die antennalen Sensillen viele Insekten, darunter7fliegen, Käfer Motten8,9, Blattläuse10, Heuschrecken11, und Ameisen-12. Jedoch nur wenige Studien haben angewendet eine SSR Insekt Palpen13,14,15,16,17, weil die besonderen Strukturen ihre Sensillen machen eine Elektrophysiologische Aufnahme schwer18.
Schwärme von Heuschrecken (Orthopteren) verursachen oft schwere Ernteschäden und Vermögensschäden19. Die Palpen sind vermutlich eine wichtige Rolle in der Lebensmittel-Auswahl von Heuschrecken20,21,22,23,24. Zwei Arten von chemosensorische Sensillen werden mit einem Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) untersucht. In der Regel werden 350 Sensillen Chaetica und 7-8 Sensillen Basiconica auf jede Kuppel der Heuschrecke Palpen18beobachtet. Sensillen Chaetica sind geschmackliche Sensillen, die nicht-flüchtigen chemischen Signale, Sinn, während Sensillen Basiconica haben eine olfaktorische Funktion, sensing flüchtige chemische Signale.
Heuschrecke Palpen, die Durchmesser der Haare Buchsen der Sensillen Basiconica (ca. 12 µm), sind viel größer als die Sensillen Chaetica (ca. 8 µm)18,25. Die kutikulären Wand Sensillen Basiconica auf der Palpen ist viel dicker als die antennalen Sensillen18. Darüber hinaus hat die Kuppel der spürbare flüssigen Inhalt innerhalb einer hochflexiblen Kutikula. Diese Eigenschaften bedeuten, dass eine Penetration mit einer Mikroelektrode und dem Erwerb einer guten elektrophysiologischen Signalen schwieriger als bei antennalen Sensillen ist. In diesem Papier wird eine detaillierte und hochwirksame SSR-Protokoll für die Heuschrecke spürbare Sensillen Basiconica mit einem Video präsentiert.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Tungsten wire</td><td>ADVENT</td><td>W559504</td><td>Used for making the electrode and fixing the palp</td></tr><tr><td>NaNO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-aldrich</td><td>563218-25G</td><td>Used for sharpening the tungsten wire</td></tr><tr><td>AC Power Supply</td><td>Syntech</td><td>A2-70</td><td>Providing the voltage in sharpening the tungsten wire</td></tr><tr><td>Stereoscope</td><td>Motic</td><td>SMZ-163</td><td>Used for observing the sharpening of tungsten wire</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>W-51</td><td>Used for observing the sensilla on locust maxillary palp</td></tr><tr><td>Intelligent Data Acquisition Controller</td><td>Syntech</td><td>IDAC-4</td><td>Real-time on screen display of all signals before and during recording</td></tr><tr><td>Stimulus controller</td><td>Syntech</td><td>CS-55</td><td>Used for controlling the stimulus application</td></tr><tr><td>Electronic micromanipulator</td><td>C.M.D.T</td><td>CFT-8301D</td><td>Used for minor movement of the recording electrode</td></tr><tr><td>Micromanipulator</td><td>Narishige</td><td>MN-151</td><td>Used for minor movement of the reference electrode</td></tr><tr><td>Speaker</td><td>EDIFIER</td><td>R101T06</td><td>Connected with IDAC-4 and providing sound for the signal</td></tr><tr><td>Magnetic base</td><td>PDOK</td><td>PD-101</td><td>Used to hold the electrode, and stimulus delivery tube</td></tr><tr><td>Vibration Isolation Table</td><td>TianHe</td><td>HAP-100-1208</td><td>Used for isolating the vibration from the equipment</td></tr><tr><td>Glass slide</td><td>CITOGLAS</td><td>ZBP-407</td><td>Used for making the base for the MPH</td></tr><tr><td>Blu-tack</td><td>Bostik</td><td>Blu-tack-45g</td><td>Fixing the tungsten wire</td></tr><tr><td>Pasteur tube</td><td>YARE</td><td>WITEG</td><td>Placing the filter paper containing stimuli stimulus solutions</td></tr></tbody></table>

single sensillum recordings for locust palp sensilla basiconica

Die Palpen Heuschrecke Mundwerkzeuge gelten als konventionelle geschmackliche Organe, die eine wichtige in einer Heuschrecke Auswahl an Speisen, vor allem für die Erkennung von nicht-flüchtigen chemischen Signale durch Sensillen Chaetica Rolle (zuvor genannten terminal Sensillen (oder crested Sensillen). Es gibt nun immer mehr Hinweise darauf, dass diese Palpen auch eine olfaktorische Funktion haben. Ein Duftstoff-Rezeptor (LmigOR2) und ein Duftstoff-bindendes Protein (LmigOBP1) haben in den Neuronen und Zubehör Zellen, bzw. in die Sensillen Basiconica von der Palpen lokalisiert wurden. Einzelne Sensillum Aufnahme (SSR) dient zur Erfassung der Antworten der Geruchsstoff Rezeptor Neuronen, ist eine effektive Methode für das screening von aktiven Liganden auf bestimmten Geruchsstoff Rezeptoren. SSR wird in funktionelle Studien der Geruchsstoff Rezeptoren in spürbare Sensillen verwendet. Die Struktur der die Sensillen Basiconica befindet sich auf der Kuppel der Palpen unterscheidet sich etwas von der Struktur von denen auf den Antennen. Daher kann bei der Durchführung eines SSR, hervorgerufen durch Geruchsstoffe einige spezifische Beratung für optimale Ergebnisse hilfreich sein. In diesem Papier wird eine detaillierte und hochwirksame Protokoll für ein SSR von Insekten spürbare Sensillen Basiconica eingeführt.

Zwei Sensillen Subtypen (pb1 und pb2) auf die Heuschrecke maxillaris spürbare werden identifiziert basierend auf andere Antwort Dynamik chemischer Geruchsstoffe (10 % 1-Nonanol und 10 % Nonanoic Säure). Die Nervenzellen im pb1 produzieren deutlich mehr Spitzen, 1-Nonanol als Nonanoic Säure während der Neuronen in pb2 deutlich weniger durch 1-Nonanol verglichen mit Nonanoic Säure (Abbildung 4) aktiviert sind. Hexanal und E-2-Hexenal kann eine Heuschrecke ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single Sensillum Recordings for Locust Palp Sensilla Basiconica at JoVE.com

Single Sensillum Recordings for Locust Palp Sensilla Basiconica

Dieses Whitepaper beschreibt eine detaillierte und hochwirksame Protokoll für einzelne Sensillum Aufnahmen aus den Sensillen Basiconica auf die Palpen Insekt Mundwerkzeuge.

Einzelne Sensillum Aufnahmen für Locust spürbare Sensillen Basiconica

The palps of locust mouthparts are considered to be conventional gustatory organs that play an important role in a locust&#39;s food selection, especially ...

single-sensillum-recordings-for-locust-palp-sensilla-basiconica

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

8.1K Aufrufe.  China Agricultural University. Dieses Whitepaper beschreibt eine detaillierte und hochwirksame Protokoll für einzelne Sensillum Aufnahmen aus den Sensillen Basiconica auf die Palpen Insekt Mundwerkzeuge.

Serie: Single Sensillum Recordings for Locust Palp Sensilla Basiconica

Single Sensillum Recordings in the Insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

The sense of smell is essential for insects to find foods, mates, predators, and oviposition sites3. Insect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are enclosed in sensory hairs called sensilla, which cover the surface of olfactory organs. The surface of each sensillum is covered with tiny pores, through which odorants pass and dissolve in a fluid called sensillum lymph, which bathes the sensory dendrites of the OSNs housed in a given sensillum. The OSN dendrites express odorant receptor (OR) proteins, which in insects function as odor-gated ion channels4, 5. The interaction of odorants with ORs either increases or decreases the basal firing rate of the OSN. This neuronal activity in the form of action potentials embodies the first representation of the quality, intensity, and temporal characteristics of the odorant6, 7.
Given the easy access to these sensory hairs, it is possible to perform extracellular recordings from single OSNs by introducing a recording electrode into the sensillum lymph, while the reference electrode is placed in the lymph of the eye or body of the insect. In Drosophila, sensilla house between one and four OSNs, but each OSN typically displays a characteristic spike amplitude. Spike sorting techniques make it possible to assign spiking responses to individual OSNs. This single sensillum recording (SSR) technique monitors the difference in potential between the sensillum lymph and the reference electrode as electrical spikes that are generated by the receptor activity on OSNs1, 2, 8. Changes in the number of spikes in response to the odorant represent the cellular basis of odor coding in insects. Here, we describe the preparation method currently used in our lab to perform SSR on Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae, and show representative traces induced by the odorants in a sensillum-specific manner.

Single Sensillum Recordings in the Insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

Electrophysiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons to odorants can be measured in insects using single sensillum recordings. In this video article we will demonstrate how to perform single sensillum recordings in the antennae of the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the maxillary palps of the malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae).

Einzel Sensillum Recordings in der Insekten Drosophila melanogaster Und Anopheles gambiae</em

The sense of smell is essential for insects to find foods, mates, predators, and oviposition sites3. Insect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are enclosed ...

Forschung

Neurowissenschaften

Electrophysiological Measurements from a Moth Olfactory System

Insect olfactory systems provide unique opportunities for recording odorant-induced responses in the forms of electroantennograms (EAG) and single sensillum recordings (SSR), which are summed responses from all odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) located on the antenna and from those housed in individual sensilla, respectively. These approaches have been exploited for getting a better understanding of insect chemical communication. The identified stimuli can then be used as either attractants or repellents in management strategies for insect pests.

Insect olfactory systems provide unique opportunities for recording odorant-induced responses in the forms of electroantennograms (EAG) and single sensillum recordings (SSR), which are summed responses from all odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) located on the antenna and from those housed in individual sensilla, respectively.

Elektrophysiologische Messungen von einer Moth Riechsystem

Insect olfactory systems provide unique opportunities for recording odorant-induced responses in the forms of electroantennograms (EAG) and single ...

Electrophysiology of Scorpion Peg Sensilla

We describe a modification of an existing tip-recording technique1,2 for electrophysiologically investigating short, peg-like sensory sensilla3,4. On the mid-ventral surface of all scorpions are two appendages called pectines, which have dense fields of mechano- and chemosensory peg sensilla5,6. One method for assessing chemoresponsiveness of these sensilla uses a tungsten electrode for extracellularly recording neural activity within a sensillum as a volatile odorant is introduced to the sensory field5,7. The limitations of this method include slow data collection and uncontrolled stimulant introduction to, and removal from, the peg field. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new tip-recording technique that uses nonpolar mineral oil as a medium through which to deliver water-based tastants to individual peg sensilla8,9. We have successfully applied this method to obtain sensillar chemoresponses to citric acid, ethanol, and salt. Here we describe the experimental protocol for such a study9. We think this new method may be useful for studying the response properties of other arthropod chemosensory systems, including those of insects10, 11 and crustaceans12.

This article describes an electrophysiological method for isolating chemical stimulation to individual sensilla via extracellular, tip-recordings under mineral oil.

Elektrophysiologie des Scorpion Peg Sensillen

We describe a modification of an existing tip-recording technique1,2 for electrophysiologically investigating short, peg-like sensory sensilla3,4. On the ...

Sample Preparation Method of Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope for the Appendages of Woodboring Beetle

This report described sample preparation methods that scanning and transmission electron microscope observations, demonstrated by preparing appendages of the woodboring beetle, Chlorophorus caragana Xie &#38; Wang (2012), for both types of electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sample preparation protocol was based on sample chemical fixation, dehydration in a series of ethanol baths, drying, and sputter-coating. By adding Tween 20 (Polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate) to the fixative and the wash solution, the insect body surface of woodboring beetle was washed more cleanly in SEM. This study&#39;s transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation involved a series of steps including fixation, ethanol dehydration, embedding in resin, positioning using fluorescence microscopy, sectioning, and staining. Fixative with Tween 20 enabled penetrate the insect body wall of woodboring beetle more easily than it would had been without Tween 20, and subsequently better fixed tissues and organs in the body, thus yielded clear transmission electron microscope observations of insect sensilla ultrastructures. The next step of this preparation was determining the positions of insect sensilla in the sample embedded in the resin block by using fluorescence microscopy to increase the precision of target sensilla positioning. This improved slicing accuracy.

In order to observe ultrastructure of insect sensilla, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively) sample preparation protocol were presented in the study. Tween 20 was added into the fixative to avoid sample deformation in SEM. Fluorescence microscopy was helpful for improving slicing accuracy in TEM.

Probenvorbereitungsmethode des Raster- und Transmissionselektronenmikroskops für die Anhänge von Woodboring Beetle

This report described sample preparation methods that scanning and transmission electron microscope observations, demonstrated by preparing appendages of ...

Umwelt

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar olfactory systems suggesting that the biological approach to chemical sensing has been optimized over evolutionary time1. In the insect olfactory system, odorants are transduced by olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) in the antenna, which convert chemical stimuli into trains of action potentials. Sensory input from the ORNs is then relayed to the antennal lobe (AL; a structure analogous to the vertebrate olfactory bulb). In the AL, neural representations for odors take the form of spatiotemporal firing patterns distributed across ensembles of principal neurons (PNs; also referred to as projection neurons)2,3. The AL output is subsequently processed by Kenyon cells (KCs) in the downstream mushroom body (MB), a structure associated with olfactory memory and learning4,5. Here, we present electrophysiological recording techniques to monitor odor-evoked neural responses in these olfactory circuits.
First, we present a single sensillum recording method to study odor-evoked responses at the level of populations of ORNs6,7. We discuss the use of saline filled sharpened glass pipettes as electrodes to extracellularly monitor ORN responses. Next, we present a method to extracellularly monitor PN responses using a commercial 16-channel electrode3. A similar approach using a custom-made 8-channel twisted wire tetrode is demonstrated for Kenyon cell recordings8. We provide details of our experimental setup and present representative recording traces for each of these techniques.

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

We demonstrate variations of the extracellular multi-unit recording technique to characterize odor-evoked responses in the first three stages of the invertebrate olfactory pathway. These techniques can easily be adapted to examine ensemble activity in other neural systems as well.

Multi-unit Recording Methoden zur neuronalen Aktivität in der Locust Charakterisieren (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Olfaktorische Circuits

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Electrophysiological Recording From Drosophila Labellar Taste Sensilla

The peripheral taste response of insects can be powerfully investigated with electrophysiological techniques. The method described here allows the researcher to measure gustatory responses directly and quantitatively, reflecting the sensory input that the insect nervous system receives from taste stimuli in its environment. This protocol outlines all key steps in performing this technique. The critical steps in assembling an electrophysiology rig, such as selection of necessary equipment and a suitable environment for recording, are delineated. We also describe how to prepare for recording by making appropriate reference and recording electrodes, and tastant solutions. We describe in detail the method used for preparing the insect by insertion of a glass reference electrode into the fly in order to immobilize the proboscis. We show traces of the electrical impulses fired by taste neurons in response to a sugar and a bitter compound. Aspects of the protocol are technically challenging and we include an extensive description of some common technical challenges that may be encountered, such as lack of signal or excessive noise in the system, and potential solutions. The technique has limitations, such as the inability to deliver temporally complex stimuli, observe background firing immediately prior to stimulus delivery, or use water-insoluble taste compounds conveniently. Despite these limitations, this technique (including minor variations referenced in the protocol) is a standard, broadly accepted procedure for recording Drosophila neuronal responses to taste compounds.

Electrophysiological Recording From Drosophila Labellar Taste Sensilla

This protocol describes extracellular recording of the action potential responses fired by labellar taste neurons in Drosophila.

Elektrophysiologische Aufnehmen von<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Labellar Geschmack Sensillen

The peripheral taste response of insects can be powerfully investigated with electrophysiological techniques. The method described here allows the ...

Using Single Sensillum Recording to Detect Olfactory Neuron Responses of Bed Bugs to Semiochemicals

The insect olfactory system plays an important role in detecting semiochemicals in the environment. In particular, the antennal sensilla which house single or multiple neurons inside, are considered to make the major contribution in responding to the chemical stimuli. By directly recording action potential in the olfactory sensillum after exposure to stimuli, single sensillum recording (SSR) technique provides a powerful approach for investigating the neural responses of insects to chemical stimuli. For the bed bug, which is a notorious human parasite, multiple types of olfactory sensillum have been characterized. In this study, we demonstrated neural responses of bed bug olfactory sensilla to two chemical stimuli and the dose-dependent responses to one of them using the SSR method. This approach enables researchers to conduct early screening for individual chemical stimuli on the bed bug olfactory sensilla, which would provide valuable information for the development of new bed bug attractants or repellents and benefits the bed bug control efforts.

Bed bugs rely on olfactory receptor neurons housed in their antennal olfactory sensilla to detect semiochemicals in the environment. Utilizing single sensillum recording, we demonstrate a method to evaluate bed bug response to semiochemicals and explore the coding process involved.

Verwenden von Einzel Sensillum Aufnahme auf Riech Neuron Antworten von Bed Bugs zu Semiochemicals Detect

The insect olfactory system plays an important role in detecting semiochemicals in the environment. In particular, the antennal sensilla which house ...

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Insects have evolved sophisticated olfactory reception systems to sense exogenous chemical signals. These chemical signals are transduced by Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs) housed in hair-like structures, called chemosensilla, of the antennae. On the ORNs&#39; membranes, Odorant Receptors (ORs) are believed to be involved in odor coding. Thus, being able to identify genes localized to the ORNs is necessary to recognize OR genes, and provides a fundamental basis for further functional in situ studies. The RNA expression levels of specific ORs in insect antennae are very low, and preserving insect tissue for histology is challenging. Thus, it is difficult to localize an OR to a specific type of sensilla using RNA in situ hybridization. In this paper, a detailed and highly effective RNA in situ hybridization protocol particularly for lowly expressed OR genes of insects, is introduced. In addition, a specific OR gene was identified by conducting double-color fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments using a co-expressing receptor gene, Orco, as a marker.

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

This paper describes a detailed and highly effective RNA in situ hybridization protocol particularly for low-level expressed Odorant Receptor (OR) genes, as well as other genes, in insect antennae using digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled or biotin-labeled probes.

Lokalisierung von Odorant-Rezeptor-Genen in Locust-Antennen durch RNA<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hybridisierung

Insects have evolved sophisticated olfactory reception systems to sense exogenous chemical signals. These chemical signals are transduced by Olfactory ...

Electrophysiological Recording from Drosophila Trichoid Sensilla in Response to Odorants of Low Volatility

Insects rely on their sense of smell to guide a wide range of behaviors that are critical for their survival, such as food-seeking, predator avoidance, oviposition, and mating. Myriad chemicals of varying volatilities have been identified as natural odorants that activate insect Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs). However, studying the olfactory responses to low-volatility odorants has been hampered by an inability to effectively present such stimuli using conventional odor-delivery methods. Here, we describe a procedure that permits the effective presentation of low-volatility odorants for in vivo Single-Sensillum Recording (SSR). By minimizing the distance between the odor source and the target tissue, this method allows for the application of biologically salient but hitherto inaccessible odorants, including palmitoleic acid, a stimulatory pheromone with a demonstrated effect on ORNs involved in courtship and mating behavior1. Our procedure thus affords a new avenue to assay a host of low-volatility odorants for the study of insect olfaction and pheromone communication.

Electrophysiological Recording from Drosophila Trichoid Sensilla in Response to Odorants of Low Volatility

The overall goal of this protocol is to demonstrate how to present odorants of low volatility for single-sensillum recording from Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons that respond to long-chain cuticular pheromones.

Elektrophysiologische Aufzeichnung von<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Trichoid Sensilla in Reaktion auf Odoranten der niedrigen Volatilität

Insects rely on their sense of smell to guide a wide range of behaviors that are critical for their survival, such as food-seeking, predator avoidance, ...

Eine neuartige Methode zur verbesserten Analyse der Geschmacksneuronenaktivität von Insekten

Base Recording: A Technique for Analyzing Responses of Taste Neurons in Drosophila

Insects taste the external world through taste hairs, or sensilla, that have pores at their tips. When a sensillum comes into contact with a potential food source, compounds from the food source enter through the pore and activate neurons within. For over 50 years, these responses have been recorded using a technique called tip recording. However, this method has major limitations, including the inability to measure neural activity before or after stimulus contact and the requirement for tastants to be soluble in aqueous solutions. We describe here a technique that we call base recording, which overcomes these limitations. Base recording allows the measurement of taste neuron activity before, during, and after the stimulus. Thus, it allows extensive analysis of OFF responses that occur after a taste stimulus. It can be used to study hydrophobic compounds such as long-chain pheromones that have very low solubility in water. In summary, base recording offers the advantages of single-sensillum electrophysiology as a means of measuring neuronal activity - high spatial and temporal resolution, without the need for genetic tools - and overcomes key limitations of the traditional tip recording technique.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Fortschritte in der Chemorezeption – von Insekten-Geruchsrezeptoren zu nicht-kodierenden RNAs

A rarely used method of electrophysiological recording, base recording, allows analysis of features of taste coding that cannot be examined by conventional recording methods. Base recording also allows the analysis of taste responses to hydrophobic stimuli that cannot be studied using traditional electrophysiological methods.

Base Recording: Eine Technik zur Analyse der Reaktionen von Geschmacksneuronen in Drosophila

Insects taste the external world through taste hairs, or sensilla, that have pores at their tips. When a sensillum comes into contact with a potential ...

Einzelne Sensillum Aufnahmen für Locust spürbare Sensillen Basiconica

Zusammenfassung

Weitere Videos entdecken

Kapitel in diesem Video

Einzel Sensillum Recordings in der Insekten Drosophila melanogaster Und Anopheles gambiae

Elektrophysiologische Messungen von einer Moth Riechsystem

Elektrophysiologie des Scorpion Peg Sensillen

Probenvorbereitungsmethode des Raster- und Transmissionselektronenmikroskops für die Anhänge von Woodboring Beetle

Multi-unit Recording Methoden zur neuronalen Aktivität in der Locust Charakterisieren (

Elektrophysiologische Aufnehmen von

Verwenden von Einzel Sensillum Aufnahme auf Riech Neuron Antworten von Bed Bugs zu Semiochemicals Detect

Lokalisierung von Odorant-Rezeptor-Genen in Locust-Antennen durch RNA

Elektrophysiologische Aufzeichnung von

Base Recording: Eine Technik zur Analyse der Reaktionen von Geschmacksneuronen in Drosophila