Peptic ulcers are sores in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. The mucosal epithelium houses acid-secreting parietal and gastrin-secreting G cells. The ...

Peptic ulcer disease, or PUD, involves discontinuous gastrointestinal tract lining due to gastric acid or pepsin secretion. The mucus-bicarbonate barrier ...

Two of the main contributors to peptic ulcer formation are H. pylori infections or NSAID use, both facilitating gastric acid production. Gastric acid is ...

Histamine H2 receptors are G protein-coupled receptors located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells. Histamine released from ECL cells binds to ...

In the gastric lumen, increased acid secretion can form or exacerbate ulcers in the mucosal layer. Carbonate antacids, like sodium bicarbonate and calcium ...

Recall that increased acid secretion in the gastric lumen disrupts mucosal defense mechanisms and weakens the mucus-bicarbonate barrier. This enables ...

The gastric mucosa majorly produces prostaglandin E2 and I2 to protect cells from mucosal injury. These bind to EP3 receptors, which couple with ...

Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori, a gram-negative bacillus, thrives in the stomach's acidic environment, impairing somatostatin production. This ...