We give special thanks to Ezra Lyon, Eliot Zhu, Michele Wing, Esko Kautto and Eric Samorodnitsky for technical support. We would also like to thank Jenny Badillo for her administrative support for our team. We acknowledge the Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) for providing disk space, processing capacity, and support to run our analyses. We thank the Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center for their administrative support of this work. S.R. and Team are supported by the American Cancer Society (MRSG-12-194-01-TBG), a Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award, NHGRI (UM1HG006508-01A1), Fore Cancer Research Foundation, American Lung Association, and Pelotonia.

<ol>
	<li>Wang, Z., Gerstein, M., Snyder, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA-Seq:+a+revolutionary+tool+for+transcriptomics.">RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 10, 57-63 (2009).</li><li>Mercer, T. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+sequencing+for+gene+discovery+and+quantification+using+RNA+CaptureSeq.">Targeted sequencing for gene discovery and quantification using RNA CaptureSeq.</a> Nat Protoc. 9, 989-1009 (2014).</li><li>Maher, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chimeric+transcript+discovery+by+paired-end+transcriptome+sequencing.">Chimeric transcript discovery by paired-end transcriptome sequencing.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106, 12353-12358 (2009).</li><li>Piskol, R., Ramaswami, G., Li, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reliable+identification+of+genomic+variants+from+RNA-seq+data.">Reliable identification of genomic variants from RNA-seq data.</a> Am J Hum Genet. 93, 641-651 (2013).</li><li>Quinn, E. 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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA-SeQC:+RNA-seq+metrics+for+quality+control+and+process+optimization.">RNA-SeQC: RNA-seq metrics for quality control and process optimization.</a> Bioinformatics. 28, 1530-1532 (2012).</li><li>Dobin, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STAR:+ultrafast+universal+RNA-seq+aligner.">STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner.</a> Bioinformatics. 29, 15-21 (2013).</li><li>Van der Auwera, G. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+FastQ+data+to+high+confidence+variant+calls:+the+Genome+Analysis+Toolkit+best+practices+pipeline.">From FastQ data to high confidence variant calls: the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practices pipeline.</a> Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 11, 11.10.1-11.10.33 (2013).</li><li>Trapnell, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcript+assembly+and+quantification+by+RNA-Seq+reveals+unannotated+transcripts+and+isoform+switching+during+cell+differentiation.">Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 28, 511-515 (2010).</li><li>Iyer, M. K., Chinnaiyan, A. M., Maher, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ChimeraScan:+a+tool+for+identifying+chimeric+transcription+in+sequencing+data.">ChimeraScan: a tool for identifying chimeric transcription in sequencing data.</a> Bioinformatics. 27, 2903-2904 (2011).</li><li>Kim, D., Salzberg, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TopHat-Fusion:+an+algorithm+for+discovery+of+novel+fusion+transcripts.">TopHat-Fusion: an algorithm for discovery of novel fusion transcripts.</a> Genome Biol. 12, R72 (2011).</li><li>Fernandez-Cuesta, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+novel+fusion+genes+in+lung+cancer+using+breakpoint+assembly+of+transcriptome+sequencing+data.">Identification of novel fusion genes in lung cancer using breakpoint assembly of transcriptome sequencing data.</a> Genome Biol. 16, 7 (2015).</li><li>Shugay, M., Ortiz de Mendibil, ., Vizmanos, I., L, J., Novo, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncofuse:+a+computational+framework+for+the+prediction+of+the+oncogenic+potential+of+gene+fusions.">Oncofuse: a computational framework for the prediction of the oncogenic potential of gene fusions.</a> Bioinformatics. 29, 2539-2546 (2013).</li><li>Clark, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+gene+profiling+of+long+noncoding+RNAs+with+targeted+RNA+sequencing.">Quantitative gene profiling of long noncoding RNAs with targeted RNA sequencing.</a> Nat Methods. 12, 339-342 (2015).</li><li>Cieslik, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+exome+capture+RNA-seq+for+highly+degraded+RNA+with+application+to+clinical+cancer+sequencing.">The use of exome capture RNA-seq for highly degraded RNA with application to clinical cancer sequencing.</a> Genome Res. , (2015).</li><li>Cabanski, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=cDNA+hybrid+capture+improves+transcriptome+analysis+on+low-input+and+archived+samples.">cDNA hybrid capture improves transcriptome analysis on low-input and archived samples.</a> J Mol Diagn. 16, 440-451 (2014).</li><li>Costa, C., Gimenez-Capitan, A., Karachaliou, N., Rosell, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+molecular+screening:+from+the+RT-PCR+to+the+RNA-seq.">Comprehensive molecular screening: from the RT-PCR to the RNA-seq.</a> Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2, 87-91 (2013).</li><li>Zhao, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+RNA-Seq+by+poly+(A)+capture,+ribosomal+RNA+depletion,+and+DNA+microarray+for+expression+profiling.">Comparison of RNA-Seq by poly (A) capture, ribosomal RNA depletion, and DNA microarray for expression profiling.</a> BMC Genomics. 15, 419 (2014).</li></ol>

S.R. receives funding from Novartis and Ariad Pharmaceuticals for conduct of clinical trials. S.R. immediate family members own stock in Johnson and Johnson.

RNAseq Yakalama RNAseq ve mikroarray arasında bir ara stratejisi transcriptome bir bölümüne değerlendirmek için yaklaşımlarının. Yakalama avantajları genomik değişikliklerin bir masaüstü sequencer, yüksek verimlilik ve algılama maliyeti, hızlı gerçekleştirme süresi azaltılmış sayılabilir. Yöntem olup, kodlayıcı olmayan RNA&#39;lar 23 karakterize tek bir nükleotidi tespit etmek için adapte edilebilir RNA bağlama incelemek ve genin füzyon ya da yapısal yeniden 24 tan...

Whole transcriptome or RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is an unbiased sequencing method to assess all RNA products. The goal of targeted RNAseq (Capture) is a focused evaluation of selected transcripts with increased sensitivity, dynamic range, reduced cost or scale, and increased throughput compared to standard RNAseq. Similar to standard RNAseq, targeted enrichment approaches can be used to evaluate gene expression, multiple RNA species such as mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), lncRNA1, other noncoding RNAs2, gene fusions3, and mutations4-6.
Capture involves hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides to enrich cDNA libraries for sequencing. The rationale for RNAseq Capture is similar to microarray approaches where complementary oligonucleotides or probes are hybridized to samples and then measured for relative abundance. For microarray technologies, expression is based on relative signal measured for transcripts binding to these probes. Microarrays are thus limited by range, potential background noise from non-specific binding, and cross-hybridization of probes. Furthermore, arrays have limited dynamic range for low and highly expressed transcripts compared to RNAseq1. Microarrays are widely utilized due to their reduced cost and high throughput capacity compared to RNAseq. 
Here, we demonstrate a method for RNAseq Capture that offers a middle ground between RNAseq and microarray approaches for evaluating the transcriptome. RNAseq Capture has intermediate throughput, greater dynamic range and sensitivity, and is scaled for fast turnaround on desktop sequencers. RNAseq Capture also requires reduced computational resources in terms of storage space and data processing.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Thermomixer R</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>21516-166</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge 5417R</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5417R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>miRNeasy Mini Kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>217004</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Molecular Biology Grade Ethanol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>E7023-6X500ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thermoblock 24 x 1.5 ml</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>21516-166</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MiSeq Reagent Kit v2 (300-cycles)</td><td>Illumina</td><td>MS-102-2002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MiSeq Desktop Sequencer</td><td>Illumina</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PhiX Control v3</td><td>Illumina</td><td>FC-110-3001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Kit with RiboZero Gold SetA</td><td>Illumina</td><td>RS-122-2301</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25 rxn xGen&amp;reg; Universal Blocking Oligo - TS-p5</td><td>IDT</td><td>127040822</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25 rxn xGen&amp;reg; Universal Blocking Oligo - TS-p7(6nt)</td><td>IDT</td><td>127040823</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25 rxn xGen&amp;reg; Universal Blocking Oligo - TS-p7(8nt)</td><td>IDT</td><td>127040824</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agencourt&amp;reg; AMPure&amp;reg; XP - PCR Purification beads&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Beckman-Coulter</td><td>A63880</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dynabeads&amp;reg; M-270 Streptavidin</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>65305</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>COT Human DNA, Fluorometric Grade, 1 mg</td><td>Roche Applied Science</td><td>05480647001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qubit&amp;reg; Assay Tubes&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>Q32856</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qubit&amp;reg; dsDNA HS Assay Kit</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>Q32851</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SeqCap&amp;reg; EZ Hybridization and Wash Kits&amp;nbsp; (24 or 96 reactions)</td><td>Roche NimbleGen&amp;nbsp;</td><td>05634261001 or 05634253001&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Qubit&amp;reg; 2.0 Fluorometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>Q32866</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 x 2 ml IDTE pH 8.0 (1x TE Solution)</td><td>IDT</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tween20 BioXtra</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P7949-500ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuclease Free Water</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>AM9937</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C1000 Touch&amp;trade; Thermal Cycler with 96&amp;ndash;Well Fast Rection Module</td><td>Biorad</td><td>185-1196</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SeqCap EZ Hybridization and Wash Kits</td><td>Roche Applied Science</td><td>05634253001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SuperScript II Reverse Transcription 200 U/&amp;#956;l</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>18064-014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>D1000 ScreenTape</td><td>Agilent Technol. Inc.</td><td>5067-5582</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agencourt RNAClean XP - 40 ml</td><td>Beckman Coulter Inc</td><td>A63987</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNA ScreenTape</td><td>Agilent Technol. Inc.</td><td>5067-5576</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNA ScreenTape Ladder</td><td>Agilent Technol. Inc.</td><td>5067-5578</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNA ScreenTape Sample Buffer</td><td>Agilent Technol. Inc.</td><td>5067-5577</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Hydroxide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>72068-100ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DynaBeads MyOne Streptavidin T1</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>65602</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DYNAMAG -96 SIDE EACH</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>12331D</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C2432-1L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KAPA HotStart ReadyMix</td><td>KAPA Biosystems</td><td>KK2602</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NanoDrop 2000 Spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>My Block Mini Dry Bath</td><td>Benchmark</td><td>BSH200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>D1000 Reagents</td><td>Agilent Technol. Inc.</td><td>5067- 5583</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vacufuge Plus</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>022829861&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

targeted rna sequencing assay to characterize gene expression and genomic alterations

RNA dizi (RNAseq) gen ekspresyonunu, mutasyon, gen füzyonlarının ve kodlayıcı olmayan RNA&#39;lar algılamak ve karakterize etmek için kullanılabilir çok yönlü bir yöntemdir. 100,000,000 dizi okuma ve mRNA ve kodlayıcı olmayan RNA&#39;lar gibi birden fazla RNA ürünlerini içerebilir - Standart RNAseq 30 gerektirir. Biz hedefli RNAseq (yakalama) bir masaüstü sequencer kullanarak seçilen RNA ürünlerde odaklanmış bir çalışma izin nasıl gösterilmektedir. RNAseq yakalama aksi geleneksel RNAseq yöntemleri kullanılarak atlanabilir, Açıklama içermeyen düşük, ya da geçici olarak ifade transkript karakterize edilebilir. Burada hücre hatları, ribozomal RNA tükenmesi, cDNA sentezi, barkodlu kütüphane, bir masaüstü sequencer üzerinde melezleme ve hedeflenen transkript yakalanması ve multipleks sıralama hazırlanması RNA çıkarma açıklar. Biz de kalite kontrol değerlendirme, hizalama, füzyon algılama, gen ifadesi miktarının ve tek MBK tanımlanmasını içeren hesaplama analiz boru hattı, anahatleotide varyantları. Bu deney, gen ekspresyonunu, gen füzyonlarının ve mutasyonları tanımlamak için hedeflenmiş transkript dizilemesi için izin verir.

RNAseq Yakalama şematik bir vurgulama temel adım, Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterilmektedir. Bilinen mutasyonlar ile dört kanseri hücre RNAseq yakalama tekniği etkinliğini göstermek için kullanılmıştır (K562 ABL1 füzyon RET füzyon LC2 ile EOL1 PDGFRalpha füzyon ve oranda RT- ile 4 FGFR3 füzyon). Dört numune bir araya toplanmış ve 100 bp fastq dosyaları oluşturan bir masaüstü sıralayıcı, okur 2x ile sekanslandı. İns...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations at JoVE.com

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

We describe a targeted RNA sequencing-based method that includes preparation of indexed cDNA libraries, hybridization and capture with custom probes and data analysis to interrogate selected transcripts for gene expression, mutations, and gene fusions. Targeted RNAseq permits cost-effective, rapid evaluation of selected transcripts on a desktop sequencer.

RNA Sıralama Deneyi Gen İfade ve Genomik değişiklikleri tanımlamak için hedeflenen

RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is a versatile method that can be utilized to detect and characterize gene expression, mutations, gene fusions, and noncoding ...

targeted-rna-sequencing-assay-to-characterize-gene-expression-genomic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

10.3K Görüntüleme.  The Ohio State University. We describe a targeted RNA sequencing-based method that includes preparation of indexed cDNA libraries, hybridization and capture with custom probes and data analysis to interrogate selected transcripts for gene expression, mutations, and gene fusions. Targeted RNAseq permits cost-effective, rapid evaluation of selected transcripts on a desktop sequencer.

Video: Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Drug resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of cancer for both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Intrinsic or acquired resistance can be caused by a range of mechanisms, including increased drug elimination, decreased drug uptake, drug inactivation and alterations of drug targets. Recent data showed that other than by well-known genetic (mutation, amplification) and epigenetic (DNA hypermethylation, histone post-translational modification) modifications, drug resistance mechanisms might also be regulated by splicing aberrations. This is a rapidly growing field of investigation that deserves future attention in order to plan more effective therapeutic approaches. The protocol described in this paper is aimed at investigating the impact of aberrant splicing on drug resistance in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. To this goal, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of several in vitro models through RNA-seq and established a qRT-PCR based method to validate candidate genes. In particular, we evaluated the differential splicing of DDX5 and PKM transcripts. The aberrant splicing detected by the computational tool MATS was validated in leukemic cells, showing that different DDX5 splice variants are expressed in the parental vs. resistant cells. In these cells, we also observed a higher PKM2/PKM1 ratio, which was not detected in the Panc-1 gemcitabine-resistant counterpart compared to parental Panc-1 cells, suggesting a different mechanism of drug-resistance induced by gemcitabine exposure.

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Here we describe a protocol aimed at investigating the impact of aberrant splicing on drug resistance in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. To this goal, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of parental and resistant in vitro models through RNA-seq and established a qRT-PCR based method to validate candidate genes.

İlaç Direnci İlgili Roman Splice türevlerini algılamak için RNA sıralamayı kullanarak<em&gt; İn Vitro</em&gt; Kanser Modelleri

Drug resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of cancer for both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Intrinsic or acquired resistance ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Conventional next-generation sequencing techniques (NGS) have allowed for immense genomic characterization for over a decade. Specifically, NGS has been used to analyze the spectrum of clonal mutations in malignancy. Though far more efficient than traditional Sanger methods, NGS struggles with identifying rare clonal and subclonal mutations due to its high error rate of ~0.5&#8211;2.0%. Thus, standard NGS has a limit of detection for mutations that are &#62;0.02 variant allele fraction (VAF). While the clinical significance for mutations this rare in patients without known disease remains unclear, patients treated for leukemia have significantly improved outcomes when residual disease is &#60;0.0001 by flow cytometry. In order to mitigate this artefactual background of NGS, numerous methods have been developed. Here we describe a method for Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing (ECS), which involves tagging individual molecules with both a 16 bp random index for error-correction and an 8 bp patient-specific index for multiplexing. Our method can detect and track clonal mutations at variant allele fractions (VAFs) two orders of magnitude lower than the detection limit of NGS and as rare as 0.0001 VAF.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool for genomic characterization that is limited by the high error rate of the platform (~0.5&#8211;2.0%). We describe our methods of error-corrected sequencing that allow us to obviate the NGS error rate and detect mutations at variant allele fractions as rare as 0.0001.

Nadiren de olsa algılama hatası düzeltildi DNA ve RNA sıralama

Conventional next-generation sequencing techniques (NGS) have allowed for immense genomic characterization for over a decade. Specifically, NGS has been ...

Genetik

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other cancer cells, a fundamental characteristic of LC cells is unregulated proliferation and cell division. Inhibition of proliferation by halting cell cycle progression has been shown to be a promising approach for cancer treatment, including LC. 
miRNA therapeutics have emerged as important post-transcriptional gene regulators and are increasingly being studied for use in cancer treatment. In recent work, we utilized two miRNAs, miR-143 and miR-506, to regulate cell cycle progression. A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were transfected, gene expression alterations were analyzed, and apoptotic activity due to the treatment was finally analyzed. Downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were detected (i.e., CDK1, CDK4 and CDK6), and cell cycle halted at the G1/S and G2/M phase transitions. Pathway analysis indicated potential antiangiogenic activity of the treatment, which endows the approach with multifaceted activity. Here, described are the methodologies used to identify miRNA activity regarding cell cycle inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and effects of treatment on endothelial cells by inhibition of angiogenesis. It is hoped that the methods presented here will support future research on miRNA therapeutics and corresponding activity and that the representative data will guide other researchers during experimental analyses.

miRNA therapeutics have significant potential in regulating cancer progression. Demonstrated here are analytical approaches used for identification of the activity of a combinatorial miRNA treatment in halting cell cycle and angiogenesis.

Kombinatorik miRNA düzenleyen hücre döngüsü ve anjiogenezi tedavilere analizi

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other cancer cells, a fundamental characteristic of LC cells is ...

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

The development of new drugs that precisely target key proteins in human cancers is fundamentally altering cancer therapeutics. However, before these drugs can be used, their target proteins must be validated as therapeutic targets in specific cancer types. This validation is often performed by knocking out the gene encoding the candidate therapeutic target in a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model of cancer and determining what effect this has on tumor growth. Unfortunately, technical issues such as embryonic lethality in conventional knockouts and mosaicism in conditional knockouts often limit this approach. To overcome these limitations, an approach to ablating a floxed embryonic lethal gene of interest in short-term cultures of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) generated in a GEM model was developed.
This paper describes how to establish a mouse model with the appropriate genotype, derive short-term tumor cultures from these animals, and then ablate the floxed embryonic lethal gene using an adenoviral vector that expresses Cre recombinase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Purification of cells transduced with adenovirus using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and the quantification of the effects that gene ablation exerts on cellular proliferation, viability, the transcriptome, and orthotopic allograft growth is then detailed. These methodologies provide an effective and generalizable approach to identifying and validating therapeutic targets in vitro and in vivo. These approaches also provide a renewable source of low-passage tumor-derived cells with reduced in vitro growth artifacts. This allows the biological role of the targeted gene to be studied in diverse biologic processes such as migration, invasion, metastasis, and intercellular communication mediated by the secretome.

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

Here, we present a protocol for performing gene knockouts that are embryonic lethal in vivo in genetically engineered mouse model-derived tumors and then assessing the effect that the knockout has on tumor growth, proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and the transcriptome in vitro and in vivo.

Malign Periferik Sinir Kılıfı Tümör Hücrelerinde Floks Alellerinin Ex vivo Ablasyonu ile Tümörigenezde Gen Fonksiyonlarının Tanımlanması

The development of new drugs that precisely target key proteins in human cancers is fundamentally altering cancer therapeutics. However, before these ...

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

All next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures include assays performed at the laboratory bench (&#34;wet bench&#34;) and data analyses conducted using bioinformatics pipelines (&#34;dry bench&#34;). Both elements are essential to produce accurate and reliable results, which are particularly critical for clinical laboratories. Targeted NGS technologies have increasingly found favor in oncology applications to help advance precision medicine objectives, yet the methods often involve disconnected and variable wet and dry bench workflows and uncoordinated reagent sets. In this report, we describe a method for sequencing challenging cancer specimens with a 21-gene panel as an example of a comprehensive targeted NGS system. The system integrates functional DNA quantification and qualification, single-tube multiplexed PCR enrichment, and library purification and normalization using analytically-verified, single-source reagents with a standalone bioinformatics suite. As a result, accurate variant calls from low-quality and low-quantity formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) tumor biopsies can be achieved. The method can routinely assess cancer-associated variants from an input of 400 amplifiable DNA copies, and is modular in design to accommodate new gene content. Two different types of analytically-defined controls provide quality assurance and help safeguard call accuracy with clinically-relevant samples. A flexible &#34;tag&#34; PCR step embeds platform-specific adaptors and index codes to allow sample barcoding and compatibility with common benchtop NGS instruments. Importantly, the protocol is streamlined and can produce 24 sequence-ready libraries in a single day. Finally, the approach links wet and dry bench processes by incorporating pre-analytical sample quality control results directly into the variant calling algorithms to improve mutation detection accuracy and differentiate false-negative and indeterminate calls. This targeted NGS method uses advances in both wetware and software to achieve high-depth, multiplexed sequencing and sensitive analysis of heterogeneous cancer samples for diagnostic applications.

An integrated system for targeted next-generation sequencing of oncology specimens is described. This cross-platform system is optimized for low-quality and low-quantity tumor biopsies, accommodates low DNA inputs, includes well-characterized multi-variant controls, and features a novel variant caller that is informed by quantitative pre-analytical quality control measures.

Düşük kaliteli ve düşük miktar Tümör Biyopsilerinde ve Islak ve kuru Bench Süreçleri Entegrasyonu Hedefli optimize eder nesil Sıralama

All next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures include assays performed at the laboratory bench (&#34;wet bench&#34;) and data analyses conducted using ...

Tıp

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

Efforts to detect and investigate key oncogenic mutations have proven valuable to facilitate the appropriate treatment for cancer patients. The establishment of high-throughput, massively parallel "next-generation" sequencing has aided the discovery of many such mutations. To enhance the clinical and translational utility of this technology, platforms must be high-throughput, cost-effective, and compatible with formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples that may yield small amounts of degraded or damaged DNA. Here, we describe the preparation of barcoded and multiplexed DNA libraries followed by hybridization-based capture of targeted exons for the detection of cancer-associated mutations in fresh frozen and FFPE tumors by massively parallel sequencing. This method enables the identification of sequence mutations, copy number alterations, and select structural rearrangements involving all targeted genes. Targeted exon sequencing offers the benefits of high throughput, low cost, and deep sequence coverage, thus conferring high sensitivity for detecting low frequency mutations.

We describe the preparation of barcoded DNA libraries and subsequent hybridization-based exon capture for detection of key cancer-associated mutations in clinical tumor specimens by massively parallel "next generation" sequencing. Targeted exon sequencing offers the benefits of high throughput, low cost, and deep sequence coverage, thus yielding high sensitivity for detecting low frequency mutations.

Ekson yakalama ve Devasa Paralel Dizilimine tarafından Tümör Örneklerinin somatik genetik değişiklikler tespit

Efforts  to detect and investigate key oncogenic mutations have proven valuable to  facilitate the appropriate treatment for cancer patients. The ...

Biyoloji

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Powerful next generation sequencing techniques offer robust and comprehensive analysis to investigate how retinal gene regulatory networks function during development and in disease states. Single-cell RNA sequencing allows us to comprehensively profile gene expression changes observed in retinal development and disease at a cellular level, while single-cell ATAC-Seq allows analysis of chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding to be profiled at similar resolution. Here the use of these techniques in the developing retina is described, and MULTI-Seq is demonstrated, where individual samples are labeled with a modified oligonucleotide-lipid complex, enabling researchers to both increase the scope of individual experiments and substantially reduce costs.

Here, the authors showcase the utility of MULTI-seq for phenotyping and subsequent paired scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq in characterizing the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiles in retina.

scRNA-Seq ve scATAC-Seq Kullanarak Retinal Gen Ekspresyonu ve Kromatin Erişilebilirliğinin Multipleks Analizi

Powerful next generation sequencing techniques offer robust and comprehensive analysis to investigate how retinal gene regulatory networks function during ...

Nörobilim

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are used clinically for transplantation treatment to rebuild a patient&#39;s hematopoietic system in many diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma. Elucidating the mechanisms controlling HSCs self-renewal and differentiation is important for application of HSCs for research and clinical uses. However, it is not possible to obtain large quantity of HSCs due to their inability to proliferate in vitro. To overcome this hurdle, we used a mouse bone marrow derived cell line, the EML (Erythroid, Myeloid, and Lymphocytic) cell line, as a model system for this study.
RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) has been increasingly used to replace microarray for gene expression studies. We report here a detailed method of using RNA-Seq technology to investigate the potential key factors in regulation of EML cell self-renewal and differentiation. The protocol provided in this paper is divided into three parts. The first part explains how to culture EML cells and separate Lin-CD34+ and Lin-CD34- cells. The second part of the protocol offers detailed procedures for total RNA preparation and the subsequent library construction for high-throughput sequencing. The last part describes the method for RNA-Seq data analysis and explains how to use the data to identify differentially expressed transcription factors between Lin-CD34+ and Lin-CD34- cells. The most significantly differentially expressed transcription factors were identified to be the potential key regulators controlling EML cell self-renewal and differentiation. In the discussion section of this paper, we highlight the key steps for successful performance of this experiment.
In summary, this paper offers a method of using RNA-Seq technology to identify potential regulators of self-renewal and differentiation in EML cells. The key factors identified are subjected to downstream functional analysis in vitro and in vivo.

RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify significantly and differentially expressed transcription factors in Lin-CD34+ and Lin-CD34- subpopulations of mouse EMLcells. These transcription factors might play important roles in determining the switch between self-renewing Lin-CD34+ and partially differentiated Lin-CD34- cells.

RNA dizileme Analizi ile EML Hematopoetik Öncü Hücreler Self-yenileme ve farklılaşma Düzenlenmesi Anahtar Faktörler belirlenmesi

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are used clinically for transplantation treatment to rebuild a patient&#39;s hematopoietic system in many diseases such as ...

Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

Because precision medicine is highly dependent on the accurate detection of biomarkers, there is an increasing need for standardized and robust technologies that measure RNA biomarkers in situ in clinical specimens. While grind-and-bind assays like RNAseq and quantitative RT-PCR enable highly sensitive gene expression measurements, they also require RNA extraction and thus prevent valuable expression analysis within the morphological tissue context. The in situ hybridization (ISH) assay described here can detect RNA target sequences as short as 50 nucleotides at single-nucleotide resolution and at the single-cell level. This assay is complementary to the previously developed commercial assay and enables sensitive and specific in situ detection of splice variants, short targets, and point mutations within the tissue. In this protocol, probes were designed to target unique exon junctions for two clinically important splice variants, EGFRvIII and MET&#916;14. The detection of short target sequences was demonstrated by the specific detection of CDR3 sequences of T-cell receptors &#945; and &#946; in the Jurkat T-cell line. Also shown is the utility of this ISH assay for the distinction of RNA target sequences at single-nucleotide resolution (point mutations) through the visualization of EGFR L858R and KRAS G12A single-nucleotide variations in cell lines using automated staining platforms. In summary, the protocol shows a specialized RNA ISH assay that enables the detection of splice variants, short sequences, and mutations in situ for manual performance and on automated stainers.

Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

Here, we describe an in situ hybridization assay which enables sensitive and specific detection of sequences as short as 50 nucleotides with single-nucleotide resolution at the single-cell level. The assay, which can be performed manually or automatically, can enable visualization of splice variants, short sequences, and mutations within the tissue context.

Genetik varyantların, kısa hedefleri ve nokta mutasyonlar bir RNA In Situ hibridizasyon tahlil ile morfolojik doku bağlamda görüntülenmesi

Because precision medicine is highly dependent on the accurate detection of biomarkers, there is an increasing need for standardized and robust ...

RNA-Seq

Among different methods to evaluate gene expression, the high-throughput sequencing of RNA, or RNA-seq. is particularly attractive, as it can be performed and analyzed without relying on prior available genomic information. During RNA-seq, RNA isolated from samples of interest is used to generate a DNA library, which is then amplified and sequenced. Ultimately, RNA-seq can determine which genes are expressed, the levels of their expression, and the presence of any previously unknown transcripts.Here, JoVE presents the basic principles behind RNA-seq. We then discuss the experimental and analytical steps of a general RNA-seq protocol. Finally, we examine how researchers are currently using RNA-seq, for example, to compare gene expression between different biological samples, or to characterize protein-RNA interactions.

Next-Gen Transcriptomics Using RNA-Seq

Among different methods to evaluate gene expression, the high-throughput sequencing of RNA, or RNA-seq. is particularly attractive, as it can be performed ...