Name: color spot test as a presumptive tool for the rapid detection of synthetic cathinones
Uploaded: 2018-02-05T14:45:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 6 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones at JoVE.com

Os autores gostaria de reconhecer o apoio prestado a Morgan Philp através de um bolsa de programa de treinamento de investigação australiano governo.

1. preparação de soluções de reagentes de teste de cores
Nota: Pesa 0,12 g de nitrato de cobre trihidratado em um béquer seco 100 mL. Adicionar 30 mL de água desionizada (DI) e cuidadosamente swirl-lo à temperatura ambiente para dissolver todos os sólidos. Despeje esta solução em um balão volumétrico de 100 mL e encha até a marca calibrada com água. Esta solução preparada é Reagente 1. Nota: Reagente 1 pode ser preparado usando outros sais de cobre (II), por exemplo, cloreto de cobre (II).
<ol><li>Um copo seco 100 mL, pese 0,11 g de cloridrato de 2,9-dimetil-1,10-fenantrolina (neocuproine). Adicionar 50 mL de 0,10 mol/L de ácido clorídrico (HCl) e usar um vidro agitando a haste para promover a dissolução de sólidos à temperatura ambiente. Despeje esta solução em um balão volumétrico de 100 mL e encha até a marca calibrada com HCl 0,10 mol/L. Esta solução preparada é Reagente 2. Cuidado: O Neocuproine é agudamente tóxicos podem causar irritação da pele e lesões oculares graves. Use luvas e óculos de segurança durante a manipulação para minimizar o risco de exposição. Nota: Neocuproine é apenas levemente solúvel em água, portanto, o ácido diluído é usado para preparar este reagente e certifique-se de todos os sólidos dissolvem.</li>
	<li>Pese o 16,4 g de acetato de sódio em um copo seco 100 mL. Adicionar 50 mL de água Desionizada e usar um vidro agitando a haste para promover a dissolução de sólidos à temperatura ambiente. Despeje esta solução em um balão volumétrico de 100 mL e encha até a marca calibrada com água. Esta solução preparada é Reagente 3. Nota: O protocolo pode ser pausado aqui. Os reagentes são altamente estáveis e podem ser armazenados por até 12 meses à temperatura ambiente.</li>
</ol>2. cor teste
<ol><li>Colete um prato de porcelana limpa de ponto, três pipetas descartáveis, três soluções reagente preparadas no passo 2.1, uma espátula limpa, uma placa eléctrica e o amostra/apreendidos material a ser testado.</li>
	<li>Utilizando a espátula, coloque um pequeno, cabeça de alfinete tamanho quantidade (aproximadamente 0,1-0,2 mg) de amostra desconhecida em três poços de uma placa de porcelana ponto de separar. Deixe três adjacentes poços vazios (controle em branco) e outro de três poços com quantidades iguais de HCl methylmethcathinone-4 (4-MMC), uma amostra de referência catinona sintética (controle positivo). Nota: A superfície de teste preferencial é um prato de porcelana de ponto. Se estas não estiverem disponíveis, use chapas de plástico de microplacas ou semi micro tubos de ensaio.</li>
	<li>Usando uma pipeta descartável, adicione 5 gotas da solução de nitrato de cobre (Reagente 1) para cada poço de amostra, além dos poços de controle positivo e em branco.</li>
	<li>Usando uma pipeta descartável segunda, adicione 2 gotas da solução de neocuproine (Reagente 2) para cada poço de amostra, além dos poços de controle positivo e em branco.</li>
	<li>Usando uma pipeta descartável terceira, adicione 2 gotas de solução de acetato de sódio (Reagente 3) para cada amostra bem, além dos poços de controle positivo e em branco. Nota: O solução vira azul claro.</li>
	<li>Coloque a porcelana local placa diretamente sobre uma placa eléctrica situada a 80 ° C. Nota: Não aqueça chapas de plástico de microplacas diretamente na placa de aquecimento. Prepare um banho de água fervente superficial para definir a placa de plástico. Calor semi micro tubos de ensaio em um pequeno banho de água fervente. O preciso tempo necessário para observar que uma mudança de cor dependerá a espessura e a composição da chapa de ponto. Cuidado: tenha cuidado quando manipulação local placas para evitar queimam lesões.</li>
	<li>Após o aquecimento durante 10 minutos, observar a olho nu e observe a mudança de cor final ou tirar uma foto de alterar a cor final. Nota: Use um fundo branco para melhor Visualizar as alterações de cor.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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Os autores não têm nada para divulgar.

Este protocolo de teste de cor foi adaptado do trabalho experimental publicado pela Al-Obaid et al. 18 em que os autores demonstraram uma mudança de cor ocorre na presença de catinona extraída da planta o khat. Modificações do protocolo publicado eram necessárias para prever sua aplicação na deteção de presuntivo de drogas ilícitas. A consideração mais importante era reduzir a escala da reação. O protocolo descrito no presente documento destina-se a ser aplicado a amostras ...

O mercado de drogas ilícitas opera da mesma forma a um negócio tradicional, continuando a evoluir e se adaptar a um mercado em mutação. Os avanços na tecnologia moderna, especificamente, a proliferação global de comunicação poderosa viu aumentada compras on-line através do escuro líquido1 e amplo conhecimento de compartilhamento entre os usuários através de de fóruns on-line2. Combinada com os avanços na química, o rápido aparecimento de novas substâncias psicoactivas (NPS) criou um sério desafio para o controle de drogas internacional e nacional.
NPS são substâncias potencialmente perigosas de abuso que têm efeitos similares às drogas sob controle internacional. Inicialmente comercializado como "legais" alternativas, 739 NPS foram relatado para o escritório das Nações Unidas sobre drogas e Crime (UNODC) entre 2009 e 20163. De acordo com o relatório anual mais recente, um número recorde de NPS foram apreendido na fronteira australiana, com a maioria daqueles analisados, ainda mais identificada como sintética cathinones4. Em uma escala global, apreensões de cathinones sintéticos têm aumentado continuamente desde relatada pela primeira vez em 2010 e são um dos mais comumente apreendidos NPS5.
Os desafios colocados pelo NPS tem sido um tema largamente publicado de discussão6,7. Laboratórios forenses e policiais ficaram em desvantagem sem métodos adequados para detectar e identificar NPS durante sua rápida emergência. Extensa investigação sobre a detecção de NPS, incluindo cathinones sintético, no material apreendido, utilizou-se cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa (GC-MS)8 e líquido cromatografia de alta resolução espectrometria de massas (LC-HRMS)9 para análise de confirmação. Aumento da demanda para a preparação da amostra mínima viu infravermelho e estudos de10 de Espectroscopia Raman, bem como análises de ionização ambiente espectrometria de massa, tais como análise direta em tempo real de espectrometria de massa (DART-MS)11, 12. a necessidade de uma análise rápida e sensível no campo viu também a incorporação de papel pulverizador ionização / espectrometria de massa (PSI-MS) em dispositivos portáteis para uso pelo enforcement de lei13. Muitas técnicas instrumentais para oferecer análise confirmatória com deteção sensível e resultados quantitativos. No entanto, para a análise do elevado-throughput, eles podem ser demorados devido à preparação da amostra, tempos de execução e formação de instrumento e manutenção.
Testes de cor presuntivo são projetados para sugerir a presença ou ausência de certas classes de drogas em uma amostra de teste14. O grupo de trabalho científico para a análise de apreendidos drogas (SWGDRUG) classifica cor teste como a técnica de poder discriminante menor, ao lado de espectroscopia ultravioleta e imunoensaios15. No entanto, são ainda amplamente utilizados por outras seguranças e a polícia como um meio para fornecer resultados rápidos a um custo significativamente menor em comparação com outras técnicas. A principal vantagem oferecida pela cor local métodos de teste é a capacidade de realizá-las no campo usando kits de teste portátil.
A seletividade dos testes de cor depende individuais reacções químicas que ocorrem entre o reagente do teste e a classe de drogas de interesse para criar uma mudança de cor. Protocolos de ensaio presuntivas atuais faltam um teste específico para detectar cathinones sintético os reagentes comumente usados que carecem de especificidade e contêm substâncias perigosas são frequentemente empregados. Outros reagentes recomendados não foram selecionados em um grande número de possíveis catinona sintética substâncias16.
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um protocolo de teste de cor simples que pode ser facilmente empregado pelas partes interessadas para o rastreio preliminar de cathinones sintética em substâncias ilícitas de composição desconhecida. As partes interessadas incluiria a aplicação da lei, as agências de proteção de fronteira, laboratórios forenses e outro pessoal de segurança relevantes. Os métodos propostos empregam uma reação de oxidação-redução, ocorrendo entre o reagente complexo cobre elétron-aceitação e as moléculas de drogas do elétron rico catinona sintética. Usando estes métodos químicos desenvolvidos, um pode aplicá-los sob a forma de um teste de cor presuntivo para sugerir a presença de cathinones sintético.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Chemicals&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reagents and solvents&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>neocuproine hemihydrate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>72090</td><td>&amp;ge;99.0%. Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>copper(II) nitrate trihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>61197</td><td>98.0%-103%</td></tr><tr><td>sodium acetate</td><td>Ajax Finechem</td><td>AJA680</td><td>anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>hydrochloric acid</td><td>RCI Labscan</td><td>RP 1106</td><td>36%. Corrosive</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Powders&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ascorbic acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>104</td><td>L</td></tr><tr><td>benzocaine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>E1501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>benzoic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>242381</td><td>&amp;ge;99.5%</td></tr><tr><td>boric acid</td><td>Silform Chemicals</td><td>R27410</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>caffeine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C0750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cellulose</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>435236</td><td>microcrystalline</td></tr><tr><td>calcium chloride</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>960</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>citric acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>codeine phosphate</td><td>Glaxo</td><td>-</td><td>Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>cysteine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>168149</td><td>L</td></tr><tr><td>dimethylsulfone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M81705</td><td>98%</td></tr><tr><td>ephedrine HCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>285749</td><td>99%. Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>glucose</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>783</td><td>D, anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>glutathione</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>234</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>glycine</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>1083</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lactose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>L254</td><td>D, monohydrate</td></tr><tr><td>levamisole HCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>PHR1798</td><td>Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>magnesium sulphate</td><td>Scharlau</td><td>MA0080</td><td>anhydrous, extra pure</td></tr><tr><td>maltose</td><td>AJAX Finechem LABCHEM</td><td>1126</td><td>Bacteriological</td></tr><tr><td>mannitol</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>310</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>O-acetylsalicylic Acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A5376</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>phenethylamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>241008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>phenolphthalein</td><td>AJAX Finechem LABCHEM</td><td>368</td><td>Acute toxicity</td></tr><tr><td>potassium carbonate</td><td>Chem-Supply</td><td>PA021</td><td>AR, anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>sodium carbonate</td><td>Chem-Supply</td><td>SA099</td><td>AR, anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>sodium chloride</td><td>Rowe Scientific</td><td>CC10363</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>starch</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>1254</td><td>soluble</td></tr><tr><td>stearic acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNILAB</td><td>1255</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sucrose</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>530</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tartaric acid</td><td>AJAX Finechem UNIVAR</td><td>537</td><td>(+)</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Household products&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>artificial sweetener</td><td>ALDI Be Light</td><td>n/a</td><td>Contains aspartame</td></tr><tr><td>brown sugar</td><td>CSR</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>icing sugar</td><td>CSR</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>caster sugar</td><td>CSR</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>paracetamol tablet</td><td>Panadol</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>protein powder</td><td>Aussie Bodies ProteinFX</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>self-raising</td><td>Woolworths Australia Homebrand</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>plain flour</td><td>Woolworths Australia Homebrand</td><td>n/a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Reference compounds&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td>controlled or illegal substances</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cathinone-type substances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone HCl (MOPPP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1024</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-phenyl-2-methylamino-pentan-1-one HCl</td><td>Lipomed</td><td>PTD-1507-HC</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,3-dimethylmethcathinone HCl (2,3-DMMC)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10970.12</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,4,5-trimethylmethcathinone HCl (2,4,5-TMMC)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10927.13</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,4-dimethylmethcathinone HCl (2,4-DMMC)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10971.12</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-benzylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-butanone HCl (BMDB)</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10925.18</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-fluoromethcathinone HCl (2-FMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1275.64</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-methylmethcathinone HCl (2-MMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1387.02</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxy-&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPBP) HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D973</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-dimethylmethcathinone HCl (DMMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D962</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone HCl (MDMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D942</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D977</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone HCl (MDPV)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D951b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3-bromomethcathinone HCl (3-BMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1035</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3-fluoromethcathinone HCl (3-FMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D947b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3-methylmethcathinone HCl (3-MMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1387.03</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-bromomethcathinone HCl (4-BMC)</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 1387.11</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluoromethcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D969</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methoxymethcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D952</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D968</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylmethcathinone HCl (4-MMC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D937b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methyl-N-benzylcathinone&amp;nbsp;HCl (4-MBC)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1026</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methyl-pyrrolidinopropiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D964</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methyl-&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinobutiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D974</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>cathinone HCl (bk-amphetamine)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D929</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>dibutylone HCl (bk-DMBDB)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1027</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>iso-ethcathinone HCl</td><td>Chiron Chemicals</td><td>10922.11</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D724</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methylenedioxy-&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinopropiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D960</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N,N-diethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D957</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N,N-dimethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D958</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>naphthylpyrovalerone HCl (naphyrone)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D981</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxycathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D959</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N-ethylbuphedrone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1013</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>N-ethylcathinone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D938b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>pentylone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D992</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>pyrovalerone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D985</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-dimethylaminobutyrophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1011</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-dimethylaminopentiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1006</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-ethylaminopentiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1005</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinobutiophenone HCl (&amp;alpha;-PBP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D1012</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinopentiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D986b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;alpha;-pyrrolidinopropiophenone HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D956</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;beta;-keto-N-methyl-3,4-benzodioxyolylbutanamine HCl (bk-MBDB)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D948</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other substances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(-)-ephedrine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M924</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(-)-methylephedrine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M243</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+)-cathine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M297</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)- 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCl (MDA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D842</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)- N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCl (MDMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D792c</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-methamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D816e</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine HCl (MDEA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D739c</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D450a</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(+/-)-phenylpropanolamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>M296</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>(2S*,3R*)-2-methyl-3-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]glycidic acid methyl ester</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D903</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine HCl (mCPP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D907</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine HCl (TFMPP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D906</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>1-benzylpiperazine HCl (BZP)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D905</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenylethylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D922</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine HCl (DOM)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D470b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylthio-phenylethylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D919</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D749</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-bromo-4-methylpropiophenone</td><td>Synthesised in-house</td><td>n/a</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-fluoroamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D946</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>2-fluoromethamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D933</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D453b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D810b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D396b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D758b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluoroamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D943b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluorococaine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D854b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-fluoromethamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D934</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-hydroxyamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D824b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methoxyamphetamine HCl (PMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D756</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methoxymethamphetamine HCl (PMMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D908b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylmethamphetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D963</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>4-methylpropiophenone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>517925</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D954</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>amphetamine sulphate</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D420d</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>cocaine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D747b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>dimethamphetamine (DMA)</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D693d</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>gamma-hydroxy butyrate</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D812b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>heroin HCl</td><td>LGC Standards</td><td>LGCFOR 0037.20</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>ketamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D686b</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methoxetamine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D989</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>methylamine HCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M0505</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>phencyclidine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D748</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>phentermine HCl</td><td>Australian Government National Measurement Institute (NMI)</td><td>D781</td><td>Acute toxicity potential</td></tr><tr><td>triethylamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T0886</td><td>Acute toxicity, corrosive, flammable</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12-well porcelain spot plates</td><td>HomeScienceTools</td><td>CE-SPOTP12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96-well microplates</td><td>Greiner Bio-One</td><td>650201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hot plate</td><td>Industrial Equipment and Control Pty Ltd.</td><td>CH1920 (Scientrific)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 mL glass volumetric flasks</td><td>Duran</td><td>24 678 25 54</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Soda lime glass Pasteur pipettes</td><td>Marienfeld-Superior</td><td>3233050</td><td>230 mm length</td></tr></tbody></table>

color spot test as a presumptive tool for the rapid detection of synthetic cathinones

Cathinones sintéticos são uma grande classe de novas substâncias psicoactivas (NPS) que são cada vez mais prevalente nas apreensões de drogas feitas pela aplicação da lei e outras agências de proteção de fronteira globalmente. Teste de cor é uma técnica de identificação presuntiva, indicando a presença ou ausência de uma classe de droga em particular usando métodos químicos rápidos e descomplicados. Devido ao seu aparecimento relativamente recente, um teste de cor para a identificação específica de cathinones sintética não está atualmente disponível. Neste estudo, apresentamos um protocolo para a identificação presuntiva de cathinones sintético, empregando três soluções aquosas de reagente: nitrato de cobre (II), 2,9-dimetil-1,10-fenantrolina (neocuproine) e acetato de sódio. Cabeça de alfinete pequena porte quantidades (aproximadamente 0,1-0,2 mg) das drogas suspeitas são adicionados aos poços de uma mancha de porcelana prato e cada reagente é adicionada gota a gota sequencialmente antes de aquecimento em uma chapa de fogão. Uma mudança de cor de azul muito claro ao amarelo-laranja após 10 min indica a provável presença de cathinones sintético. O reagente teste altamente estável e específico tem o potencial para uso em análise presuntiva das amostras desconhecidas para cathinones sintética em um laboratório forense. No entanto, o incômodo de uma etapa de aquecimento adicional para o resultado de mudança de cor limita o teste para aplicação de laboratório e diminui a probabilidade de uma tradução fácil para testes de campo.

O protocolo de teste foi validado através de vários estudos, cujos resultados são descritos em Philp et al 17. o método de teste de cor é capaz de detectar presumivelmente cathinones sintéticos em uma amostra desconhecida através de uma cor mudar de luz azul para amarelo-laranja (Figura 1). Amarela e laranja cor muda ocorrendo após o período de aquecimento são considerados resultados do teste positivo e qualquer outr...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones at JoVE.com

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Cor de teste local como uma ferramenta presuntiva para a detecção rápida de Cathinones sintético

Aqui nós apresentamos um protocolo de teste químico simples, barato e seletiva da mancha para a detecção de cathinones sintético, uma classe de novas substâncias psicoactivas. O protocolo é apropriado para uso em diversas áreas de aplicação da lei que encontro material ilícito.

Synthetic cathinones are a large class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are increasingly prevalent in drug seizures made by law enforcement and ...

color-spot-test-as-presumptive-tool-for-rapid-detection-synthetic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

24.6K visualizações.  University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Aqui nós apresentamos um protocolo de teste químico simples, barato e seletiva da mancha para a detecção de cathinones sintético, uma classe de novas substâncias psicoactivas. O protocolo é apropriado para uso em diversas áreas de aplicação da lei que encontro material ilícito.

Vídeo: Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted with electron-donors, and the other with electron-acceptors, cruciforms&#39; HOMO will localize along the electron-rich and LUMO along the electron-poor axis. This spatial isolation of cruciforms&#39; frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) is essential to their use as sensors, since analyte binding to the cruciform invariably changes its HOMO-LUMO gap and the associated optical properties. Using this principle, Bunz and Miljani&#263; groups developed 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzene and benzobisoxazole cruciforms, respectively, which act as fluorescent sensors for metal ions, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, phenols, amines, and anions. The emission colors observed when these cruciform are mixed with analytes are highly sensitive to the details of analyte&#39;s structure and - because of cruciforms&#39; charge-separated excited states - to the solvent in which emission is observed. Structurally closely related species can be qualitatively distinguished within several analyte classes: (a) carboxylic acids; (b) boronic acids, and (c) metals. Using a hybrid sensing system composed from benzobisoxazole cruciforms and boronic acid additives, we were also able to discern among structurally similar: (d) small organic and inorganic anions, (e) amines, and (f) phenols. The method used for this qualitative distinction is exceedingly simple. Dilute solutions (typically 10-6 M) of cruciforms in several off-the-shelf solvents are placed in UV/Vis vials. Then, analytes of interest are added, either directly as solids or in concentrated solution. Fluorescence changes occur virtually instantaneously and can be recorded through standard digital photography using a semi-professional digital camera in a dark room. With minimal graphic manipulation, representative cut-outs of emission color photographs can be arranged into panels which permit quick naked-eye distinction among analytes. For quantification purposes, Red/Green/Blue values can be extracted from these photographs and the obtained numeric data can be statistically processed.

Cross-conjugated cruciform fluorophores based on 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzene and benzobisoxazole nuclei can be used to qualitatively identify diverse Lewis acidic and Lewis basic analytes. This method relies on the differences in emission colors of the cruciforms that are observed upon analyte addition. Structurally closely related species can be distinguished from each other.

A identificação qualitativa dos ácidos carboxílicos, ácidos borónicos e aminas Usando fluoróforos cruciforme

Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted with ...

Química

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

We demonstrate that direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry can be used to produce mass spectral profiles of botanical material, and that these chemical fingerprints can be used for plant species identification. The mass spectral data can be acquired rapidly and in a high throughput manner without the need for sample extraction, derivatization or pH adjustment steps. The use of this technique bypasses challenges presented by more conventional techniques including lengthy chromatography analysis times and resource intensive methods. The high throughput capabilities of the direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry protocol, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis processing of the data, provide not only class characterization of plants, but also yield species and varietal information. Here, the technique is demonstrated with two psychoactive plant products, Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) and Datura (Jimsonweed), which were subjected to direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry followed by statistical analysis processing of the mass spectral data. The application of these tools in tandem enabled the plant materials to be rapidly identified at the level of variety and species.

A method for species identification of botanical material by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis is presented.

Rápida de alta capacidade: Identificação de Espécies de material botânico Usando Direct Análise em Tempo Real alta resolução Espectrometria de Massa

We demonstrate that direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry can be used to produce mass spectral profiles of botanical material, ...

Fluorescent Paper Strips for the Detection of Diesel Adulteration with Smartphone Read-out

Three fluorescent molecular rotors of 4-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene (4-DNS) were investigated for their potential use as viscosity probes to indicate the content of kerosene in diesel/kerosene blends, a wide-spread activity to adulterate fuel. In solvents with low viscosity, the dyes rapidly deactivate via a so-called twisted intramolecular charge transfer state, efficiently quenching the fluorescence. Measurements of diesel/kerosene blends revealed a good linear correlation between the decrease in fluorescence and the increase of the fraction of the less viscous kerosene in diesel/kerosene blends. Immobilization of the hydroxy derivative 4-DNS-OH in cellulose paper yielded test strips that preserve the fluorescent indicator&#39;s behavior. Combination of the strips with a reader based on a smartphone and a controlling app allowed to create a simple field test. The method can reliably detect the presence of kerosene in diesel from 7 to 100%, outperforming present standard methods for diesel adulteration.

Here, we present a protocol to detect the adulteration of diesel with kerosene using test strips coated with a fluorescent viscosity probe together with a smartphone-based analysis system.

Tiras de papel fluorescente para a detecção da adulteração de Diesel com leitura de Smartphone

Three fluorescent molecular rotors of 4-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene (4-DNS) were investigated for their potential use as viscosity probes to indicate ...

Ambiente

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

Um método conveniente para extração e análise com a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão de neurotransmissores catecolaminas e seus metabólitos

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

New analytical methods are urgently needed to enable high-throughput, yet comprehensive drug screening, given an alarming opioid and prescription drug crisis in public health. Conventional urine drug testing based on a two-tier immunoassay screen followed by a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method are expensive and prone to bias while being limited to targeted panels of known drugs of abuse (DoA). Herein, we outline an improved method for drug surveillance that allows for the resolution and detection of an expanded panel of DoA and their metabolites when using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). Multiplexed separations of ten urine samples with a quality control by CE (&lt; 3 min/sample) in conjunction with full-scan data acquisition using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) under positive ion mode detection allows for the identification and quantification of DoA above recommended cut-off levels. An excellent resolution of drug isomers and isobars, including background interferences, are achieved when using MSI-CE-MS with an electrokinetic spacer between sample segments, where accurate mass/molecular formula together with the comigration of a matching deuterated internal standard and the detection of one or more bio-transformed metabolites facilitate DoA identification over a wider detection window. Additionally, urine samples can be analyzed directly without enzyme deconjugation for the rapid screening without complicated sample workup. MSI-CE-MS enables the surveillance of a broad spectrum of DoA that is required for the treatment monitoring of high-risk patients, including confirming prescribed drug adherence, revealing illicit drug use/substitution, and evaluating optimal dosage regimes as required for new advances in precision medicine.

Here we describe a high-throughput method for comprehensive drug surveillance that allows for the improved resolution and detection of large panels of drugs of abuse and their metabolites, with quality control based on multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

Vigilância de drogas de alto rendimento e abrangente utilizando espectrometria de massa Multisegment eletroforese capilar-injeção

New analytical methods are urgently needed to enable high-throughput, yet comprehensive drug screening, given an alarming opioid and prescription drug ...

A Two-Step Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Method with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Identification of Tattoo Ink Ingredients and Counterfeit Products

Tattoo inks are complex mixtures of ingredients. Each of them possesses different chemical properties which have to be addressed upon chemical analysis. In this method for two-step pyrolysis online coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) volatile compounds are analyzed during a first desorption run. In the second run, the same dried sample is pyrolyzed for analysis of non-volatile compounds such as pigments and polymers. These can be identified by their specific decomposition patterns. Additionally, this method can be used to differentiate original from counterfeit inks. Easy screening methods for data evaluation using the average mass spectra and self-made pyrolysis libraries are applied to speed up substance identification. Using specialized evaluation software for pyrolysis GS-MS data, a fast and reliable comparison of the full chromatogram can be achieved. Since GC-MS is used as separation technique, the method is limited to volatile substances upon desorption and after pyrolysis of the sample. The method can be applied for quick substance screening in market control surveys since it requires no sample preparation steps.

This method for two-step pyrolysis online coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and data evaluation protocol can be used for multi-component analysis of tattoo inks and discrimination of counterfeit products.

Um método de cromatografia de gás de Pyrolysis de duas etapas com detecção espectrométrica de massa para identificação de ingredientes de tinta de tatuagem e produtos falsificados

Tattoo inks are complex mixtures of ingredients. Each of them possesses different chemical properties which have to be addressed upon chemical analysis. ...

Rapid In Situ Hybridization using Oligonucleotide Probes on Paraformaldehyde-prefixed Brain of Rats with Serotonin Syndrome

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) toxicity may cause region-specific changes in serotonergic mRNA expression due to acute serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) syndrome. This hypothesis can be tested using in situ hybridization to detect the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene htr2a. In the past, such procedures, utilizing radioactive riboprobe, were difficult because of the complicated workflow that needs several days to perform and the added difficulty that the technique required the use of fresh frozen tissues maintained in an RNase-free environment. Recently, the development of short oligonucleotide probes has simplified in situ hybridization procedures and allowed the use of paraformaldehyde-prefixed brain sections, which are more widely available in laboratories. Here, we describe a detailed protocol using non-radioactive oligonucleotide probes on the prefixed brain tissues. Hybridization probes used for this study include dapB (a bacterial gene coding for dihydrodipicolinate reductase), ppiB (a housekeeping gene coding for peptidylprolyl isomerase B), and htr2a (a serotonin gene coding for 5-HT2A receptors). This method is relatively simply, cheap, reproducible and requires less than two days to complete.

Rapid In Situ Hybridization using Oligonucleotide Probes on Paraformaldehyde-prefixed Brain of Rats with Serotonin Syndrome

This protocol describes a rapid and simplified in situ hybridization method ideal forparaformaldehyde-prefixed brain, thus reducing the need for prolonged complex steps while using fresh frozen tissues. The method is validated using the identification of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene htr2a in rats.

Rápido<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; A hibridação usando sondas Oligonucleotide no cérebro prefixado-paraformaldeído de ratos com síndrome serotoninérgica

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) toxicity may cause region-specific changes in serotonergic mRNA expression due to acute serotonin ...

Neurociência

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Colhendo a ortogonalidade de LC e TIMS-TOF MS / MS para rastrear análogos de fentanil

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

The use of fentanyl and the emergence of fentanyl analogs over recent decades has become an increasing concern to the community at large. Fentanyl and its analogs are the major contributors to fatal and nonfatal overdoses in the United States. Most recent cases of fentanyl-related overdose are linked to illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its associated extreme potency. In the present work, we describe a high-throughput analytical protocol for the screening of fentanyl analogs. The use of complementary liquid chromatography, trapped ion mobility spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry allow for the separation and assignment of hundreds of fentanyl analogs from a single sample in a single scan. The described approach takes advantage of the recent development of data-dependent acquisition and data-independent acquisition using parallel accumulation in the mobility trap followed by sequential fragmentation using collision-induced dissociation. The fentanyl analogs are confidently assigned based on their retention time, mobility, and MS fragmentation pattern.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor em destaque: uma metodologia eficiente para diferenciar e caracterizar com confiança análogos de fentanil

A method for the screening of fentanyl analogs based on their retention time, mobility, and mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern.

Triagem análoga de fentanil usando LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

The use of fentanyl and the emergence of fentanyl analogs over recent decades has become an increasing concern to the community at large. Fentanyl and its ...

Cor de teste local como uma ferramenta presuntiva para a detecção rápida de Cathinones sintético

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Um método conveniente para extração e análise com a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão de neurotransmissores catecolaminas e seus metabólitos

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Triagem análoga de fentanil usando LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

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