이 작품은 캐나다 자연 과학 및 공학 연구 위원회 (NSERC)에서 BDC에 디스커버리 그랜트에 의해 지원됩니다; RGPIN 311680) 및 건강 연구의 캐나다 연구소에서 BDC에 운영 보조금 (CIHR; MOP-93796). RAK는 온타리오 대학원 장학금의 지원을 받았으며, ALC는 NSERC CREATE 보조금의 지원을 받았습니다. 이 원고에 설명된 실험 장치는 캐나다 혁신 재단에 의해 지원되었다. 추가 지원은 캐나다 제1 연구 우수 기금 (BrainsCAN)에서 왔다.

<ol>
	<li>Veerman, M. M., Brenner, E., Smeets, J. B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+latency+for+correcting+a+movement+depends+on+the+visual+attribute+that+defines+the+target.">The latency for correcting a movement depends on the visual attribute that defines the target.</a> Experimental Brain Research. 187 (2), 219-228 (2008).</li><li>Soechting, J. F., Lacquaniti, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modification+of+trajectory+of+a+pointing+movement+in+response+to+a+change+in+target+location.">Modification of trajectory of a pointing movement in response to a change in target location.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 49 (2), 548-564 (1983).</li><li>Day, B. L., Lyon, I. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Voluntary+modification+of+automatic+arm+movements+evoked+by+motion+of+a+visual+target.">Voluntary modification of automatic arm movements evoked by motion of a visual target.</a> Experimental Brain Research. 130 (2), 159-168 (2000).</li><li>Gaveau, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automatic+online+control+of+motor+adjustments+in+reaching+and+grasping.">Automatic online control of motor adjustments in reaching and grasping.</a> Neuropsychologia. 55 (1), 25-40 (2014).</li><li>Day, B. L., Brown, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+subcortical+involvement+in+the+visual+control+of+human+reaching.">Evidence for subcortical involvement in the visual control of human reaching.</a> Brain A Journal of Neurology. 124, 1832-1840 (2001).</li><li>Pruszynski, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulus-locked+responses+on+human+arm+muscles+reveal+a+rapid+neural+pathway+linking+visual+input+to+arm+motor+output.">Stimulus-locked responses on human arm muscles reveal a rapid neural pathway linking visual input to arm motor output.</a> European Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (6), 1049-1057 (2010).</li><li>Corneil, B. D., Olivier, E., Munoz, D. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visual+responses+on+neck+muscles+reveal+selective+gating+that+prevents+express+saccades.">Visual responses on neck muscles reveal selective gating that prevents express saccades.</a> Neuron. 42 (5), 831-841 (2004).</li><li>Wood, D. K., Gu, C., Corneil, B. D., Gribble, P. L., Goodale, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+visual+responses+reset+the+phase+of+low-frequency+oscillations+in+the+skeletomotor+periphery.">Transient visual responses reset the phase of low-frequency oscillations in the skeletomotor periphery.</a> European Journal of Neuroscience. 42 (3), 1919-1932 (2015).</li><li>Gu, C., Wood, D. K., Gribble, P. L., Corneil, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Trial-by-Trial+Window+into+Sensorimotor+Transformations+in+the+Human+Motor+Periphery.">A Trial-by-Trial Window into Sensorimotor Transformations in the Human Motor Periphery.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (31), 8273-8282 (2016).</li><li>Kozak, R. A., Kreyenmeier, P., Gu, C., Johnston, K., Corneil, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulus-locked+responses+on+human+upper+limb+muscles+and+corrective+reaches+are+preferentially+evoked+by+low+spatial+frequencies.">Stimulus-locked responses on human upper limb muscles and corrective reaches are preferentially evoked by low spatial frequencies.</a> eNeuro. 6 (5), (2019).</li><li>Kowler, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+expectations,+not+habits,+control+anticipatory+smooth+oculomotor+pursuit.">Cognitive expectations, not habits, control anticipatory smooth oculomotor pursuit.</a> Vision Research. 29 (9), 1049-1057 (1989).</li><li>Goonetilleke, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-species+comparison+of+anticipatory+and+stimulus-driven+neck+muscle+activity+well+before+saccadic+gaze+shifts+in+humans+and+nonhuman+primates.">Cross-species comparison of anticipatory and stimulus-driven neck muscle activity well before saccadic gaze shifts in humans and nonhuman primates.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 114 (2), 902-913 (2015).</li><li>Franklin, D. W., Reichenbach, A., Franklin, S., Diedrichsen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+evolution+of+spatial+computations+for+visuomotor+control.">Temporal evolution of spatial computations for visuomotor control.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (8), 2329-2341 (2016).</li><li>Krekelberg, B., Vatakis, A., Kourtzi, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implied+motion+from+form+in+the+human+visual+cortex.">Implied motion from form in the human visual cortex.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 94 (6), 4373-4386 (2005).</li><li>Gribble, P. L., Everling, S., Ford, K., Mattar, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-eye+coordination+for+rapid+pointing+movements:+Arm+movement+direction+and+distance+are+specified+prior+to+saccade+onset.">Hand-eye coordination for rapid pointing movements: Arm movement direction and distance are specified prior to saccade onset.</a> Experimental Brain Research. 145 (3), 372-382 (2002).</li><li>Par&#233;, M., Munoz, D. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Saccadic+reaction+time+in+the+monkey:+advanced+preparation+of+oculomotor+programs+is+primarily+responsible+for+express+saccade+occurrence.">Saccadic reaction time in the monkey: advanced preparation of oculomotor programs is primarily responsible for express saccade occurrence.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 76 (6), 3666-3681 (1996).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

인간은 필요한 경우 최소한의 방신 및 효능 전도 지연에 접근하는 신속하고 시각적으로 유도된 행동을 생성할 수 있는 놀라운 능력을 가지고 있습니다. 앞서 상측에 자극-잠긴 응답(SR)을 빠른 바이저모터 응답6,9,10에대한 새로운 척도로 기술하였다. 시각적 자극에 의해 영향을 받는 상반신 근육 모집의 첫 번째 측면에 대 한 재...

핸드폰에 메시지를 받으면 시각적으로 안내된 연락을 수행하여 휴대폰을 수령하고 메시지를 읽으라는 메시지가 표시됩니다. 휴대 전화의 모양과 크기와 같은 시각적 기능은 모터 명령으로 변환되어 목표에 성공적으로 도달 할 수 있습니다. 이러한 visuomotor 변환 은 높은 수준의 제어를 허용하는 실험실 조건에서 연구 될 수있다. 그러나 응답 시간이 중요한 시나리오(예: 넘어질 경우 전화 잡기)가 있습니다. 빠른 visuomotor 행동의 실험실 연구는 종종 대상 위치의 일부 변화에 따라 비행 중 에서 진행 중인 움직임이 수정되는 변위 대상 패러다임에 의존합니다 (예 : 참조1,2). 이러한 온라인 보정은 & 150 ms3에서발생할 수 있지만, 팔의 로우 패스 필터링 특성으로 인해 운동학을 사용하여 빠른 visuomotor 출력의 정확한 타이밍을 확인하기가 어렵고 빠른 visuomotor 출력은 비행 중 이미 움직임을 대체하기 때문에. 이러한 합병증은 빠른 visuomotor 반응의 근본적인 기판에 대한 불확실성으로 이끌어 내습니다 (검토를 위한 참조4 참조). 일부 연구에 따르면 전두엽 피질 영역이 아닌 우수한 콜리큘러스와 같은 하위 구조가 온라인 보정을 시작할 수 있다고5.
근본적인 신경 기판에 관하여 이 불확실성은, 적어도 부분적으로, 빠른 visuomotor 시스템의 출력을 위한 믿을 수 있는 biomarker의 부족에 기인할 수 있습니다. 최근에는 정전기촬영(EMG)을 통해 정적 자세에서 생성되고 기록될 수 있는 빠른 바이저모터 반응의 측정을 설명했습니다. 자극-잠긴 응답(SR)은 자극 개시 후 지속적으로 ~100ms를 진화시키는 자발적 운동6,7,진화를 앞둔 EMG 활동의 시간 잠긴 버스트이다. 이름에서 알 수 있듯이, SLA는 자극 개시에 의해 연상되며, 최종 움직임이8을 보류하거나 반대 방향으로 이동하더라도지속됩니다 9. 또한 동적 패러다임에서 표적 변위로 인해 유발되는 SR은 짧은 대기 시간 온라인보정(10)과연관된다. 따라서, SR은 짧은 대기 시간 RT에 관여하는 빠른 바이저모터 시스템의 출력을 체계적으로 연구하기 위한 객관적인 측정을 제공하며, 이는 정적 자세로부터 생성되고 빠른 visuomotor 반응의 초기 단계와 관련이 없는 다른 EMG 신호로부터 구문 분석될 수 있기 때문에.
현재 연구의 목표는 SLA를 강력하게 유도하는 시각적으로 유도된 도달 패러다임을 제시하는 것입니다. SLR을 조사하는 이전 연구는 더 침략적인 근육 내 기록을 사용하는 경우에도 참가자에 걸쳐 100 % 미만의검출률을보고6,8,9. 낮은 검출 률과 침습적 기록에 대한 의존도는 질병 또는 수명 전반에 걸친 빠른 visuomotor 시스템에 대한 향후 조사에서 SLR 조치의 유용성을 제한합니다. 일부 과목은 단순히 SLR을 표현하지 않을 수 있지만, 이전에 사용 된 자극과 행동 패러다임은 SLR을 연상이상하지 않았을 수 있습니다. SR의 과거 보고서는 일반적으로 참가자가 갑자기 나타나는 대상6,9를향해 시각적으로 유도 된 도달을 생성하는 패러다임을 사용했다. 그러나 빠른 바이저모터 시스템은 낙하 또는 비행 물체와 빠르게 상호 작용해야 하는 시나리오에서 가장 필요한 시스템이며, 정적 자극보다는 움직이는 것이 SR을 더 잘 불러일으킬 수 있는지 궁금해합니다. 따라서, 우리는 눈 의 움직임을 연구하는 데 사용되는움직이는 대상 패러다임을 적응하고, SLR9을검사하는 데 사용되는 프로 / 안티 시각적으로 유도 도달 작업과 결합했다. 이전에 사용 된 패러다임의 결과와 비교했을 때6,8,9,신흥 대상 패러다임의 SLA가 더 빨리 진화하고, 더 높은 크기를 달성했으며, 참가자 샘플 전반에 걸쳐 더 널리 퍼졌다는 것을 발견했습니다. 전반적으로, 신흥 표적 패러다임은 객관적인 EMG 측정이 표면 기록, 임상 인구 내 및 수명 전반에 걸쳐 전능한 연구 결과로 안정적으로 이루어질 수 있는 정도로 빠른 visuomotor 반응의 표현을 촉진합니다. 또한, 새로운 표적 패러다임을 여러 가지 방법으로 수정하여 빠른 visuomotor 응답을 촉진하거나 수정하는 감각, 인지 및 모터 요인에 대한 보다 철저한 조사를 촉진할 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Bagnoli-8 Desktop Surface EMG System</td><td>Delsys Inc.</td><td></td><td>Another reaching apparatus may be used</td></tr><tr><td>Kinarm End-Point Robot</td><td>Kinarm, Kingston, Ontario, Canada</td><td></td><td>Another reaching apparatus may be used</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB (version R2016a) Stateflow and Simulink applications</td><td>The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PROPixx projector</td><td>VPIXX Saint-Bruno, QC, Canada</td><td></td><td>This is a custom built addon for the Kinarm. Other displays may be used. Resolution: 1920 x 1080. Standard viewing monitors may also be used.</td></tr></tbody></table>

an emerging target paradigm to evoke fast visuomotor responses on human upper limb muscles

볼 수 있는 물체를 향해 도달하려면 시각적 정보를 모터 명령으로 변환해야 합니다. 물체의 색상, 모양 및 크기와 같은 시각적 정보는 수많은 뇌 영역 내에서 처리되고 통합된 다음 궁극적으로 모터 주변으로 전달됩니다. 어떤 경우에는 가능한 한 빨리 반응이 필요합니다. 이러한 빠른 visuomotor 변환, 그리고 그들의 근본적인 신경 기질, 그들은 신뢰할 수 있는 바이오 마커 부족으로 인간에서 제대로 이해. 자극-잠긴 응답(SR)은 시각 자극 프리젠테이션에 의해 영향을 받은 근육 모집의 첫 번째 물결을 나타내는 짧은 대기 시간(&100 ms) 전동(EMG) 활동의 파열입니다. SR은 급속한 바이저모터 변환의 정량화 가능한 출력을 제공하지만, SR은 과거 연구의 모든 과목에서 일관되게 관찰되지 않았습니다. 여기서 우리는 지속적으로 강력한 SR을 연상시키는 장애물 아래 움직이는 대상의 갑작스런 출현을 특징으로하는 새로운 행동 패러다임을 설명합니다. 인간 참가자는 표면 전극이 가슴 주요 근육에서 EMG 활동을 기록하는 동안 로봇 매니풀란덤을 사용하여 신흥 대상을 향해 또는 멀리 유도 생성. 정적 자극을 사용하여 SR을 조사한 이전 연구와 비교하여, 이 새로운 표적 패러다임으로 불러온 SR은 더 크고, 더 일찍 진화했으며, 모든 참가자에게 존재했습니다. 도달 반응 시간(RTs)도 신흥 표적 패러다임에서 신속히 처리되었다. 이 패러다임은 다양한 감각, 인지 및 모터 조작이 빠른 visuomotor 반응에 미치는 영향에 대한 체계적인 연구를 허용할 수 있는 수많은 수정 기회를 제공합니다. 전반적으로, 우리의 결과는 새로운 표적 패러다임이 빠른 visuomotor 시스템 내에서 일관되고 강력하게 활동을 불러 올 수 있다는 것을 보여줍니다.

자극 잠긴 응답 (SR) 근육 활동 시간의 짧은 버스트 운동 발병과 관련 된 근육 모집의 큰 발리 전에 잘 진화 하는 자극 개시에 잠겨. SLR의 시간 잠긴 특성은 반응 시간(RT)(그림1a,회색 상자로 강조 표시)을 위해 정렬된 모든 시험을 볼 때 ~100 ms에서 보이는 근육 활동의 '밴딩'을 생성했습니다. 도 1a에도시된 바와 같이, SR은 표적 위치에 의존했으며, 오른쪽 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles at JoVE.com

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

여기에 제시 시각적으로 유도 도달 하는 동안 인간의 상부 사지 근육에 강력한 빠른 visuomotor 응답을 유도 하는 행동 패러다임.

인간의 상반신 근육에 빠른 Visuomotor 응답을 불러 일으키는 신흥 대상 패러다임

To reach towards a seen object, visual information has to be transformed into motor commands. Visual information such as the object&#8217;s color, shape, ...

an-emerging-target-paradigm-to-evoke-fast-visuomotor-responses-on

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

4.2K 조회수.  Western University. 여기에 제시 시각적으로 유도 도달 하는 동안 인간의 상부 사지 근육에 강력한 빠른 visuomotor 응답을 유도 하는 행동 패러다임.

비디오: An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

행동 관찰 중 코르티코피날 흥분성 변조

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

연구

행동분석학

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Kinesthetic awareness is important to successfully navigate the environment. When we interact with our daily surroundings, some aspects of movement are deliberately planned, while others spontaneously occur below conscious awareness. The deliberate component of this dichotomy has been studied extensively in several contexts, while the spontaneous component remains largely under-explored. Moreover, how perceptual processes modulate these movement classes is still unclear. In particular, a currently debated issue is whether the visuomotor system is governed by the spatial percept produced by a visual illusion or whether it is not affected by the illusion and is governed instead by the veridical percept. Bistable percepts such as 3D depth inversion illusions (DIIs) provide an excellent context to study such interactions and balance, particularly when used in combination with reach-to-grasp movements. In this study, a methodology is developed that uses a DII to clarify the role of top-down processes on motor action, particularly exploring how reaches toward a target on a DII are affected in both deliberate and spontaneous movement domains.

It is unclear how top-down signals from the ventral visual stream affect movement. We developed a paradigm to test motor behavior towards a target on a 3D depth inversion illusion. Significant differences are reported in both deliberate, goal-directed movements and automatic actions under illusory and veridical viewing conditions.

모터 동작 톱 다운 비주얼 프로세스의 영향을 탐색하는 방법

Kinesthetic awareness is important to successfully navigate the environment. When we interact with our daily surroundings, some aspects of movement are ...

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

There are several advantages that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents in the study of the neural control of human movement. It is relatively flexible with respect to participant positioning and allows for some head movements during tasks. Additionally, it is inexpensive, light weight, and portable, with very few contraindications to its use. This presents a unique opportunity to study functional brain activity during motor tasks in individuals who are typically developing, as well as those with movement disorders, such as cerebral palsy. An additional consideration when studying movement disorders, however, is the quality of actual movements performed and the potential for additional, unintended movements. Therefore, concurrent monitoring of both blood flow changes in the brain and actual movements of the body during testing is required for appropriate interpretation of fNIRS results. Here, we show a protocol for the combination of fNIRS with muscle and kinematic monitoring during motor tasks. We explore gait, a unilateral multi-joint movement (cycling), and two unilateral single-joint movements (isolated ankle dorsiflexion, and isolated hand squeezing). The techniques presented can be useful in studying both typical and atypical motor control, and can be modified to investigate a broad range of tasks and scientific questions.

Monitoring brain activity during upright motor tasks is of great value when investigating the neural source of movement disorders. Here, we demonstrate a protocol that combines functional near infrared spectroscopy with continuous monitoring of muscle and kinematic activity during 4 types of motor tasks.

모터 작업하는 동안 동시 운동 학적 및 EMG 모니터링과 감각 및 모터 뇌 영역의 기능 근적외선 분광법

There are several advantages that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents in the study of the neural control of human movement. It is ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating &#8220;real-world&#8221; environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system&#8217;s overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and 3D motion capture are commonly used non-invasive techniques for investigating neuromuscular function in humans. In this paper, we describe a protocol that synchronously samples data generated by all three of these tools along with the unique addition of virtual reality stimulus presentation and feedback.

경 두개 자기 자극, 근전도, 모션 캡쳐, 가상 현실을 이용하여 인간의 모터 제어 유학을위한 다기능 설치

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

대상 - 응답 작업하는 동안 이벤트 관련 전위를 일방적 뇌성 마비 아동의 상지 사용의인지 과정을 연구하기 위해

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use of TMS to study human movement, has been limited by the challenges related to precisely timing the delivery of TMS to features of the unfolding movement and, also, by accurately characterizing kinematics and kinetics. To overcome these technical challenges, TMS delivery and acquisition systems should be integrated with an online motion tracking system. The present manuscript details technical innovations that integrate multiple acquisition systems to facilitate and advance the use of TMS to study human movement. Using commercially available software and hardware systems, a step-by-step approach to both the hardware assembly and the software scripts necessary to perform TMS studies triggered by specific features of a movement is provided. The approach is focused on the study of upper limb, planar, multi-joint reaching movements. However, the same integrative system is amenable to a multitude of sophisticated studies of human motor control.

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS.

여러 데이터 수집 시스템을 결합하면 피질 출력 및 멀티 세그먼트 역학을 연구하는

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use ...

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace

Reaching and grasping are highly-coupled movements, and their underlying neural dynamics have been widely studied in the last decade. To distinguish reaching and grasping encodings, it is essential to present different object identities independent of their positions. Presented here is the design of an automatic apparatus that is assembled with a turning table and three-dimensional (3D) translational device to achieve this goal. The turning table switches different objects corresponding to different grip types while the 3D translational device transports the turning table in 3D space. Both are driven independently by motors so that the target position and object are combined arbitrarily. Meanwhile, wrist trajectory and grip types are recorded via the motion capture system and touch sensors, respectively. Furthermore, representative results that demonstrate successfully trained monkey using this system are described. It is expected that this apparatus will facilitate researchers to study kinematics, neural principles, and brain-machine interfaces related to upper limb function.

Presented here is a protocol to build an automatic apparatus that guides a monkey to perform the flexible reach-to-grasp task. The apparatus combines a 3D translational device and turning table to present multiple objects in an arbitrary position in 3D space.

3D 작업 공간에서 파악 가능한 개체를 표시하기 위한 장치 설계 및 사용

Reaching and grasping are highly-coupled movements, and their underlying neural dynamics have been widely studied in the last decade. To distinguish ...

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Assessment of reactive balance traditionally imposes some type of perturbation to upright stance or gait followed by measurement of the resultant corrective behavior. These measures include muscle responses, limb movements, ground reaction forces, and even direct neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography. Using this approach, researchers and clinicians can infer some basic principles regarding how the nervous system controls balance to avoid a fall. One limitation with the way in which these assessments are currently used is that they heavily emphasize reflexive actions without any need to revise automatic postural reactions. Such an exclusive focus on these highly stereotypical reactions would fail to adequately address how we can modify these reactions should the need arise (e.g., avoiding an obstacle with a recovery step). This would appear to be a glaring omission when one considers the enormous complexity of the environments we face daily. Overall, the status quo when evaluating the neural control of balance fails to truly expose how higher brain resources contribute to preventing falls in complex settings. The present protocol offers a way to require suppression of automatic, but inappropriate corrective balance reactions, and force a selection among alternative action choices to successfully recover balance following postural perturbation.

Here we offer a protocol that allows the user to selectively change affordances and/or constraints on movements that are relevant for recovering balance after postural perturbation.

반응성 균형에서 반응 억제 및 행동 선택을 강조하는 수정된 린 및 방출 기술

Assessment of reactive balance traditionally imposes some type of perturbation to upright stance or gait followed by measurement of the resultant ...

Capturing Dynamic Finger Gesturing with High-resolution Surface Electromyography and Computer Vision

Finger gestures are a critical element in human communication, and as such, finger gesture recognition is widely studied as a human-computer interface for state-of-the-art prosthetics and optimized rehabilitation. Surface electromyography (sEMG), in conjunction with deep learning methods, is considered a promising method in this domain. However, current methods often rely on cumbersome recording setups and the identification of static hand positions, limiting their effectiveness in real-world applications. The protocol we report here presents an advanced approach combining a wearable surface EMG and finger&#160;tracking system to capture comprehensive data during dynamic hand movements. The method records muscle activity from soft printed electrode arrays (16 electrodes) placed on the forearm as subjects perform gestures in different hand positions and during movement. Visual instructions prompt subjects to perform specific gestures while EMG and finger positions are recorded. The integration of synchronized EMG recordings and finger tracking data enables comprehensive analysis of muscle activity patterns and corresponding gestures. The reported approach demonstrates the potential of combining EMG and visual tracking technologies as an important resource for developing intuitive and responsive gesture recognition systems with applications in prosthetics, rehabilitation, and interactive technologies. This protocol aims to guide researchers and practitioners, fostering further innovation and application of gesture recognition in dynamic and real-world scenarios.

The paper presents a comprehensive protocol for simultaneously recording hand-electromyography (EMG) and visual finger tracking during natural finger gesturing. The visual data is designed to serve as the ground truth for the development of accurate EMG-based computational models for finger gesture recognition.

고해상도 표면 근전도 및 컴퓨터 비전을 사용한 동적 손가락 제스처 캡처

Finger gestures are a critical element in human communication, and as such, finger gesture recognition is widely studied as a human-computer interface for ...

생체공학

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Reaching is a widely studied behavior in motor physiology and neuroscience research. While reaching has been examined using a variety of behavioral manipulations, there remain significant gaps in the understanding of the neural processes involved in reach planning, execution, and control. The novel approach described here combines a two-dimensional reaching task with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and concurrent electromyography (EMG) recording from multiple muscles. This method allows for the noninvasive detection of corticospinal activity at precise time points during the unfolding of reaching movements. The example task code includes a delayed response reaching task with two possible targets displayed &#177; 45&#176; off the midline. Single pulse TMS is delivered on the majority of task trials, either at the onset of the preparatory cue (baseline) or 100 ms prior to the imperative cue (delay). This sample design is suitable for investigating changes in corticospinal excitability during reach preparation. The sample code also includes a visuomotor perturbation (i.e., cursor rotation of &#177; 20&#176;) to investigate the effects of adaptation on corticospinal excitability during reach preparation. The task parameters and TMS delivery can be adjusted to address specific hypotheses about the state of the motor system during reaching behavior. In the initial implementation, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were successfully elicited on 83% of TMS trials, and reach trajectories were recorded on all trials.

Reaching is a fundamental skill that allows humans to interact with the environment. Several studies have aimed to characterize reaching behavior using a variety of methodologies. This paper offers an open-source application of transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the state of corticospinal excitability in humans during reaching task performance.

목표 지향적 도달 행동 중 피질 척수 흥분성 평가

Reaching is a widely studied behavior in motor physiology and neuroscience research. While reaching has been examined using a variety of behavioral ...