Name: enhancement of the initial growth rate of agricultural plants by using static magnetic fields
Uploaded: 2016-07-08T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 17 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enhancement of the Initial Growth Rate of Agricultural Plants by Using Static Magnetic Fields at JoVE.com

This study received supported from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2011-0012728). A poster presenting this study was awarded the Best Poster Award by the Korean Society of Applied Biological Sciences (KSABC).

1. 초기 설정 <ol><li> 농업 식물 종 <ol><li> 사용 정원 봉숭아 (봉선화), 미즈나 (브라 시카 라파 VAR. 자포니카), Komatsuna (브라 시카 라파 var에. perviridis), 및 Mescluns (다닥 냉이 속 sativum) 씨. 참고 : 봉선화 balsamina (정원 봉선화 또는 로즈 봉선화)는 인도 네이티브 종입니다; 몇 회원은 미얀마에 있습니다. Komatsuna (브라 시카 라파 var에. perviridis 또는 komatsuna)는 일반적인 순무와 같은 종의 변종이다. 정원 유채과 야채 (다닥 냉이 속 sativum)은 분류 학적 물냉이와 겨자 관련이 허브의 일종입니다. 그들은 상업적으로 5,7를 사용하는 비슷한 맛과 향기를 가지고있다. </li></ol></li><li> 플랜트 문화 <ol><li> 문화 정원 봉숭아 (봉선화), 미즈나 (브라 시카 라파 var에. 자포니카), Komatsuna (브라 시카 라파 var에. perviridis), 및 Mesclun100 mm 직경 (100 파이) 페트리 접시에서의 (다닥 냉이 속 sativum) 씨. 하나의 플레이트는 종의 하나의 유형이 포함되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 배양 조건의 경우, 셀룰로오스 수건에 씨앗을 배치합니다. 트리플 증류수에 수건과 씨앗을 담가. 측정하고 65-75%에 이르기까지 습도, 실내 실험실 RT가 18 ~ 25 °의 C인지 확인합니다 (섹션 3.1.2를 확인하시기 바랍니다). </li><li> 씨앗의 수, 문화, 정원 봉선화 10 ± 1 씨앗, 미즈나의 50 ± 10 씨, Komatsuna 330 ± 20 씨, 그리고 Mescluns의 380 ± 20 씨앗하십시오. 65-75%에 이르기까지 습도 18 ~ 25 °의 C로 측정 동일한 조건을 사용하여 (섹션 2.1.1를 확인하시기 바랍니다). 참고 : 모든 실험은 실험실에서 규정 된 습도 및 온도 범위에서 실내 조건에서 수행 하였다. 습도와 온도가 정적 않았지만 자석 투여군 및 제어를 위해 동일한 조건을 제공 하였다. </li></ol></li></ol> 네 농업 식물 (2) 문화<ol><li> 실험 절차 <ol><li> 제어 및 자석 적용 그룹의 공장과 문화 조건 종의 섹션 1.2.3)을 따릅니다. </li><li> 정원 봉선화의 100 파이 요리의 하단에 1,750 ± 350 가우스 (10,000 가우스 = 1 테슬라)의 세 개의 자석을 적용합니다. 프로그램하는 동안, 세 개의 자석은 종자와 직접 접촉하지 않고, 페트리 접시의 플라스틱 하부로 분리되도록. 씨와 자석 사이의 직접 거리 2-4mm해야합니다. 네 농업 식물 168 시간 (7 일)에 대한 자석을 적용합니다. </li><li> ) 동일 2.1.2의 모든 단계에 이어, 정원 봉선화 문화 판의 하단에 상단과 다른 자석 (마주 S의 측면에 두 개의 자석, 위로 하나 (향 N 측) 상향)을 적용한다. 주 : 기둥 정원 봉선화에서 다르게 적용됩니다. 모든 환경이 방향을 제외하고 동일하지만, 극 방향은 성장 변화에 대한 연구에 중요한 요인으로 간주되지 않습니다자속. 정원 봉선화에 대한 N과 S 극 응용 프로그램의 목적은 극 방향이 관리하기 어려울 수 필드에서 사용하기에 실용적인 능력을 볼 수 있었다. </li></ol></li></ol> 정원 봉선화 3. 튜 불린 염색 <ol><li> 규제 빛 조건과 자석 응용 프로그램 <ol><li> 48 시간 동안 100 밀리미터 판의 바닥 (N 극이 위를 향하도록) 단계 1.2.2에서 조건을 사용하여 두 개의 자석을 배치합니다. 주 : 빛의 수정 내용은 문화 요리는 인큐베이터에서 플라스틱 선반에 배치했다. 인큐베이터는 어두운 곳에서 48 시간 동안 25 ° C에서 빛을 차단하고 유지 온도를 사용 하였다. 결국,이 조건으로 인해 성장 길이의 높은 변형이 실험에서 사용되지 않았다. </li></ol></li><li> 식물 염색 <ol><li> 4 % 파라 포름 알데히드 0.1 M의 단계 3.1.2)와 동일한 조건에서 재배 (줄기와 뿌리 포함) 전체 봉선화 SPP 두 번 꽃 식물을 수정인산염 완충액 (pH 7.4) 15 분. </li><li> 봉선화 시료를 제거하고 완충액 (PBS 2 % 말 혈청 / 1 % 소 혈청 알부민 / 0.1 % 트리톤 X-100, pH를 7.5) 차단시에 2 시간 동안 담가. 15 분 동안 PBS에 침지하여 봉선화 샘플을 씻으십시오. </li><li> 이중 면역 염색의 경우, 함께 샘플을 품어 차 항체, 안티 - 알파 튜 불린 (1 : 1,000), O / N 4 ° C에서. </li><li> 샘플을 제거하고 씻어 10 분 동안 한 번 PBS로 샘플을 담그지. 사용 안티 - 마우스 IgG (1 : 400) FITC 공액 25 ° C에서 2 시간 동안 배양 이차 항체와. </li><li> PBS에서 샘플을 담그고 24 웰 플레이트의 하단에 전체 샘플을 슬립 커버. 튜 불린 방향을 관찰하기 위해 기존의 형광 현미경을 사용하여 이미지를 얻습니다 (λ = 550 nm의, 100X, 200X와 400X로 확대). 주 :이 경우, 상기 자석은 처리 군 (N = 10) 및 제어 (N = 11)만을 비 암 조건에서 배양 정원 발삼 (봉선화)에 대해 확인 하였다. </리&gt; </ol></li></ol> 4. 데이터 수집 방법 <ol><li> 네 농업 식물 성장의 시간 경과 만들기 <ol><li> (이 모든 디지털 카메라에서 수행 될 수있다)에 오토 셔터를 설정하여 10 분 간격으로 식물의 사진. F 3.2 조리개와 400에 ISO 값을 설정합니다. </li><li> 7~10일에 대한 700-900 사진을 수집합니다. 배터리가 소진 될 수 있기 때문에 전선으로 카메라를 연결합니다. </li><li> 클릭 (재료 및 장비 표 참조) 영화 제작 소프트웨어 스트리밍 라인에서 시간적으로 각각의 사진을 놓아 사진을 드래그합니다. 30 ~ 40 초의 영화 전체에 각각 0.045-0.05 초 동일한 기간에 스트리밍 라인에 넣어. 연대 기적 순서대로 각 화상을 선택과 더 어두운 간격이 없도록 확인한다. </li><li> 단계 4.1.3 후, 30 ~ 40 초 시간 경과 비디오 슬라이드로 컴파일 영화를 보장하고 렌더링을 클릭하고 .MPEG 또는 .AVI 형식으로 저장하는 소프트웨어에서 재생 버튼을 클릭합니다. 크기 엄마를위한rkers, 사진의 측면에 캐나다 분기, 미국 페니 및 센티미터자를 사용합니다. </li><li> 통계 분석 (11, 12)에 대한 t의 - 테스트 및 상자의 플롯을 수행합니다. 참고 : 다섯 숫자 요약 그룹이 하한 (L) Q1과 같은 값을 계산하는 데 사용되었다 - Q3 +로 - [1.5 × (Q3 Q1)]와 높은 한도 (H) 값을 [1.5 × (Q3 - Q1) ]. 이 방법은 길이 데이터 컬렉션 11 단계 1.2.2로 통합 하였다. L 및 H 값은이 범위 밖에서 관찰 된 데이터 요소로 간주 될 수있는 특이점 수단 T 분포 플롯의 99 %의 면적을 나타낸다. 묘목 (12)의 높이의 차이를 분석하기 위해 사용되었다 -test 박스 플롯과 학생 t. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The Authors have nothing to disclose.

모든 조건에서, 자석은 배양 접시에서 적용되어야한다. 본 연구는 농작물의 대표 정원 발삼에 초점 여러 농업 종 씨앗 성장률 자계의 영향을 조사했다. 예를 들면, 튜 불린 염색 루트에 분자 수준의 변화를 평가 길이 증식의 자계의 영향을 제시 골격 마이크로 구조 정원 줄기 발삼에 대해 수행 하였다. 모두, 자석의 N 극과 S 극이 장기 (7-10 d)를 이용하여 정원 봉선화 후속 연구에 적용 하였다. 세 가...

발아는 모 (1)의 형성을 초래 식물의 성장이다. 특정 조건에서 종자 발아가 시작되고 배아 조직 성장을 재개. 그것은 발아 효소를 활성화하기 위해 씨앗을 수화로 시작합니다. 종자 1,2- (페트리 접시 나 시험관) 시험 관내에서 발아 유도 될 수있다. 정적 자기장은 로렌츠 힘 3,4의 방법으로 이온 전하와 분자의 움직임을 일으킬 특수 부대입니다. 로렌츠 힘이 형성 될 때 자기장 하에서 이온화 또는 청구 대상 이동한다. 모든 재료는 양자와 전자로 구성되어 원자로 형성된다. 자기장이 존재하게되면, 정적 또는 교류 여부는 충전 재료의 이동에 영향을 미친다. 이것은 또한 식물 세포 내 분자 상태에 영향을 미치는 물 분자에 적용됩니다. 이전 연구에서, 전자기 코일을 사용했다펄스 자기장을 생성하고 &#39;Komatsuna&#39;식물 과목 5로 선정되었다. 본 연구에서는 자석은 정적 자기장이 로렌츠 힘의 확장 연구와 유사한하지만 다른 효과를 제공하는 데 사용되었다 생성. 상기 자기장의 주파수보다는 극성 식물 발아를위한 중요한 요소이다. 자기장의 주파수가 약 10 Hz의 때 이전 연구 최대 발아 속도 제어에 비해 20 % 이상이라고 제안했다. 필드가 역행 방식으로 분리 할 때, 성장 속도가 5를 손상시켰다. 정자기장은 주로 6 발아 및 뿌리 성장 7 초기 성장 6-8에 상당한 효과를 갖는다. 본 연구에서 우리는 자기장을 사용함으로써 농작물의 생장을 조절하는 가능성을 조사하는 고정 자석을 사용했다. 특히, D보고자자계인가의 특정 조건이 문헌에 언급 된 것보다 더 높은 수준으로 성장 속도를 높일 수 있는지 etermine. 식물의 발아 초기 성공적으로 자기장을 이용하여 증가 될 수있는 경우 또한, 화학 비료의 사용을 피할 수있다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Static magnets</td><td>JIM</td><td></td><td>2000Gauss</td></tr><tr><td>2% horse serum/1% bovine serum albumin/0.1% Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>Merged with 55514</td><td>Blocking buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Primary antibody</td><td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td><td>sc-8035</td><td>a-Tubulin</td></tr><tr><td>Secondary antibody</td><td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td><td>sc-2010</td><td>FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG</td></tr><tr><td>time lapse photographic techniques</td><td>Manually controlled</td><td></td><td>ISO value 400 &amp;amp; aperture F 3.2</td></tr><tr><td>Sony Vegas Pro 13.0</td><td>Sony</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

enhancement of the initial growth rate of agricultural plants by using static magnetic fields

전자 디바이스 및 고전압 전선은 자기장을 유도한다. 1,300-2,500 가우스 (0.2 테슬라)의 자기장 (. 브라 시카 라파 var에 perviridis를) 정원 봉선화 (봉선화), 미즈나 (브라 시카 라파 VAR. 자포니카), Komatsuna의 씨앗을 포함하는 배양 접시에 적용하고, Mescluns되었다 (다닥 냉이 속 sativum ). 우리는 배양 접시에서 자석을 적용했다. 응용 프로그램의 4 일 동안, 우리는 줄기와 뿌리 길이가 증가하는 것이 관찰했다. 자기장 치료 (N = 10)를 실시한 그룹 팔일 (p &lt;0.0005)의 합계 대조군 (N = 11)와 비교하여 성장의 1.4 배 빠른 속도를 보였다. 이 비율은 이전 연구에서보고 된 것보다 20 % 높은 수준이다. 튜 불린 복잡한 선은 점을 연결하지 않았지만, 연결 지점은 자석의 응용 프로그램에 발생합니다. 이것은 비정상적인 배열을 제어 수단에서 완전한 차이점을 보여줍니다. 그러나 정확한 원인은 확실하지 않다. 이 입술자석을 적용 성장 증강 ULTS는, 성장 속도 향상과 생산성을 향상하거나, 정적 자기장을인가함으로써 식물의 발아 속도를 제어 할 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 자기장은 식물 세포의 생리적 변화를 일으킬 수 성장을 유도 할 수 있습니다. 따라서, 자기장 자극은 비료의 사용을 회피 할 수 있다는 것을 의미 화학 비료와 마찬가지이다 가능한 효과를 가질 수있다.

튜 불린 염색은 분산 또는 제어 (도 2)에 비해 자석의 존재하에 성장한 식물 구조를 얇게했다. 또한, Komatsuna (브라 시카 라파 var에. perviridis) 및 Mescluns (다닥 냉이 속 sativum)를 포함하여 농업 식물 칠일 시간 경과 연구는 자석이 식물의 초기 성장 (그림 3) 정적 자기장을 증가 파생 된 것으로 나타났다. <p class="jove_content" fo:keep-together.wi...

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Enhancement of the Initial Growth Rate of Agricultural Plants by Using Static Magnetic Fields

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the acceleration of the initial growth rate of plants by applying static magnetic fields with no external energy.

정적 자기장을 사용하여 농업 식물의 초기 성장 속도의 향상

Electronic devices and high-voltage wires induce magnetic fields. A magnetic field of 1,300-2,500 Gauss (0.2 Tesla) was applied to Petri dishes containing ...

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Magnetic Forces and Fields

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13.2K 조회수.  Yonsei University. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the acceleration of the initial growth rate of plants by applying static magnetic fields with no external energy.

비디오: Enhancement of the Initial Growth Rate of Agricultural Plants by Using Static Magnetic Fields

Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

One of the most stimulating observations in plant evolution is a correlation between the occurrence of geomagnetic field (GMF) reversals (or excursions) and the moment of the radiation of Angiosperms. This led to the hypothesis that alterations in GMF polarity may play a role in plant evolution. Here, we describe a method to test this hypothesis by exposing Arabidopsis thaliana to artificially reversed GMF conditions. We used a three-axis magnetometer and the collected data were used to calculate the magnitude of the GMF. Three DC power supplies were connected to three Helmholtz coil pairs and were controlled by a computer to alter the GMF conditions. Plants grown in Petri plates were exposed to both normal and reversed GMF conditions. Sham exposure experiments were also performed. Exposed plants were photographed during the experiment and images were analyzed to calculate root length and leaf areas. Arabidopsis total RNA was extracted and Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qPCR) analyses were performed on gene expression of CRUCIFERIN 3 (CRU3), copper transport protein1 (COTP1), Redox Responsive Transcription Factor1 (RRTF1), Fe Superoxide Dismutase 1, (FSD1), Catalase3 (CAT3), Thylakoidal Ascorbate Peroxidase (TAPX), a cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase1 (APX1), and NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase protein D (RbohD). Four different reference genes were analysed to normalize the results of the qPCR. The best of the four genes was selected and the most stable gene for normalization was used. Our data show for the first time that reversing the GMF polarity using triaxial coils has significant effects on plant growth and gene expression. This supports the hypothesis that GMF reversal contributes to inducing changes in plant development that might justify a higher selective pressure, eventually leading to plant evolution.

Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

This protocol describes a method to test the hypothesis that the reversal of the effective geomagnetic field (GMF) induces differential gene expression and alters the morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana. A triaxial octagonal system of Helmholtz coil-pairs was used to artificially generate reversed GMF conditions in the plant growth chamber.

자기장 (GMF)과 식물 진화 : GMF 반전의 효과에 대한 조사<em&gt; 애기 장대</em&gt; 개발 및 유전자 발현

One of the most stimulating observations in plant evolution is a correlation between the occurrence of geomagnetic field (GMF) reversals (or excursions) ...

연구

발생학

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Robot systems are actively researched for manipulation of natural plants, typically restricted to agricultural automation activities such as harvest, irrigation, and mechanical weed control. Extending this research, we introduce here a novel methodology to manipulate the directional growth of plants via their natural mechanisms for signaling and hormone distribution. An effective methodology of robotic stimuli provision can open up possibilities for new experimentation with later developmental phases in plants, or for new biotechnology applications such as shaping plants for green walls. Interaction with plants presents several robotic challenges, including short-range sensing of small and variable plant organs, and the controlled actuation of plant responses that are impacted by the environment in addition to the provided stimuli. In order to steer plant growth, we develop a group of immobile robots with sensors to detect the proximity of growing tips, and with diodes to provide light stimuli that actuate phototropism. The robots are tested with the climbing common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, in experiments having durations up to five weeks in a controlled environment. With robots sequentially emitting blue light-peak emission at wavelength 465 nm-plant growth is successfully steered through successive binary decisions along mechanical supports to reach target positions. Growth patterns are tested in a setup up to 180 cm in height, with plant stems grown up to roughly 250 cm in cumulative length over a period of approximately seven weeks. The robots coordinate themselves and operate fully autonomously. They detect approaching plant tips by infrared proximity sensors and communicate via radio to switch between blue light stimuli and dormant status, as required. Overall, the obtained results support the effectiveness of combining robot and plant experiment methodologies, for the study of potentially complex interactions between natural and engineered autonomous systems.

Distributed robot nodes provide sequences of blue light stimuli to steer the growth trajectories of climbing plants. By activating natural phototropism, the robots guide the plants through binary left-right decisions, growing them into predefined patterns that by contrast are not possible when the robots are dormant.

유도 된 식물 성장을위한 로봇 감지 및 자극 제공

Robot systems are actively researched for manipulation of natural plants, typically restricted to agricultural automation activities such as harvest, ...

공학

Control and Disposal of Invasive Japanese Knotweed Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Using Microwave Treatment

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of microwave treatment (MWT) at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 800 W to control Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) using a self-propelled device that was built in the in-house facility. The MWT was applied in the field population of knotweed in July 2022. First, plants were mechanically moved from the area of 1 m2, and next, the cut shoots around 4 cm high were microwave-treated for 25 min, 20 min, and 15 min. The control treatments were: 1) only cut plants and 2) rhizomes dug out to 30 cm deep. The effectiveness of the microwave treatments was observed for the next 11 months by counting the number of newly grown shoots. The results showed that a 25 min MWT was 100% effective in Japanese knotweed loss of vitality, while a 15 min MWT microwave treatment stimulated plant growth by around 50%, compared to controls. Rhizomes were dug out in a separate in vitro experiment for laboratory testing. The rhizomes were categorized by thickness and subjected to a 60 s MWT using a commercial microwave, after which their temperature and vitality were assessed. The temperature of rhizomes following MWT depended on their thickness. Those rhizomes that warmed to temperatures above 42 &#176;C were effectively destroyed. Summing up, the time plants are exposed to microwaves plays a major role in the effectiveness of this method. The longer the exposure to MWT, the better control. The thinner the rhizomes, the more effective the in vitro MWT rhizomes disposal.

This protocol provides a method for microwave control of Japanese knotweed in the field and disposal of dug-up rhizomes in laboratory conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed. Future research directions are also suggested to optimize the use of microwaves for controlling Japanese knotweed.

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of microwave treatment (MWT) at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 800 W to control Japanese knotweed ...

환경과학

3D Magnetic Stem Cell Aggregation and Bioreactor Maturation for Cartilage Regeneration

Cartilage engineering remains a challenge due to the difficulties in creating an in vitro functional implant similar to the native tissue. An approach recently explored for the development of autologous replacements involves the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes. To initiate this chondrogenesis, a degree of compaction of the stem cells is required; hence, we demonstrated the feasibility of magnetically condensing cells, both within thick scaffolds and scaffold-free, using miniaturized magnetic field sources as cell attractors. This magnetic approach was also used to guide aggregate fusion and to build scaffold-free, organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissues several millimeters in size. In addition to having an enhanced size, the tissue formed by magnetic-driven fusion presented a significant increase in the expression of collagen II, and a similar trend was observed for aggrecan expression. As the native cartilage was subjected to forces that influenced its 3D structure, dynamic maturation was also performed. A bioreactor that provides mechanical stimuli was used to culture the magnetically seeded scaffolds over a 21-day period. Bioreactor maturation largely improved chondrogenesis into the cellularized scaffolds; the extracellular matrix obtained under these conditions was rich in collagen II and aggrecan. This work outlines the innovative potential of magnetic condensation of labeled stem cells and dynamic maturation in a bioreactor for improved chondrogenic differentiation, both scaffold-free and within polysaccharide scaffolds.

Chondrogenesis from stem cells requires fine tuning the culture conditions. Here, we present a magnetic approach for condensing cells, an essential step to initiate chondrogenesis. In addition, we show that dynamic maturation in a bioreactor applies mechanical stimulation to the cellular constructs and enhances cartilaginous extracellular matrix production.

연골 재생을위한 3D 자기 줄기 세포 집계 및 생물 반응기 성숙

Cartilage engineering remains a challenge due to the difficulties in creating an in vitro functional implant similar to the native tissue. An approach ...

생체공학

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

A neuron will fire an action potential when its membrane potential exceeds a certain threshold. In typical activity of the brain, this occurs as a result of chemical inputs to its synapses. However, neurons can also be excited by an imposed electric field. In particular, recent clinical applications activate neurons by creating an electric field externally. It is therefore of interest to investigate how the neuron responds to the external field and what causes the action potential. Fortunately, precise and controlled application of an external electric field is possible for embryonic neuronal cells that are excised, dissociated and grown in cultures. This allows the investigation of these questions in a highly reproducible system.
In this paper some of the techniques used for controlled application of external electric field on neuronal cultures are reviewed. The networks can be either one dimensional, i.e. patterned in linear forms or allowed to grow on the whole plane of the substrate, and thus two dimensional. Furthermore, the excitation can be created by the direct application of electric field via electrodes immersed in the fluid (bath electrodes) or by inducing the electric field using the remote creation of magnetic pulses.

Neuronal cultures are a good model for studying emerging brain stimulation techniques via their effect on single neurons or a population of neurons. Presented here are different methods for stimulation of patterned neuronal cultures by an electric field produced directly by bath electrodes or induced by a time-varying magnetic field.

전기 단일 및 두 개 차원 문화에 자기장을 사용하여 신경 세포의 외부인가 전압

A neuron will fire an action potential when its membrane potential exceeds a certain threshold. In typical activity of the brain, this occurs as a result ...

신경과학

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Electric fields (EFs) and magnetic fields (MFs) have been widely used by tissue engineering to improve cell dynamics such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, morphology, and molecular synthesis. However, variables such stimuli strength and stimulation times need to be considered when stimulating either cells, tissues or scaffolds. Given that EFs and MFs vary according to cellular response, it remains unclear how to build devices that generate adequate biophysical stimuli to stimulate biological samples. In fact, there is a lack of evidence regarding the calculation and distribution when biophysical stimuli are applied. This protocol is focused on the design and manufacture of devices to generate EFs and MFs and implementation of a computational methodology to predict biophysical stimuli distribution inside and outside of biological samples. The EF device was composed of two parallel stainless-steel electrodes located at the top and bottom of biological cultures. Electrodes were connected to an oscillator to generate voltages (50, 100, 150 and 200 Vp-p) at 60 kHz. The MF device was composed of a coil, which was energized with a transformer to generate a current (1 A) and voltage (6 V) at 60 Hz. A polymethyl methacrylate support was built to locate the biological cultures in the middle of the coil. The computational simulation elucidated the homogeneous distribution of EFs and MFs inside and outside of biological tissues. This computational model is a promising tool that can modify parameters such as voltages, frequencies, tissue morphologies, well plate types, electrodes and coil size to estimate the EFs and MFs to achieve a cellular response.

This protocol describes the step-by-step process to build both electrical and magnetic stimulators used to stimulate biological tissues. The protocol includes a guideline to simulate computationally electric and magnetic fields and manufacture of stimulator devices.

생물학적 조직의 자극을 위한 전기 및 자기장 장치

Electric fields (EFs) and magnetic fields (MFs) have been widely used by tissue engineering to improve cell dynamics such as proliferation, migration, ...

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short period of time. However, this technology is only just beginning to be applied to large-scale production as many technological obstacles to scale up are now being overcome. Here, we demonstrate a simple and reproducible method for industrial-scale transient protein production based on vacuum infiltration of Nicotiana plants with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors. Optimization of Agrobacterium cultivation in AB medium allows direct dilution of the bacterial culture in Milli-Q water, simplifying the infiltration process. Among three tested species of Nicotiana, N. excelsiana (N. benthamiana &#215; N. excelsior) was selected as the most promising host due to the ease of infiltration, high level of reporter protein production, and about two-fold higher biomass production under controlled environmental conditions. Induction of Agrobacterium harboring pBID4-GFP (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) using chemicals such as acetosyringone and monosaccharide had no effect on the protein production level. Infiltrating plant under 50 to 100 mbar for 30 or 60 sec resulted in about 95% infiltration of plant leaf tissues. Infiltration with Agrobacterium laboratory strain GV3101 showed the highest protein production compared to Agrobacteria laboratory strains LBA4404 and C58C1 and wild-type Agrobacteria strains at6, at10, at77 and A4. Co-expression of a viral RNA silencing suppressor, p23 or p19, in N. benthamiana resulted in earlier accumulation and increased production (15-25%) of target protein (influenza virus hemagglutinin).

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Transient protein production in Nicotiana plants based on vacuum infiltration with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) is a rapid and economic approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins. We simplified the procedure and improved target accumulation by optimizing conditions of bacteria cultivation, selecting host species, and co-introducing RNA silencing suppressors.

최적화 및 활용<em&gt; 아그로 박테 리움</em에서&gt; 매개 과도 단백질 생산<em&gt;는 담배</em

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short ...

생물학

Growing Magnetotactic Bacteria of the Genus Magnetospirillum: Strains MSR-1, AMB-1 and MS-1

Magnetotactic bacteria are Gram-negative, motile, mainly aquatic prokaryotes ubiquitous in freshwater and marine habitats. They are characterized by their ability to biomineralize magnetosomes, which are magnetic nanometer-sized crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, within their cytoplasm. For most known magnetotactic bacteria, magnetosomes are assembled in chains inside the cytoplasm, thereby conferring a permanent magnetic dipole moment to the cells and causing them to align passively with external magnetic fields. Because of these specific features, magnetotactic bacteria have a great potential for commercial and medical applications. However, most species are microaerophilic and have specific O2 concentration requirements, making them more difficult to grow routinely than many other bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here we present detailed protocols for growing three of the most widely studied strains of magnetotactic bacteria, all belonging to the genus Magnetospirillum. These methods allow for precise control of the O2 concentration made available to the bacteria, in order to ensure that they grow normally and synthesize magnetosomes. Growing magnetotactic bacteria for further studies using these procedures does not require the experimentalist to be an expert in microbiology. The general methods presented in this article may also be used to isolate and culture other magnetotactic bacteria, although it is likely that growth media chemical composition will need to be modified.

Growing Magnetotactic Bacteria of the Genus Magnetospirillum: Strains MSR-1, AMB-1 and MS-1

We present a procedure for growing several strains of Magnetospirillum in two different types of growth media. Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 is grown in both liquid and O2 concentration gradient semi-solid media while M. magneticum strain AMB-1 and M. magnetotacticum strain MS-1 are grown in liquid medium.

속 Magnetospirillum의 Magnetotactic 박테리아 성장: 변종 MSR-1, 자녀-1 및 MS-1

Magnetotactic bacteria are Gram-negative, motile, mainly aquatic prokaryotes ubiquitous in freshwater and marine habitats. They are characterized by their ...

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T

This protocol describes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calibration and sample preparation method for solenoidal microcoils combined with biological samples, designed for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), also referred to as MR microscopy (MRM). It may be used at pre-clinical MRI spectrometers, demonstrated on Medicago truncatula root samples. Microcoils increase sensitivity by matching the size of the RF resonator to the size of the sample of interest, thereby enabling higher image resolutions in a given data acquisition time. Due to the relatively simple design, solenoidal microcoils are straightforward and cheap to construct and can be easily adapted to the sample requirements. Systematically, we explain how to calibrate new or home-built microcoils, using a reference solution. The calibration steps include: pulse power determination using a nutation curve; estimation of RF-field homogeneity; and calculating a volume-normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using standard pulse sequences. Important steps in sample preparation for small biological samples are discussed, as well as possible mitigating factors such as magnetic susceptibility differences. The applications of an optimized solenoid coil are demonstrated by high-resolution (13 x 13 x 13 &#956;m3, 2.2 pL) 3D imaging of a root sample.

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T

A protocol to study biological tissue at high spatial resolution using ultra-high field magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) using microcoils is presented. Step-by-step instructions are provided for characterizing the microcoils. Finally, optimization of imaging is demonstrated on plant roots.

MRM 마이크로코일 성능 교정 및 사용 에 설명 된 메디카고 트런카툴라 뿌리에 22 T

This protocol describes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calibration and sample preparation method for solenoidal microcoils combined with biological ...

Stimulation of Patterned Neuronal Cultures by a Magnetic Field

Source: Stern, S., et al., <a href="https://appjove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/54357">External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video demonstrates a method for stimulating neuronal cultures grown in a patterned circular ring on a coverslip, using a time-varying magnetic field.

자기장에 의한 패턴화된 신경 배양의 자극(Stimulation of patterned neuronal cultures by a magnetic field)

1. Preparation of coverslips for 1D cultures.

	Clean glass coverslips by immersion in a base piranha solution consisting of 75 mL DDW, 25 mL 25% ammonia ...

정적 자기장을 사용하여 농업 식물의 초기 성장 속도의 향상

요약

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자기장 (GMF)과 식물 진화 : GMF 반전의 효과에 대한 조사