저자는 트리 크롬 염색 및 분석에 대한 도움말은 워싱턴 대학의 조직학의 브라이언 존슨과 이미징 코어 감사합니다. 이 작품은 NIH 보조금 HL098067 및 HL089455에 의해 지원되었다.

미국과 삼목 시나이 의료 센터의 대학 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)는 이러한 연구에 필요한 동물 작업을 승인했다. 1. 준비 <ol><li> 무딘 엔드 집게와 억압자를 통해 오토 클레이브를 모두 소독. </li><li> 생물 안전 캐비닛을 사용하여 동결 건조 분말 PBS에서 BLM의 작업 주식을 준비합니다. 혼합조차 보장 35 kHz에서 10 분 동안 초음파 처리 용액. 참고 : μL (30) 사이에 45의 총 부피는 큰 볼륨과 피펫의 로우 엔드에 변화하고, 질식을 방지하는 것이 좋습니다. </li><li> 약 1 절차 자체에 대한 평방 미터뿐만 아니라 전 시술 후 모두 케이지에 대한 지정된 위치를 포함하는 깨끗한 작업 공간을 준비합니다. </li><li> 베이스와 underl를 통해 실험실 테이프의 2 또는 3 스트립을 마련하여 즉시 연구원 앞의 벤치에 프로 시저 보드의 기본 수정벤치 잉. 보드를 만드는 방법에 대한 자세한 사양은 그림 1을 참조하십시오. </li><li> 절차 기판의 두 개의 위치 사이의 나사 크기 4.0 봉합 실의 단일 길이 넥타이. </li><li> 제거하고 1 ㎖의 세 주사기에서 플런저를 폐기하고, 기밀 밀봉을 형성하여 배럴의 상부에 PBS 60 μL를 증착함으로써 임시 폐활량계를 생성한다. 느슨하게 주사기 중 하나에 카테터의 허브를 안전하고 보드의 한쪽에 놓습니다. </li><li> 1 ML의 주사기에 공기의 흡인 300 μL와 보드의 한쪽에 놓습니다. </li><li> 한쪽으로 테이프 길이와 장소에 약 6 인치의 추가 조각을 잘라. 이 단계 2.4 보드 동물을 보호하는 데 사용된다. </li><li> 이소 플루 란 실을 설정합니다. 노출 챔버와 통관 진공 모두에서 해당 포트에 O (2), 이소 플루 란, 진공을 연결합니다. 또는에서 마취를 관리 이소 플루 란 호환 생물학적안전 캐비닛. </li></ol> 2. 삽관 <ol><li> 이 의식을 잃고 호흡이 적절한 속도로 감속 할 때까지 실에서 이소 플루 란과 마우스를 마취. 전형적인 노출 3-4 분 동안 4 % 이소 플루 란 2 % O 2를 포함하고, 최적의 결과는 마취 2-2.5 분이다. 이 한 숨을 2 초마다의 호흡 속도에 해당한다. </li><li> 한쪽으로 피펫과 장소에 BLM 30, 45 μl의 사이에 설정하는 진정 작용, 흡인 기다리는 동안. </li><li> 준비가되면, 절차 플랫폼의 위치에 장착 나사 스레드에서 상부 앞니에 의해 마우스를 진정 중단. 동물의 배부 플랫폼 표면에 평평하게 놓여 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 환기를 제한하지 않도록주의이기 때문에, 그냥 진동판 위에 느슨하게 흉강의 하단 (꼬리) 부분에서 테이프의 조각을 놓습니다. 위치는 PROC 동안 적절한 정렬을 유지하기 위해 꽉 충분해야한다edure하지만 호흡을 제한 너무 꽉 없습니다. </li><li> 80 % 내지 100 %의 강도로 조명을 켜고 명치 부근의 피부 표면 1~2cm,되도록 거위의 방향. 주기적으로 마우스를 손상하지 않도록 열을 위해 거위의 끝을 확인합니다. </li><li> 플랫폼 뒤에 ​​서, 혀의 위치를​​ 살균, 무딘 엔드 집게를 사용합니다. 아래 앞니, 부드럽게 그립을 방지하고 구강 밖으로 혀를 그릴 조심. </li><li> 나머지 손을 사용하여, 억압 물을 넣고 구강의 바닥에 평평하게 혀를 사용. 집게를 해제하지만 다음 두 단계를위한 장소에 억압자 둡니다. </li><li> 기관지 그것이 mainstem 기관지의 수준에 도달 할 때까지 명치의 레벨로부터 근위 거위 안내하여 볼 수 있도록 빛의 방향. 주 : 기관지 용이 호흡 작용에 의해 구별 될 수 있으며, WHI채널은 강도가 변동하는 방출되는 빛을 발생합니다. 정확하게 위치 할 때,이 구조는 구강 자체 최소한의 주변 조명과 빛의 중앙에 위치한 핀과 같은 축 평면에서 식별 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 각도가 직선 루멘, 액 적을 함유 연결된 주사기, 기관의 천연 경로를 따르며, 22-G 카테터 팁을 낮추도록 주사기. PBS 거품이 상승하고 성공적인 위치에 따라 각각의 호흡과 가을에 시작됩니다. 참고 :이 작업은 깊은 진정 작용의 결과로 몇 초 정도 지연 될 수 있습니다. </li><li> 추가 5mm에서 카테터 피드. 혀를 제거 억압자. </li><li> 부드럽게 주사기를 제거, 반대 손으로 주사기를 이동하고, 허브를 파지. </li><li> 카테터 허브의 내부의 중심으로 BLM 30 45 μL 사이 금고는 제 2 주사기를 연결하고 허브에 공기의 300 μL 분주. </li><li> 두 번째 교체제 PBS의 기포를 함유하는 주사기. 거품 상승과 절차가 성공적으로 수행 된 경우 떨어질 것입니다. </li></ol> 3. 후 절차 케어 <ol><li> 카테터 및 테이프를 제거하고 의식을 회복 할 때까지 건조 따뜻한 장소에서 동물을 배치 - 일반적으로 몇 분 내에. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

에어로졸 인해 제한 시약 가용성, 안전성, 또는 비용이 비현실적 경우에, 직접 기관 행정부는 폐에 외인성 에이전트의 전달을위한 우수한 방법이다 16 Transtracheal의 점안이 광범위하게이 작업을 수행하는 데 사용되었습니다.; 그러나, 모든 외과 적 개입, 그것은 또한 그것 절차 자체에 의한 합병증의 가능성을 수행하고, 반드시 제가 주입된다. (13) 이러한 이유로, 삽관...

일부 해부학 적 생리 학적 차이에도 불구하고, 1 뮤린 모델 사육 관점에서 인간 생물학 및 질환 발병. 2 모델링 헤아릴 수, 마우스, 취급하기 쉬운 낮은 사육 시간 가속 수명을 가지며, 상대적으로 저렴 계속 집입니다. 다양한 유전자 변형 전략 (예., 조건부 녹아웃 리포터 마우스 계통 추적 방법 등)뿐만 아니라, 가능한 시약의 다양한 (예., 항체, 재조합 단백질 억제제의 개발과 함께, 등), 마우스는 인간의 질병 및 항상성 과정을 밝히기 위해서 필수적인 모델 척추 생물되었다. (3) 마우스는 인간의 4 ALI는 외상, 부상 또는 패혈증으로 인해 발생할 수 있습니다. 급성 폐 손상 (ALI) 및 폐 섬유증을 포함한 폐 조건을 공부에 특히 유용되었습니다 상피을 특징으로하고내피 누출 (예., 부종), 염증 및 초기 섬유화. 많은 환자에서 ALI 종종 인한 호흡 부전으로 사망 섬유증 결과의 중증 급성 호흡 곤란 증후군 (ARDS)으로 진행한다. 5,6- 폐 섬유증은 세포 외 기질의 과잉 증착 특징 진보적 인 심각한 병리학 , 특히. 나는 장애인 폐 기능을 선도, 콜라겐 블레오 마이신 (BLM)의 7,8 관리를 입력 한 실험 동물에 ALI 및 섬유화를 유도하기 위해 가장 널리 사용되는 최고의 특성화 된 모델입니다. (9) 설치류에 폐 섬유증을 BLM 유발하지만 않습니다 완전히 인간의 섬유 성 표현형은,이 모델 (10) 마우스 연구는 발병과 질병의 진행에 영향을 미치는 여러 중요한 요인의 발견을 주도 요점을 되풀이하지. (11) BLM 유도 섬유화 뒤에 정확한 메커니즘 (들)를 알 수 있지만, 개시 부상전도기도 및 폐포, 특히 제 1 형 pneumocytes 라이닝 상피 세포의 접촉에 의존하는 DNA 가닥 나누기에서 발생하는 것으로 생각된다. (12) BLM과 폐 상피 세포 사이의 직접 접촉에 대한 필요성은 강력한 전달 경로의 중요성을 강조 그리고 이러한 우려는 재조합 단백질, 항체, siRNA를, 바이러스, 박테리아, 미립자 등을 포함한 말초기도를 대상으로 치료의 넓은 범위에 밀접한 있습니다. 인두 흡인 (OPA)는 이러한 목적 13 널리 사용되었지만, OPA의 주요 단점은 전달 제의 일부가되어 투여 용량으로 부정확 선도 위장관으로 삼킬 수 있다는 것이다. 널리 사용되는 또 다른 방법은 직접 호흡기에 제의 기관지 점적 및 노출 강한 마취 기관 절개술을 포함 transtracheal 점안이다. (14) 그러나, 그러한 수도절차 인해 invasivity에 바람직하지 않을 수 있지만, 또한, 시간 소모적 인 훈련 공정한 비트가 필요하며으로 제제의 직접 투여를 포함한다. 15,16 여러 프로토콜들이 개발되었다 호흡기 잠재적 손상을 일으키는 수술 개입 없이도기도가 16,17,18,19,20 그러나 이러한 방법은 확장 된 것을 포함 복구 시간 강력한 마취제로 인한 고가 장비의 사용 (예., 이경 / 후두경 시판 절차 보드, 광섬유 투여 량에 관한 와이어 등), 구강 조작 과량 불확실성. 이 논문은 연구자가 신속, 저렴하고 안정적​​으로 주변 조직에 잔류 손상의 제한으로 위험 쥐의 폐에 시약을 주입 할 수 있습니다 삽관을 통한 행정의 비교적 쉬운 방법을 설명합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1528">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:481px;">Bleomycin For Injection, 30 units/vial</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">103720</td>
			<td style="width:604px;">For best results, BLM should be suspended in PBS, aliquoted, and stored as single use lyophilzed aliquots</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blunt End Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tongue Depressor (i.e. bent Valleylab Blade Electrode, 2.4&#34;)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Covidien</td>
			<td>E1551G</td>
			<td>Before use, create a 45 degree bend 1.5 cm&#160; from the blade tip. A suitable depressor can also be created from any metal implement of similar dimensions.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Exel Safelet Catheter 22G X 1&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Exel International</td>
			<td>26746</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 mL Slip-tip Disposable Tuberculin Syringe (200/sp, 1600/ca)</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.2ml Pipettor and Filter Tips</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:481px;">Fiber-Lite Illuminator. Model 181-1: Model 180 mated with Standard Dual Gooseneck illuminator</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Dolan Jenner Industries, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">181-1</td>
			<td>Lower output LED illuminators are not recommended as they fail to suficiently illuminate the trachea.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Intubation Board</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td>See Diagram 1.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Colored Label Tape: 0.5&#160;in. Wide</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>15-901-15A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Oxygen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate-Buffered Saline, 1X</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Corning</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td>Product should be sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Silk Black Braided Suture Spool, 91.4 m, Size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>517698</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Table Top Anesthesia Machine Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Highland Medical Equipment</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>http://www.highlandmedical.net/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide Top Induction Mouse Isoflurane Chamber</td>
			<td>MIP / Anesthesia Technologies</td>
			<td>AS-01-0530-SM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FORANE (isoflurane, USP) Liquid For Inhalation 100 mL&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Baxter</td>
			<td>1001936040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Nanozoomer Digital Pathology system</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Hamamatsu</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IgM ELISA Quantification Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Bethyl Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">E90-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved method for rapid intubation of the trachea in mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

삽관 마우스는 체중 감소와 고통에 대해 매일 모니터링, 2.5 % 2,2,2- tribromoethanol의 복강 내 주사를 통해 4, 10 또는 제 17 일 후에 희생되었다. 기관지 폐포 세척액 (BAL)는 PBS 세 세척에 수집 된 21 곳 바와 같이 , 오른쪽 폐는 10 % 포르말린에 고정 된 파라핀, 워싱턴 조직학 및 이미징 코어 (22)의 대학에 의해 메이슨의 트리 크롬 염색 하였다. <p cla...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice at JoVE.com

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

마우스의기도 신속 삽관 용 개선 된 방법

이 문서에서는 삽관을 통해 마우스 기관에 직접 블레오 마이신 관리를위한 신속하고 간단한 방법을 제공합니다. 이러한 방법의 주요 장점은 마스터 높은 재현성 쉽고, 특수 장비 나 긴 회복 시간을 요구하지 않는다는 점이다.

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

an-improved-method-for-rapid-intubation-of-the-trachea-in-mice

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

25.0K 조회수.  University of Washington.  이 문서에서는 삽관을 통해 마우스 기관에 직접 블레오 마이신 관리를위한 신속하고 간단한 방법을 제공합니다. 이러한 방법의 주요 장점은 마스터 높은 재현성 쉽고, 특수 장비 나 긴 회복 시간을 요구하지 않는다는 점이다. 

비디오: An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients is often required especially in difficult airways of syndromic patients i.e. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Small babies will desaturate very quickly if ventilation is interrupted mainly to high metabolic rate. We describe guidelines to perform a safe fiberoptic intubation while maintaining spontaneous breathing throughout the procedure. Steps requiring the use of propofol pump, fentanyl, glycopyrrolate, red rubber catheter, metal insuflation hook, afrin, lubricant and lidocaine spray are shown.

We describe guidelines to perform a safe and efficient elective fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients while maintaining spontaneous ventilation.

선택 소아 Fiberoptic 삽관법에 대한 지침

Fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients is often required especially in difficult airways of syndromic patients i.e. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Small ...

연구

의학

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. This is largely true, but there are a number of important principles that can reduce the difficulty of these procedures and enhance reproducibility. Orthotopic aortic transplantation is an excellent procedure in which to learn these principles because it involves only two end-to-end anastomoses, but requires good suturing technique and handling of the vessels for consistent success. This procedure begins with the procurement of a length of abdominal aorta from a donor animal, followed by division of the native aorta in the recipient. The procured aorta is then placed between the divided ends of the recipient aorta and sutured into place using end-to-end anastomoses. To accomplish this objective successfully requires a high degree of concentration, good tools, a steady hand, and an appreciation of how easily the vasculature of a mouse can be damaged, resulting in thrombosis. Learning these important principles is what occupies most of the beginner's time when learning microsurgery in small rodents. Throughout this protocol, we refer to these important points. This model can be used to study vascular disease in a variety of different experimental systems1-8. In the context shown here, it is most often used for the study of post-transplant vascular disease, a common long-term complication of solid organ transplantation in which intimal hyperplasia occurs within the allograft. The primary advantage of the model is that it facilitates quantitative morphometric analyses and the transplanted vessel lies contiguous to the endogenous vessel, which can serve as an additional control9. The technique shown here is most often used for mice weighing 18-25 grams. We have accumulated most of our experience using the C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and C3H/HeJ strains.

We describe a technique in which a section of the abdominal aorta from a mouse is transplanted orthotopically to just below the renal arteries in an allogeneic or syngeneic recipient. This technique can be useful in studies in which transplantation of large arteries of uniform size is deemed advantageous.

혈관 질병의 연구에 대한 마우스의 Orthotopic 대동맥 이식

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. ...

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are necessary for whole animal experiments that require surgery under deep anesthesia or measurements of lung function. Tracheostomy has been the standard for intubating the airway in these mice to allow mechanical ventilation. Orotracheal intubation has been reported but has not been successfully used in many studies because of the substantial technical difficulty or a requirement for highly specialized and expensive equipment. Here we report a technique of direct laryngoscopy using an otoscope fitted with a 2.0 mm speculum and using a 20 G&#160;intravenous catheter as an endotracheal tube. We have used this technique extensively and reliably to intubate and conduct accurate assessments of lung function in mice. This technique has proven safe, with essentially no animal loss in experienced hands. Moreover, this technique can be used for repeated studies of mice in chronic models.

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

We have developed a simple, reliable, and relatively inexpensive method for endotracheal intubation in mice via direct laryngoscopy using an otoscope with a 2.0 mm speculum. This technique is atraumatic and can be used for repeated measurements in chronic experiments. We find it superior to tracheostomy or previously reported nonsurgical techniques.

마우스의 기관 내 삽관<em&gt;를 통해</em이경 사용&gt; 직접 후두경

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or expensive animal. One of the reasons that this is not done more routinely is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper we demonstrate a procedure that eliminates one of the major hurdles associated with this intubation, that of visualizing the trachea during the entire time of intubation. The approach uses a 0.5 mm fiberoptic light source that serves as an introducer to direct the intubation cannula into the mouse trachea. We show that it is possible to use this procedure to measure lung mechanics in individual mice over a time course of at least several weeks. The technique can be set up with relatively little expense and expertise, and it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice, thereby minimizing the number of mice needed and increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.

This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.

마우스 폐 삽관 법의 간단한 방법

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models based on pBECs in mono-culture (MC), MC with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), and non-contact co-culture (NCC) with astrocytes of porcine or rat origin. pBECs were isolated and cultured from fragments of capillaries from the brain cortices of domestic pigs 5-6 months old. These fragments were purified by careful removal of meninges, isolation and homogenization of grey matter, filtration, enzymatic digestion, and centrifugation. To further eliminate contaminating cells, the capillary fragments were cultured with puromycin-containing medium. When 60-95% confluent, pBECs growing from the capillary fragments were passaged to permeable membrane filter inserts and established in the models. To increase barrier tightness and BBB characteristic phenotype of pBECs, the cells were treated with the following differentiation factors: membrane permeant 8-CPT-cAMP (here abbreviated cAMP), hydrocortisone, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RO-20-1724 (RO). The procedure was carried out over a period of 9-11 days, and when establishing the NCC model, the astrocytes were cultured 2-8 weeks in advance. Adherence to the described procedures in the protocol has allowed the establishment of endothelial layers with highly restricted paracellular permeability, with the NCC model showing an average transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of 1249 &#177; 80 &#937; cm2, and paracellular permeability (Papp) for Lucifer Yellow of 0.90 10-6 &#177; 0.13 10-6 cm sec-1 (mean &#177; SEM, n=55). Further evaluation of this pBEC phenotype showed good expression of the tight junctional proteins claudin 5, ZO-1, occludin and adherens junction protein p120 catenin. The model presented can be used for a range of studies of the BBB in health and disease and, with the highly restrictive paracellular permeability, this model is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking.

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

The aim of the protocol is to present an optimized procedure for the establishment of an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model based on primary porcine brain endothelial cells (pBECs). The model shows high reproducibility, high tightness, and is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking in drug discovery.

생체 외에서 혈액-뇌 장벽 돼지 뇌 내 피 세포를 기반으로 하는 모델의 설립에 대 한 방법 개선

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) ...

Assessment and Characterization of Hyaloid Vessels in Mice

In the eye, the embryonic hyaloid vessels nourish the developing lens and retina and regress when the retinal vessels develop. Persistent or failed regression of hyaloid vessels can be seen in diseases such as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), leading to an obstructed light path and impaired visual function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the hyaloid vessel regression may lead to new molecular insights into the vascular regression process and potential new ways to manage diseases with persistent hyaloid vessels. Here we describe the procedures for imaging hyaloid in live mice with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and a detailed technical protocol of isolating and flat-mounting hyaloid ex vivo for quantitative analysis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) knockout mice were used as an experimental model of persistent hyaloid vessels, to illustrate the techniques. Together, these techniques may facilitate a thorough assessment of hyaloid vessels as an experimental model of vascular regression and studies on the mechanism of persistent hyaloid vessels.

This protocol describes both in vivo and ex vivo methods to fully visualize and characterize hyaloid vessels, a model of vascular regression in mouse eyes, using optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography for the live imaging and ex vivo isolation and subsequent flat mount of hyaloid for quantitative analysis.

쥐에서 히알로이드 혈관의 평가 및 특성화

In the eye, the embryonic hyaloid vessels nourish the developing lens and retina and regress when the retinal vessels develop. Persistent or failed ...

A Revised Method for Inducing Secondary Lymphedema in the Hindlimb of Mice

Animal models are of paramount importance in the research of lymphedema in order to understand the pathophysiology of the disease but also to explore potential treatment options. This mouse model allows researchers to induce significant lymphedema lasting at least 8 weeks. Lymphedema is induced using a combination of fractioned radiotherapy and surgical ablation of lymphatics. This model requires that the mice get a dose of 10 Gray (Gy) radiation before and after surgery. The surgical part of the model involves ligation of three lymph vessels and extraction of two lymph nodes from the mouse hindlimb. Having access to microsurgical tools and a microscope is essential, due to the small anatomical structures of mice. The advantage of this model is that it results in statistically significant lymphedema, which provides a good basis for evaluating different treatment options. It is also a great and easily available option for microsurgical training. The limitation of this model is that the procedure can be time consuming, especially if not practiced in advance. The model results in objectively quantifiable lymphedema in mice, without causing severe morbidity and has been tested in three separate projects.

This animal model enables researchers to induce statistically significant secondary lymphedema in the hindlimb of mice, lasting at least 8 weeks. The model can be used to study the pathophysiology of lymphedema and to investigate novel treatment options.

마우스의 힌들보에서 보조 림프부종을 유도하기위한 개정 된 방법

Animal models are of paramount importance in the research of lymphedema in order to understand the pathophysiology of the disease but also to explore ...

Repeated Orotracheal Intubation in Mice

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ventral neck for direct confirmation of cannula placement in the trachea. The relative difficulty or the tissue trauma induced to the subject by such procedures can be an impediment to an investigator&#8217;s ability to perform longitudinal studies. This article illustrates a technique in which physical manipulation of the mouse following the use of a depilatory to remove hair from the ventral neck permits transcutaneous visualization of the trachea for orotracheal intubation regardless of degree of skin pigmentation. This method is innocuous to the subject and easily achieved with a limited understanding of murine anatomy. This refined approach facilitates repeated intubation, which may be necessary for monitoring progression of disease or instillation of treatments. Using this method may result in a reduction of the number of animals and technical skill required to measure lung function in mouse models of respiratory disease.

The goal of this article is to describe a refined method of intubation of the laboratory mouse. The method is noninvasive and, therefore, ideal for studies that require serial monitoring of respiratory function and/or instillation of treatments into the lung.

마우스에서 반복된 Orotracheal 삽관

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ...

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily and highly reproducible MI induction procedure is required to obtain further insight and better understanding of the underlying pathological changes. This procedure can also be used to evaluate the effects or potency of new and promising treatments (as drugs or interventions) in acute MI, subsequent remodeling and heart failure (HF). After intubation and pre-operative preparation of the animal, an anesthetic protocol with isoflurane was performed, and the surgical procedure was conducted&#160;quickly. Using a minimally invasive approach, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was located and occluded by a ligature. The occlusion can be performed acutely for subsequent reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion injury). Alternatively, the vessel can be ligated permanently to investigate the development of chronic MI, remodeling or HF. Despite common pitfalls, the drop-out rates are minimal. Various treatments such as remote ischemic conditioning can be examined for their cardioprotective potential pre-, peri- and post-operatively. The post-operative recovery was quick as the anesthesia was precisely controlled and the duration of the operation was short. Post-operative analgesia was administered for three days. The minimally invasive procedure reduces the risk of infection and inflammation. Furthermore, it facilitates rapid recovery. The &#8220;working heart&#8221; measurements were performed ex vivo and enabled precise control of preload, afterload and flow. This procedure requires specific equipment and training for adequate performance. This manuscript provides a detailed step-by-step introduction for conducting these measurements.

This article presents an efficient method to perform myocardial ischemia and subsequent chronic reperfusion in rats using a minimally invasive approach. In addition, left ventricular hemodynamic function of rats is assessed by echocardiography and isolated working heart methods.&#160;

쥐의 심근 경색과 격리 된 작업 심장 시스템에 의한 심장 기능 평가를 유도하는 반 최소 침습 적 방법

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...

A Modified Simple Method for Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the leading causes of death. MI models are widely used for investigating the pathomechanisms of post-MI remodeling and evaluation of novel therapeutics. Different methods (e.g., isoproterenol treatment, cryoinjury, coronary artery ligation, etc.) have been used to induce MI. Compared with isoproterenol treatment and cryoinjury, coronary artery ligation may better reflect the ischemic response and chronic remodeling after MI. However, traditional methods for coronary ligation in mice are technically challenging. The current study describes a simple and efficient process for induction of MI in mice with readily available materials. The mouse chest skin was cut open under stable anesthesia. The heart was immediately externalized through the intercostal space after blunt separation of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The left anterior descending branch (LAD) was ligated with a 6-0 suture 3 mm from its origin. Following LAD ligation, staining with 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) indicated successful induction of MI and temporal changes of post-MI scar size. Meanwhile, survival analysis results showed overt mortality within 7 days after MI, mainly due to cardiac rupture. Moreover, post-MI echocardiographic assessment demonstrated successful induction of contractile dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Once mastered, an MI model can be established in mice within 2-3 min with readily available materials.

Under adequate anesthesia, the mouse heart was externalized through the intercostal space, and myocardial infarction was successfully induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using materials readily available in most laboratories.

생쥐의 심근경색 유도를 위한 수정된 간단한 방법

Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the leading causes of death. MI models are widely used for investigating the pathomechanisms of post-MI ...