국립 보건원 (DC에 NIH R15 NS067536-01A1), 국립 Vulvodynia 협회 (DC에 수상), 그리고 매 켈리 스터 대학교는이 작업을 지원했다. 인증 기관은 아놀드와 로벨 베크 재단 자금 매 켈리 스터 대학교 베크 학자 프로그램에서 교제를 받았다. BTF 및 TM은 JDRF 2-2011-662 지원합니다. 우리는 기술적 조언 박사 제이슨 Schenkel 박사 줄리아 루이스 감사, 그들의 도움과 지원에 대한 Chatterjea 랩의 모든 현재의 전 멤버.

주 : 통상적으로 음식과 물을 무료로 이용할 수와 보관 8~12주 세 여자 ND4 스위스 웹스터 마우스는, 이러한 연구에 사용 하였다 (B13S1)에 사용되는 실험 프로토콜은 매 켈리 스터 대학교의 IACUC에 의해 승인되었다.. 옥사 졸론 1. 과민성 및 도전 <ol><li> 날 0 <ol><li> 4 L 뚜껑 유리 항아리의 하단에 메쉬 아래에 배치 흡수성 수건에 3 ㎖ 이소 플루 란을 추가하여 마취 챔버를 준비합니다. 피사체가 충분히 마취 때까지 여기에서 사용 ND4 암컷 마우스를 들어, 챔버 내의 시간은 30 ~ 60 초이고; 마우스 변형이 사용을위한 마취 관리를 최적화 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 각 마취 마우스의 뒷면을 면도하고 동물 머리 트리머를 사용하여 측면에. </li></ol></li><li> 1 일 <ol><li> 무수 에탄올로 -4-에 톡시 -2- 페닐 -2- 옥사 졸린 -5- 온 (옥스)의 2 % 용액을 제조하고, 인큐베이터에서 회전판에 15 분 동안 50 ℃에서 배양한다. </li><li> 간단히 마취1.1.1에서 설명하고 약 20 μL 각의 여러 직렬 응용 프로그램에서 다시 면도 2 % 황소의 100 μl를 적용 할 이소 플루 란 마취를 사용하여 마우스. 건조 할 수있는 솔루션을 직렬 응용 프로그램 사이에 5 ~ 10 초를 기다립니다. </li><li> 다시 이외의 지역에 2 % 황소 솔루션을 유출 방지 및 응용 프로그램 사이에 건조 할 수있는 솔루션을 기다려야주의하십시오. </li></ol></li><li> 일 5-7 <ol><li> 절대 에탄올 (황소)의 1 % 용액을 제조하고, 인큐베이터에서 회전판에 15 분 동안 50 ℃에서 배양한다. </li><li> 부드럽지만 확실히 위를 향하도록 복부와 목, 꼬리베이스의 목덜미에 마우스를 고정하고 목은 약간 (복강 내 주사에 대한 파악과 유사) 아래로 기울어 여러 직렬 응용 프로그램에서 면도 측면에 1 % 황소의 100 μl를 적용 상술 한 바와 같이 시간을 복용 후 피부를 건조. </li><li> 대조군 마우스를 들어, 면도 플랜에 무수 에탄올 차량의 100 μL를 적용케이. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. 옆구리 피부 수확 <ol><li> 이산화탄소 흡입을 사용하여 쥐를 안락사, 조심스럽게 10cm 수술 용 가위로 측면 피부 (~ 피부의 25mm X 25mm)의 원하는 영역을 절제. </li><li> 깨끗한, 날카로운 칼날을 사용하여 수술, 플랭크 피부에서 과다 지방 및 결합 조직을 얻어 긁어. </li><li> 칼슘 또는 마그네슘, 5mM의 에틸렌 디아민 테트라 아세트산 (EDTA),없이, 페놀 레드 10 ㎖ RT HBSS를 [함유하는 50 ㎖ 원뿔형 튜브에 3 마우스의 옆구리 피부의 3 개 배치 된 10 mM 4- (2- 히드 록시 에틸) -1- 라진 에탄 술폰산 (HEPES), 및 10 % 소 태아 혈청 (FBS)]. </li></ol> 3. 사전 소화 조직 세탁기 <ol><li> 37 ° C로 유지 건식 비 가스실 배양기에서 30 분 동안 회전 접시에 피부 절편을 함유하는 장소 튜브. </li><li> 인큐베이션 기간의 끝에서 10 초 동안 격렬하게 소용돌이. </li><li> 70 μm의 통하여 튜브의 내용을 변형여과기는 세척 버퍼를 무시하고 조직을 수집합니다. 단일 여과기는 생물 처리 그룹 내 전체 과정에 걸쳐 재사용 할 수있다. </li><li> 집게의 쌍을 사용하여, (전술 한 바와 같이 EDTA, HEPES, 및 FBS 함유) 신선 RT HBSS 매체 10 ㎖를 함유하는 새로운 50 ㎖ 원뿔형 튜브에 여과기에서 플랭크 피부 옮긴다. </li><li> 조직 조각이 평균 면적의 약 2.2 mm X 2.2 mm가되도록 튜브 내로 침지 외과 해부 위 12.5 cm 쌍과, 플랭크 피부의 각 부분을 말하다. </li><li> 37 ° C로 유지 건식 비 가스실 배양기에서 30 분 동안 회전 접시에 피부 절편을 함유하는 장소 튜브. </li><li> 배양의 마지막에 10 초 동안 격렬하게 소용돌이 </li></ol> 피부 4. 콜라게나 소화 <ol><li> , 70 ㎛의 여과기를 통하여 튜브의 내용물을 걸러 모아 새로운 50 ml를 함유하는 원뿔형 튜브에 10 ㎖ FRE 플랭크 피부 편을 전송할SH, RT HBSS 미디어가 0.7 mg을 보충 / 디를 콜라게나 ㎖로 </li><li> 37 ° C로 유지 건식 비 가스실 배양기에서 30 분 동안 회전 접시에 소화 매체 피부 절편을 함유하는 장소 튜브. </li><li> 배양의 말에 적극적으로 10 초 동안 튜브의 소용돌이 내용. </li><li> 새로운 50 ML 원뿔 튜브에 70 μm의 여과기를 통해 튜브의 필터 내용; 소화 조직을 함유하는 관류를 유지하고 스트레이너 버리고 피부 파편의 측면. </li><li> 350g에서 5 분간 HBSS 매체 원심 50ml에 플로우 스루를 세척하고 상등액을 가만히 따르다. </li></ol> 5. 밀도 구배 원심 분리 <ol><li> 혈청 피펫을 사용하여, 각각의 샘플에 대한 새로운 15ml의 원뿔형 튜브로 1X 인산 완충 생리 식염수 (PBS)로 3 ㎖ RT 67 % 밀도 구배 원심 분리 배지를 추가한다. </li><li> 페놀 레드와 HBSS에 5 ml의 RT 44 % 밀도 기울기 원심 분리 미디어 세포 펠렛을 Resuspend. </li><li> 신사LY 층 혈청 피펫을 사용하여 67 %의 밀도 구배 원심 분리 배지 샘플의 상부에 세포를 포함하는 44 %의 밀도 구배 원심 분리 배지 5 ㎖. 가장 느린 속도에 피펫을 설정하고, 원뿔 튜브의 벽을 따라 피펫을 배치해야합니다. , 동요하지 않도록주의 중단, 또는 기울기를 반전. </li><li> 가장 낮은 설정으로 설정 가속, 원심 분리기 균형있는 것을 확인하고, 실온에서 20 분 동안 931 XG에 그라데이션을 브레이크를 해제하고, 원심 분리기. </li><li> 원심 분리 후, 조심스럽게 원심 분리기에서 그라디언트를 제거하고 부드럽게 똑바로 튜브를 들고 실험실 벤치에 운반 할 것. 5 ㎖ 플라스틱 전달 피펫을 사용하여, 새로운 15ml의 원뿔형 튜브에 44 % 및 67 %의 밀도 구배 원심 분리 및 전송 매체의 계면에 전지 층을 제거한다. 인터페이스가 표시되지 않는 경우, 단순히 67 % -44 %의 경계에서 액체의 약 2 mL를 제거합니다. </li><li> INTE으로부터 세포를 함유하는 원뿔형 튜브를 채우기2 % 1X 빙냉 PBS에서 FBS, 350 XG에서 5 분 동안 원심 분리 세포 및 상등액을 가만히 따르다와 rface. 주 : 소화 단계가 37 ℃이며, 밀도 구배 원심 분리 배지를 RT 단계에 있기 때문에 이것은 세포가 냉각 될 수 있음은 처음 / 감기 있었다. 셀 (1)에 재현 탁 될 수있다 : 1 트리 판 블루 희석 수 및 생존력 정보이 시점에서 얻을 수있다. </li></ol> 6. 차단 및 염색 유세포 분석 <ol><li> 블록 FcγRII / 비특이적 항체 염색을 방지하기 위해 세포상의 수용체 III. 접합 결합하는 CD16 / 32 (2.4G2)에 대한 항체와 블록 FcγRII / III 수용체의 100 희석 : 여기에 설명 된 실험을 위해, 1을 포함하는 2 % FBS와 PBS에 항체 마스터 믹스를 확인합니다. </li><li> CD3ɛ (145-2C11), CD4 (RM4-5), CD8α (53-6.7), CD11b를 (M1 / 70)의 CD11c (N418), CD44 (IM7), CD45 (대한 항체의 적절한 마스터 믹스와 차단 된 세포를 품어 30-F11) CD45R(RA3-6B2), CD62L는 (MEL-14), 및 LY-6G / LY-6C (GR-1) (RB6-8C5)뿐만 아니라 화려한 바이올렛 (510) 라이브 / 죽은 얼룩은 죽은 세포를 식별합니다. 희석 제조업체에서 권장하거나 이전에 연구자들에 의해 최적화 된 모든 항체를 사용합니다. (100) 희석 : 여기에 설명 된 실험을 위해, (1) 모든 항체를 사용합니다. </li><li> 2 % FBS와 50 μL 1X PBS 염색 버퍼에 세포에 resuspend을 씻으십시오. 형광 데이터는 유세포에 취득 될 때까지 얼음 상에 유지한다. 주 : 보정 파라미터 형광 데이터의 취득 전에 림프 조직 및 (CD4 또는 CD8과 같은) 공통의 세포 표면 항원에 미리 최적화하는 것이 중요하다. </li><li> 분석 계측법 하류 흐름 세포의 수를 증가 염색 된 세포의 전체 샘플들로부터 데이터를 수집한다. </li></ol> 7. 다음과 같은 단계를 수행하는 표준 방법을 사용하여 유동 세포 계측법 데이터 분석 <ol><li> 앞으로 분산의 림프구 지역에 우선, 게이트측면 산란 (지역) 음모에 의해 (지역). </li><li> 그런 다음, 이중선을 분석 방지하기 위해 측면 분산 (폭)에 의해 전방 산란 (폭)를 사용하여 하나의 셀을 선택합니다. 이것은 또한 사이드 산란 플롯에 의해 가로 전방 산란 높이로 달성 될 수있다. </li><li> 이어서, 혈통 게이트 (는 CD11b, CD11c 양성 및 CD45R / B220) -negative 및 CD3 양성 이벤트 제외하는 대 식세포, 수지상 세포와 B 세포를 각각과 목표인지를 한정은 T 세포 구획 분석 이 여기로, T 세포에 침투 평가한다. </li><li> 다음, 라이브 / 죽은 얼룩을 제외 살아있는 세포에 문입니다. </li><li> 마지막으로, 관심의 세포 인구에 게이트 (대표 결과 섹션 참조). </li></ol>

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L., Lefran&#231;ois, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+expression+of+the+leucocyte-common+antigen+family.">Differential expression of the leucocyte-common antigen family.</a> Immunol. Today. 9 (10), 320-326 (1988).</li><li>Daley, J. M., Thomay, A. A., Connolly, M. D., Reichner, J. S., Albina, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+Ly6G-specific+monoclonal+antibody+to+deplete+neutrophils+in+mice.">Use of Ly6G-specific monoclonal antibody to deplete neutrophils in mice.</a> J. Leukoc. Biol. 83 (1), 64-70 (2008).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 재정적 또는 기타 관심 회원이 없습니다.

이러한 아토피 성 피부염이나 건선과 같은 피부 질환의 설치류 모델에서 피부에 상주하는 백혈구의 변화를 특성화하는 염증 세포의 유입과 질병 병리 사이의 기계적 연결을 이해하는데 중요하다. 여기에서 우리는 대부분의 생물 의학 연구 실험실에서 발견되는 기본 장비로 피부 조직에서 백혈구를 분리하는 경제적 인 방법을 설명합니다. 이 상대적으로 빠른 기술은 실험실 벤치에서 시간에 손?...

접촉 성 피부염, 습진, 건선, 봉와직염, 비 흑색 종 피부암에 곰팡이 감염 및 농양에 이르기까지 피부 상태는 전세계 50 가장 널리 퍼진 질병들로 발견되었고 2010 1 치명적 질병의 네 번째 선도적 인 글로벌 원인. 따라서, 다양한 피부 병변을 기본 분자 및 세포 메커니즘의 조사 연구에 필요한 활성 영역입니다. 설치류 모델은 아토피 성 피부염 (2), (3), 건선, 또는 포도상 구균 감염 4 같은 염증성 피부 질환의 이해에 도움이 현저하게되어왔다. 마우스 피부 조직의 효소 적 소화, 저렴하고 효율적이며 간단한 프로토콜 나은 피부 질환의 병태 생리를 이해 하류 다양한 용도에 사용할 수있는 세포의 제제를 제공 할 수있다. 여기서, 간단하고 경제적 인 방법은 마우스 피부 효소에 대해 기재되어 다이제스트조직 및 세포 배양, 생체 대체 전송에 사용할 수있는 피부 침투 백혈구의 분리, 유세포 분석 및 분류 또는 유전자 발현 연구를 흐른다. 이 절차의 목적은 통상적으로 전체적인 맞춤 시약 키트 및 기계적 dissociators와 연관된 비용을 최소화하면서 높은 세포 생존율과 피부 백혈구 침윤의 단일 세포 현탁액을 제조하는 공정이다. 기존의 피부 조직 해리 방법 5-7 낮은 세포 생존 및 표면 마커의 무결성 결과, 또는 사용자 정의 효소 키트와 고가의 조직 해리 기계 8-11 필요할 수 있습니다. 마우스 귀 피부 조직의 소화가 합리적으로, 12 ~ 13 유행 높은 각화 피부 조직을 소화하는 동안 (예를 들면 측면에서) 비 세포 파편 많은 양의 오염 된 세포 준비가 발생할 수 있습니다. 최근의 연구에서, 자이드와 동료가 2.5 mg을 90 분 동안 마우스 측면 피부를 소화 / ㎖ 디스 파제, FOLLO3 ㎎ / ㎖의 콜라게나 제 (7)에 의해 45 분 결혼. 또 다른 연구에서, 이들 연구자들은 트립신 / EDTA, 콜라겐 III의 사용을 포함하는, 2.5 시간의 조합으로 여러 소화 배양을 사용하고, (5) 디스 파제. 다른 제조업체의 트립신으로 처리 잴 포유 동물 세포에서 14-15 세포 표면 단백질의 무결성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다 트립신의 사용은 피부 효소 소화에 권장되지 않는다. 또한, 디스 파제는 CD4 및 CD8α T 세포의 증식 능력에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 및 CD62L (16)와 같은 일반적인 T 세포 활성화 마커를 포함, 최소 20 분자의 표면 풍요 로움에 영향을 미칩니다. 다른 프로토콜은 소화 매체 (6)에 RPMI 1640을 사용합니다. 그러나, RPMI에 Mg2 +, Ca2 + 등의 존재는 광범위한 세포 응집 (17)가 발생할 수있다. 조직 분리를위한 이상적인 프로토콜은 높은 세포 생존 능력, 낮은 목표로한다세포 응집, 최소한의 손상의 수준은 표면 단백질을 세포합니다. 고품질 림프절 간질 세포 제제는 짧은 효소 배양, 칼슘 및 마그네슘이없는 배지 2+ 프로토콜을 사용하여 수행하고, 트립신을 피하고 18 디스 파제되었다. 그러나, 이러한 유형의 프로토콜은 전체 마우스 피부의 해리에 대해 확립되지 않았다. 여기에서, 프로토콜은, 해리 분리 및 알레르겐 - 도전 마우스 옆구리 피부에서 피부 백혈구 침윤을 풍부하게 기재되어있다. 간략하게, 절제된 피부 소화 조직을 연화 초과 각질이나 지방 조직을 제거하기 위해 1 시간 동안 10 % 소 태아 혈청 행크의 균형 잡힌 염 용액 (HBSS)로 미리 배양된다. 이것은 0.7 mg을 함께 30 분간 효소 분해 단계 뒤에 / ㎖의 콜라게나 D. 콜라게나 D 그것을 만드는 최소 세포 표면 마커의 농도에 대한 영향, 및 시험관 (16, 18)에서 T 세포 증식에는 영향을주지표면 단백질의 특성을 포함하는 애플리케이션에 매우 적합하다. 효소 분해 후, 불연속 밀도 구배 원심 분리는 단일 세포 현탁액으로부터 상피 세포 및 잔해를 제거하고, 조혈 세포 농축 하였다. 중요한 것은,이 절차는 비싼 열 기반 자기 세포 분리 시약 및 티슈 기계 8-11 해리를 방지하고 기본 생의학 연구소에 위치한 재료 및 장비로 수행 될 수있다. 여기에서이 프로토콜 (19 각색) 이전에 감응 ND4 스위스 쥐 합텐 옥사 졸론 (황소)와 측면 피부에서 도전 세번 백혈구를 분리하는데 사용 하였다. 세포는 파라 메트릭 멀티 - 유동 세포 계측법을 사용하여 분석 하였다. 이 기술은 최소한의 파편과 계측법 영향 SK에 T 림프구와 호중구의 침윤을 측정하기 위해 파라 메트릭 다중 흐름으로 분석 하였다 격리 림프구의&gt; 95 %의 생존율을 가진 세포 현탁액을 수득에서.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1213">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">HBSS with phenol red, without calcium, without magnesium, liquid</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">55021C</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile until day of usage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">HEPES, &#8805;99.5% (titration)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">H3375</td>
			<td style="width:396px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">EDTA disodium salt solution</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">E7889</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile until day of usage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">Fetal Bovine Serum, USDA, Heat Inactivated, Premium Select</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">MidSci</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">S01520HI</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile until day of usage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:457px;">Percoll, pH 8.5-9.5 (25&#176;C)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">P1644</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile. Percoll needs to be made isotonic with sterile 10X PBS prior to use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">Trimmer Combo Kit</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">CL9990-1201&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Use the larger trimmer for shaving the flank and back.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:457px;">4-Ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">E0753-10G</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Dissolve in 100% EtOH at 50&#176;C for 15 minutes on a rotating plate.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:457px;">Purified anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (2.4G2)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">70-0161</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to block non-specific antibody binding during antibody staining for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:457px;">anti-CD3e-BV650 (145-2C11)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">564378</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD4-APC-eFluor780 (RM4-5)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">47-0042-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD8a-BV785 (53-6.7)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">100749</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD11b-eFluor450 (M1/70)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">48-0112-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD11c-eFluor450 (N418)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">48-0114-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD44-BV711 (IM7)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">563971</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD45-FITC (30-F11)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">35-0451-U025</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD45R-eFluor450 (RA3-6B2)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">48-0452-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD62L-PerCP-Cy5.5 (MEL-14)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">104431</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-Ly-6G/Ly-6C (Gr-1)-PE (RB6-8C5)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">108407</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">Ghost Dye-BV510</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">13-0870-T100</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Viability dye for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">LSR Fortessa</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Cell analyzer (18 parameters)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="96">
			<td height="96" style="height:96px;width:457px;">Collagenase D from Clostridium histolyticum</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">11088858001</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Aliquot lyophilized enzyme at 5 mg/mL in HBSS with phenol red, without calcium, and without magnesium into 1 mL aliquots.&#160; Store immediately at -20&#176;C for up to six months.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="92">
			<td height="92" style="height:92px;width:457px;">ND4 Swiss female mice</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Harlan</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">0-32</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">8-12 weeks old; conventionally housed with free access to food and water and used according to Macalester College&#39;s IACUC guidelines.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of infiltrating leukocytes from mouse skin using enzymatic digest and gradient separation

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune cells in rodent models of skin inflammation. Here, we describe a protocol for the digestion of mouse skin in a nutrient-rich solution with collagenase D, followed by separation of hematopoietic cells using a discontinuous density gradient. Cells thus obtained can be used for in vitro studies, in vivo transfer, and other downstream cellular and molecular analyses including flow cytometry. This protocol is an effective and economical alternative to expensive mechanical dissociators, specialized separation columns, and harsher trypsin- and dispase-based digestion methods, which may compromise cellular viability or density of surface proteins relevant for phenotypic characterization or cellular function. As shown here in our representative data, this protocol produced highly viable cells, contained specific immune cell subsets, and had no effect on integrity of common surface marker proteins used in flow cytometric analysis.

콜라게나 D 미디어 처리 대조군과 비교시 비장 세포는 T 세포상의 CD4 및 CD8 α 비슷한 수준의 치료를 보여 먼저, T 세포의 서브 세트에 리니지 및 활성화 마커의 주파수 및 풍부 표면에 콜라게나 D의 잠재적 효과는 대조군으로 차 림프 조직을 사용하여 평가 하였다. ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation at JoVE.com

Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation

효소 다이제스트 및 그라데이션 분리를 사용하여 마우스 피부에서 침투 백혈구의 분리

This protocol describes enzymatic digestion of mouse skin in nutrient-rich medium followed by gradient separation to isolate leukocytes. Cells thus derived can be used for diverse downstream applications. This is an effective, economical, and improved alternative to tissue dissociation machines and harsher trypsin and dispase-based tissue digestion protocols.

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune ...

isolation-infiltrating-leukocytes-from-mouse-skin-using-enzymatic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

21.2K 조회수.  Macalester College. This protocol describes enzymatic digestion of mouse skin in nutrient-rich medium followed by gradient separation to isolate leukocytes. Cells thus derived can be used for diverse downstream applications. This is an effective, economical, and improved alternative to tissue dissociation machines and harsher trypsin and dispase-based tissue digestion protocols. 

비디오: Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

브레인 - 침투 Leukocytes의 분리

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and food antigens while concomitantly remaining poised to mount inflammatory responses toward invasive pathogens1,2. Antigen presenting cells, particularly DCs and macrophages, play critical roles in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis via their ability to sense and appropriately respond to the microbiota3-14. Efficient isolation of intestinal DCs and macrophages is a critical step in characterizing the phenotype and function of these cells. While many effective methods of isolating intestinal immune cells, including DCs and macrophages, have been described6,10,15-24, many rely upon long digestions times that may negatively influence cell surface antigen expression, cell viability, and/or cell yield. Here, we detail a methodology for the rapid isolation of large numbers of viable, intestinal DCs and macrophages. Phenotypic characterization of intestinal DCs and macrophages is carried out by directly staining isolated intestinal cells with specific fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies for multi-color flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, highly pure DC and macrophage populations are isolated for functional studies utilizing CD11c and CD11b magnetic-activated cell sorting beads followed by cell sorting.

Here, we detail a methodology for the rapid isolation of mouse intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Phenotypic characterization of intestinal DCs and macrophages is performed using multi-color flow cytometric analysis while magnetic bead enrichment followed by cell sorting is used to yield highly pure populations for functional studies.

마우스 소장에서 돌기 세포 및 Macrophages의 분리 및 특성화

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Mucosal surfaces, including in the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts, provide portals of entry for pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria 1. Mucosae are also inductive sites in the host to generate immunity against pathogens, such as the Peyers patches in the intestinal tract and the nasal-associated lymphoreticular tissue in the respiratory tract. This unique feature brings mucosal immunity as a crucial player of the host defense system. Many studies have been focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosal sites. However, there has been little investigation of reproductive mucosal sites. The genital tract mucosa is the primary infection site for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), including bacterial and viral infections. STDs are one of the most critical health challenges facing the world today. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are 19 million new infectious every year in the United States. STDs cost the U.S. health care system $17 billion every year 2, and cost individuals even more in immediate and life-long health consequences. In order to confront this challenge, a greater understanding of reproductive mucosal immunity is needed and isolating lymphocytes is an essential component of these studies. Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate lymphocytes from murine female genital tracts for immunological studies that can be modified for adaption to other species. The method described below is based on one mouse.&#x2003;

An efficient way to isolate lymphocytes from mouse genital tract is described. This method takes advantage of enzyme digestion and Percoll gradient separation to allow efficient isolation. This technique is also adaptable to for use in other species

마우스 성기 요로 점막에서 림프구의 분리

Mucosal surfaces, including in the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts, provide portals of entry for pathogens, such as viruses and ...

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

We describe a method for isolation and characterization of adherent inflammatory cells from brain blood vessels of P. berghei ANKA-infected mice. Infection of susceptible mouse-strains with this parasite strain results in the induction of experimental cerebral malaria, a neurologic syndrome that recapitulates certain important aspects of Plasmodium falciparum-mediated severe malaria in humans 1,2 . Mature forms of blood-stage malaria express parasitic proteins on the surface of the infected erythrocyte, which allows them to bind to vascular endothelial cells. This process induces obstructions in blood flow, resulting in hypoxia and haemorrhages 3 and also stimulates the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the site of parasite sequestration.
Unlike other infections, i.e neutrotopic viruses4-6, both malaria-parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) as well as associated inflammatory leukocytes remain sequestered within blood vessels rather than infiltrating the brain parenchyma. Thus to avoid contamination of sequestered leukocytes with non-inflammatory circulating cells, extensive intracardial perfusion of infected-mice prior to organ extraction and tissue processing is required in this procedure to remove the blood compartment. After perfusion, brains are harvested and dissected in small pieces. The tissue structure is further disrupted by enzymatic treatment with Collagenase D and DNAse I. The resulting brain homogenate is then centrifuged on a Percoll gradient that allows separation of brain-sequestered leukocytes (BSL) from myelin and other tissue debris. Isolated cells are then washed, counted using a hemocytometer and stained with fluorescent antibodies for subsequent analysis by flow cytometry.
This procedure allows comprehensive phenotypic characterization of inflammatory leukocytes migrating to the brain in response to various stimuli, including stroke as well as viral or parasitic infections. The method also provides a useful tool for assessment of novel anti-inflammatory treatments in pre-clinical animal models.

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

A method for isolation of adherent inflammatory leukocytes from brain blood vessels of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice is described. The method allows quantification as well as phenotypic characterization of isolated leukocytes after staining with fluorescent antibodies and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry.

에서 뇌 - 분리 된 백혈구의 분리 및 분석<em&gt; Plasmodium berghei</em&gt; ANKA에 감염된 마우스

We describe a method for isolation and  characterization of adherent inflammatory cells from brain blood vessels of P. berghei ANKA-infected mice. ...

Bioenergetics and the Oxidative Burst: Protocols for the Isolation and Evaluation of Human Leukocytes and Platelets

Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and neurodegenerative diseases but assessing changes in bioenergetic function in patients is challenging.&#160;Although diseases such as diabetes or atherosclerosis present clinically with specific organ impairment, the systemic components of the pathology, such as hyperglycemia or inflammation, can alter bioenergetic function in circulating leukocytes or platelets. This concept has been recognized for some time but its widespread application has been constrained by the large number of primary cells needed for bioenergetic analysis.&#160;This technical limitation has been overcome by combining the specificity of the magnetic bead isolation techniques, cell adhesion techniques, which allow cells to be attached without activation to microplates, and the sensitivity of new technologies designed for high throughput microplate respirometry.&#160;An example of this equipment is the extracellular flux analyzer. Such instrumentation typically uses oxygen and pH sensitive probes to measure rates of change in these parameters in adherent cells, which can then be related to metabolism. Here we detail the methods for the isolation and plating of monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets, without activation, from human blood and the analysis of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in these cells. In addition, we demonstrate how the oxidative burst in monocytes and neutrophils can also be measured in the same samples. Since these methods use only 8-20 ml human blood they have potential for monitoring reactive oxygen species generation and bioenergetics in a clinical setting.

Blood leukocytes and platelets can be used as a marker of overall bioenergetic health of an individual and so have the potential to monitor pathological processes and the impact of treatments. Here&#160;we describe a method to isolate and measure mitochondrial function and the oxidative burst in these cells.

인간 백혈구 및 혈소판의 분리 및 평가를위한 프로토콜 : 생물 에너지와 산화 버스트

Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and ...

Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow

Stromal cells regulate the recruitment of circulating leukocytes during inflammation through cross-talk with neighboring endothelial cells. Here we describe two in vitro &#8220;vascular&#8221; models for studying the recruitment of circulating neutrophils from flow by inflamed endothelial cells. A major advantage of these models is the ability to analyze each step in the leukocyte adhesion cascade in order, as would occur in vivo. We also describe how both models can be adapted to study the role of stromal cells, in this case mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in regulating leukocyte recruitment.
Primary endothelial cells were cultured alone or together with human MSC in direct contact on Ibidi microslides or on opposite sides of a Transwell filter for 24 hr. Cultures were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF&#945;) for 4 hr and incorporated into a flow-based adhesion assay. A bolus of neutrophils was perfused over the endothelium for 4 min. The capture of flowing neutrophils and their interactions with the endothelium was visualized by phase-contrast microscopy.
In both models, cytokine-stimulation increased endothelial recruitment of flowing neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the behavior of recruited neutrophils showed a dose-dependent decrease in rolling and a dose-dependent increase in transmigration through the endothelium. In co-culture, MSC suppressed neutrophil adhesion to TNF&#945;-stimulated endothelium.
Our flow based-adhesion models mimic the initial phases of leukocyte recruitment from the circulation. In addition to leukocytes, they can be used to examine the recruitment of other cell types, such as therapeutically administered MSC or circulating tumor cells. Our multi-layered co-culture models have shown that MSC communicate with endothelium to modify their response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, altering the recruitment of neutrophils. Further research using such models is required to fully understand how stromal cells from different tissues and conditions (inflammatory disorders or cancer) influence the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation.

The ability of inflamed endothelium to recruit leukocytes from flow is regulated by mesenchymal stromal cells. We describe two in vitro models incorporating primary human cells that can be used to assess neutrophil recruitment from flow and examine the role that mesenchymal stromal cells play in regulating this process.

흐름에서 백혈구의 모집에 기질 세포의 영향 분석

Stromal cells regulate the recruitment of circulating leukocytes during inflammation through cross-talk with neighboring endothelial cells. Here we ...

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Human skin has an important barrier function and contains various immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from pathogens. As the skin is relatively easy to access, it provides an ideal platform to study peripheral immune regulatory mechanisms. Immune resident cells in healthy skin conduct immunosurveillance, but also play an important role in the development of inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis. Despite emerging insights, our understanding of the biology underlying various inflammatory skin diseases is still limited. There is a need for good quality (single) cell populations isolated from biopsied skin samples. So far, isolation procedures have been seriously hampered by a lack of obtaining a sufficient number of viable cells. Isolation and subsequent analysis have also been affected by the loss of immune cell lineage markers, due to the mechanical and chemical stress caused by the current dissociation procedures to obtain single cell suspension. Here, we describe a modified method to isolate T cells from both healthy and involved psoriatic human skin by combining mechanical skin dissociation using an automated tissue dissociator and collagenase treatment. This methodology preserves expression of most immune lineage markers such as CD4, CD8, Foxp3 and CD11c upon the preparation of single cell suspensions. Examples of successful CD4+ T cell isolation and subsequent phenotypic and functional analysis are shown.

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

We describe a protocol to efficiently isolate skin resident T cells from human skin biopsies. This protocol yields sufficient numbers of viable human skin resident lymphocytes for flow cytometric analysis and ex vivo culture.

표현형 분석 및 대한 인간의 피부에서 림프구 분리<em&gt; 전의 VIVO</em&gt; 세포 배양

Human skin has an important barrier function and contains various immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from pathogens. As the ...

Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions

The skin is a barrier organ that interacts with the external environment. Being continuously exposed to potential microbial invasion, the dermis and epidermis home a variety of immune cells in both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Tools to obtain skin cell release for cytofluorimetric analyses are, therefore, very useful in order to study the complex network of immune cells residing in the skin and their response to microbial stimuli. Here, we describe an efficient methodology for the digestion of mouse skin to rapidly and efficiently obtain single-cell suspensions. This protocol allows maintenance of maximum cell viability without compromising surface antigen expression. We also describe how to take and digest skin samples from different anatomical locations, such as the ear, trunk, tail, and footpad. The obtained suspensions are then stained and analyzed by flow cytometry to discriminate between different leukocyte populations.

The skin is home to a complex immune cell network. We describe an efficient methodology for the digestion of mouse skin, from different parts of the animal's body, in order to obtain a single-cell suspension and analyze the different leukocyte populations resident in the skin by flow cytometry.

다른 마우스 피부 지역에서 Cytofluorimetric 분석을위한 단일 세포 현탁액의 준비

The skin is a barrier organ that interacts with the external environment. Being continuously exposed to potential microbial invasion, the dermis and ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface

Pregnancy is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes in the reproductive tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua basalis and decidua parietalis). This interface is the anatomical site of contact between maternal and fetal tissues; therefore, it is an immunological site of action during pregnancy. Infiltrating leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface play a central role in implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and timing of delivery. Therefore, phenotypic and functional characterizations of these leukocytes will provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to&#160;pregnancy disorders. Several protocols have been described in order to isolate infiltrating leukocytes from the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis; however, the lack of consistency in the reagents, enzymes, and times of incubation makes it difficult to compare these results. Described herein is&#160;a novel approach that combines the use of gentle mechanical and enzymatic dissociation techniques to preserve the viability and integrity of extracellular and intracellular markers in leukocytes isolated from the human tissues at the maternal-fetal interface. Aside from immunophenotyping, cell culture, and cell sorting, the future applications of this protocol are numerous and varied. Following this protocol, the isolated leukocytes can be used to determine DNA methylation, expression of target genes, in vitro leukocyte functionality (i.e., phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, T-cell proliferation, and plasticity, etc.), and the production of reactive oxygen species at the maternal-fetal interface. Additionally, using the described protocol, this laboratory has been able to describe new and rare leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface.

Described herein is a protocol to isolate and further study the infiltrating leukocytes of the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis - the human maternal-fetal interface. This protocol maintains the integrity of cell surface markers and yields enough viable cells for downstream applications as proven by flow cytometry analysis.

인간의 산모 - 태아 인터페이스에서 백혈구의 분리

Pregnancy is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes in the reproductive tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua basalis and decidua ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing fetus. This tolerance is initiated during coitus, established during fecundation and implantation, and maintained throughout pregnancy. Active cellular and molecular mediators of maternal-fetal tolerance are enriched at the site of contact between fetal and maternal tissues, known as the maternal-fetal interface, which includes the placenta and the uterine and decidual tissues. This interface is comprised of stromal cells and infiltrating leukocytes, and their abundance and phenotypic characteristics change over the course of pregnancy. Infiltrating leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells that together create the local micro-environment that sustains pregnancy. An imbalance among these cells or any inappropriate alteration in their phenotypes is considered a mechanism of disease in pregnancy. Therefore, the study of leukocytes that infiltrate the maternal-fetal interface is essential in order to elucidate the immune mechanisms that lead to pregnancy-related complications. Described herein is a protocol that uses a combination of gentle mechanical dissociation followed by a robust enzymatic disaggregation with a proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymatic cocktail to isolate the infiltrating leukocytes from the murine tissues at the maternal-fetal interface. This protocol allows for the isolation of high numbers of viable leukocytes (&#62;70%) with sufficiently conserved antigenic and functional properties. Isolated leukocytes can then be analyzed by several techniques, including immunophenotyping, cell sorting, imaging, immunoblotting, mRNA expression, cell culture, and in vitro functional assays such as mixed leukocyte reactions, proliferation, or cytotoxicity assays.

Described herein is a protocol to isolate and analyze the infiltrating leukocytes of tissues at the maternal-fetal interface (uterus, decidua, and placenta) of mice. This protocol maintains the integrity of most cell surface markers and yields enough viable cells for downstream applications including flow cytometry analysis.

산모 - 태아 인터페이스에서 쥐의 조직에서 백혈구의 분리

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing ...

효소 다이제스트 및 그라데이션 분리를 사용하여 마우스 피부에서 침투 백혈구의 분리

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