이 연구는 암 연구를위한 국립 보건원 (National Institutes of Health)의 교내 연구 프로그램, 국립 암 연구소, 센터에 의해 지원되었다.

참고 : 다음 프로토콜은 NIR-PIT를 사용하여 특정 세포를 제거하는 데 필요한 단계를 설명합니다. 컨트롤 및 NIR-PIT 및 세포 생존에 대한 기타 세부 사항은 다른 곳에서 18 찾을 수 있습니다. 단일 클론 항체에 IR700 1. 활용 (단클론 항체) <ol><li> 2-5 밀리그램 / 0.1 M 나 2 HPO 4 (PH 8.6) 용액 ㎖의이자의 단클론 항체를 준비합니다. </li><li> microcentrifuge 관에 0.1 M 나 2 HPO 4 용액 (PH 8.6)에 10 mM의 IR700의 30.8 nmol의와 단클론 항체의 6.8 nmol의 혼합과 알루미늄 호일로 덮여 1 시간, 실온에서 품어. </li><li> 두 번, 15 ml의 PBS와 PD-10 컬럼 (자재 / 장비의 표 참조) 씻으십시오. 단계 1.2에서 샘플을로드합니다. </li><li> 제조업체의 지시에 따라 PBS 용출하여 PD-10 컬럼을 통해 정제하여 혼합물. 참고 : 여기에, 용출 IR700의 밴드 색깔을 따라했다. 300 ㎕의 샘플의 경우, PBS 용출 분획을 4.4 ml를 전형적으로 2.5 ㎖의 사이이다. </li><li> 결정분광 광도계 (9) 595 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 쿠마시 염색으로 단백질 농도. 각각의 단클론 항체 분자에 접합 구 형광 분자의 수를 확인하는 689 nm에서의 흡수율 IR700의 농도를 결정한다. 주 : 분광 한 단클론 항체에 IR700 분자 최적 접합 수를 결정하는 것이 중요하다. 일반적으로, 1 단클론 항체 분자의 3 주위 IR700 분자는 모두 생체 외 및 생체 작업에 최적입니다. HPLC 및 SDS-PAGE 방법은 단클론 항체 및 IR700가 결합 여부를 여부를 확인하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 단백질 농도를 측정 한 후 4 ℃에서 보관하십시오. </li></ol> 혼합 된 3 차원 세포 배양 2. 준비 (회전 타원체 혼합) <ol><li> 드롭 플레이트 매달려의 판 저수지 섹션에 멸균 수 (약 1 ml)에 적용합니다. </li><li> A431-루크-GFP 세포와 3T3-RFP 세포 - 다양한 관심의 세포 유형의 비율을 준비 -배지를 50 μL에 현탁 총 5000 세포를 포함하는 각 샘플. 참고 : 문화 미디어에 대한 관심의 세포 유형의 비율이 세포 유형에 따라 등 100, 100, 10 : 100, 25 : 100, 50 (1)을 준비합니다. </li><li> 37 ° C, 5 % 이산화탄소에서 가습 된 배양기에서 96 웰 플레이트에 매달려 드롭 5-7 일간 인큐베이션 믹스. 매 2 일 문화 매체를 변경합니다. 참고 : 세포를 포함하는 상품으로, 3D 정밀하게 회전 타원체 수 있도록 부드럽게 판을 처리하기 위해 3 차원 형상을 형성하기 전에 쉽게 떨어져. </li><li> 40X 배율 - 10 배에서 반전 시야 현미경을 사용하여 회전 타원체의 형태와 크기를 관찰한다. 참고 : 세포 유형과 매달려 드롭의 크기에 따라 다르지만, 구형의 직경도 감소 플레이트 매달려 96 7 일간 배양 한 후, 약 400 내지 600 ㎛의 것을 보장한다. </li></ol> 혼합 된 3 차원 세포 배양을위한 체외 NIR-PIT 3. <ol><li> 헥타르의 미디어 변경10 μg의 / ㎖ 항체 photoabsorber 복합체 (APC)를 포함하는 미디어 드롭 플레이트 플 레이어, 37 ° C, 5 % 이산화탄소에서 가습 된 배양기에서 6 시간 동안 배양한다. </li><li> 6 시간 배양 한 후, 신선한 문화 매체 (페놀 레드 무료)로 두 번 회전 타원체를 씻는다. 끝이 절단 부드럽게 멸균 200 μL 피펫 팁을 사용하여 100 ㎕의 신선한 페놀 레드 무료 문화 매체와 유리 바닥 50mm 접시에 회전 타원체를 전송합니다. 각각의 접시에 한 회전 타원체를 놓습니다. </li><li> 형태의 변화를 검출하는 반전 시야 현미경 타원체를 관찰한다. 다음 필터 설정을 형광 현미경을 사용하여 광 기자 (예 : GFP 및 RFP)를 관찰 : GFP - 469 nm의 여기 필터, 525 nm의 방출 필터; RFP - 559 nm의 여기 필터, 630 nm의 방출 필터. </li><li> 사출 용 유리 - 바닥 접시 위에 발광 다이오드 (LED)를 배치했다. 주 : 타원체는 NIR에 노출 될 수있다현미경 또는 층류 후드에 하나 켜집니다. <ol><li> 광 파워 미터 (9) 근적외선 광의 파워 밀도를 측정한다. 본 측정에 따르면, 2 J / cm 2에서의 670 내지 710의 파장에서 광을 방출하는 발광 다이오드 (LED)를 통해 근적외선 광을 조사한다. 참고 : LED 조명은 약 5 인치 최대 깊이 침투 할 수 있습니다. NIR-PIT의 세포 독성 효과에 관계없이 전력 밀도와 노출 23 시간 만 주어진 에너지에 의존한다. </li></ol></li><li> 조사 후, 신선한 배지를 50 μL로 새로운 매달아 놓기 플레이트에 회전 타원체를 전송하고 37 ° C, 5 % 이산화탄소에서 가습 된 배양기에서 하루 동안 배양한다. </li><li> 조심스럽게 잘라 끝 멸균 200 μL 피펫 팁을 사용하여 신선한 문화 매체 (페놀 레드 무료) 100 ㎕와 유리 바닥 접시에 회전 타원체를 전송합니다. NIR-PIT 사용 Fi를 한 후 형광 현미경 일일으로 회전 타원체를 관찰LTER 설정 단계 3.3에 기재된. <ol><li> 또는 형광 현미경 (도 2B)를 이용하여 세포질 14,18,22 GFP 형광의 감소에 의해 2 μg / ML의 최종 농도에서 미디어 프로피 듐 요오다 이드를 첨가함으로써 사균을 검출한다. </li></ol></li><li> 표적 세포가 완전히 제거되지 않은 경우 반복 3.1-3.6 단계를 반복합니다. </li></ol>

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저자는 공개 아무것도 없어.

우리는 NIR-PIT를 사용하여 비 - 표적 세포의 손상없이 혼합 3D 세포 배양으로부터 특정 세포를 제거하는 방법을 보여준다. 지금까지 실제적인 세포 제거 방법 조직이 설립되면 또는 이식 후가 없습니다. 따라서, NIR-PIT이 작업을 수행 할 수있는 유망한 방법이다. 장갑차는 단클론 항체 자체와 유사한 약물 동태를 보여 때문에이 기술은도 18, 22 생체 내에서 이용 될 수있다. 표적 ?...

다른 세포에 손상을주지 않고 특정 세포를 제거하는 것은 특히 설립 조직에서는 매우 곤란하며, 조직 공학 분야에서 세포 제거 방법이 절실히 요구되고있다. 3 - 현재 재생 의학 분야에서, 배아 줄기 세포 (ES), 다 능성 줄기 세포 (PSC를) 또는 유도 된 다 능성 줄기 세포 (IPS)를 이용하여 조직 배양 유망한 재료 1이다. 이러한 조직 재생 유망하지만, 원치 않는 세포 오염의 주요 관심사이다. 또한, 이식 4,5 후 종양 유발의 안전 우려가있다. 많은 연구는 이러한 문제에 집중하고 있지만, 특히 재생 의료 6, 특정 세포를 제거 - (8) 실제적인 방법이 개발되지 않았다. 근적외선 photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT)는 항체 - photoabsorber의 conjugat에 따라 치료E (APC). APC는 세포 특이 단일 클론 항체 (단클론 항체)와 photoabsorber, IR700로 구성되어 있습니다. IR700은 친수성 실리카 - 프탈로시아닌 유도체이며, 자체 9 광독성을 유발하지 않습니다. IR700는 공유 라이신 분자의 측쇄상의 아미드 잔기를 통해 항체에 접합된다. APC는 세포막을 표적 분자에 결합하고 690 nm에서 NIR 광에 노출 후 거의 즉각적으로 세포 괴사를 유도한다. 14 - NIR 광, 세포 사멸 (9)에 이르는 세포 멤브레인 파열로 노광시. 21 - NIR-PIT는 항 EGFR, 항 HER2, PSMA 방지, 항 CD25, 항 mesothelin, 항 GPC3 및 안티 CEA (15)를 포함한 다수의 항체 또는 항체 단편으로 효과적인 것으로 입증되었다. 따라서, NIR-PIT는 표적 분자의 다양한 대해 사용될 수있다. 또한, NIR-PIT은 NIR-조명 관리를 제한하여 특정 지역의 선택적 치료를 할 수있는 잘 조절 치료입니다t 조사 18, 22. 여기서는 3D 혼합 배양에서 NIR-PIT를 사용하여 특정 세포를 제거하는 방법을 제시한다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1083">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:424px;">IRDye 700DX Ester Infrared Dye</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">LI-COR Bioscience (Lincoln, NE, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">929-70011</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td>SIGMA-ALDRICH (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>S9763</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sephadex G25 column (PD-10)&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare (Piscataway, NJ, USA)</td>
			<td>17-0851-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Coomassie (bradford) Plus protein assay</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc (Waltham, MA, USA)</td>
			<td>PI-23200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Perfecta3D 96-Well hanging Drop Plates</td>
			<td>3D Biomatrix Inc (Ann Arbor, MI, USA)</td>
			<td>HDP1096-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Optical power meter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs (Newton, NJ, USA)</td>
			<td>PM100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LED: L690-66-60</td>
			<td>Marubeni America Co. (Santa Clara, CA, USA)</td>
			<td>L690-66-60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vectibix (panitumumab)</td>
			<td>Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">35mm glass bottom dish, dish size 35mm, well size 10mm</td>
			<td>Cellvis (Mountain View, CA, USA)</td>
			<td>D35-10-0-N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

selective cell elimination from mixed 3d culture using a near infrared photoimmunotherapy technique

Recent developments in tissue engineering offer innovative solutions for many diseases. For example, tissue engineering using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) emerged as a new method in regenerative medicine. Although this tissue regeneration is promising, contamination with unwanted cells during tissue cultures is a major concern. Moreover, there is a safety concern regarding tumorigenicity after transplantation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for eliminating specific cells without damaging other cells that need to be protected, especially in established tissue. Here, we present a method for specific cell elimination from a mixed 3D cell culture in vitro with near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) without damaging non-targeted cells. This technique enables the elimination of specific cells from mixed cell cultures or tissues.

광학 EGFR 과발현 NIR-PIT, A431 세포주의 효과를 모니터링하기 위해 유전자 또한 GFP와 루시 페라 제 (A431 뤽-GFP)을 표현하기 위해 수정되었습니다. NIR-PIT의 비 표적으로의 Balb / 3T3 세포주 광학적 RFP (3T3-RFP)를 표현하기 위해 변경되었다. APC, panitumumab-IR700 (팬-IR700)를 합성 하였다. 세포 (A431 뤽-GFP 및 3T3-RFP)의 다양한 비율로 구성 된 혼합 타원체는이 프로토콜 (그림 1)에</stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selective Cell Elimination from Mixed 3D Culture Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Technique at JoVE.com

Selective Cell Elimination from Mixed 3D Culture Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Technique

Eliminating specific cells without damaging other cells is extremely difficult, especially in established tissue, yet there is an urgent need for a cell elimination method in the tissue engineering field. Here, we present a method for specific cell elimination from a mixed 3D cell culture using near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT).

근적외선 Photoimmunotherapy 기술을 사용하여 혼합 된 3D 문화에서 선택적 세포 제거

Recent developments in tissue engineering offer innovative solutions for many diseases. For example, tissue engineering using induced pluripotent stem ...

selective-cell-elimination-from-mixed-3d-culture-using-near-infrared

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

7.8K 조회수.  National Cancer Institute. Eliminating specific cells without damaging other cells is extremely difficult, especially in established tissue, yet there is an urgent need for a cell elimination method in the tissue engineering field. Here, we present a method for specific cell elimination from a mixed 3D cell culture using near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT). 

비디오: Selective Cell Elimination from Mixed 3D Culture Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Technique

A Simple Hanging Drop Cell Culture Protocol for Generation of 3D Spheroids

Studies of cell-cell cohesion and cell-substratum adhesion have historically been performed on monolayer cultures adherent to rigid substrates. Cells within a tissue, however, are typically encased within a closely packed tissue mass in which cells establish intimate connections with many near-neighbors and with extracellular matrix components. Accordingly, the chemical milieu and physical forces experienced by cells within a 3D tissue are fundamentally different than those experienced by cells grown in monolayer culture. This has been shown to markedly impact cellular morphology and signaling. Several methods have been devised to generate 3D cell cultures including encapsulation of cells in collagen gels1or in biomaterial scaffolds2. Such methods, while useful, do not recapitulate the intimate direct cell-cell adhesion architecture found in normal tissues. Rather, they more closely approximate culture systems in which single cells are loosely dispersed within a 3D meshwork of ECM products. Here, we describe a simple method in which cells are placed in hanging drop culture and incubated under physiological conditions until they form true 3D spheroids in which cells are in direct contact with each other and with extracellular matrix components. The method requires no specialized equipment and can be adapted to include addition of any biological agent in very small quantities that may be of interest in elucidating effects on cell-cell or cell-ECM interaction. The method can also be used to co-culture two (or more) different cell populations so as to elucidate the role of cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions in specifying spatial relationships between cells. Cell-cell cohesion and cell-ECM adhesion are the cornerstones of studies of embryonic development, tumor-stromal cell interaction in malignant invasion, wound healing, and for applications to tissue engineering. This simple method will provide a means of generating tissue-like cellular aggregates for measurement of biomechanical properties or for molecular and biochemical analysis in a physiologically relevant model.

We describe a simple, rapid method of generating 3D tissue-like spheroids and their potential application to quantify differences in cell-cell interactions.

3D Spheroids의 생성을위한 간단한 한깅 드롭 세포 배양 프로토콜

Studies of cell-cell cohesion and cell-substratum adhesion have historically been performed on monolayer cultures adherent to rigid substrates. Cells ...

연구

생체공학

Rotating Cell Culture Systems for Human Cell Culture: Human Trophoblast Cells as a Model

The field of human trophoblast research aids in understanding the complex environment established during placentation. Due to the nature of these studies, human in vivo experimentation is impossible. A combination of primary cultures, explant cultures and trophoblast cell lines1 support our understanding of invasion of the uterine wall2 and remodeling of uterine spiral arteries3,4 by extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs), which is required for successful establishment of pregnancy. Despite the wealth of knowledge gleaned from such models, it is accepted that in vitro cell culture models using EVT-like cell lines display altered cellular properties when compared to their in vivo counterparts5,6. Cells cultured in the rotating cell culture system (RCCS) display morphological, phenotypic, and functional properties of EVT-like cell lines that more closely mimic differentiating in utero EVTs, with increased expression of genes mediating invasion (e.g. matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)) and trophoblast differentiation7,8,9. The Saint Georges Hospital Placental cell Line-4 (SGHPL-4) (kindly donated by Dr. Guy Whitley and Dr. Judith Cartwright) is an EVT-like cell line that was used for testing in the RCCS.
The design of the RCCS culture vessel is based on the principle that organs and tissues function in a three-dimensional (3-D) environment. Due to the dynamic culture conditions in the vessel, including conditions of physiologically relevant shear, cells grown in three dimensions form aggregates based on natural cellular affinities and differentiate into organotypic tissue-like assemblies10,11,12 . The maintenance of a fluid orbit provides a low-shear, low-turbulence environment similar to conditions found in vivo. Sedimentation of the cultured cells is countered by adjusting the rotation speed of the RCCS to ensure a constant free-fall of cells. Gas exchange occurs through a permeable hydrophobic membrane located on the back of the bioreactor. Like their parental tissue in vivo, RCCS-grown cells are able to respond to chemical and molecular gradients in three dimensions (i.e. at their apical, basal, and lateral surfaces) because they are cultured on the surface of porous microcarrier beads. When grown as two-dimensional monolayers on impermeable surfaces like plastic, cells are deprived of this important communication at their basal surface. Consequently, the spatial constraints imposed by the environment profoundly affect how cells sense and decode signals from the surrounding microenvironment, thus implying an important role for the 3-D milieu13.
We have used the RCCS to engineer biologically meaningful 3-D models of various human epithelial tissues7,14,15,16. Indeed, many previous reports have demonstrated that cells cultured in the RCCS can assume physiologically relevant phenotypes that have not been possible with other models10,17-21. In summary, culture in the RCCS represents an easy, reproducible, high-throughput platform that provides large numbers of differentiated cells that are amenable to a variety of experimental manipulations. 
In the following protocol, using EVTs as an example, we clearly describe the steps required to three-dimensionally culture adherent cells in the RCCS.

Traditional, two dimensional cell culture techniques often result in altered characteristics with respect to differentiation markers, cytokines and growth factors. Three-dimensional cell culture in the rotating cell culture system (RCCS) reestablishes expression of many of these factors as shown here with an extravillous trophoblast cell line.

인간 세포 배양을위한 회전 세포 배양 시스템 : 모델로 인간 Trophoblast 셀

The field of human trophoblast research aids in  understanding the complex environment established during placentation. Due to the  nature of these ...

Preparation of 3D Fibrin Scaffolds for Stem Cell Culture Applications

Stem cells are found in naturally occurring 3D microenvironments in vivo, which are often referred to as the stem cell niche 1. Culturing stem cells inside of 3D biomaterial scaffolds provides a way to accurately mimic these microenvironments, providing an advantage over traditional 2D culture methods using polystyrene as well as a method for engineering replacement tissues 2. While 2D tissue culture polystrene has been used for the majority of cell culture experiments, 3D biomaterial scaffolds can more closely replicate the microenvironments found in vivo by enabling more accurate establishment of cell polarity in the environment and possessing biochemical and mechanical properties similar to soft tissue.3 A variety of naturally derived and synthetic biomaterial scaffolds have been investigated as 3D environments for supporting stem cell growth. While synthetic scaffolds can be synthesized to have a greater range of mechanical and chemical properties and often have greater reproducibility, natural biomaterials are often composed of proteins and polysaccharides found in the extracelluar matrix and as a result contain binding sites for cell adhesion and readily support cell culture. Fibrin scaffolds, produced by polymerizing the protein fibrinogen obtained from plasma, have been widely investigated for a variety of tissue engineering applications both in vitro and in vivo 4. Such scaffolds can be modified using a variety of methods to incorporate controlled release systems for delivering therapeutic factors 5. Previous work has shown that such scaffolds can be used to successfully culture embryonic stem cells and this scaffold-based culture system can be used to screen the effects of various growth factors on the differentiation of the stem cells seeded inside 6,7.
 This protocol details the process of polymerizing fibrin scaffolds from fibrinogen solutions using the enzymatic activity of thrombin. The process takes 2 days to complete, including an overnight dialysis step for the fibrinogen solution to remove citrates that inhibit polymerization. These detailed methods rely on fibrinogen concentrations determined to be optimal for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell culture. Other groups have further investigated fibrin scaffolds for a wide range of cell types and applications - demonstrating the versatility of this approach 8-12.

This work details the preparation of 3D fibrin scaffolds for culturing and differentiating plutipotent stem cells. Such scaffolds can be used to screen the effects of various biological compounds on stem cell behavior as well as modified to contain drug delivery systems.

3D 섬유소의 준비는 줄기 세포 배양 용도 공사장 공중 발판

Stem cells are found in naturally occurring 3D microenvironments in vivo, which are often referred to as the stem cell niche 1. Culturing stem cells ...

A Novel Method for Localizing Reporter Fluorescent Beads Near the Cell Culture Surface for Traction Force Microscopy

PA gels have long been used as a platform to study cell traction forces due to ease of fabrication and the ability to tune their elastic properties. When the substrate is coated with an extracellular matrix protein, cells adhere to the gel and apply forces, causing the gel to deform. The deformation depends on the cell traction and the elastic properties of the gel. If the deformation field of the surface is known, surface traction can be calculated using elasticity theory. Gel deformation is commonly measured by embedding fluorescent marker beads uniformly into the gel. The probes displace as the gel deforms. The probes near the surface of the gel are tracked. The displacements reported by these probes are considered as surface displacements. Their depths from the surface are ignored. This assumption introduces error in traction force evaluations. For precise measurement of cell forces, it is critical for the location of the beads to be known. We have developed a technique that utilizes simple chemistry to confine fluorescent marker beads, 0.1 and 1 &#181;m in diameter, in PA gels, within 1.6 &#956;m of the surface. We coat a coverslip with poly-D-lysine (PDL) and fluorescent beads. PA gel solution is then sandwiched between the coverslip and an adherent surface. The fluorescent beads transfer to the gel solution during curing. After polymerization, the PA gel contains fluorescent beads on a plane close to the gel surface.

Traditional techniques for fabricating polyacrylamide (PA) gels containing fluorescent probes involve sandwiching a gel between an adherent surface and a glass slide. Here, we show that coating this slide with poly-D-lysine (PDL) and fluorescent probes localizes the probes to within 1.6 &#181;m from the gel surface.

견인 힘 현미경의 세포 배양 표면 근처 지역화 기자 형광 구슬을위한 새로운 방법

PA gels have long been used as a platform to study cell traction forces due to ease of fabrication and the ability to tune their elastic properties. When ...

Fluorescence-quenching of a Liposomal-encapsulated Near-infrared Fluorophore as a Tool for In Vivo Optical Imaging

Optical imaging offers a wide range of diagnostic modalities and has attracted a lot of interest as a tool for biomedical imaging. Despite the enormous number of imaging techniques currently available and the progress in instrumentation, there is still a need for highly sensitive probes that are suitable for in vivo imaging. One typical problem of available preclinical fluorescent probes is their rapid clearance in vivo, which reduces their imaging sensitivity. To circumvent rapid clearance, increase number of dye molecules at the target site, and thereby reduce background autofluorescence, encapsulation of the near-infrared fluorescent dye, DY-676-COOH in liposomes and verification of its potential for in vivo imaging of inflammation was done. DY-676 is known for its ability to self-quench at high concentrations. We first determined the concentration suitable for self-quenching, and then encapsulated this quenching concentration into the aqueous interior of PEGylated liposomes. To substantiate the quenching and activation potential of the liposomes we use a harsh freezing method which leads to damage of liposomal membranes without affecting the encapsulated dye. The liposomes characterized by a high level of fluorescence quenching were termed Lip-Q. We show by experiments with different cell lines that uptake of Lip-Q is predominantly by phagocytosis which in turn enabled the characterization of its potential as a tool for in vivo imaging of inflammation in mice models. Furthermore, we use a zymosan-induced edema model in mice to substantiate the potential of Lip-Q in optical imaging of inflammation in vivo. Considering possible uptake due to inflammation-induced enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, an always-on liposome formulation with low, non-quenched concentration of DY-676-COOH (termed Lip-dQ) and the free DY-676-COOH were compared with Lip-Q in animal trials.

Fluorescence-quenching of a Liposomal-encapsulated Near-infrared Fluorophore as a Tool for In Vivo Optical Imaging

The use of fluorophores for in vivo imaging can be greatly limited by opsonization, rapid clearance, low detection sensitivity and cytotoxic effects on the host. Encapsulation of fluorophores in liposomes by film hydration and extrusion leads to fluorescence quenching and protection which enables in vivo imaging with high detection sensitivity.

위한 도구로 리포좀 캡슐화 된 근적외선 형광의 형광 담금질<em&gt; 생체</em&gt; 광학 이미징

Optical imaging offers a wide range of diagnostic modalities and has attracted a lot of interest as a tool for biomedical imaging. Despite the enormous ...

Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct both planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic devices. By spraying an aerosol adhesive through a metal stencil, the overall amount of adhesive used in assembling paper microfluidic devices can be significantly reduced. We show on a simple 4-layer planar paper microfluidic device that the optimal adhesive application technique and device construction style depends heavily on desired performance characteristics. By moderately increasing the overall area of a device, it is possible to dramatically decrease the wicking time and increase device success rates while also reducing the amount of adhesive required to keep the device together. Such adhesive application also causes the adhesive to form semi-permanent bonds instead of permanent bonds between paper layers, enabling single-use devices to be non-destructively disassembled after use. Nonplanar 3D origami devices also benefit from the semi-permanent bonds during folding, as it reduces the likelihood that unrelated faces may accidently stick together. Like planar devices, nonplanar structures see reduced wicking times with patterned adhesive application vs uniformly applied adhesive.

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct 3D paper microfluidic devices. This method of adhesive application forms semi-permanent bonds between layers, enabling single-use devices to be non-destructively disassembled after use and to ease folding complex nonplanar structures.

3D 종이 미세 유체 장치를 구축하기 위해 접착제 패터닝을 사용하여

We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct both planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic devices. By spraying an aerosol ...

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass based substrates, and hydrogel-based tube formation assays. These assays, while informative, do not recapitulate lumen geometry, proper extracellular matrix, and multi-cellular proximity, which play key roles in modulating vascular function. This manuscript describes an injection molding method to generate engineered vessels with diameters on the order of 100 &#181;m. Microvessels are fabricated by seeding endothelial cells in a microfluidic channel embedded within a native type I collagen hydrogel. By incorporating parenchymal cells within the collagen matrix prior to channel formation, specific tissue microenvironments can be modeled and studied. Additional modulations of hydrodynamic properties and media composition allow for control of complex vascular function within the desired microenvironment. This platform allows for the study of perivascular cell recruitment, blood-endothelium interactions, flow response, and tissue-microvascular interactions. Engineered microvessels offer the ability to isolate the influence from individual components of a vascular niche and precisely control its chemical, mechanical, and biological properties to study vascular biology in both health and disease.

This manuscript presents an injection molding method to engineer microvessels that recapitulate physiological properties of endothelium. The microfluidic-based process creates patent 3D vascular networks with tailorable conditions, such as flow, cellular composition, geometry, and biochemical gradients. The fabrication process and examples of potential applications are described.

미세화 및 3D 미세 혈관의 조립

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass ...

Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture

Here we present a method for establishing multiple component cell culture hydrogels for in vitro lung cell culture. Beginning with healthy en bloc lung tissue from porcine, rat, or mouse, the tissue is perfused and submerged in subsequent chemical detergents to remove the cellular debris. Histological comparison of the tissue before and after processing confirms removal of over 95% of double stranded DNA and alpha galactosidase staining suggests the majority of cellular debris is removed. After decellularization, the tissue is lyophilized and then cryomilled into a powder. The matrix powder is digested for 48 hr in an acidic pepsin digestion solution and then neutralized to form the pregel solution. Gelation of the pregel solution can be induced by incubation at 37 &#176;C and can be used immediately following neutralization or stored at 4 &#176;C for up to two weeks. Coatings can be formed using the pregel solution on a non-treated plate for cell attachment. Cells can be suspended in the pregel prior to self-assembly to achieve a 3D culture, plated on the surface of a formed gel from which the cells can migrate through the scaffold, or plated on the coatings. Alterations to the strategy presented can impact gelation temperature, strength, or protein fragment sizes. Beyond hydrogel formation, the hydrogel stiffness may be increased using genipin.

This is a method to create a 3-dimensional cell culture scaffold from pulmonary extracellular matrix. Intact lung is processed into hydrogels that can support the growth of cells in three-dimensions.

3 차원 세포 배양을위한 폐 세포 외 매트릭스에서 조정 히드로 겔

Here we present a method for establishing multiple component cell culture hydrogels for in vitro lung cell culture. Beginning with healthy en bloc lung ...

Bioprinting of Cartilage and Skin Tissue Analogs Utilizing a Novel Passive Mixing Unit Technique for Bioink Precellularization

Bioprinting is a powerful technique for the rapid and reproducible fabrication of constructs for tissue engineering applications. In this study, both cartilage and skin analogs were fabricated after bioink pre-cellularization utilizing a novel passive mixing unit technique. This technique was developed with the aim to simplify the steps involved in the mixing of a cell suspension into a highly viscous bioink. The resolution of filaments deposited through bioprinting necessitates the assurance of uniformity in cell distribution prior to printing to avoid the deposition of regions without cells or retention of large cell clumps that can clog the needle. We demonstrate the ability to rapidly blend a cell suspension with a bioink prior to bioprinting of both cartilage and skin analogs. Both tissue analogs could be cultured for up to 4 weeks. Histological analysis demonstrated both cell viability and deposition of tissue specific extracellular matrix (ECM) markers such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen I respectively.

Cartilage and skin analogs were bioprinted using a nanocellulose-alginate based bioink. The bioinks were cellularized prior to printing via a single step passive mixing unit. The constructs were demonstrated to be uniformly cellularized, have high viability, and exhibit favorable markers of differentiation.

연골과 피부 조직 아날로그 소설 수동 Bioink Precellularization에 대 한 단위 기술 혼합을 이용 하 여 Bioprinting

Bioprinting is a powerful technique for the rapid and reproducible fabrication of constructs for tissue engineering applications. In this study, both ...

Fabrication of Custom Agarose Wells for Cell Seeding and Tissue Ring Self-assembly Using 3D-Printed Molds

Engineered tissues are being used clinically for tissue repair and replacement, and are being developed as tools for drug screening and human disease modeling. Self-assembled tissues offer advantages over scaffold-based tissue engineering, such as enhanced matrix deposition, strength, and function. However, there are few available methods for fabricating 3D tissues without seeding cells on or within a supporting scaffold. Previously, we developed a system for fabricating self-assembled tissue rings by seeding cells into non-adhesive agarose wells. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) negative was first cast in a machined polycarbonate mold, and then agarose was gelled in the PDMS negative to create ring-shaped cell seeding wells. However, the versatility of this approach was limited by the resolution of the tools available for machining the polycarbonate mold. Here, we demonstrate that 3D-printed plastic can be used as an alternative to machined polycarbonate for fabricating PDMS negatives. The 3D-printed mold and revised mold design is simpler to use, inexpensive to produce, and requires significantly less agarose and PDMS per cell seeding well. We have demonstrated that the resulting agarose wells can be used to create self-assembled tissue rings with customized diameters from a variety of different cell types. Rings can then be used for mechanical, functional, and histological analysis, or for fabricating larger and more complex tubular tissues.

This protocol describes a platform for fabricating self-assembled tissue rings in variable sizes using a customized 3D-printed plastic mold. PDMS negatives are cured in the 3D-printed mold; then agarose is cast in the cured PDMS negatives. Cells are seeded into the resulting agarose wells where they aggregate into tissue rings.

셀 시드를 위한 사용자 지정 Agarose 우물 및 자기 조립 금형 3D 인쇄를 사용 하 여 조직 반지 제작

Engineered tissues are being used clinically for tissue repair and replacement, and are being developed as tools for drug screening and human disease ...