This work was funded by the DFG (SFB 779 TPB8, Kr1879/3-1 MRK), DIP grant (MRK), EU FP7 MC-ITN NPlast (MRK), Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS, Sahsen-Anhalt), (AK and SB), MM is a recipient of European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Long-Term Fellowship (EMBO ALTF 884-2011) and Marie-Curie IEF.

성인 쥐의 뇌에서 급성 해마 조각의 1 준비 <ol><li> 이소 플루 란 쥐를 마취. 주의 : 폐쇄 exicator를 사용하여 절차를 수행, 이소 플루 란을 흡입하지 않습니다. 동물이 완전히 마취되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 신속하게 쥐의 목을 벨 뇌를 분리하고, precarbonated (95 %, O2 / 5 % CO 2 가스 혼합물) 얼음처럼 차가운 밀리미터의 Gey의 솔루션 (구성에 젖어 : (130)의 NaCl, 4.9의 KCl, 1.5 염화칼슘 2 · 2H 2 O를 0.3 황산 4 · 2H 2 O, 11 MgCl2를 · 6H 2 O, 0.23 KH 2 PO 4, 0.8 나 2 HPO 4 · 7H 2 O, 5 포도당 · H 2 O, 25 HEPES, 22 탄산 수소 나트륨, 산도 7.32) 30 분 1,2,10,16합니다. </li><li> entorhinal 피질의 소뇌 부분을 제거합니다. 다음의 내측 표면에 각각의 반구를 배치, 중간 시상 컷 대뇌 피질 반구를 분리합니다. 그 후 확인각 반구 (13, 14)의 지느러미 가장자리를 따라 50 ~ 70 ° 컷 (50 ~ 70 °의 횡 방향). </li><li> 절편 시스템의 슬라이스 플랫폼에서 갓 잘라 표면과 각 반구를 붙인다. 이 플랫폼은 precarbogenated 얼음처럼 차가운 Gey의 솔루션이 적용되어야한다. </li><li> z 축 진동을 최소화하기 위해 조정 된 vibratome를 사용하여 다른 쪽면 후부하기 위해 전방에서 350 μm의 50 ~ 70 ° 횡단면을 잘라. 해마 형성 subicular 및 entorhinal 피질뿐만 아니라 해마에있는 dorsolateral을 피질 13,14 실험에 사용 슬라이스의 일부가 될 것이다. </li><li> U 모양 및 침수 형 인큐베이터에 해마 슬라이스를 전송하고 carbogenated 인공 뇌척수액 (ACSF (단위 : mm) 포함 32 ° C에서 적어도 2 시간 동안 품어 : 2H 2 O, 1.5 황산 · 110 염화나트륨, 2.5의 KCl, 2.5 염화칼슘이 4 · 2H 2 O, 1.24 KH 2 PO 4, 10 포도당 · H 2O, 27.4 탄산 수소 나트륨, 산도 7.3) 1,2,10,16. </li></ol> 2 전극의 위치, 기준 기록 및 LTP의 유도 <ol><li> 현미경 장착 침수 타입의 기록 챔버에 해마 슬라이스를 전송합니다. 32 ° C에서 최소 30 분 동안 carbogenated ACSF로 (6-7 ml / 분)를 관류. </li><li> (팁 저항 MΩ 3-5 인) ACSF 가득 유리 모세관 미세 전극을 준비합니다. </li><li> 자극과 fEPSP의 CA1 지층 radiatum 기록 1,2,10 (그림 2)에서 CA1 샤퍼 담보 섬유에 ACSF 가득 유리 미세 전극을 배치합니다. 전극 사이의 거리는 약 300 μM이어야한다. </li><li> 3-4 V.의 범위에서 이상성 직사각형 전류 펄스 (200 밀리 초 / 극성)와 샤퍼 담보 섬유의 자극에 의​​해 필드 흥분성 시냅스 후 전위 (fEPSPs)를 보여주고 있습니다 </li><li> INP을 측정함으로써 최대 자극 검사를 수행UT 출력 관계가 얻어 fEPSP 최대 슬로프 값의 40 %의 자극 강도를 정의하고 실험 내내 일정하게 유지. </li><li> 최대 자극 검사 후 최소 15 분 동안베이스 라인 녹음을 시작합니다. 실험을하는 동안 모든 분을 자극 테스트 응답을 측정한다. 저주파 자극과베이스 라인 녹음을 수행합니다. </li><li> 적어도 30 분 동안 기준선을 기록합니다. </li><li> 늦은 LTP 유도를 들어 고주파에게 5 분 intertrain 간격으로 100 Hz에서 세 1 초 자극 열차로 구성된 100 Hz에서 tetanization을 적용합니다. CA1 지역 5 μM의 bicuculline 내 자극의 필드를 증가시키기는 tetanization 전에 2 분 세척 할 수 있으며, 즉시 마지막 tetanization 후에 세척해야한다. </li></ol> LTP와 스냅 동결 유도 후 조각의 3 컬렉션 <ol><li> 정지 LTP는 2 분이나 늦게 LTP를 유도 파상풍의 자극 세 열차 후 30 분을 기록. </li><l난&gt; 전극을 제거하고 신속하게 드라이 아이스에 배치 precold 금속 플랫폼에 슬라이스를 전송합니다. U 모양의 인큐베이터에 보관 제어 슬라이스에 대해이 절차를 반복합니다. 주의 : 장갑 드라이 아이스와 함께 작업하는 동안. </li><li> -80 ° C에서 1.5 ML 튜브 및 저장소에있는 각 조각을 수집합니다. </li></ol> 해마의 CA1 지역에서 핵 농축 분획의 4 격리 <ol><li> -80 ° C에서 냉동 슬라이스로 1.5 ㎖의 에펜 도르프 튜브를 타고 얼음에 보관하십시오. </li><li> 추가 튜브에 신선한 차가운 TBS 버퍼를 포함하는 단백질 분해 효소 (PI) 및 포스 파타 아제 (PS) 억제제, 0.5 ml의. 2 ~ 3 분 동안 품어 실체에 전송합니다. 주의 : 보호 장갑과 PI와 PS 작업하는 동안 실험실 코트. </li><li> 두 바늘을 사용하여 해마의 CA1 지층 pyramidale 영역을 해부하다. 실체와 CA1 영역의 절단 초 바늘 아래 슬라이스를 유지하기위한 하나의 바늘을 사용한다. </li><li> 해부 CA를 수집50 ㎕의 용해 완충액을 함유하는 새로운 1.5 ㎖의 튜브에 (각 그룹에 대해) 5 조각에서 한 지역 (mm 단위 함유 저장성 용해 완충액 1x에서 10 HEPES를, 1.5 MgCl2를, 10의 KCl, PI 및 PS으로 pH 7.9). 소재의이 금액은 2 ~ 3 immunoblots을 실행하기에 충분한 있습니다. </li><li> 아래주의 피펫 위로에 의해 수집 된 조직을 균질화. 200 μL 피펫을 사용합니다. 세포가 팽창 할 수 있도록 5-7 분 동안 얼음에 해물을 품어. </li><li> , 해물의 2 μl를 가지고 현미경 슬라이드를 삭제하고 밝은 필드 현미경으로 세포의 부종을 시각화. 세포의 적절한 팽창으로 핵은 원형 그대로 구조를 나타납니다. </li><li> &#39;균질 부분&#39;등 신선한 1.5 ML 튜브에 샘플의 20 μl를 수집합니다. 배 SDS 샘플 버퍼를 변성의 8 μl를 추가합니다. </li><li> 1 분 동안 11,000 rpm에서 원심 분리 잔류 해물. </li><li> 조심스럽게, 그럴 상단 ( &#39;세포질 부분&#39;)에서 상층 액을 수집ansfer 새로운 튜브에 넣고 4 배의 샘플 버퍼의 20 μl를 추가합니다. </li><li> 저장성 버퍼의 60 μL에 펠렛을 재현 탁하고 배 샘플 버퍼의 20 μl를 추가합니다. 이 분획을 &#39;핵 농축 분획&#39;라 칭한다. </li><li> 균질, 세포질 및 핵 농축 분획 또는 -80 나중에 면역 블로에 대한 C ° -20 ° C에서 저장 될 수있다. </li></ol> Synapto 핵 단백질에 대한 5 반 정량적 Immunoblotting 방법 <ol><li> 샘플을 Defreeze 95 ° C에서 5 분간을 끓인다. </li><li> 각 부분에서 5 μl를 타고 아미 검정 시험 또는 BCA 시험에 의해 단백질 농도를 결정한다. </li><li> SDS-PAGE에 균질에서 단백질 시료의 같은 양의 세포질과 핵 농축 분획을로드합니다. 제어 및 LTP의 조각에서 샘플을 직접 비교를 위해 동일한 겔에 배치해야합니다. </li><li> 표준 서구 블로 팅 절차를 수행 (젖은 전송 권장). </li><li> t으로 막을 프로브그는 선택의 항체의. 특정한 뉴런 enolase2 (NSE2)과 핵 마커 - - NeuN 및 로딩 대조군으로서 액틴 항체이어서 동일 롯 (또는 병렬로 실행 동일한 샘플) 세포질 마커를 탐색 할 수있다. </li></ol> (6) 데이터 분석 <ol><li> LTP 유도의 효율 Clampfit 소프트웨어에 의해 분석 될 수있다. 기준선 기록의 평균 기울기 tetanization 후 경사면 양방향 ANOVA, P를 사용하여 비교 하​​였다 &lt;0.05는 유의 한 차이로 간주 하였다. fEPSP 기울기 값은 SEM 평균 ±로 다이어그램에 묘사 된 </li><li> immunoblots의 정량, 방사 법적 필름 중 하나를 스캔 Licor 시스템 ImageJ에 또는 형광 단백질 밴드에 의한 대역의 집적 밀도를 분석한다. 면역 밴드의 값은로드 및 블로 팅 제어를 정상화해야합니다. 컨트롤의 비교 및​​ LTP 그룹의 경우 nonparametrical 맨 - 휘트니 U 테스트를 사용할 수 있습니다. </li></ol><table border="0"cellpadding이 = &quot;0&quot;cellspacing = &quot;0&quot;&gt; <tbody><tr><td> 버퍼의 이름 </td><td> 시약 </td><td> 농도 (㎜) </td><td> 금액 </td><td> 댓글 / 설명 </td></tr><tr><td> Gey의 솔루션 (산도 : 7.4 ~ 7.3) </td><td> 염화나트륨 </td><td> 130 </td><td> 7.6 g </td><td> 멸균 여과 </td></tr><tr><td> 1000 ML </td><td> 의 KCl </td><td> 4.9 </td><td> 0.37 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 염화칼슘 2 · 2H 2 O </td><td> 1.5 </td><td> 0.22 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 황산 4 · 2H 2 O </td><td> 0.3 </td><td> 0.0739 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> MgCl2를 · 6H 2 O </td><td> 11 </td><td> 2.24 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> KH 2 PO 4 </td><td> 0.23 </td><td> 0.0313 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 나 2 HPO 4 · 7H 2 O </td><td> 0.8 </td><td> 0.2145 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 포도당 · H 2 O </td><td> 5 </td><td> 0.9909 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> HEPES </td><td> 25 </td><td> 5.96 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 탄산 수소 나트륨 </td><td> 22 </td><td> 1.85 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> ACSF (산도 : 7.4 ~ 7.3) </td><td> 염화나트륨 </td><td> (110) </td><td> 6.428 g </td><td> 멸균 여과 </td></tr><tr><td> 1000 ML </td><td> 의 KCl </td><td> 2.5 </td><td> 0.1865 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 염화칼슘 2 · 2H 2 O </td><td> 2.5 </td><td> 0.368 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 황산 4 · 2H 2 O </td><td> 1.5 </td><td> 0.370 g </tD&gt; <td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> KH 2 PO 4 </td><td> 1.24 </td><td> 0.169 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 포도당 · H 2 O </td><td> 10 </td><td> 1.9817 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 탄산 수소 나트륨 </td><td> 27.4 </td><td> 2.3 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 1 배 저장성 완충액 (pH : 7.9) </td><td> HEPES </td><td> 10 </td><td> 0.23 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 100 ml의 </td><td> MgCl2를 · 6H 2 O </td><td> 1.5 </td><td> 0.0304 g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 의 KCl </td><td> 10 </td><td> 0.07455 g </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> 표 1 버퍼.

<ol>
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U., Behnisch, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+cell+analysis+of+activity-dependent+cyclic+AMP-responsive+element-binding+protein+phosphorylation+during+long-lasting+long-term+potentiation+in+area+CA1+of+mature+rat+hippocampal-organotypic+cultures.">Single cell analysis of activity-dependent cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation during long-lasting long-term potentiation in area CA1 of mature rat hippocampal-organotypic cultures.</a> Neuroscience. 131 (3), 601-610 (2005).</li><li>Perlson, E., Hanz, S., Ben-Yaakov, K., Segal-Ruder, Y., Seger, R., Fainzilber, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vimentin-dependent+spatial+translocation+of+an+activated+MAP+kinase+in+injured+nerve.">Vimentin-dependent spatial translocation of an activated MAP kinase in injured nerve.</a> Neuron. 45 (5), 715-726 (2005).</li><li>Xiang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+maintenance+of+mature+hippocampal+slices+in+vitro.">Long-term maintenance of mature hippocampal slices in vitro.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 98 (2), 145-154 (2000).</li><li>Zhao, M., Adams, J. P., Dudek, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pattern-dependent+role+of+NMDA+receptors+in+actin+potential+generation:+consequences+on+extracellular+signal-regulated+kinase+activation.">Pattern-dependent role of NMDA receptors in actin potential generation: consequences on extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation.</a> J. Neurosci. 25 (30), 7032-7039 (2005).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

위의 프로토콜에 설명 된 단계는, 해마 급성 젊은이나 성인 쥐에서 슬라이스 준비 슬라이스의 자극 영역을 유도하고 기록 LTP가 신속하게 해부하고, 활동에 따라 단백질 역학을 공부 핵 농축 분획을 준비하는 방법에 대한 지침을 제공합니다. 이러한 접근 방식은 서로 독립적으로 사용되는 몇 가지 상이한 방법의 조합으로부터 도출한다. 우리는 워크 플로우를 최적화 LTP의 유도에 따라 단백질의 세...

시냅틱 N-메틸-D-아스파 테이트는 수용체 (NMDARs)는 시냅스 가소성 및 세포 생존이 신경 퇴행 및 세포 사멸을 유발할 수 extrasynaptic NMDARs 반면 시그널링의 활성화에 결정적인 역할을한다. 이러한 변화는 엄격하게 제어 / 규제 활동에 따라 유전자 발현에 의존하므로 활성화 시냅스 또는 수상 돌기 및 핵 7 사이의 지속적인 통신을 필요로한다. MAP는 ERK1 / 2 신호를 시냅스 NMDARs의 다운 스트림 이펙터하고 extrasynaptic NMDAR를 통해 시그널링 없거나 ERK1 / 2 활성 8,11에 대한 억제 효과가있는 반면, NMDAR 활성화에 의한 유전자 발현에 관여하지 않음을 키나아제. 원위 수상 돌기와 핵 사이의 셔틀로 표시되었습니다 단백질의 여러 가지가 있습니다. 이들 단백질의 대부분은 핵 이행 시그널을 포함하고 적극적으로 핵 6,9 네인과 임포 의존적으로 microtubuli을 따라 수송된다. InterestinglY, 특정 시냅스 자극에 대한 응답으로 핵이 사자의 일부는 교통. 예를 들어, 사이 클릭 AMP 반응 요소 결합 단백질이 (CREB2)의 역행 수송 화학 LTD 아니라 LTP (12)에 의해 유도된다. 지역화 NMDAR 종속 시냅스 자극 장기 해마 가소성 4에서 포함되는 핵 전좌 프로세스로 CREB 조절 전사 보조 활성화 (CRTC1)를 구동한다. 그것은 최근에 단백질 메신저 야곱이 모두 후 핵 시냅스와 extrasynaptic NMDAR 활성화에 옭 및 CREB 따라 유전자 전사 5를 조절 것으로 나타났다. 신호의 시냅스 또는 extrasynaptic 원점은 야곱의 번역 후 변형에 인코딩된다. 시냅스 활동이 주​​ 해마 문화의 핵 이후의 전위에 대한 필수입니다 위치 180 (pJacobS 180)에서 중요한 세린에서 야곱의 ERK1 / 2 의존 인산화를 유도한다. 또한, 전N CA1의 샤퍼 담보 LTP 후 핵 급성 해마 조각 pJacobS 180 옭의 뉴런하지만은 1,10 LTD. pS180 야곱은 가소성 관련 유전자의 발현 증가로 연결이 유전자 발현은 시냅스 기능에 피드백. extrasynaptic NMDARs의 활성화가 Ser180 인산화되지 않고 원인이 핵에 다른 단백질 복합체와 연관 될 수 있습니다 후 핵 옭 대조적으로, 야곱에서 &#39;CREB는 차단&#39;와 연접 (10)의 후퇴. synapto 핵 단백질 메신저의 핵 수입에 출판 된 대부분의 연구는 해리의 연결을 기본 문화에서 수행되고있다. 신경 세포의 연결 및 기능이 매우 잘 보존 된 곳 따라서 이러한 연구 결과는 해마 조각을 사용하여 생리 학적 관련성 조건에서 재현 할 수 있는지 흥미로운 일이 될 것이다. 여기에서 우리는 LTP 드를 평가하기위한 최적화 된 프로토콜을 제시면역 블로에 의해 단백질 메신저의 핵 전좌 매달린. 이 방법은 조 핵 분획 단백질의 활성에 의존 인산화 분석에 적합하다. 구체적으로는, 현재 프로토콜은 급성 CA1 해마 슬라이스, 유도, 및 LTP의 기록의 준비를 포함한다. 다음에, CA1 영역 현미경 자극 영역을 분리 해부된다. 우리는 결합 조 및 동료 (17)에 의해 도입 된 변경 CellLytic 핵 추출 키트에서 제공하는 핵 분리를위한 프로토콜을 수정했습니다. 최적화 과정은 세포 부종과 핵의 분리를 허용 저장성 버퍼 해부 CA1 영역의 용해를 포함한다. 세포 용해 및 핵의 형태를 현미경 검사에 의해 결정될 수있다. 핵 농축은 짧은 원심 분리 단계에 의해 달성된다. NeuN 및 NSE​​2 핵 또는 세포질 분획 특정 마커에 대한 항체로 면역 블 롯팅 분석을하는 것은이 방법은 고속으로 사용될 수 있음을 나타낸다재생 가능한 프로토콜은 이러한 세포 내 분수를 분리하고 단백질 인산화와 같은 매우 불안정한 번역 후 변형을 연구. 또한,이 방법은 해마 슬라이스 해부 CA1 영역으로부터 도출 작은 조직 샘플에 유리하고 해마 슬라이스에 면역을 조합하여 사용할 수있다.

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>CED 1401 AD/DA converter</td><td>Cambridge Electronics Design, UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iciba.com/stereomicroscope&quot;&gt;Stereomicroscope&lt;/a&gt;</td><td>Leica S4E, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibrotome</td><td>Leica VT1000S, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isolated pulse stimulator</td><td>A-M Systems, USA</td><td></td><td>Model 2100</td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SDS-PAGE system</td><td>Biorad</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooler</td><td>Julabo</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bright field Microscope</td><td>Nikon Eclipse TS100</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture incubator</td><td>Thermo Electron Corporation</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micromanipulator</td><td>Luigs &amp;amp; Neumann, SM-5, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blotting chamber and electric power supplier</td><td>Hoefer Scientific Instruments, San Francisco, CA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Submerged type recording chamber</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U-shape and submerged type incubator&amp;nbsp;</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Small surgical scissors</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin spatula</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastic Pasteur pipette</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastic culture dish&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bunsen beaker</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Reagents&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Roth</td><td>Art.-Nr.3957.1</td><td>&amp;ge;99.5%, p.a., ACS, ISO</td></tr><tr><td>KCl</td><td>Roth</td><td>Art.-Nr.6781.1</td><td>&amp;ge;99.5%, p.a., ACS, ISO</td></tr><tr><td>CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;middot;2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Merck</td><td>1.02382.0500</td><td>pro analysis</td></tr><tr><td>MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;middot;2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Merck</td><td>5886.05</td><td>pro analysis</td></tr><tr><td>MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;middot;6H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>AppliChem</td><td>CAS-NO: 7791-18-6; EC-NO:2320946</td><td>for molecular biology</td></tr><tr><td>KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Merck</td><td>12034.025</td><td>for molecular biology</td></tr><tr><td>Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;middot;2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Merck</td><td>1.06574.1000</td><td>extra pure</td></tr><tr><td>Glucose&amp;middot;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Roth</td><td>Art.-Nr.6887.1</td><td>for molecular biology</td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Roth</td><td>Art.-Nr.9105.4</td><td>PUFFERAN, &amp;ge;99.5%, p.a.</td></tr><tr><td>NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Merck</td><td>1.06329.1000</td><td>pro analysis</td></tr><tr><td>Protease inhibitor cocktail</td><td>Roche</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphostop</td><td>Roche</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bicuculline</td><td>Tocris Bioscience</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Baxter</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Antibodies&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Primary antibodies</td><td>Company</td><td>Catalog Number</td><td>Species</td></tr><tr><td>pJac-s180</td><td>Biogenes</td><td></td><td>rabbit (diluted 1:100)</td></tr><tr><td>NeuN</td><td>Milipore</td><td>MAB377</td><td>mouse (diluted 1:1,000)</td></tr><tr><td>NSE</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>D20H2</td><td>rabbit (diluted 1:1,000)</td></tr><tr><td>Beta-actin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A-5441</td><td>mouse (diluted 1:5,000)</td></tr><tr><td>Secondary antibodies</td><td>Company</td><td>Catalog Number</td><td>Species</td></tr><tr><td>IgG HRP conjugated</td><td>DAKO</td><td></td><td>goat anti-mouse (1:5,000)</td></tr><tr><td>IgG HRP conjugated</td><td>NEB</td><td></td><td>goat anti-rabbit (1:5,000)</td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation of ca1 nuclear enriched fractions from hippocampal slices to study activity-dependent nuclear import of synapto-nuclear messenger proteins

학습 활동에 따라 단백질 발현, 세포 내 전위 또는 인산화는 시냅스 가소성의 기본 세포 메커니즘을 이해하는 것이 필수적이다. 장기 증강 (LTP) 및 급성 해마 조각에 의한 장기적인 우울증 (주)는 널리 학습과 기억의 세포 모델로 허용됩니다. 활동에 따라 단백질 역학을 시각화하는 라이브 세포 이미징 또는 면역 조직 화학 염색 방법을 사용하여 많은 연구가있다. 그러나 이러한 방법은 하나의 신경 세포에서 형광 표지 된 단백질의 면역 세포 또는 과발현에 대한 항체의 적합성에 의존하고 있습니다. 단백질의 면역 블로는 연구 결과의 독립적 인 확인을 제공하는 다른 방법이다. 개별 tetanized 해마 조각에서 세포 내 분수의 준비의 첫 번째 제한 요소는 재료의 낮은 금액입니다. 둘째로, 처리 절차는 중요 리터 심지어 매우 짧고 작은 조작 인해슬라이스를 iving하는 특정 신호 폭포의 활성화를 유도 할 수 있습니다. 여기에서 우리는 쥐의 뇌에서 급성 해마 슬라이스의 CA1 영역에서 충분한 순도의 핵 농축 부분의 충분한 양을 얻기 위해 최적화 된 워크 플로우를 설명합니다. 대표적인 예로서 우리는 synapto 핵 단백질 메신저의 ERK1 / 2의 인산화 형태 야곱이 적극적으로 LTP의 유도에 따라 핵에 옭 및 CA1 신경 세포에서 핵 농축 분획에서 검출 될 수 있다는 것을 보여줍니다.

우리는 이전에 synapto 핵 단백질 메신저 야곱이 LTP의 유도하지만 LTD 한 다음 핵에 축적 것으로 나타났습니다. 또한, 시냅스 자극 후 야곱의 전위는 Ser180 (그림 1)에서 MAPK ERK1 / 2의 활성화와 야곱의 인산화가 필요합니다. 인산화 야곱은 임포 의존적으로 핵에 옭 및 인산화 상태는 15 αinternexin 중간 필라멘트와 관련하여 (그림 1)에 의해 장기간에 걸쳐 보존 할 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins at JoVE.c

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

우리의 해마 CA1 영역과 슬라이스 tetanized 영역으로부터 핵 농축 분획의 분리 이후에 장기간 상승 작용의 유도에 대한 상세한 프로토콜을 제공한다. 이 방법은 활성보기 학습 및 기억의 세포 모델에 의존하는 핵 단백질 수입을 결정하기 위해 사용될 수있다.

해마 조각에서 CA1 핵 농축 분획의 분리는 Synapto 핵 메신저 단백질의 활동에 의존하는 핵 가져 오기를 공부합니다

Studying activity dependent protein expression, subcellular translocation, or phosphorylation is essential to understand the underlying cellular ...

isolation-ca1-nuclear-enriched-fractions-from-hippocampal-slices-to

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

12.0K 조회수.  Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology.  우리의 해마 CA1 영역과 슬라이스 tetanized 영역으로부터 핵 농축 분획의 분리 이후에 장기간 상승 작용의 유도에 대한 상세한 프로토콜을 제공한다. 이 방법은 활성보기 학습 및 기억의 세포 모델에 의존하는 핵 단백질 수입을 결정하기 위해 사용될 수있다. 

비디오: Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs through activation of their ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, and process information in part through activity-dependent release of gliotransmitters. Furthermore, astrocytes constitute the main uptake system for glutamate, contribute to potassium spatial buffering, as well as to GABA clearance. These cells therefore constantly monitor synaptic activity, and are thereby sensitive indicators for alterations in synaptically-released glutamate, GABA and extracellular potassium levels. Additionally, alterations in astroglial uptake activity or buffering capacity can have severe effects on neuronal functions, and might be overlooked when characterizing physiopathological situations or knockout mice. Dual recording of neuronal and astroglial activities is therefore an important method to study alterations in synaptic strength associated to concomitant changes in astroglial uptake and buffering capacities. Here we describe how to prepare hippocampal slices, how to identify stratum radiatum astrocytes, and how to record simultaneously neuronal and astroglial electrophysiological responses. Furthermore, we describe how to isolate pharmacologically the synaptically-evoked astroglial currents.

The preparation of acute brain slices from isolated hippocampi, as well as the simultaneous electrophysiological recordings of astrocytes and neurons in stratum radiatum during stimulation of schaffer collaterals is described. The pharmacological isolation of astroglial potassium and glutamate transporter currents is demonstrated.

급성 Hippocampal 슬라이스에 Synaptically-evoked Astroglial와 Neuronal 응답의 듀얼 Electrophysiological 레코딩

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

연구

신경과학

Post-embedding Immunogold Labeling of Synaptic Proteins in Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful tool to study biological molecules at the subcellular level. Antibodies coupled to electron-dense markers such as colloidal gold can reveal the localization and distribution of specific antigens in various tissues1. The two most widely used techniques are pre-embedding and post-embedding techniques. In pre-embedding immunogold-electron microscopy (EM) techniques, the tissue must be permeabilized to allow antibody penetration before it is embedded. These techniques are ideal for preserving structures but poor penetration of the antibody (often only the first few micrometers) is a considerable drawback2. The post-embedding labeling methods can avoid this problem because labeling takes place on sections of fixed tissues where antigens are more easily accessible. Over the years, a number of modifications have improved the post-embedding methods to enhance immunoreactivity and to preserve ultrastructure3-5.
Tissue fixation is a crucial part of EM studies. Fixatives chemically crosslink the macromolecules to lock the tissue structures in place. The choice of fixative affects not only structural preservation but also antigenicity and contrast. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4), formaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde have been the standard fixatives for decades, including for central nervous system (CNS) tissues that are especially prone to structural damage during chemical and physical processing. Unfortunately, OsO4 is highly reactive and has been shown to mask antigens6, resulting in poor and insufficient labeling. Alternative approaches to avoid chemical fixation include freezing the tissues. But these techniques are difficult to perform and require expensive instrumentation. To address some of these problems and to improve CNS tissue labeling, Phend et al. replaced OsO4 with uranyl acetate (UA) and tannic acid (TA), and successfully introduced additional modifications to improve the sensitivity of antigen detection and structural preservation in brain and spinal cord tissues7. We have adopted this osmium-free post-embedding method to rat brain tissue and optimized the immunogold labeling technique to detect and study synaptic proteins.
We present here a method to determine the ultrastructural localization of synaptic proteins in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We use organotypic hippocampal cultured slices. These slices maintain the trisynaptic circuitry of the hippocampus, and thus are especially useful for studying synaptic plasticity, a mechanism widely thought to underlie learning and memory. Organotypic hippocampal slices from postnatal day 5 and 6 mouse/rat pups can be prepared as described previously8, and are especially useful to acutely knockdown or overexpress exogenous proteins. We have previously used this protocol to characterize neurogranin (Ng), a neuron-specific protein with a critical role in regulating synaptic function8,9 . We have also used it to characterize the ultrastructural localization of calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)10. As illustrated in the results, this protocol allows good ultrastructural preservation of dendritic spines and efficient labeling of Ng to help characterize its distribution in the spine8. Furthermore, the procedure described here can have wide applicability in studying many other proteins involved in neuronal functions.

The localization and distribution of proteins provide important information for understanding their cellular functions. The superior spatial resolution of electron microscopy (EM) can be used to determine the subcellular localization of a given antigen following immunohistochemistry. For tissues of the central nervous system (CNS), preserving structural integrity while maintaining antigenicity has been especially difficult in EM studies. Here, we adopt a procedure that has been used to preserve structures and antigens in the CNS to study and characterize synaptic proteins in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Hippocampal 슬라이스 문화의 시냅틱 단백질의 포스트 퍼가기 Immunogold 라벨링

Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful tool to study biological molecules at the subcellular level. Antibodies coupled to electron-dense markers such as ...

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Synaptic tagging and capture (STC) and cross-tagging are two important mechanisms at cellular level that explain how synapse-specificity and associativity is achieved in neurons within a specific time frame. These long-term plasticity-related processes are the leading candidate models to study the basis of memory formation and persistence at the cellular level. Both STC and cross-tagging involve two serial processes: (1) setting of the synaptic tag as triggered by a specific pattern of stimulation, and (2) synaptic capture, whereby the synaptic tag interacts with newly synthesized plasticity-related proteins (PRPs). Much of the understanding about the concepts of STC and cross-tagging arises from the studies done in CA1 region of the hippocampus and because of the technical complexity many of the laboratories are still unable to study these processes. Experimental conditions for the preparation of hippocampal slices and the recording of stable late-LTP/LTD are extremely important to study synaptic tagging/cross-tagging. This video article describes the experimental procedures to study long-term plasticity processes such as STC and cross-tagging in the CA1 pyramidal neurons using stable, long-term field-potential recordings from acute hippocampal slices of rats.

This video article describes experimental procedures to study long-term plasticity and its associative processes such as synaptic tagging, capture and cross-tagging in the CA1 pyramidal neurons using acute hippocampal slices from rodents.

설치류에서 급성 해마 조각을 사용하여 시냅스 태그 / 캡처 및 크로스 캡처 조사

Synaptic tagging and capture (STC) and cross-tagging are two important mechanisms at cellular level that explain how synapse-specificity and associativity ...

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful analysis of synaptic transmission modulation when performing field potential or intracellular recordings. This manuscript describes methodological aspects that might be helpful in improving experimental conditions for the maintenance of acute brain slices and for recording field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in a commercially available submersion chamber with an outflow-carbogenation unit. The outflow-carbogenation helps to stabilize the oxygen level in experiments that rely on the recycling of a small buffer reservoir to enhance the cost-efficiency of drug experiments. In addition, the manuscript presents representative experiments that examine the effects of different carbogenation modes and stimulation paradigms on the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity of synaptic transmission.

This protocol describes the stabilization of the oxygen level in a small volume of recycled buffer and methodological aspects of recording activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in submerged acute hippocampal slices.

급성 Hippocampal 조각에 작은 볼륨 재활용-, 관류-침수 형 챔버 시스템 유지에 시 냅 스가 소성을 기록

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, the most effective treatment for severe depression. ECS induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures with low mortality and neuronal death and is a widely-used model to screen anti-epileptic drugs. Here, we describe an ECS induction method in which a brief 55-mA current is delivered for 0.5 s to male rats 200 - 250 g in weight via ear-clip electrodes. Such bilateral stimulation produced stage 4 - 5 clonic seizures that lasted about 10 s. After the cessation of acute or chronic ECS, most rats recovered to be behaviorally indistinguishable from sham &#34;no seizure&#34; rats. Because ECS globally elevates brain activity, it has also been used to examine activity-dependent alterations of synaptic proteins and their effects on synaptic strength using multiple methods. In particular, subcellular fractionation of the postsynaptic density (PSD) in combination with Western blotting allows for the quantitative determination of the abundance of synaptic proteins at this specialized synaptic structure. In contrast to a previous fractionation method that requires large amount of rodent brains, we describe here a small-scale fractionation method to isolate the PSD from the hippocampi of a single rat, without sucrose gradient centrifugation. Using this method, we show that the isolated PSD fraction contains postsynaptic membrane proteins, including PSD95, GluN2B, and GluA2. Presynaptic marker synaptophysin and soluble cytoplasmic protein &#945;-tubulin were excluded from the PSD fraction, demonstrating successful PSD isolation. Furthermore, chronic ECS decreased GluN2B expression in the PSD, indicating that our small-scale PSD fractionation method can be applied to detect the changes in hippocampal PSD proteins from a single rat after genetic, pharmacological, or mechanical treatments.

Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression. ECS globally stimulates activity in the hippocampus, leading to synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Here, we describe methods for ECS induction in rats and for subcellular fractionation of their hippocampi to examine seizure-induced changes in synaptic proteins.

쥐와 분류 된 그들의 Postsynaptic 밀도 단백질에 변화 발작 유발 검사 Electroconvulsive 발작

Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, the most effective treatment for severe depression. ECS ...

Biocytin Recovery and 3D Reconstructions of Filled Hippocampal CA2 Interneurons

How cortical network activity processes information is of importance to a large number of basic and clinical scientific questions. The protocol described here identifies the basic building blocks of this circuitry. The in-depth studies of cortical regions will ultimately provide other scientists with the circuit components needed for an understanding of how the brain acquires, processes and stores information and what goes wrong in disease, while the electrophysiological and morphological data are widely used by computational neuroscientists in the construction of model networks that explore information processing. The protocol outlined here describes how biocytin-filled cells recorded in the CA2 region of the hippocampus are recovered and then reconstructed in&#160;3D. Additionally, the protocol describes the demonstration of calcium binding protein or peptide content in recorded interneurons.

The protocol outlined here describes the immunofluorescence analysis, biocytin recovery and high-quality reconstructions of hippocampal CA2 interneurons following the intracellular electrophysiological recordings in vitro, allowing neuronal characterization and ultimately fine neuronal anatomy to be studied.

Biocytin 복구 및 채워진된 Hippocampal CA2 수의 3D 복원

How cortical network activity processes information is of importance to a large number of basic and clinical scientific questions. The protocol described ...

Horizontal Hippocampal Slices of the Mouse Brain

The hippocampus is a highly organized structure in the brain that is a part of the limbic system and is involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as the manifestation of severe brain disorders, including Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and epilepsy. The hippocampus receives a high degree of intra- and inter-connectivity, securing a proper communication with internal and external brain structures. This connectivity is accomplished via different informational flows in the form of fiber pathways. Brain slices are a frequently used methodology when exploring neurophysiological functions of the hippocampus. Hippocampal brain slices can be used for several different applications, including electrophysiological recordings, light microscopic measurements as well as several molecular biological and histochemical techniques. Therefore, brain slices represent an ideal model system to assess protein functions, to investigate pathophysiological processes involved in neurological disorders as well as for drug discovery purposes.
There exist several different ways of slice preparations. Brain slice preparations with a vibratome allow a better preservation of the tissue structure and guarantee a sufficient oxygen supply during slicing, which present advantages over the traditional use of a tissue chopper. Moreover, different cutting planes can be applied for vibratome brain slice preparations. Here, a detailed protocol for a successful preparation of vibratome-cut horizontal hippocampal slices of mouse brains is provided. In contrast to other slice preparations, horizontal slicing allows to keep the fibers of the hippocampal input path (perforant path) in a fully intact state within a slice, which facilitates the investigation of entorhinal-hippocampal interactions. Here, we provide a thorough protocol for the dissection, extraction, and acute horizontal slicing of the murine brain, and discuss challenges and potential pitfalls of this technique. Finally, we will show some examples for the use of brain slices in further applications.

This article aims to describe a systematic protocol to obtain horizontal hippocampal brain slices in mice. The objective of this methodology is to preserve the integrity of hippocampal fiber pathways, such as the perforant path and the mossy fiber tract to assess dentate gyrus related neurological processes.

마우스 뇌의 수평 해마 조각

The hippocampus is a highly organized structure in the brain that is a part of the limbic system and is involved in memory formation and consolidation as ...

Nuclear Transport Assays in Permeabilized Mouse Cortical Neurons

Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there is a growing recognition of cell-specific differences in nuclear pore complex structure, prompting a need to adapt nuclear transport methods for use in neurons. Permeabilized cell assays, in which the plasma membrane is selectively perforated by digitonin, are widely used to study passive and active nuclear transport in immortalized cell lines but have not been applied to neuronal cultures. In our initial attempts, we observed the rapid loss of nuclear membrane integrity in primary mouse cortical neurons exposed to even low concentrations of digitonin. We hypothesized that neuronal nuclear membranes may be uniquely vulnerable to the loss of cytoplasmic support. After testing multiple approaches to improve nuclear stability, we observed optimal nuclear integrity following hypotonic lysis in the presence of a concentrated bovine serum albumin cushion. Neuronal nuclei prepared by this approach reliably import recombinant fluorescent cargo in an energy-dependent manner, facilitating analysis of nuclear import by high content microscopy with automated analysis. We anticipate that this method will be broadly applicable to studies of passive and active nuclear transport in primary neurons.

We have developed a reliable method of selective plasma membrane permeabilization of primary mouse cortical neurons for high content automated analysis of neuronal nucleocytoplasmic transport.

Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there is a growing ...

Subcellular Fractionation for the Isolation of Synaptic Components from the Murine Brain

Synaptic terminals are the primary sites of neuronal communication. Synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. The characterization of synaptic sub-compartments by biochemical isolation is, therefore, a powerful method to elucidate the molecular bases of synaptic processes, both in health and disease. This protocol describes the isolation of synaptic terminals and synaptic sub-compartments from mouse brains by subcellular fractionation. First, sealed synaptic terminal structures, known as synaptosomes, are isolated following brain tissue homogenization. Synaptosomes are neuronal pre- and post-synaptic compartments with pinched-off and sealed membranes. These structures retain a metabolically active state and are valuable for studying synaptic structure and function. The synaptosomes are then subjected to hypotonic lysis and ultracentrifugation to obtain synaptic sub-compartments enriched for synaptic vesicles, synaptic cytosol, and synaptic plasma membrane. Fraction purity is confirmed by electron microscopy and biochemical enrichment analysis for proteins specific to sub-synaptic compartments. The presented method is a straightforward and valuable tool for studying the structural and functional characteristics of the synapse and the molecular etiology of various brain disorders.

This protocol presents a robust, detailed method to obtain highly pure synaptosomes, synaptic vesicles, and other synaptic fractions from the mouse brain. This method enables the evaluation of synaptic processes, including the biochemical analysis of protein localization and function with compartmental resolution.

쥐의 뇌로부터 시냅스 성분의 분리를 위한 세포하 분획

Synaptic terminals are the primary sites of neuronal communication. Synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric and neurological ...

A Technique to Isolate Nuclei from Non-neuronal Cells in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus

Homogenize the tissue with 10 strokes of the loose A pestle, followed by 15 strokes of the tight B pestle. Transfer the homogenate into a pre-chilled 15-milliliter tube. Rinse the Dounce homogenizer with 1 milliliter of cold HB, and combine it with the same tube.
Add 3 milliliters of HB to the 15-milliliter tube, and incubate for 5 minutes on ice. Mix this nuclei suspension twice by inverting the tube gently. Using 0.5 milliliters of HB, pre-wet the 70-micrometer strainer cap placed over a 50-milliliter test tube. Then, strain the nuclei suspension before washing the cell strainer with 0.5 milliliters of HB.
Next, remove the cell strainer, and centrifuge the test tube in a swing bucket centrifuge at 500 g for 5 minutes at 4 degrees Celsius. Discard the supernatant. Gently resuspend the pellet in 4 milliliters of HB using a P1000 pipette.
After five minutes of incubation on ice, centrifuge the suspension at 500 g for 10 minutes at 4 degrees Celsius. Discard the supernatant, and resuspend the pellet in 3 milliliters of wash media. Use 0.5 milliliters of wash media to pre-wet a 35-micrometer strainer cap over a 50-milliliter test tube. Then, strain the nuclei suspension by pipetting 0.5 milliliters of suspension at a time using P1000 pipette.
After washing the strainer cap with 0.5 milliliters of wash media, place the tube on ice. Transfer the filtrate to a new 15-milliliter tube, and centrifuge it for 5 minutes and 4 degrees Celsius at 500 g. Discard the supernatant, and resuspend the pellet in 3 milliliters of wash media.
Repeat the centrifugation, and resuspend the pellet in 1 milliliter of wash media with the mouse anti-Neu and AlexaFlour488-conjugated antibody and 1 microgram per milliliter DAPI. Incubate the reaction for 45 minutes on ice in the dark.
For Fluorescence Activated Nuclei Sorting or FANS, transfer the immunostained nuclei suspension to a 5-milliliter test tube, and place it on ice until the start of the flow cytometry procedure.
Vortex the samples for three seconds with mild intensity before placing the tubes into the FACS instrument.
To acquire the data from stain nuclei suspension, set the gates in DAPI height and the DAPI area to exclude the cell debris and the aggregated nuclei. Then, set the gates in the log side-scatter or SSC area and the log forward-scatter or FSC area to separate the single nuclei from the remaining DAPI-stained aggregate or cell debris.
Then, isolate the NeuNAF488-negative population by setting the gates for the anti-NeuNAF488 and FSC area.
After the analysis, sort the anti-NeuNAF488-negative population in a 1.5-milliliter collection tube filled with 50 microliters of wash media using the gating strategy.