Name: retroductal nanoparticle injection to the murine submandibular gland
Uploaded: 2018-05-03T14:15:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 45 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland at JoVE.com

この出版物で報告された研究は、国立歯科研究所と顔面研究 (NIDCR) ・賞数 R56 DE025098、UG3 DE027695、F30 CA206296 の下で健康の国民の協会の国立癌研究所 (NCI) によって支えられました。内容は著者の責任と国立衛生研究所の公式見解を必ずしも表さない。この作品も、NSF DMR 1206219 と口腔ケア賞 (2016), 技術革新によって支えられました。
IVIS 実験を行うことで彼女の援助のジェーン ・ Gavrity に感謝したいと思います。我々 は彼女の入力と EM を実行する支援のためカレン ベントレーを感謝したいです。IHC と彼の援助の Pei Lun 翁に感謝したいと思います。我々 は図の準備の彼の援助のマシュー ・ インガルスを感謝したいです。この原稿の批判的読解の博士 Elaine Smolock とエミリー呉に感謝したいと思います。

すべては、生体内での下記手続は、ロチェスターの大学、ロチェスター、ニューヨーク動物資源の大学委員会によって承認されました。
1. 準備
<ol><li>ワイヤー インセット 32 G 頭蓋内カテーテル チューブを使用して、斜めの端、長い軸に約 45 ° を形成するチューブの 3 cm をカットします。ワイヤーは少なくとも 1 cm チューブよりも長いことを確認します。</li>
	<li>ハミルトンの注射器に 50 μ L PSMA ナノ粒子溶液 (図 1) のまたは他の注入材料を読み込みます。Barotrauma の確率を減らすため射出時に、カテーテル チューブを付削除、注射器にスタイレットとデッド ボリュームを追放します。</li>
	<li>ナノ粒子が完全に投与閉塞を防ぐために溶媒和ように注射液を検査します。</li>
	<li>アトロピン 0.1 mg/mL のソリューションを準備します。 注: アトロピン光に敏感、時間の経過とともに低下するため、このソリューション必要があります予防接種、させられる投与までの光から保護します。</li>
</ol>2. アクセスして管のエントリ ポイントを可視化
<ol><li>分析用天秤を用いた C57/BL6 マウスの重量を量る。</li>
	<li>29 x ½"針で 0.5 mL シリンジを使用して、100 mg/kg 10 mg/kg とケタミン ・ キシラジンの腹腔内注入滅菌生理食塩液をマウスを麻酔します。マウスはもはや刺激に反応、一般的に、投与 5 〜 10 分以内に発生するときは、次の手順に進みます。 注: この手順はイソフルランの下で行なうことも可能ですが、口腔内へのアクセスを許可するカスタム ノーズコーンが必要になります。</li>
	<li>プロシージャの間に乾燥を防ぐため、目に潤滑剤を適用し、カスタム ステージ上腹臥位でマウスを配置します。 注: 口腔内のプロシージャの適切な条件を維持するためにツールする必要がありますされる消毒または滅菌を使う前に。</li>
	<li>金属線に上顎前歯を保護することによって口腔内を開き、弾性バンドを使用して (図 2 a) の下顎前歯部の後ろ下方の緊張を適用します。</li>
	<li>顎の基部が視覚化されるように解剖顕微鏡の下にマウスを合わせます。</li>
	<li>口を広げるには、両側頬粘膜に張力を適用するのにカスタム、湾曲した鋼リトラクターを使用します。</li>
	<li>顎下腺の乳頭を視覚化するには、把握し、鈍い鉗子を使用して口の床から舌をそっと持ち上げます。 注: 乳頭舌 (図 2 b) の下にある 2 つの薄い突起として表示されます。</li>
	<li>口腔内で可視化しをさらに操作を容易にするためには、舌と頬の粘膜の間の綿を配置します。</li>
</ol>3. 管挿管および線の配置
<ol><li>カーブタイプ鉗子、罰金を使用して、ワイヤーの挿入カテーテル チューブを把握します。穿刺時に最適な手動制御、鉗子 (図 3 a) の曲率を持つチューブを合わせます。</li>
	<li>解剖顕微鏡を使用して、ビューのフィールドに鉗子とワイヤーを移動します。 注: ワイヤーはチューブから突出する必要があります。</li>
	<li>小さく、表面、粘膜パンク (0.076 mm 径) カテーテル チューブ (直径 0.25 mm) の後のエントリを容易にするを生成する嵌め込む式ワイヤーを使用して 1 つの顎下腺乳頭のベースに軽く押さえます。抵抗が発生した場合は、鋭い解剖はさみでチューブとワイヤ埋め込みの両方で新鮮な斜めのヒントをカットします。</li>
	<li>次のエントリ、スタイレットを撤回し、解剖顕微鏡を使用して、穿刺部位にある唾液の存在を確認します。スタイレットの出血を引き起こす可能性がありますまたは管の整合性が損なわれることの説得力がある、または突然の動き (撤退または挿入) を避けてください。</li>
	<li>チューブ (図 3 b) にスタイレットを撤回します。</li>
	<li>チュービングは、ウォートンのダクトの開口部に適合するには、以前作った穿刺 (図 2 C) に剛体ガイドとして、スタイレットを含むチューブを挿入します。 注: すぐに実行されない場合、ローカルの腫れが再挿入をできない場合があります。</li>
	<li>長期にわたる閉塞からの背圧を防ぐためには、チューブを撤回します。顎下腺の乳頭の開口部、顕微鏡では、表示を見ることができることを確認するを確認します。目に見える出血が発生した場合、スタイレットを削除し、ステップ 3.2 反対の顎下腺乳頭からやり直します。</li>
	<li>マウスを動かさずに 1 mg/kg のアトロピン ソリューション、プロシージャの間に唾液の分泌を減らすための腹腔内注入を管理します。5-10 分を待ちます。</li>
	<li>注射器のチューブの端をつかみ、オリフィスの内径 (図 3) を使用して挿入します。抵抗が発生した場合は、チューブと再試行に新鮮な角度付き端部をカットします。</li>
	<li>管は顎下腺乳頭内の箇所で、一度ゆっくりとダクトに 3-5 mm を進めます。鉗子からチューブを離します。</li>
	<li>チューブと顎下腺の乳頭間のシールを高めるためには、軽く 1 分のガーゼでしみが付くことによってインターフェイスを乾燥します。</li>
	<li>チューブの位置が乾燥中にシフトしているいないことを確認するを確認します。</li>
</ol>4. 注入
<ol><li>10 μ L/分マウス鎮静のまま苦痛 (図 2 D) の兆候が表示されないことを確認する検査の速度で材料を注入します。 注: 15 50 μ L の注射が忍容性良好。大量の注入は、barotrauma で起因できます。</li>
	<li>次の注射、ウォートンのダクトと SMG (図 4) 内にある材料の保持を改善するために 5 分のための注射器圧力を維持します。その管が管のオリフィスを終了しないように定期的に顎下腺の乳頭を検査します。</li>
	<li>微細鉗子を使用して、つかみ、軽く顎下腺の乳頭からチューブを撤回します。 メモ: 乳頭からいくつかの流体の出口を観察するは正常です。</li>
	<li>リトラクターと綿を口腔内からステージからマウスを移動する前に削除します。 注: 動物残さないように無人までそれは胸骨の横臥を維持するために十分な意識を取り戻しました。さらに、完全に回復するまで他のマウスとマウスが収納されていませんことを確認します。</li>
</ol>5. 検証・解析
注: (として示されている 1 h、図 5に注射後 24 h) 注入蛍光ナノ粒子の保持を評価するため生体内イメージング システム (IVIS) を使用できます。
<ol><li>皮膚を通して SMG 内蛍光信号を見やすく、剃毛か化学脱毛を使用して SMGs を覆う腹の毛皮を削除します。 注: 次の安楽死、SMG 組織も収穫することができます、修正 (4% パラホルムアルデヒド) で一晩、および注入 (図 6) 1 日の蛍光に分類された NP の永続性を確認するため免疫組織化学を用いたステンド グラスします。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Miranda-Rius, J., Brunet-Llobet, L., Lahor-Soler, E., Farre, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Salivary+Secretory+Disorders,+Inducing+Drugs,+and+Clinical+Management.">Salivary Secretory Disorders, Inducing Drugs, and Clinical Management.</a> International Journal Of Medical Sciences. 12 (10), 811-824 (2015).</li><li>Acauan, M. D., Figueiredo, M. A. Z., Cherubini, K., Gomes, A. P. N., Salum, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiotherapy-induced+salivary+dysfunction:+Structural+changes,+pathogenetic+mechanisms+and+therapies.">Radiotherapy-induced salivary dysfunction: Structural changes, pathogenetic mechanisms and therapies.</a> Archives of Oral Biology. 60 (12), 1802-1810 (2015).</li><li>Dirix, P., Nuyts, S., Vander Poorten, V., Delaere, P., Van den Bogaert, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+xerostomia+after+radiotherapy+on+quality+of+life.">The influence of xerostomia after radiotherapy on quality of life.</a> Supportive Care in Cancer. 16 (2), 171-179 (2008).</li><li>Vissink, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+management+of+salivary+gland+hypofunction+and+xerostomia+in+head-and-neck+cancer+patients:+successes+and+barriers.">Clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia in head-and-neck cancer patients: successes and barriers.</a> International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 78 (4), 983-991 (2010).</li><li>Delporte, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+fluid+secretion+after+adenoviral-mediated+transfer+of+the+aquaporin-1+cDNA+to+irradiated+rat+salivary+glands.">Increased fluid secretion after adenoviral-mediated transfer of the aquaporin-1 cDNA to irradiated rat salivary glands.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (7), 3268-3273 (1997).</li><li>Samuni, Y., Baum, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+delivery+in+salivary+glands:+from+the+bench+to+the+clinic.">Gene delivery in salivary glands: from the bench to the clinic.</a> Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1812 (11), 1515-1521 (2011).</li><li>Beahm, D. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+approaches+to+the+submandibular+gland:+A+review+of+literature.">Surgical approaches to the submandibular gland: A review of literature.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 7 (6), 503-509 (2009).</li><li>Zheng, C., Shinomiya, T., Goldsmith, C. M., Di Pasquale, G., Baum, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Convenient+and+reproducible+in+vivo+gene+transfer+to+mouse+parotid+glands.">Convenient and reproducible in vivo gene transfer to mouse parotid glands.</a> Oral diseases. 17 (1), 77-82 (2011).</li><li>Zheng, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+Radiation-Induced+Salivary+Hypofunction+Following+hKGF+Gene+Delivery+to+Murine+Submandibular+Glands.">Prevention of Radiation-Induced Salivary Hypofunction Following hKGF Gene Delivery to Murine Submandibular Glands.</a> Clinical Cancer Research. 17 (9), 2842-2851 (2011).</li><li>Okazaki, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acceleration+of+rat+salivary+gland+tissue+repair+by+basic+fibroblast+growth+factor.">Acceleration of rat salivary gland tissue repair by basic fibroblast growth factor.</a> Archives of Oral Biology. 45 (10), 911-919 (2000).</li><li>Arany, S., Benoit, D. S., Dewhurst, S., Ovitt, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle-mediated+gene+silencing+confers+radioprotection+to+salivary+glands+in+vivo.">Nanoparticle-mediated gene silencing confers radioprotection to salivary glands in vivo.</a> Molecular Therapy. 21 (6), 1182-1194 (2013).</li><li>Cotrim, A. P., Sowers, A., Mitchell, J. B., Baum, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+irradiation-induced+salivary+hypofunction+by+microvessel+protection+in+mouse+salivary+glands.">Prevention of irradiation-induced salivary hypofunction by microvessel protection in mouse salivary glands.</a> Molecular Therapy. 15 (12), 2101-2106 (2007).</li><li>Redman, R. S., Ball, W. D., Mezey, E., Key, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dispersed+donor+salivary+gland+cells+are+widely+distributed+in+the+recipient+gland+when+infused+up+the+ductal+tree.">Dispersed donor salivary gland cells are widely distributed in the recipient gland when infused up the ductal tree.</a> Biotechnic &amp; Histochemistry. 84 (6), 253-260 (2009).</li><li>Grundmann, O., Fillinger, J. L., Victory, K. R., Burd, R., Limesand, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restoration+of+radiation+therapy-induced+salivary+gland+dysfunction+in+mice+by+post+therapy+IGF-1+administration.">Restoration of radiation therapy-induced salivary gland dysfunction in mice by post therapy IGF-1 administration.</a> BMC Cancer. 10, 417-417 (2010).</li><li>Limesand, K. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin-Like+Growth+Factor-1+Preserves+Salivary+Gland+Function+After+Fractionated+Radiation.">Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Preserves Salivary Gland Function After Fractionated Radiation.</a> International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 78 (2), 579-586 (2010).</li><li>Marmary, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiation-induced+loss+of+salivary+gland+function+is+driven+by+cellular+senescence+and+prevented+by+IL-6+modulation.">Radiation-induced loss of salivary gland function is driven by cellular senescence and prevented by IL-6 modulation.</a> Cancer Research. , (2016).</li><li>Baum, B. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+responses+to+adenoviral-mediated+transfer+of+the+aquaporin-1+cDNA+for+radiation-induced+salivary+hypofunction.">Early responses to adenoviral-mediated transfer of the aquaporin-1 cDNA for radiation-induced salivary hypofunction.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (47), 19403-19407 (2012).</li><li>Arany, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pro-apoptotic+gene+knockdown+mediated+by+nanocomplexed+siRNA+reduces+radiation+damage+in+primary+salivary+gland+cultures.">Pro-apoptotic gene knockdown mediated by nanocomplexed siRNA reduces radiation damage in primary salivary gland cultures.</a> Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 113 (6), 1955-1965 (2012).</li><li>Benoit, D. S. W., Henry, S. M., Shubin, A. D., Hoffman, A. S., Stayton, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=pH-responsive+polymeric+siRNA+carriers+sensitize+multidrug+resistant+ovarian+cancer+cells+to+doxorubicin+via+knockdown+of+polo-like+kinase+1.">pH-responsive polymeric siRNA carriers sensitize multidrug resistant ovarian cancer cells to doxorubicin via knockdown of polo-like kinase 1.</a> Molecular pharmaceutics. 7 (2), 442-455 (2010).</li><li>Malcolm, D. W., Varghese, J. J., Sorrells, J. E., Ovitt, C. E., Benoit, D. S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Effects+of+Biological+Fluids+on+Colloidal+Stability+and+siRNA+Delivery+of+a+pH-Responsive+Micellar+Nanoparticle+Delivery+System.">The Effects of Biological Fluids on Colloidal Stability and siRNA Delivery of a pH-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticle Delivery System.</a> ACS Nano. , (2017).</li><li>Baranello, M. P., Bauer, L., Benoit, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Poly(styrene-alt-maleic+anhydride)-based+diblock+copolymer+micelles+exhibit+versatile+hydrophobic+drug+loading,+drug-dependent+release,+and+internalization+by+multidrug+resistant+ovarian+cancer+cells.">Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-based diblock copolymer micelles exhibit versatile hydrophobic drug loading, drug-dependent release, and internalization by multidrug resistant ovarian cancer cells.</a> Biomacromolecules. 15 (7), 2629-2641 (2014).</li><li>Wang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fracture-Targeted+Delivery+of+&#946;-Catenin+Agonists+via+Peptide-Functionalized+Nanoparticles+Augments+Fracture+Healing.">Fracture-Targeted Delivery of &#946;-Catenin Agonists via Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Augments Fracture Healing.</a> ACS Nano. 11 (9), 9445-9458 (2017).</li><li>Baranello, M. P., Bauer, L., Jordan, C. T., Benoit, D. S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micelle+Delivery+of+Parthenolide+to+Acute+Myeloid+Leukemia+Cells.">Micelle Delivery of Parthenolide to Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.</a> Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. 8 (3), 455-470 (2015).</li><li>Kuriki, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cannulation+of+the+Mouse+Submandibular+Salivary+Gland+via+the+Wharton's+Duct.">Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (51), e3074 (2011).</li><li>Nair, R. P., Zheng, C., Sunavala-Dossabhoy, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroductal+Submandibular+Gland+Instillation+and+Localized+Fractionated+Irradiation+in+a+Rat+Model+of+Salivary+Hypofunction.">Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (110), (2016).</li><li>Wang, Y., Malcolm, D. W., Benoit, D. S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+and+sustained+delivery+of+siRNA/NPs+from+hydrogels+expedites+bone+fracture+healing.">Controlled and sustained delivery of siRNA/NPs from hydrogels expedites bone fracture healing.</a> Biomaterials. 139 (Supplement C), 127-138 (2017).</li><li>Hoffman, M. D., Van Hove, A. H., Benoit, D. S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degradable+hydrogels+for+spatiotemporal+control+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+localized+at+decellularized+bone+allografts.">Degradable hydrogels for spatiotemporal control of mesenchymal stem cells localized at decellularized bone allografts.</a> Acta Biomaterialia. 10 (8), 3431-3441 (2014).</li><li>Nguyen, C. Q., Yin, H., Lee, B. H., Chiorini, J. A., Peck, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL17:+potential+therapeutic+target+in+Sjogren's+syndrome+using+adenovirus-mediated+gene+transfer.">IL17: potential therapeutic target in Sjogren's syndrome using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.</a> Laboratory Investigation. 91 (1), 54-62 (2011).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

Retroductal 注入は、唾液腺にローカライズされた薬物送達のため重要です。このテクニックには、シェーグレン症候群と・ リフの9,10,28を含む条件のための治療薬のスクリーニングでアプリケーションがあります。Retroductal 注入を介して SMG に直接薬剤投与は、免疫活性化11を含むオフターゲット効果を減ら...

唾液腺機能不全、シェーグレン症候群、機能的な分泌組織と照射誘起唾液その他)、頭頸部癌放射線治療1の一般的な sequella の自己免疫を介した損失を含む多くの病因。いずれかの条件のための唾液の機能の損失口腔と全身感染、虫歯、消化、嚥下機能障害、音声障害、大鬱病1,2,3個人の素因となります。その結果、生活の質が大幅低下、介入治療4ではなく、症状の緩和に限定とします。生体内での新規治療法を調査、生物活性化合物の唾液腺に直接管理に興味のです。
Retroductal 注入は、唾液腺に直接生理活性化合物を提供し、病気、傷害、または正常組織の恒常性の下での有効性をテストする貴重な方法です。3 つの大唾液腺は耳下腺 (PG)、顎下腺 (SMG)、舌下腺 (SLG) 導管を通じて口腔内には、空のすべて。痙攣の解剖学 SMG 舌5の下に口の階にウォートンのダクトのカニュレーションを介して直接アクセスを許可します。次の穿刺、溶媒和の薬は、SMG に直接管理できます。次の retroductal 配信外腺の拡散は周囲の構造6の材料の交換を調整する周囲組織のカプセルによって制限されます。SMG とそのダクト同様に、人間の構造は、SMG 手術と sialoendoscopy7の中に日常的にアクセスされます。人間、マウス、PG は頬粘膜8Stensen のダクトを介してアクセス可能な同様に。
・ リフのマウスモデルで SMG retroductal 注入は、成長因子、一次電池、アデノ、サイトカイン、および損傷への細胞応答を調整すると、結果を減らす抗酸化化合物を含む治療を提供に使用されています組織損傷5,9,10、11,12,13,14,15,16。Retroductal 注射の最も注目すべき臨床成功は直接水チャネル (アクアポリン 1 の発現するアデノウイルスベクターの管理AQP1) 患者の頭頸部の癌のための17の放射線に続きます。
以前は、我々 を開発し、・ リフ11,18,19,20から唾液腺の機能を保護するために retroductally を注入した高分子ナノ粒子 siRNA システムの有効性を示します。私たちの過去の作品の拡張として、示す retroductal SMG 注射、蛍光ナノ粒子を用いた (NP) の読み込みと難溶性の提供以外のことができる当社のプロトコル薬21,22,23。
ポリ (スチレン alt マレイン酸 anhydride)-b-poly(styrene) (PSMA) 可逆加算鎖断片化 (いかだ) 重合、21を前述のようから成るジブロック共重合体から NP を合成しました。溶媒交換を通じてこれらのポリマー自発的に自己組み立てる疎水性インテリアと親水性外装21NP ミセル構造に。NPs は、動物を犠牲にせず腺に NP 配信の検証を許可するテキサス赤蛍光体が付いています。動物の画像をライブ、1 h で次の注入 1 日 SMG 免疫組織化学を示します。
これが更新され、再現可能なカニュレーション プロトコル必要があります retroductal 注入を達成するために他人を有効にします。この洗練されたテクニックが重要な生体内での研究、治療開発24,25になることを見込んでいます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Pilocarpine hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P6503</td><td>Pilocarpine</td></tr><tr><td>Student Vannas Spring Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>91500-9</td><td>Spring Scissors for Tracheostomy</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Saline Solution</td><td>Medline</td><td>RDI30296H</td><td>Saline</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #7 Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11274-20</td><td>Curved Forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11251-10</td><td>Straight Forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Standard Pattern Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11000-12</td><td>Blunt Forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Fine Scissors- Tungsten Carbide</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14568-09</td><td>Dissection Scissors</td></tr><tr><td>Microhematocrit Heparinized Capillary Tubes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>22362566</td><td>Capillary tubes</td></tr><tr><td>Lubricant Eye Ointment</td><td>Refresh</td><td>N/A</td><td>Refresh Lacri-Lube</td></tr><tr><td>Goat polyclonal anti-Nkcc1</td><td>Santa Cruz Biotech</td><td>SC-21545</td><td>Nkcc1 Antibody</td></tr><tr><td>DAPI (4&#039;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride)</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>D1306</td><td>DAPI</td></tr><tr><td>GraphPad Prism</td><td>GraphPad</td><td>ver6.0</td><td>Statistical Software</td></tr><tr><td>Cotton tipped applicator</td><td>Medline</td><td>MDS202000</td><td>Applicator for eye ointment</td></tr><tr><td>0.5cc Insulin Syringe, 29G x 1/2&quot;</td><td>BD</td><td>7629</td><td>Syringe for intraperitoneal injection</td></tr></tbody></table>

retroductal nanoparticle injection to the murine submandibular gland

唾液腺治療の 2 つの共通の目標は、予防と次のいずれかの組織の機能不全の治療自己免疫または放射線障害。ローカル唾液腺に生物活性化合物を提供すること、によって、全身投与と組織濃度を安全に実現できます。さらに、標的組織を材料の外腺に蓄積することによる効果は大幅に削減することができます。この点で、retroductal 注入、唾液腺の生物学・病態生理学を調査するため広く使用されている方法です。成長因子、一次電池、アデノ ウイルスのベクトル、小分子薬の Retroductal 管理は、傷害の設定で腺機能をサポートする示されています。私たちは以前照射腺の機能を維持するために注入した retroductally ナノ粒子 siRNA 戦略の有効性を示しています。ウォートンのダクトをマウスの顎下腺にナノ材料を管理するための非常に効果的かつ再現性のある方法の詳細ここでは、(図 1)。口腔内にアクセスしてプロシージャ全体で品質チェックとしてより詳細な観察と cannulate のウォートンのダクトに必要な手順の概要を説明します。

Retroductal 注射は、マウス SMG (図 1) に、NPs を管理に使用できます。ここでは、50 μ g PSMA NPs テキサス赤蛍光ラベルの付いたお届け。
マウスの適切な配置により、安易なアクセスなど (図 2 aB) 口の中の床の可視化。顎下腺の乳頭は舌の下に 2 つの肉質の突起として識?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland at JoVE.com

Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland

顎下腺への薬剤の局所投与は、唾液腺の生物学を理解に、新規治療法の開発に興味のです。配信精度と実験の再現性を向上させるため、更新と詳細な retroductal 注入プロトコルを提案します。ここに提示されたアプリケーションは、高分子ナノ粒子の配信です。

マウス顎下腺への Retroductal ナノ粒子注入

Two common goals of salivary gland therapeutics are prevention and cure of tissue dysfunction following either autoimmune or radiation injury. By locally ...

retroductal-nanoparticle-injection-to-the-murine-submandibular-gland

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

9.9K ビュー.  University of Rochester. 顎下腺への薬剤の局所投与は、唾液腺の生物学を理解に、新規治療法の開発に興味のです。配信精度と実験の再現性を向上させるため、更新と詳細な retroductal 注入プロトコルを提案します。ここに提示されたアプリケーションは、高分子ナノ粒子の配信です。

ビデオ: Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland

Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct

Severe salivary gland hypofunction is frequently found in patients with Sj&ouml;gren's syndrome and those who receiving therapeutic 
irradiation in their head and neck regions for cancer treatment. Both groups of patients experience symptoms such as xerostomia (dry mouth), dysphagia 
(impaired chewing and swallowing), severe dental caries, altered taste, oro-pharyngeal infections (candidiasis), mucositis, pain and discomfort.
One innovative approach of regenerative medicine for the treatment of salivary gland hypo-function is speculated in RS Redman, E Mezey 
et al. 2009: stem cells can be directly deposited by cannulation into the gland as a potent method in reviving the functions of the impaired organ. Presumably, 
the migrated foreign stem cells will differentiate into glandular cells to function as part of the host salivary gland. Also, this cannulation technique is an 
expedient and effective delivery method for clinical gene transfer application.
Here we illustrate the steps involved in performing the cannulation procedure on the mouse submandibular salivary gland via the Wharton's duct 
(Fig 1). C3H mice (Charles River, Montreal, QC, Canada) are used for this experiment, which have been kept under clean conventional conditions at 
the McGill University animal resource center. All experiments have been approved by the University Animal Care Committee and were in accordance with the 
guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care.
For this experiment, a trypan blue solution is infused into the gland through the opening of the Wharton's duct using a 
insulin syringe with a 29-gauge needle encased inside a polyethylene tube. Subsequently, the mouse is dissected to show that the infusions migrated 
into the gland successfully.

A protocol for the cannulation of the mouse submandibular salivary gland via the Wharton's duct is described. For this experiment, the trypan blue solution is used as a dyer to demonstrate how this technique effectively delivers infusions into the targeted gland, and to suggest the reliability of this new approach as a potential clinical drug/cell therapy for the regeneration of salivary glands.

ワルトン管を経由してマウス顎下唾液腺のカニュレーション

Severe salivary gland hypofunction is frequently found in patients with Sj&ouml;gren's syndrome and those who receiving therapeutic 
irradiation in their ...

医学

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Generation of adaptive immune response relies on efficient drainage or trafficking of antigen to lymph nodes for processing and presentation of these foreign molecules to T and B lymphocytes. Lymph nodes have thus become critical targets for new vaccines and immunotherapies. A recent strategy for targeting these tissues is direct lymph node injection of soluble vaccine components, and clinical trials involving this technique have been promising. Several biomaterial strategies have also been investigated to improve lymph node targeting, for example, tuning particle size for optimal drainage of biomaterial vaccine particles. In this paper we present a new method that combines direct lymph node injection with biodegradable polymer particles that can be laden with antigen, adjuvant, or other vaccine components. In this method polymeric microparticles or nanoparticles are synthesized by a modified double emulsion protocol incorporating lipid stabilizers. Particle properties (e.g.&#160;size, cargo loading) are confirmed by laser diffraction and fluorescent microscopy, respectively. Mouse lymph nodes are then identified by peripheral injection of a nontoxic tracer dye that allows visualization of the target injection site and subsequent deposition of polymer particles in lymph nodes. This technique allows direct control over the doses and combinations of biomaterials and vaccine components delivered to lymph nodes and could be harnessed in the development of new biomaterial-based vaccines.

Lymph nodes are the immunological tissues that orchestrate immune response and are a critical target for vaccines. Biomaterials have been employed to better target lymph nodes and to control delivery of antigens or adjuvants. This paper describes a technique combining these ideas to inject biocompatible polymer particles into lymph nodes.

生分解性高分子粒子のリンパ節内注入

Generation of adaptive immune response relies on efficient drainage or trafficking of antigen to lymph nodes for processing and presentation of these ...

生物工学

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Normal tissues that lie within the portals of radiation are inadvertently damaged. Salivary glands are often injured during head and neck radiotherapy. Irreparable cell damage results in a chronic loss of salivary function that impairs basic oral activities, and increases the risk of oral infections and dental caries. Salivary hypofunction and its complications gravely impact a patient's comfort. Current symptomatic management of the condition is ineffective, and newer therapies to assuage the condition are needed. 
Salivary glands are exocrine glands, which expel their secretions into the mouth via excretory ducts. Cannulation of these ducts provides direct access to the glands. Retroductal delivery of a contrast agent to major salivary glands is a routine out-patient procedure for diagnostic imaging. Using a similar procedure, localized treatment of the glands is feasible. However, performing this technique in preclinical studies with small animals poses unique challenges. In this study we describe the technique of retroductal administration in rat submandibular glands, a procedure that was refined in Dr. Bruce Baum's laboratory (NIH)1, and lay out a procedure for local gland irradiation.

Salivary gland hypofunction, a major adverse effect of head and neck radiotherapy diminishes a patient's quality of life. The demonstration of efficacy of new therapies in animal models is a prerequisite before clinical transition. This protocol describes retroductal administration and local irradiation of rat submandibular glands.

唾液機能低下のラットモデルにおけるRetroductal顎下腺点滴とローカライズされた分割照射

Normal tissues that lie within the portals of radiation are inadvertently damaged. Salivary glands are often injured during head and neck radiotherapy. ...

Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy

The submandibular salivary gland (SMG) is one of the three major salivary glands, and is of interest for many different fields of biological research, including cell biology, oncology, dentistry, and immunology. The SMG is an exocrine gland comprised of secretory epithelial cells, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, nerves, and extracellular matrix. Dynamic cellular processes in the rat and mouse SMG have previously been imaged, mostly using inverted multi-photon microscope systems. Here, we describe a straightforward protocol for the surgical preparation and stabilization of the murine SMG in anesthetized mice for in vivo imaging with upright multi-photon microscope systems. We present representative intravital image sets of endogenous and adoptively transferred fluorescent cells, including the labeling of blood vessels or salivary ducts and second harmonic generation to visualize fibrillar collagen. In sum, our protocol allows for surgical preparation of mouse salivary glands in upright microscopy systems, which are commonly used for intravital imaging in the field of immunology.

We describe a protocol to surgically expose and stabilize the murine submandibular salivary gland for intravital imaging using upright intravital microscopy. This protocol is easily adaptable to other exocrine glands of the head and neck region of mice and other small rodents.

マウス顎下腺唾液腺の直立した生体顕微鏡検査のための準備

The submandibular salivary gland (SMG) is one of the three major salivary glands, and is of interest for many different fields of biological research, ...

免疫・感染学

Intravital Microscopy for Imaging Subcellular Structures in Live Mice Expressing Fluorescent Proteins

Here we describe a procedure to image subcellular structures in live rodents that is based on the use of confocal intravital microscopy. As a model organ, we use the salivary glands of live mice since they provide several advantages. First, they can be easily exposed to enable access to the optics, and stabilized to facilitate the reduction of the motion artifacts due to heartbeat and respiration. This significantly facilitates imaging and tracking small subcellular structures. Second, most of the cell populations of the salivary glands are accessible from the surface of the organ. This permits the use of confocal microscopy that has a higher spatial resolution than other techniques that have been used for in vivo imaging, such as two-photon microscopy. Finally, salivary glands can be easily manipulated pharmacologically and genetically, thus providing a robust system to investigate biological processes at a molecular level.
In this study we focus on a protocol designed to follow the kinetics of the exocytosis of secretory granules in acinar cells and the dynamics of the apical plasma membrane where the secretory granules fuse upon stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors. Specifically, we used a transgenic mouse that co-expresses cytosolic GFP and a membrane-targeted peptide fused with the fluorescent protein tandem-Tomato. However, the procedures that we used to stabilize and image the salivary glands can be extended to other mouse models and coupled to other approaches to label in vivo cellular components, enabling the visualization of various subcellular structures, such as endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the actin cytoskeleton.

Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool that enables imaging various biological processes in live animals. In this article, we present a detailed method for imaging the dynamics of subcellular structures, such as the secretory granules, in the salivary glands of live mice.

蛍光タンパク質を発現する生きたマウスでのイメージング細胞内の構造物の生体顕微鏡

Here we describe a procedure to image subcellular structures in live rodents that is based on the use of confocal intravital microscopy. As a model organ, ...

生物学

Intraductal Injection for Localized Drug Delivery to the Mouse Mammary Gland

Herein we describe a protocol to deliver various reagents to the mouse mammary gland via intraductal injections. Localized drug delivery and knock-down of genes within the mammary epithelium has been difficult to achieve due to the lack of appropriate targeting molecules that are independent of developmental stages such as pregnancy and lactation. Herein, we describe a technique for localized delivery of reagents to the mammary gland at any stage in adulthood via intraductal injection into the nipples of mice. The injections can be performed on live mice, under anesthesia, and allow for a non-invasive and localized drug delivery to the mammary gland. Furthermore, the injections can be repeated over several months without damaging the nipple. Vital dyes such as Evans Blue are very helpful to learn the technique. Upon intraductal injection of the blue dye, the entire ductal tree becomes visible to the eye. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled reagents also allow for visualization and distribution within the mammary gland. This technique is adaptable for a variety of compounds including siRNA, chemotherapeutic agents, and small molecules.

A protocol for the non-invasive intraductal delivery of aqueous reagents to the mouse mammary gland is described. The method takes advantage of localized injection into the nipples of mammary glands targeting mammary ducts specifically. This technique is adaptable for a variety of compounds including siRNA, chemotherapeutic agents and small molecules.

マウス乳腺に局在薬物送達のための管内注入

Herein we describe a protocol to deliver various reagents to the mouse mammary gland via intraductal injections. Localized drug delivery and knock-down of ...

Retrograde Parotid Gland Infusion through Stensen's Duct in a Non-Human Primate for Vectored Gene Delivery

Salivary glands are an attractive tissue target for gene therapy with promising results already leading to human trials. They are inherently capable of secreting proteins into the bloodstream and are easily accessible, making them potentially superior tissue sites for replacement hormone production or vaccination by gene transfer. Suggested methods for gene delivery include transcutaneous injection and retrograde infusion through salivary ducts. We demonstrate how to perform Retrograde Salivary Gland Infusion (RSGI) in non-human primates. We describe the important anatomic landmarks including identification of the parotid papilla, an atraumatic method of cannulating and sealing Stensen&#39;s Duct utilizing basic dental tools, polyethylene tubing, and cyanoacrylate, and the appropriate rate of infusion. While this is the least traumatic method of delivery, the method is still limited by the volume able to be delivered (&#60;0.5 mL) and the potential for trauma to the duct and gland. We demonstrate using fluoroscopy that an infusate can be fully delivered into the gland, and further demonstrate by immunohistochemistry the transduction of a typical vector and expression of the delivered gene.

Salivary glands have been proposed as a tissue target site for gene therapy, especially in the area of vaccination by gene transfer. We demonstrate gene delivery in a non-human primate model utilizing retrograde parotid infusion.

ベクター化遺伝子導入のための非ヒト霊長類におけるステンセンダクトによる逆行性耳下腺注入

Salivary glands are an attractive tissue target for gene therapy with promising results already leading to human trials. They are inherently capable of ...

マウス顎下腺再生のリアルタイムライブイメージング

Interrogating Cell-Cell Interactions in the Salivary Gland via Ex Vivo Live Cell Imaging

Salivary gland regeneration is a complex process involving intricate interactions among various cell types. Recent studies have shed light on the pivotal role played by macrophages in driving the regenerative response. However, our understanding of this critical role has primarily relied on static views obtained from fixed tissue biopsies. To overcome this limitation and gain insights into these interactions in real time, this study outlines a comprehensive protocol for culturing salivary gland tissue ex vivo and capturing live images of cell migration.
The protocol involves several key steps: First, mouse submandibular salivary gland tissue is carefully sliced using a vibratome and then cultured at an air-liquid interface. These slices can be intentionally injured, for instance, through exposure to radiation, to induce cellular damage and trigger the regenerative response. To track specific cells of interest, they can be endogenously labeled, such as by utilizing salivary gland tissue collected from genetically modified mice where a particular protein is marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Alternatively, fluorescently-conjugated antibodies can be employed to stain cells expressing specific cell surface markers of interest. Once prepared, the salivary gland slices are subjected to live imaging using a high-content confocal imaging system over a duration of 12 h, with images captured at 15 min intervals. The resulting images are then compiled to create a movie, which can subsequently be analyzed to extract valuable cell behavior parameters. This innovative method provides researchers with a powerful tool to investigate and better understand macrophage interactions within the salivary gland following injury, thereby advancing our knowledge of the regenerative processes at play in this dynamic biological context.

著者スポットライト:損傷後の唾液腺再生におけるマクロファージ-上皮細胞相互作用の研究 

Immunofluorescent imaging is constrained by the ability to observe complex, time-dependent biological processes in just a single snapshot in time. This study outlines a live-imaging approach conducted on precision-cut mouse submandibular gland slices. This approach allows for the real-time observation of cell-cell interactions during homeostasis and the processes of regeneration and repair.

唾液腺における細胞間相互作用の Ex Vivo Live Cell Imaging(英語)

Salivary gland regeneration is a complex process involving intricate interactions among various cell types. Recent studies have shed light on the pivotal ...

マウス顎下腺への Retroductal ナノ粒子注入

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ワルトン管を経由してマウス顎下唾液腺のカニュレーション

生分解性高分子粒子のリンパ節内注入

唾液機能低下のラットモデルにおけるRetroductal顎下腺点滴とローカライズされた分割照射

マウス顎下腺唾液腺の直立した生体顕微鏡検査のための準備

蛍光タンパク質を発現する生きたマウスでのイメージング細胞内の構造物の生体顕微鏡

マウス乳腺に局在薬物送達のための管内注入

ベクター化遺伝子導入のための非ヒト霊長類におけるステンセンダクトによる逆行性耳下腺注入

唾液腺における細胞間相互作用の Ex Vivo Live Cell Imaging(英語)

唾液腺における細胞間相互作用の Ex Vivo Live Cell Imaging(英語)

唾液腺における細胞間相互作用の Ex Vivo Live Cell Imaging(英語)