この作品は、市民てんかん (許可番号 35489) の研究のため米国によって支えられました。健康の国民の協会は、(許可番号 R01NS100954、R01NS099188)。ルイジアナ州立大学健康科学センター マルコム ・ ファイスト員。

<ol>
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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absence+seizures:+a+review+of+recent+reports+with+new+concepts.">Absence seizures: a review of recent reports with new concepts.</a> Epilepsy Behav. 15 (4), 404-412 (2009).</li><li>Mostacci, B., Bisulli, F., Alvisi, L., Licchetta, L., Baruzzi, A., Tinuper, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ictal+characteristics+of+psychogenic+nonepileptic+seizures:+what+we+have+learned+from+video/EEG+recordings--a+literature+review.">Ictal characteristics of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: what we have learned from video/EEG recordings--a literature review.</a> Epilepsy Behav. 22 (2), 144-153 (2011).</li><li>Smith, S. J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+in+neurological+conditions+other+than+epilepsy:+when+does+it+help,+what+does+it+add?.">EEG in neurological conditions other than epilepsy: when does it help, what does it add?.</a> J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 76, ii8-ii12 (2005).</li><li>Kennett, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+electroencephalography.">Modern electroencephalography.</a> J. Neurol. 259 (4), 783-789 (2012).</li><li>Thaler, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Only EKG Book You'll Ever Need. , (2012).</li><li>Becker, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fundamentals+of+electrocardiography+interpretation.">Fundamentals of electrocardiography interpretation.</a> Anesth. Prog. 53 (2), 53-63 (2006).</li><li>Luz, E. J. S., Schwartz, W. R., C&#225;mara-Ch&#225;vez, G., Menotti, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ECG-based+heartbeat+classification+for+arrhythmia+detection:+A+survey.">ECG-based heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection: A survey.</a> Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 127, 144-164 (2016).</li><li>Bardai, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epilepsy+is+a+risk+factor+for+sudden+cardiac+arrest+in+the+general+population.">Epilepsy is a risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest in the general population.</a> PloS One. 7 (8), e42749 (2012).</li><li>Lamberts, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+prevalence+of+ECG+markers+for+sudden+cardiac+arrest+in+refractory+epilepsy.">Increased prevalence of ECG markers for sudden cardiac arrest in refractory epilepsy.</a> J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 86 (3), 309-313 (2015).</li><li>Thurman, D. J., Hesdorffer, D. C., French, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sudden+unexpected+death+in+epilepsy:+assessing+the+public+health+burden.">Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: assessing the public health burden.</a> Epilepsia. 55 (10), 1479-1485 (2014).</li><li>Zayachkivsky, A., Lehmkuhle, M. J., Dudek, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+Continuous+EEG+Monitoring+in+Small+Rodent+Models+of+Human+Disease+Using+the+Epoch+Wireless+Transmitter+System.">Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (101), e52554 (2015).</li><li>Bertram, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+for+Seizures+in+Rodents.">Monitoring for Seizures in Rodents.</a> Models of Seizures and Epilepsy. , 97-109 (2017).</li><li>Mishra, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scn2a+deletion+improves+survival+and+brain-heart+dynamics+in+the+Kcna1-null+mouse+model+of+sudden+unexpected+death+in+epilepsy+(SUDEP).">Scn2a deletion improves survival and brain-heart dynamics in the Kcna1-null mouse model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).</a> Hum. Mol. Genet. 26 (11), 2091-2103 (2017).</li><li>Thireau, J., Zhang, B. L., Poisson, D., Babuty, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+rate+variability+in+mice:+a+theoretical+and+practical+guide.">Heart rate variability in mice: a theoretical and practical guide.</a> Exp. Physiol. 93 (1), 83-94 (2008).</li><li>Smart, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+the+K(V)1.1+potassium+channel+causes+epilepsy+in+mice.">Deletion of the K(V)1.1 potassium channel causes epilepsy in mice.</a> Neuron. 20 (4), 809-819 (1998).</li><li>Glasscock, E., Yoo, J. W., Chen, T. T., Klassen, T. L., Noebels, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kv1.1+potassium+channel+deficiency+reveals+brain-driven+cardiac+dysfunction+as+a+candidate+mechanism+for+sudden+unexplained+death+in+epilepsy.">Kv1.1 potassium channel deficiency reveals brain-driven cardiac dysfunction as a candidate mechanism for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy.</a> J. Neurosci. 30 (15), 5167-5175 (2010).</li><li>Moore, B. M., Jerry Jou, ., Tatalovic, C., Kaufman, M., S, E., Kline, D. D., Kunze, D. 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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+impact+of+type-1+and+type-2+diabetes+on+control+of+heart+rate+in+mice.">Differential impact of type-1 and type-2 diabetes on control of heart rate in mice.</a> Auton. Neurosci. 194, 17-25 (2016).</li><li>Gehrmann, J., Hammer, P. E., Maguire, C. T., Wakimoto, H., Triedman, J. K., Berul, C. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+screening+for+heart+rate+variability+in+the+mouse.">Phenotypic screening for heart rate variability in the mouse.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279 (2), H733-H740 (2000).</li><li>Goldman, A. M., Glasscock, E., Yoo, J., Chen, T. T., Klassen, T. L., Noebels, J. 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著者が明らかに何もありません。

成果物から解放された高品質脳波心電図記録を得るためには、劣化や注入電極とワイヤの緩みを防ぐためにあらゆる予防措置を取られるべき。脳波頭インプラントがルーズになると、脳と線の接触は減らされた信号の振幅につながるを低下します。緩やかなインプラントや貧しいワイヤ接点運動成果物とバック グラウンド ノイズを録音に導入、電気信号の歪みもあります。最大強度と密着?...

脳波 (EEG) 心電図 (ECG) は、それぞれ生体内で脳と心機能を評価するための強力かつ広く使用されている技術。脳波は、脳の電気的活動の記録を電極を頭皮に1に接続することによってです。非侵襲的な脳波で記録された信号は、主に大脳皮質の錐体細胞1,2によって生成された興奮性および抑制性シナプス後電位の電位から生じる電圧変動を表します。脳波は、評価およびてんかん3,4患者を管理するための最も一般的な neurodiagnostic テストです。それは、てんかん発作を伴わない欠神発作など非痙攣性ステータスてんかん重積5,6の痙攣行動症状が明らかなときに便利です。逆に、非てんかん関連ビデオ脳波モニタリング7のないてんかん発作と痙攣のエピソードや意識の喪失につながる条件可能性だってあります。てんかんの分野でその有用性だけでなく脳波は睡眠障害、脳症、記憶障害に関連する異常な脳活動を検出するに手術2中に全身麻酔を補完するために使用も広く,8,9。
脳波、心電図とは対照的 (またはそれとして心電図は時々 省略される)10心臓の電気的活動の記録です。心電図は通常、上肢下肢と胸壁は、収縮と弛緩の10、11の各心臓サイクル中に心筋によって生成される電圧の変化の検出を可能に電極を接続することによって実行されます。正常心臓周期の心電図波形の主要コンポーネントは、P 波、QRS の複合体、および T 波心房脱分極、心室脱分極および心室再分極、10、をそれぞれに対応する11. 心電図は不整脈や心臓伝導システム12の欠陥を識別するために使用します。てんかん13、突然の予想外の死と同様、突然の心停止のリスクが大幅に増加したので、てんかん患者心電図を使用して、潜在的に生命を脅かす不整脈を識別することの重要性を増幅します。 14,15。
臨床応用に加え脳波と心電図の録音は疾患のマウスモデルの脳や心臓の機能障害を特定するために欠かせないツールになっています。従来これらの録音は個別に実行されていましたが、ここで我々 はマウスで同時に心電図、脳波、ビデオを記録する手法をについて説明します。同時ビデオ脳波心電図法の詳しいはこちらはマウスの頭に注入電極が録音機器に配線されているテザーの録音設定を利用しています。歴史的に、これがテザリングや有線、構成が標準となって、脳波マウス; のため方法を最も広く使用しかし、無線の EEG テレメトリ システムも最近開発されて、16の人気を集めています。
無線脳波システムに比べ、テザーの配置はいくつかの技術的な利点があるため、目的のアプリケーションに応じて望ましいを所有しています。これらの利点は、脳波や他の biopotentials; 録音するチャネルの大きい数電極コストの削減。電極の使い捨て。信号損失の少ない感受性大きい頻度帯域幅 (すなわち。、サンプリング レート) 録音17。適切に行われて、ここで説明したテザー記録法は高品質、アーチファクト、脳波と心電図を提供できるデータ同時に行動を監視するための対応するビデオと共に。この脳波と心電図データは、神経、心臓を識別するために、採掘できるまたは neurocardiac 異常脳波の変化、発作などパワー スペクトル、心臓伝導ブロック (すなわち。、心臓の拍動をスキップ)、および心拍変動の変化。これらの脳波心電図の定量的方法のアプリケーションを示すためには、マウス (-/-) Kcna1ノックアウト実験例を紹介します。Kcna1-/-マウス不足電圧ゲート Kv1.1 α サブユニットと自発性発作、心臓機能障害、てんかん関連する劇物の同時の脳波心電図測定のための理想的なモデルを作るそれらの早すぎる死の結果として展示neurocardiac の機能不全。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>VistaVision stereozoom dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dolan-Jenner MI-150 microscopy illuminator, with ring light</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MI-150RL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CS Series scale</td>
			<td>Ohaus</td>
			<td>CS200</td>
			<td>for weighing animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T/Pump professional</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>recirculating water heat pad system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ideal Micro Drill</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instruments</td>
			<td>RS-6300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ideal Micro Drill Burr Set</td>
			<td>Cell Point Scientific</td>
			<td>60-1000</td>
			<td>only need the 0.8-mm size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>electric trimmer</td>
			<td>Wahl</td>
			<td>9962</td>
			<td>mini clipper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tabletop vise</td>
			<td>Eclipse Tools</td>
			<td>PD-372</td>
			<td>PD-372 Mini-tabletop suction vise</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fine scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14058-11</td>
			<td>ToughCut, Straight, Sharp/Sharp, 11.5 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crile-Wood needle holder</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12003-15</td>
			<td>Straight, Serrated, 15 cm, with lock - For applying wound clips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #7 forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11297-00</td>
			<td>Standard Tips, Curved, Dumostar, 11.5 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adson forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11006-12</td>
			<td>Serrated, Straight, 12 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olsen-Hegar needle holder with suture cutter</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12002-12</td>
			<td>Straight, Serrated, 12 cm, with lock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>scalpel handle #3</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10003-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>surgical blades #15</td>
			<td>Havel&#39;s</td>
			<td>FHS15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 surgical suture</td>
			<td>Unify</td>
			<td>S-N618R13</td>
			<td>non-absorbable, monofilament, black</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gauze sponges</td>
			<td>Coviden</td>
			<td>2346</td>
			<td>12 ply, 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cotton-tipped swabs</td>
			<td>Constix</td>
			<td>SC-9</td>
			<td>15.2-cm total length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>super glue&#160;</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>LOC1364076</td>
			<td>gel control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Michel wound clips, 7.5mm</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>INS700750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polycarboxylate dental cement kit</td>
			<td>Prime-dent</td>
			<td>010-036</td>
			<td>Type 1 fine grain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tuberculin syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309623</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyethylene tubing</td>
			<td>Intramedic</td>
			<td>427431</td>
			<td>PE160, 1.143 mm (ID) x 1.575 mm (OD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>chlorhexidine&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C9394</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E7023-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puralube vet ointment</td>
			<td>Dechra Veterinary Products</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>opthalamic eye ointment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse anesthetic cocktail</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ketamine (80 mg/kg), Xylazine (10 mg/kg), and Acepromazine (1 mg/kg)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>carprofen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Rimadyl (trade name)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HydroGel</td>
			<td>ClearH20</td>
			<td>70-01-5022</td>
			<td>hydrating gel; 56-g cups</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ponemah&#160; software</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>data acquisition and analysis software; version 5.2 or greater with Electrocardiogram Module</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7700 Digital Signal conditioner</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12 Channel Isolated Bio-potential Pod</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fish tank</td>
			<td>Topfin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>for use as recording chamber; 20.8 gallon aquarium; 40.8 cm (L) X 21.3 cm (W) X 25.5 cm (H)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Communication Module (DCOM)</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>13-7715-70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12 Channel Isolated Bio-potential Pod</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>12-7770-BIO12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>serial link cable</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>J03557-20</td>
			<td>connects DCOM to bio-potential pod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acquisition Interface (ACQ-7700USB)</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-P3P-7002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>network video camera</td>
			<td>Axis Communications</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>P1343, day/night capability</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-Port Gigabit Smart Switch</td>
			<td>Cisco</td>
			<td>SG200-08</td>
			<td>8-port gigabit ethernet swith with 4 power over ethernet supported ports (Cisco Small Business 200 Series)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10-pin male nanoconnector with guide post hole</td>
			<td>Omnetics</td>
			<td>NPS-10-WD-30.0-C-G</td>
			<td>electrode for implantation on the mouse head</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10-socket female nanoconnector with guide post</td>
			<td>Omnetics</td>
			<td>NSS-10-WD-2.0-C-G</td>
			<td>connector for electrode implant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5-mm female touchproof connector cables</td>
			<td>PlasticsOne</td>
			<td>441</td>
			<td>1 signal, gold-plated; for connecting the wiring from the head-mount implant to the bio-potential pod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>soldering iron</td>
			<td>Weller</td>
			<td>WESD51 BUNDLE</td>
			<td>digital soldering station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>solder</td>
			<td>Bernzomatic</td>
			<td>327797</td>
			<td>lead free, silver bearing, acid flux core solder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>heat shrink tubing</td>
			<td>URBEST</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>collection of tubing with 1.5- to 10-mm internal diameters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>heat gun</td>
			<td>Dewalt</td>
			<td>D26960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mounting tape (double-sided)</td>
			<td>3M Scotch</td>
			<td>MMM114</td>
			<td>114/DC Heavy Duty Mounting Tape, 2.54 cm x 1.27 m&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>desktop computer</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>recommended minimum requirements: 3rd Gen Intel Core i7-3770 processor with HD4000 graphics; 4 GB RAM, 1 GB AMD Radeon HD 7570 video card; 1 TB hard drive; Windows 7 OS&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>permanent marker</td>
			<td>Sharpie</td>
			<td>37001</td>
			<td>black color, ultra fine point</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>toothpicks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>for mixing and applying the polycarboxylate dental cement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart Pro software</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>power spectrum software; version 8.1.3 or greater</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kubios HRV software</td>
			<td>Univ. of Eastern Finland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>HRV analysis software; version 2.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Notepad</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>simple text editor software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

simultaneous video-eeg-ecg monitoring to identify neurocardiac dysfunction in mouse models of epilepsy

てんかんの発作は心拍数変化、伝導ブロック、asystoles、てんかん (SUDEP) における突然死のリスクが増加する可能性がある不整脈など心臓のリズム障害を呼び起こすことができます。脳波 (EEG) や心電図 (ECG) は、異常な脳の患者の心拍リズムを監視するため広く使用されている臨床診断ツールです。ここでは、同時に、それぞれの測定動作、脳や心臓の活動へのマウスでビデオ、脳波、心電図を記録する方法を説明します。記載法を利用して、つなぎ縄でつながれた (すなわち、有線) 録音設定マウスの頭に注入電極が録音機器に配線されています。無線テレメトリー システムの記録と比較して、つなぎ縄でつながれた整理は大きい可能な脳波や他の biopotentials; 録音するチャンネル数などのいくつかの技術的な利点を所有しています。電極コストの削減。録音の大きい帯域 (すなわち、サンプリング レート)。この手法の基本には、それぞれ筋電図 (EMG) や脈筋と呼吸活性の評価など、他の生体信号の記録に合わせて簡単に変更できます。脳波-心電図記録を実行する方法に加え、また、発作、脳波スペクトル パワー、心機能とマウスを使用して例を実験で示す心拍変動の結果として得られるデータを定量化する方法を詳細します。Kcna1遺伝子欠失によるてんかん。てんかんやその他の神経疾患のマウスモデルの監視ビデオ脳波心電図は、脳、心臓、または脳心の相互作用のレベルで障害を識別するために強力なツールを提供します。

Neurocardiac の異常を識別するために脳波心電図のデータを分析する方法を示すためには、結果が表示されますKcna1-/-マウス (2 ヶ月) の 24 時間脳波心電図記録のため。彼らは信頼性が高く、頻繁に一般化された強直間代発作活動の開始を示すために、電圧ゲート Kv1.1 α-サブユニットKcna1遺伝子によってエンコードの不足のために設計...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy at JoVE.com

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

ここでは、脳を記録し、心臓の同時ビデオを用いたマウスで計測される生体信号プロトコルを提案脳波 (EEG) や心電図 (ECG)。また発作、パワー スペクトル、心機能および心拍変動の結果として得られる脳波心電図の分析手法について述べる.

てんかんのマウス ・ モデルにおける Neurocardiac 機能障害を識別するために監視同時ビデオ脳波心電図

In epilepsy, seizures can evoke cardiac rhythm disturbances such as heart rate changes, conduction blocks, asystoles, and arrhythmias, which can ...

simultaneous-video-eeg-ecg-monitoring-to-identify-neurocardiac

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

25.2K ビュー.  Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. ここでは、脳を記録し、心臓の同時ビデオを用いたマウスで計測される生体信号プロトコルを提案脳波 (EEG) や心電図 (ECG)。また発作、パワー スペクトル、心機能および心拍変動の結果として得られる脳波心電図の分析手法について述べる.

ビデオ: Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Microbes provide an intriguing system to study social interaction among individuals within a population. The short generation times and relatively simple genetic modification procedures of microbes facilitate the development of the sociomicrobiology field. To assess the fitness of certain microbial species, selected strains or their genetically modified derivatives within one population, can be fluorescently labelled and tracked using microscopy adapted with appropriate fluorescence filters. Expanding colonies of diverse microbial species on agar media can be used to monitor the spatial distribution of cells producing distinctive fluorescent proteins.
Here, we present a detailed protocol for the use of green- and red-fluorescent protein producing bacterial strains to follow spatial arrangement during surface colonization, including flagellum-driven community movement (swarming), exopolysaccharide- and hydrophobin-dependent growth mediated spreading (sliding), and complex colony biofilm formation. Non-domesticated isolates of the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis can be utilized to scrutinize certain surface spreading traits and their effect on two-dimensional distribution on the agar-solidified medium. By altering the number of cells used to initiate colony biofilms, the assortment levels can be varied on a continuous scale. Time-lapse fluorescent microscopy can be used to witness the interaction between different phenotypes and genotypes at a certain assortment level and to determine the relative success of either.

The role of assortment (spatial segregation) in evolutionary scenarios can be examined using simple microbial systems in the laboratory that allow controlled adjustment of spatial distribution. By modifying the founder cell density, various assortment levels can be visualized using fluorescently labelled bacterial strains in the colony biofilms of Bacillus subtilis.

微生物集団に定着表面に空間的分離の監視

Microbes provide an intriguing system to study social interaction among individuals within a population. The short generation times and relatively simple ...

遺伝学

Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

Controlling the expression or activity of specific genes through the myocardial delivery of genetic materials in murine models permits the investigation of gene functions. Their therapeutic potential in the heart can also be determined. There are limited approaches for in vivo molecular intervention in the mouse heart. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based genome engineering has been utilized as an essential tool for in vivo cardiac gene manipulation. The specific advantages of this technology include high efficiency, high specificity, low genomic integration rate, minimal immunogenicity, and minimal pathogenicity. Here, a detailed procedure to construct, package, and purify the rAAV9 vectors is described. Subcutaneous injection of rAAV9 into neonatal pups results in robust expression or efficient knockdown of the gene(s) of interest in the mouse heart, but not in the liver and other tissues. Using the cardiac-specific TnnT2 promoter, high expression of GFP gene in the heart was obtained. Additionally, target mRNA was inhibited in the heart when a rAAV9-U6-shRNA was utilized. Working knowledge of rAAV9 technology may be useful for cardiovascular investigations.

In this manuscript, a method to prepare recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) vectors to manipulate gene expression in the mouse heart is described.

マウスハーツでの遺伝子を過剰発現またはノックダウンするrAAV9の調製

Controlling the expression or activity of specific genes through the myocardial delivery of genetic materials in murine models permits the investigation ...

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

Scientific knowledge is intrinsically linked to available technologies and methods. This article will present two methods that allowed for the identification and verification of a drug resistance gene in the Apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the method of Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping using a Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) -based genetic map and the method of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 -based gene editing. The approach of QTL mapping allows one to test if there is a correlation between a genomic region(s) and a phenotype. Two datasets are required to run a QTL scan, a genetic map based on the progeny of a recombinant cross and a quantifiable phenotype assessed in each of the progeny of that cross. These datasets are then formatted to be compatible with R/qtl software that generates a QTL scan to identify significant loci correlated with the phenotype. Although this can greatly narrow the search window of possible candidates, QTLs span regions containing a number of genes from which the causal gene needs to be identified. Having WGS of the progeny was critical to identify the causal drug resistance mutation at the gene level. Once identified, the candidate mutation can be verified by genetic manipulation of drug sensitive parasites. The most facile and efficient method to genetically modify T. gondii is the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This system comprised of just 2 components both encoded on a single plasmid, a single guide RNA (gRNA) containing a 20 bp sequence complementary to the genomic target and the Cas9 endonuclease that generates a double-strand DNA break (DSB) at the target, repair of which allows for insertion or deletion of sequences around the break site. This article provides detailed protocols to use CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing tools to verify the gene responsible for sinefungin resistance and to construct transgenic parasites.

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

Details are presented on how QTL mapping with a whole genome sequence based genetic map can be used to identify a drug resistance gene in Toxoplasma gondii and how this can be verified with the CRISPR/Cas9 system that efficiently edits a genomic target, in this case the drug resistance gene.

QTLマッピングとCRISPR / Cas9編集による薬剤耐性遺伝子同定<em&gt; Toxoplasma gondii</em

Scientific knowledge is intrinsically linked to available technologies and methods. This article will present two methods that allowed for the ...

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which are sequences of more than 200 nucleotides without a defined reading frame, belong to the regulatory non-coding RNA&#39;s family. Although their biological functions remain largely unknown, the number of these lncRNAs has steadily increased and it is now estimated that humans may have more than 10,000 such transcripts. Some of these are known to be involved in important regulatory pathways of gene expression which take place at the transcriptional level, but also at different steps of RNA co- and post-transcriptional maturation. In the latter cases, RNAs that are targeted by the lncRNA have to be identified. That&#39;s the reason why it is useful to develop a method enabling the identification of RNAs associated directly or indirectly with a lncRNA of interest.
This protocol, which was inspired by previously published protocols allowing the isolation of a lncRNA together with its associated chromatin sequences, was adapted to permit the isolation of associated RNAs. We determined that two steps are critical for the efficiency of this protocol. The first is the design of specific anti-sense DNA oligonucleotide probes able to hybridize to the lncRNA of interest. To this end, the lncRNA secondary structure was predicted by bioinformatics and anti-sense oligonucleotide probes were designed with a strong affinity for regions that display a low probability of internal base pairing. The second crucial step of the procedure relies on the fixative conditions of the tissue or cultured cells that have to preserve the network between all molecular partners. Coupled with high throughput RNA sequencing, this RNA pull-down protocol can provide the whole RNA interactome of a lncRNA of interest.

This RNA pull-down method allows identifying the RNA targets of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Based on the hybridization of home-made, designed anti-sense DNA oligonucleotide probes specific to this lncRNA in an appropriately fixed tissue or cell line, it efficiently allows the capture of all RNA targets of the lncRNA.

RNA プルダウン長い非コード RNA の RNA 標的を識別する手順

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which are sequences of more than 200 nucleotides without a defined reading frame, belong to the regulatory non-coding ...

Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Relative to the issues of off-target effects and the difficulty of inserting a long DNA fragment in the application of designer nucleases for genome editing, embryonic stem (ES) cell-based gene-targeting technology does not have these shortcomings and is widely used to modify animal/mouse genome ranging from large deletions/insertions to single nucleotide substitutions. Notably, identifying the relatively few homologous recombination (HR) events necessary to obtain desired ES clones is a key step, which demands accurate and reliable methods. Southern blotting and/or conventional PCR are often utilized for this purpose. Here, we describe the detailed procedures of using those two methods to identify HR events that occurred in mouse ES cells in which the endogenous Myh9 gene is intended to be disrupted and replaced by cDNAs encoding other nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIs (NMHC IIs). The whole procedure of Southern blotting includes the construction of targeting vector(s), electroporation, drug selection, the expansion and storage of ES cells/clones, the preparation, digestion, and blotting of genomic DNA (gDNA), the hybridization and washing of probe(s), and a final step of autoradiography on the X-ray films. PCR can be performed directly with prepared and diluted gDNA. To obtain ideal results, the probes and restriction enzyme (RE) cutting sites for Southern blotting and the primers for PCR should be carefully planned. Though the execution of Southern blotting is time-consuming and labor-intensive and PCR results have false positives, the correct identification by Southern blotting and the rapid screening by PCR allow the sole or combined application of these methods described in this paper to be widely used and consulted by most labs in the identification of genotypes of ES cells and genetically modified animals.

Here, we present a detailed protocol for identifying homologous recombination events that occurred in mouse embryonic stem cells using Southern blotting and/or PCR. This method is exemplified by the generation of nonmuscle myosin II genetic replacement mouse models using traditional embryonic stem cell-based homologous recombination-mediated targeting technology.

南しみが付くことおよびポリメラーゼの連鎖反応を使用してマウス胚性幹細胞での相同組換えイベントの識別

Relative to the issues of off-target effects and the difficulty of inserting a long DNA fragment in the application of designer nucleases for genome ...

Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD), cause the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives each year. Effective treatment options able to halt disease progression are lacking. Despite the extensive sequencing efforts in large patient populations, the majority of ALS and PD cases remain unexplained by genetic mutations alone. Epigenetics mechanisms, such as the post-translational modification of histone proteins, may be involved in neurodegenerative disease etiology and progression and lead to new targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Mammalian in vivo and in vitro models of ALS and PD are costly and often require prolonged and laborious experimental protocols. Here, we outline a practical, fast, and cost-effective approach to determining genome-wide alterations in histone modification levels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system. This protocol allows for comprehensive investigations into epigenetic changes connected to neurodegenerative proteinopathies that corroborate previous findings in different model systems while significantly expanding our knowledge of the neurodegenerative disease epigenome.

This protocol outlines experimental procedures to characterize genome-wide changes in the levels of histone post-translational modifications (PTM) occurring in connection with the overexpression of proteins associated with ALS and Parkinson&#39;s disease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae models. After SDS-PAGE separation, individual histone PTM levels are detected with modification-specific antibodies via Western blotting.

酵母神経変性認知症予備モデルにおけるヒストン翻訳後修飾変化の特性

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD), cause the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives ...

Enhanced Yeast One-hybrid Screens To Identify Transcription Factor Binding To Human DNA Sequences

Identifying the sets of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate each human gene is a daunting task that requires integrating numerous experimental and computational approaches. One such method is the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, in which interactions between TFs and DNA regions are tested in the milieu of the yeast nucleus using reporter genes. Y1H assays involve two components: a &#8216;DNA-bait&#8217; (e.g., promoters, enhancers, silencers, etc.) and a &#8216;TF-prey,&#8217; which can be screened for reporter gene activation. Most published protocols for performing Y1H screens are based on transforming TF-prey libraries or arrays into DNA-bait yeast strains. Here, we describe a pipeline, called enhanced Y1H (eY1H) assays, where TF-DNA interactions are interrogated by mating DNA-bait strains with an arrayed collection of TF-prey strains using a high density array (HDA) robotic platform that allows screening in a 1,536 colony format. This allows for a dramatic increase in throughput (60 DNA-bait sequences against &#62;1,000 TFs takes two weeks per researcher) and reproducibility. We illustrate the different types of expected results by testing human promoter sequences against an array of 1,086 human TFs, as well as examples of issues that can arise during screens and how to troubleshoot them.

Here, we present an enhanced yeast one-hybrid screening protocol to identify the transcription factors (TFs) that can bind to a human DNA region of interest. This method uses a high-throughput screening pipeline that can interrogate the binding of &#62;1,000 TFs in a single experiment.

人間の DNA 配列に結合する転写因子を識別するために強化されたイースト 1 ハイブリッド スクリーン

Identifying the sets of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate each human gene is a daunting task that requires integrating numerous experimental and ...

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Gene regulation plays an important role in all cells. Transcriptional, post-transcriptional (or RNA processing), translational, and post-translational steps are used to regulate specific genes. Sequence-specific nucleic acid-binding proteins target specific sequences to control spatial or temporal gene expression. The binding sites in nucleic acids are typically characterized by mutational analysis. However, numerous proteins of interest have no known binding site for such characterization. Here we describe an approach to identify previously unknown binding sites for RNA-binding proteins. It involves iterative selection and amplification of sequences starting with a randomized sequence pool. Following several rounds of these steps-transcription, binding, and amplification-the enriched sequences are sequenced to identify a preferred binding site(s). Success of this approach is monitored using in vitro binding assays. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo functional assays can be used to assess the biological relevance of the selected sequences. This approach allows identification and characterization of a previously unknown binding site(s) for any RNA-binding protein for which an assay to separate protein-bound and unbound RNAs exists.

Sequence specificity is critical for gene regulation. Regulatory proteins that recognize specific sequences are important for gene regulation. Defining functional binding sites for such proteins is a challenging biological problem. An iterative approach for identification of a binding site for an RNA-binding protein is described here and is applicable to all RNA-binding proteins.

調節RNA結合タンパク質の結合部位を同定するための配列空間の探索

Gene regulation plays an important role in all cells. Transcriptional, post-transcriptional (or RNA processing), translational, and post-translational ...

Generation of Tumor Organoids from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer

Methods based on homologous recombination to modify genes have significantly furthered biological research. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are a rigorous method for studying mammalian development and disease. Our laboratory has developed several GEMMs of prostate cancer (PCa) that lack expression of one or multiple tumor suppressor genes using the site-specific Cre-loxP recombinase system and a prostate-specific promoter. In this article, we describe our method for necropsy of these PCa GEMMs, primarily focusing on dissection of mouse prostate tumors. New methods developed over the last decade have facilitated the culture of epithelial-derived cells to model organ systems in vitro in three dimensions. We also detail a 3D cell culture method to generate tumor organoids from mouse PCa GEMMs. Pre-clinical cancer research has been dominated by 2D cell culture and cell line-derived or patient-derived xenograft models. These methods lack tumor microenvironment, a limitation of using these techniques in pre-clinical studies. GEMMs are more physiologically-relevant for understanding tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Tumor organoid culture is an in vitro model system that recapitulates tumor architecture and cell lineage characteristics. In addition, 3D cell culture methods allow for growth of normal cells for comparison to tumor cell cultures, rarely possible using 2D cell culture techniques. In combination, use of GEMMs and 3D cell culture in pre-clinical studies has the potential to improve our understanding of cancer biology.&#160;

We show a method for necropsy and dissection of mouse prostate cancer models, focusing on prostate tumor dissection. A step-by-step protocol for generation of mouse prostate tumor organoids is also presented.

前立腺癌の遺伝子組み換えマウスモデルからの腫瘍オルガノイドの生成

Methods based on homologous recombination to modify genes have significantly furthered biological research. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) ...

In Vivo Forward Genetic Screen to Identify Novel Neuroprotective Genes in Drosophila melanogaster

There is much to understand about the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including the underlying genes responsible. Forward genetic screening using chemical mutagens is a useful strategy for mapping mutant phenotypes to genes among Drosophila and other model organisms that share conserved cellular pathways with humans. If the mutated gene of interest is not lethal in early developmental stages of flies, a climbing assay can be conducted to screen for phenotypic indicators of decreased brain functioning, such as low climbing rates. Subsequently, secondary histological analysis of brain tissue can be performed in order to verify the neuroprotective function of the gene by scoring neurodegeneration phenotypes. Gene mapping strategies include meiotic and deficiency mapping that rely on these same assays can be followed by DNA sequencing to identify possible nucleotide changes in the gene of interest.

In Vivo Forward Genetic Screen to Identify Novel Neuroprotective Genes in Drosophila melanogaster

We present a protocol using a forward genetic approach to screen for mutants exhibiting neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. It incorporates a climbing assay, histology analysis, gene mapping and DNA sequencing to ultimately identify novel genes related to the process of neuroprotection.

ショウジョウバエメラノガスターの新しい神経保護遺伝子を同定する生体内前方遺伝スクリーン

There is much to understand about the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including the underlying genes responsible. Forward genetic ...

てんかんのマウス・モデルにおける Neurocardiac 機能障害を識別するために監視同時ビデオ脳波心電図

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

微生物集団に定着表面に空間的分離の監視

マウスハーツでの遺伝子を過剰発現またはノックダウンするrAAV9の調製

QTLマッピングとCRISPR / Cas9編集による薬剤耐性遺伝子同定

RNA プルダウン長い非コード RNA の RNA 標的を識別する手順

南しみが付くことおよびポリメラーゼの連鎖反応を使用してマウス胚性幹細胞での相同組換えイベントの識別

酵母神経変性認知症予備モデルにおけるヒストン翻訳後修飾変化の特性

人間の DNA 配列に結合する転写因子を識別するために強化されたイースト 1 ハイブリッドスクリーン

調節RNA結合タンパク質の結合部位を同定するための配列空間の探索

前立腺癌の遺伝子組み換えマウスモデルからの腫瘍オルガノイドの生成

ショウジョウバエメラノガスターの新しい神経保護遺伝子を同定する生体内前方遺伝スクリーン

てんかんのマウス ・ モデルにおける Neurocardiac 機能障害を識別するために監視同時ビデオ脳波心電図

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

微生物集団に定着表面に空間的分離の監視

マウスハーツでの遺伝子を過剰発現またはノックダウンするrAAV9の調製

QTLマッピングとCRISPR / Cas9編集による薬剤耐性遺伝子同定

RNA プルダウン長い非コード RNA の RNA 標的を識別する手順

南しみが付くことおよびポリメラーゼの連鎖反応を使用してマウス胚性幹細胞での相同組換えイベントの識別

酵母神経変性認知症予備モデルにおけるヒストン翻訳後修飾変化の特性

人間の DNA 配列に結合する転写因子を識別するために強化されたイースト 1 ハイブリッド スクリーン

調節RNA結合タンパク質の結合部位を同定するための配列空間の探索

前立腺癌の遺伝子組み換えマウスモデルからの腫瘍オルガノイドの生成

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