著者の謝辞があります。

動物は、制度のガイドラインに従って南デンマーク大学動物医療施設に収容されました。ケアと実験動物の使用のための健康の国民の協会ガイドに従ってすべての動物実験を行った。これは、急性、生存非手術です。
1. チューブ、電極、および外科手術用器具の準備
<ol><li>次の顕微鏡機器を使用: 外科はさみ、斜めマイクロはさみ、ティッシュ鉗子、デュモン #7 のペアと #5 湾曲したマイクロ鉗子、マイクロ針ホルダーとリトラクター。 注:急性の手順としては、器具を滅菌する必要はありません。使用後は、清掃し、70% のエタノールのヒントを拭いてください。</li>
	<li>70% エタノールでチューブを浸漬し、滅菌の 0.9% でフラッシュ使用前に 100 U/mL と塩化ナトリウム。空気の泡システムに導入することを避けるために満たされた管を残します。</li>
	<li>ICP 測定用カテーテルをするポリエチレン (PE)-50 チューブの 20-30 cm の長さ部分をカットします。管は湿し水の圧力を減らすためにできるだけ短くを確認します。</li>
	<li>針が途中で中断されるまで、滅菌 24 G 針サイドにサイドを曲げます。Cru を陰茎に挿入するため PE チューブの遠位端にベベル部分を接続します。他は半分圧トランスデューサーに接続するためのハブに挿入します。ヘパリン生食液 (100 U/mL) システムを入力します。</li>
	<li>バイポーラのテフロン被覆電極をするためには、カット 2 125 μ m 銀は同じ長さにワイヤーします。テーブルの端にワイヤーを接続し、それらをまとめてスレッドのテープの一部を使用します。その後、黒い板に電極を接続します。</li>
	<li>テフロンに小さな切開を行い、#5 マイクロ鉗子を使用する電極の先端をテフロン コーティングの 4-5 の mm 長さ。ヒントをも長さを達成して、メスの刃の鈍端のまわりの端を曲げ、フックを作成するメスで切った</li>
	<li>上向きフックと黒のプレートの端に少し拡張エンドと電極をテープします。10 s とラップ接着剤バブル電極フックから 1-2 mm のプラスチック板にシリコン接着剤を混ぜます。</li>
	<li>(図 1) を使用する前に約 5 分間乾燥すること。刺激への接続を許可するもう一方の端の長いセクションからテフロンをストリップします。 注:再先端のフックをやって、電極を何回も使用できます。</li>
</ol>2. 動物の準備
<ol><li>動物を麻酔した後、腹部、首、会陰の下半分を剃る。70% アルコール ポビドン ヨードが 3 回続くと動物をスクラブします。ラットを仰臥位で温水外科パッドに配置します。獣医眼軟膏を適用し、キャリアとして 2.5% イソフルランと 0.8 L/分の酸素と鼻の円錐形に麻酔を切り替えます。 注:イソフルラン麻酔の許容可能なレベルを達成するために酸素のレベルを調整します。</li>
</ol>3. 術前準備
<ol><li>手術顕微鏡下で全体の手術の手順: 3.15 X から 20 X までの倍率で十分です。手袋を使用し、手術中のクリーンな環境を維持します。ドレープにラットを配置します。</li>
</ol>4. 坐骨海綿体筋解離 ICP 測定用
<ol><li>メス、ストレートのはさみを使用し、デュモン #7: マイクロ鉗子 1 cm を垂直にする陰茎のベースのレベルから開始して、下方 (図 2 a) を拡張する正中皮膚切開 5 mm 外側。Q ティップを使用し、陰嚢 (図 2 b) に横方向の筋膜を慎重に分離します。筋膜を切り裂く後、リトラクターを添付し、坐骨結節 (図 2) を見つけるに綿の先端-スワップで触診。</li>
	<li>坐骨海綿体筋、可視化されるまでこのポイントの脂肪組織の内側を通して解剖 (図 3 a)。デュモン #7 曲線マイクロ鉗子のペアを使用し、縦筋を分離します。逃げずは、明るい白い構造 (図 3 b) として表示されます。マイクロ鉗子、マイクロはさみを使用して、適切にそのコース (図 3) を参照してくださいに逃げずを公開します。</li>
	<li>システム設定のキャリブレーション後陰茎 cru (図 4) に並列実行されるかどうかを確かめて、会陰部皮膚からチューブを挿入します。場所の行を残して、切開の生理食塩水で潤いを保ちます。</li>
</ol>5 刺激に対する CN 郭清
<ol><li>2 cm 下げると、正中線、メス、ストレートのはさみおよびマイクロ ピンセットのペアを使用して最初、皮膚を通して腹部切開を確認します。一致する白線に沿って筋膜切開を作成するアルバと基になる筋肉組織、膀胱と前立腺を公開します。</li>
	<li>リトラクターを良い露出を達成するために使用します。綿棒を使用して主要な骨盤神経節 (MPG) 明確に可視化を取得する脂肪組織から前立腺と CN、前立腺 (図 5) の背側面に実行しています。</li>
	<li>Mpg ファイルと CN の可視化後、慎重に斜めマイクロはさみ (図 6 a)、2-5 mm、mpg ファイルに遠位神経を覆う筋膜を切開します。#5 マイクロ鉗子の使用、無料の 4 mm 長い部分 (図 6 b) にそれの下に神経の両側にテイッシュ、神経 (図 6 c) の下で 9-0 縫合糸をスライドさせます。</li>
	<li>バイポーラ電極 (図 7 b) 神経の周りのフックの配置を容易にする縫合 (図 7 a) の助けを借りて、少し神経を昇格させます。アシスタント混在させるインシュリンの先端で 2 液シリコン接着剤神経 5 s. ドライ用の針し、フックと神経 (図 7 c, d) の周辺に接着剤を適用しなさい乾燥して接着剤を許可する約 1 分の電極を少し引いて、神経を高く保ちます。</li>
	<li>任意の引っ張るか、または電極のねじれを避けるために右側のリトラクターを除いて、リトラクターを削除します。切開を生理食塩水に浸漬と一般の生理食塩水ガーゼで露出した臓器を濡れています。</li>
</ol>6. 海綿体 ICP 測定用穿刺
<ol><li>リトラクターを使用して逃げずの可視化を復元します。Cru を歪めるだろう、坐骨海綿体筋に、リトラクターを接続ことを確認します。</li>
	<li>針を添付し、逃げずにそれを導入する前にヘパリン生理食塩水でチューブをフラッシュします。保持引き伸ばされ、片方の手でデュモン #7 曲線マイクロ鉗子を使用して逃げず (非利き手)、逃げず、筋肉の残りの部分の挿入点の遠位。ストレート微細鉗子その他の支配的な手で針を保持し、それを導入する海綿体 (図 8) のコースと平行します。</li>
	<li>5-8 mm 針を海綿体に押し込みます。チューブをフラッシュおよび cru を押して回線 (図 9) をテストします。漏れがないことを確認します。偶発的な線を引いて避けるためテープでテーブルにチューブを固定します。リトラクターを削除します。</li>
</ol>7. CN の刺激
<ol><li>録画プログラム (例えばスパイク 2) と海綿静脈洞部と平均動脈圧を連続記録を実行しています。</li>
	<li>CN 刺激の刺激 (例えばSD9 草楽器を参照テーブルの材料) の次のパラメーターを設定: 電流 1.5 mA、周波数 16 Hz、3 V で電圧とパルス幅の 1 分の刺激を最小限に抑えて 5 女史適用 50 s刺激間に残り。 注:最初の刺激は通常減少応答 (図 10) になります。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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著者が明らかに何もありません。

本研究の第一の目標は、ICP 録音のため陰茎 cru カニュレーションの簡略化された手術手技と電気刺激の CN の分離を記述するためだった。紹介した手術を簡素化し、CN の刺激で ICP の上昇の再現可能な録音を提供する海綿体の解剖に変更。1 cm 縦切開で指導として明白な坐骨結節を使用して、陰茎のベースの外側を実現坐骨海綿体筋や精巣白膜の良好な露出。この手順より速く (15 分未満) 文学?...

実験動物の勃起機能のin vivo研究はエックハルト1の先駆的な実験的な作品で 1863 年創業。骨盤神経の電気刺激は、犬の増加の ICP を誘導するために使用されました。20 世紀を通して似たような実験的プロトコルは犬、猿、猫、ウサギなどの大型動物で使用されました。ラットにおける勃起機能評価最初 1989年2クインランらによって開発されました。メソッドは以来変更、いくつか他のグループ3の4によって更新されます。今日では、ラットは最も広く勃起不全の病理を勉強し、新たな治療法の選択肢を評価するための動物モデルを使用します。頸動脈, 測定 ICP、陰茎の cru のカニュレーションと CN の刺激の直線を使用して、ICP の増加を誘発する全身の血圧を記録、手続きの主な手順が含まれます。いくつかの研究は、モデルを改良した、再現性、問題が残る場合、変数の結果は、異なる研究室で報告されています。いくつかの落とし穴をまだ保持します。
前の記事5,6,7,8,9,10は、陰茎海綿体のカニュレーションの degloving の完全陰茎露出の使用をについて説明します。これは操作として最適なアプローチではなく、破壊的な郭清は、勃起機能に不可欠な構造に傷害を引き起こします。神経刺激が実験結果に影響を与えることができる複数の要因のために最適ではないが、CN の郭清は記述10、11にしました。CN 刺激の手法は、神経の周りに置き、バイポーラ フック電極上を引っ張ってくると刺激の前に神経を乾燥、周囲の組織から神経を持ち上げる含まれています。これは神経の損傷や電気の漏電、減少応答または代替経路など、骨盤底筋、膀胱の刺激による誘導で虚偽の増加の結果と胃腸の様々 な程度につながることができます。管12。これらすべての要因は、再現性を制限します。
私たちの研究の中に両方の深さと麻酔の種類である ICP に深遠な効果を観察しました。ペントバルビ タール ナトリウム、ケタミン ・ キシラジンまたはケタミン/ミダゾラム注射イソフルラン/酸素吸入、麻酔剤です。
ここで簡略化された手術法を説明、実験的プロトコルの標準化をサポートするためのデータを提供します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Adson forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>11006-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #7 forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>11271-30</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>11273-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ToughCut Mayo scissor</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>14110-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Miniature Vannas Spring scissor</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>15006-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra Fine Hemostat</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>13020-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Crile Hemostat</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>13004-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kwik-Sil Adhesive</td><td>World Precision Instruments</td><td>KWIK-SIL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Teflon coated silver wire 0.125 mm</td><td>World Precision Instruments</td><td>AGT0510</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elastic wire retractors</td><td>Custom made</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel blade</td><td>Fine Science Tool</td><td>10023-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PE-50 tubing</td><td>Warner Instruments</td><td>64-0753</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 G Needle</td><td>Kruuse</td><td>121272</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SD-9 Square Pulse Stimulator</td><td>Somatco</td><td>1077/183</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blood pressure transducer and cable</td><td>World Precision Instruments</td><td>BLPR2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Raucotupf Cotton-tipped Applicators</td><td>Lohmann-Raucher</td><td>11966</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pro-ophta Ocular Sticks</td><td>Lohmann-Raucher</td><td>16515</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl 0,9 % 100 mL</td><td>Local pharmacy</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heparin</td><td>Local pharmacy</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25 mL Syringe</td><td>Odense University Hospital</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vet eye ointment - Viscotears</td><td>Local pharmacy</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>silver wires&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Science Products GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silicon Glue&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Kwik-Sil, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

cavernous nerve stimulation and recording of intracavernous pressure in a rat

海綿神経 (CN) の刺激および海綿静脈洞部の圧力 (ICP) の測定は、テストおよび評価の勃起不全の治療に広範囲に使用されています。ただし、使用される方法によって異なります所、落とし穴がまだ存在します。本研究の目的は、信頼性と再現性のあるモデルを提供する手技を記述するためだった。坐骨結節に挿入、その時点坐骨海綿体筋を公開すると、陰茎の cru は、最小限の郭清と勃起機能に関与する構造への損傷 cannulated でした。持ち上げると、乾燥を必要とせず、CN の繰り返しの刺激電極神経複合体を分離する 125 μ m バイポーラ銀電極と生体適合性のシリコン接着剤を使用して達成されました。このメソッドはストレッチと神経を乾燥を減らすことによって neuropraxia を防ぎ電気的なリークを否定し、代替経路の刺激を防止する神経の完全な分離を提供します。

使用推奨される刺激の設定でこのプロトコルのイソフルラン 2.0% 酸素吸入麻酔下で 0.8 L/分必要があります結果が図 11および図12に示すように、背中合わせに複数があります。75 〜 80 ミリメートル Hg。図 13間刺激応答を示しています同じ安定した応答に 20 分刺激に 73 〜 77 ミリメートル水銀テスト?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat at JoVE.com

Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat

本研究は、手術手順の簡略化と神経電極の絶縁の海綿状の神経刺激を実行する方法について説明します。 海綿静脈洞部圧力測定とシリコーン接着剤を使用して複雑な。

海綿神経刺激とラットの海綿静脈洞部の圧力の記録

The stimulation of the cavernous nerve (CN) and measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) have been used extensively to test and evaluate therapies for ...

cavernous-nerve-stimulation-recording-intracavernous-pressure

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.4K ビュー.  University of Southern Denmark. 本研究は、手術手順の簡略化と神経電極の絶縁の海綿状の神経刺激を実行する方法について説明します。 海綿静脈洞部圧力測定とシリコーン接着剤を使用して複雑な。

ビデオ: Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat

Epidural Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Rats Using a Fiber-optic Pressure Transducer

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a significant problem in several forms of ischemic brain injury including stroke, traumatic brain injury and cardiac arrest. This elevation may result in further neurological injury, in the form of transtentorial herniation1,2,3,4, midbrain compression, neurological deficit or increased cerebral infarct2,4. Current therapies are often inadequate to control elevated ICP in the clinical setting5,6,7 . Thus there is a need for accurate methods of ICP measurement in animal models to further our understanding of the basic mechanisms and to develop new treatments for elevated ICP.
In both the clinical and experimental setting ICP cannot be estimated without direct measurement. Several methods of ICP catheter insertion currently exist. Of these the intraventricular catheter has become the clinical 'gold standard' of ICP measurement in humans8. This method involves the partial removal of skull and the instrumentation of the catheter through brain tissue. Consequently, intraventricular catheters have an infection rate of 6-11%9. For this reason, subdural and epidural cannulations have become the preferred methods in animal models of ischemic injury. 
Various ICP measurement techniques have been adapted for animal models, and of these, fluid-filled telemetry catheters10 and solid state catheters are the most frequently used11,12,13,14,15. The fluid-filled systems are prone to developing air bubbles in the line, resulting in false ICP readings. Solid state probes avoid this problem (Figure 1). An additional problem is fitting catheters under the skull or into the ventricles without causing any brain injury that might alter the experimental outcomes. Therefore, we have developed a method that places an ICP catheter contiguous with the epidural space, but avoids the need to insert it between skull and brain. 
An optic fibre pressure catheter (420LP, SAMBA Sensors, Sweden) was used to measure ICP at the epidural location because the location of the pressure sensor (at the very tip of the catheter) was found to produce a high fidelity ICP signal in this model. There are other manufacturers of similar optic fibre technologies13 that may be used with our methodology. Alternative solid state catheters, which have the pressure sensor located at the side of the catheter tip, would not be appropriate for this model as the signal would be dampened by the presence of the monitoring screw. 
Here, we present a relatively simple and accurate method to measure ICP. This method can be used across a wide range of ICP related animal models.

A novel technique to record the pressures within the skull is described. The minimally invasive method uses a fibre-optic pressure sensing system to accurately measure intracranial pressure (ICP) in anaesthetized rats without causing significant brain trauma. The technique may be used in a wide range of experimental models.

光ファイバ圧力トランスデューサを使用したラットの硬膜外頭蓋内圧測定

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a significant problem in several forms of ischemic brain injury including stroke, traumatic brain injury and ...

医学

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

In vivo electrophysiology is a powerful technique to investigate the relationship between brain activity and behavior at a millisecond and micrometer scale. However, current methods mostly rely on tethered cable recordings or only use unidirectional systems, allowing either recording or stimulation of neural activity, but not at the same time or same target. Here, a new wireless, bidirectional device for simultaneous multichannel recording and stimulation of neural activity in freely behaving rats is described. The system operates through a single portable head stage that both transmits recorded activity and can be targeted in real-time for brain stimulation using a telemetry-based multichannel software. The head stage is equipped with a preamplifier and a rechargeable battery, allowing stable long-term recordings or stimulation for up to 1 h. Importantly, the head stage is compact, weighs 12 g (including battery) and thus has minimal impact on the animal&#180;s behavioral repertoire, making the method applicable to a broad set of behavioral tasks. Moreover, the method has the major advantage that the effect of brain stimulation on neural activity and behavior can be measured simultaneously, providing a tool to assess the causal relationships between specific brain activation patterns and behavior. This feature makes the method particularly valuable for the field of deep brain stimulation, allowing precise assessment, monitoring, and adjustment of stimulation parameters during long-term behavioral experiments. The applicability of the system has been validated using the inferior colliculus as a model structure.

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

A wireless, bidirectional system for multi-channel neural recordings and stimulation in freely behaving rats is introduced. The system is light and compact, thus having minimal impact on the animal&#180;s behavioral repertoire. Moreover, this bidirectional system provides a sophisticated tool to assess causal relationships between brain activation patterns and behavior.

ワイヤレス、 In Vivo記録そして自由行動下ラットにおける神経活動の刺激のための双方向インタ フェース

In vivo electrophysiology is a powerful technique to investigate the relationship between brain activity and behavior at a millisecond and micrometer ...

行動学

Novel Approach for Simultaneous Recording of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure with Intravenous Infusion in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice.

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is of great interest in many areas of research such as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes and obesity. Unequivocal assessment of the role of the sympathetic nervous system is thus imperative for proper interpretation of experimental results and understanding of disease processes. RSNA has been traditionally measured in anesthetized rodents, including mice. However, mice usually exhibit very low systemic blood pressure and hemodynamic instability for several hours during anesthesia and surgery. Meaningful interpretation of RSNA is confounded by this non-physiological state, given the intimate relationship between sympathetic nervous tone and cardiovascular status. To address this limitation of traditional approaches, we developed a new method for measuring RSNA in conscious, freely-moving mice. Mice were chronically instrumented with radio-telemeters for continuous monitoring of blood pressure as well as a jugular venous infusion catheter and custom-designed bipolar electrode for direct recording of RSNA. Following a 48-72 hour recovery period, survival rate was 100% and all mice behaved normally. At this time-point, RSNA was successfully recorded in 80% of mice, with viable signals acquired up to 4 and 5 days post-surgery in 70% and 50% of mice, respectively. Physiological blood pressures were recorded in all mice (116&plusmn;2 mmHg; n=10). Recorded RSNA increased with eating and grooming, as well-established in the literature. Furthermore, RSNA was validated by ganglionic blockade and modulation of blood pressure with pharmacological agents. Herein, an effective and manageable method for clear recording of RSNA in conscious, freely-moving mice is described.

Anesthetized mice exhibit non-physiological systemic blood pressure, which precludes meaningful assessment of autonomic tone given the intimate relationship between blood pressure and the autonomic nervous system. Thus, a novel method to simultaneously record renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure with intravenous infusion in conscious mice is outlined.

腎交感神経活動と意識、持続静脈内投与による血圧の同時記録への新しいアプローチ気ままなマウス。

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity ...

Preparation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrodes for Chronic Implantation in Rats

Peripheral nerve cuff electrodes have long been used in the neurosciences and related fields for stimulation of, for example, vagus or sciatic nerves. Several recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of chronic VNS in enhancing central nervous system plasticity to improve motor rehabilitation, extinction learning, and sensory discrimination. Construction of chronically implantable devices for use in such studies is challenging due to rats&#8217; small size, and typical protocols require extensive training of personnel and time-consuming microfabrication methods. Alternatively, commercially available implantable cuff electrodes can be purchased at a significantly higher cost. In this protocol, we present a simple, low-cost method for construction of small, chronically implantable peripheral nerve cuff electrodes for use in rats. We validate the short and long-term reliability of our cuff electrodes by demonstrating that VNS in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rats produces decreases in breathing rate consistent with activation of the Hering-Breuer reflex, both at the time of implantation and up to 10 weeks after device implantation. We further demonstrate the suitability of the cuff electrodes for use in chronic stimulation studies by pairing VNS with skilled lever press performance to induce motor cortical map plasticity.

Existing approaches for constructing chronically implantable peripheral nerve cuff electrodes for use in small rodents often require specialized equipment and/or highly trained personnel. In this protocol we demonstrate a simple, low-cost approach for fabricating chronically implantable cuff electrodes, and demonstrate their effectiveness for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in rats.

ラットの慢性移植のための末梢神経刺激電極の調製

Peripheral nerve cuff electrodes have long been used in the neurosciences and related fields for stimulation of, for example, vagus or sciatic nerves. ...

神経科学

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Intracellular recording of spinal motoneurons in vivo provides a &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for determining the cells&#8217; electrophysiological characteristics in the intact spinal network and holds significant advantages relative to classical in vitro or extracellular recording techniques. An advantage of in vivo intracellular recordings is that this method can be performed on adult animals with a fully mature nervous system, and therefore many observed physiological mechanisms can be translated to practical applications. In this methodological paper, we describe this procedure combined with externally applied constant current stimulation, which mimics polarization processes occurring within spinal neuronal networks. Trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is an innovative method increasingly used as a neuromodulatory intervention in rehabilitation after various neurological injuries as well as in sports. The influence of tsDCS on the nervous system remains poorly understood and the physiological mechanisms behind its actions are largely unknown. The application of the tsDCS simultaneously with intracellular recordings enables us to directly observe changes of motoneuron membrane properties and characteristics of rhythmic firing in response to the polarization of the spinal neuronal network, which is crucial for the understanding of tsDCS actions. Moreover, when the presented protocol includes the identification of the motoneuron with respect to an innervated muscle and its function (flexor versus extensor) as well as the physiological type (fast versus slow) it provides an opportunity to selectively investigate the influence of tsDCS on identified components of spinal circuitry, which seem to be differently affected by polarization. The presented procedure focuses on surgical preparation for intracellular recordings and stimulation with an emphasis on the steps which are necessary to achieve preparation stability and reproducibility of results. The details of the methodology of the anodal or cathodal tsDCS application are discussed while paying attention to practical and safety issues.

This protocol describes in vivo intracellular recording of rat lumbar motoneurons with simultaneous trans-spinal direct current stimulation. The method enables us to measure membrane properties and to record rhythmic firing of motoneurons before, during and after anodal or cathodal polarization of the spinal cord.

生体内でのトランス脊髄直流刺激時の型同定されたラット脊髄モネニューロンの細胞内記録

Intracellular recording of spinal motoneurons in vivo provides a &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for determining the cells&#8217; electrophysiological ...

ラットモデルの炎症状態を治療するための腹部VNS

Implantation Surgery for Abdominal Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Recording Studies in Awake Rats

Abdominal vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can be applied to the subdiaphragmatic branch of the vagus nerve of rats. Due to its anatomical location, it does not have any respiratory and cardiac off-target effects commonly associated with cervical VNS. The lack of respiratory and cardiac off-target effects means that the intensity of stimulation does not need to be lowered to reduce side effects commonly experienced during cervical VNS. Few recent studies demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of abdominal VNS in rat models of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and glycemia reduction in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Rat is a great model to explore the potential of this technology because of the well-established anatomy of the vagus nerve, the large size of the nerve that allows easy handling, and the availability of many disease models. Here, we describe the methods for cleaning and sterilizing the abdominal VNS electrode array and surgical protocol in rats. We also describe the technology required for confirmation of suprathreshold stimulation by recording evoked compound action potentials. Abdominal VNS has the potential to offer selective, effective treatment for a variety of conditions, including inflammatory diseases, and the application is expected to expand similarly to cervical VNS.

著者スポットライト:炎症性疾患に対する腹部VNSの探索

The present protocol describes the surgical technique for implanting an electrode array onto the abdominal vagus nerve in rats, along with methods for chronic electrophysiology testing and stimulation using the implanted device.

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

Abdominal vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can be applied to the subdiaphragmatic branch of the vagus nerve of rats. Due to its anatomical location, it does ...

Intracavernosal Pressure Recording to Evaluate Erectile Function in Rodents

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to attain or keep an erection of the penis, and this has become a prevalent male sexual disorder. Rodents are employed by many studies to research the physiology/pathology of erectile function. Erectile function in rodents can be evaluated by measuring the intracavernosal pressure (ICP). In practice, ICP can be monitored following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves (CNs). The arterial pressure of the carotid artery (the mean arterial pressure) is used as the reference for ICP. Using ICP recording protocols, many key parameters of erectile function can be measured from the ICP response curve. The ICP measurement provides more information than the apomorphine-induced penile erection test, and is cheaper than telemetric monitoring of the corpus spongiosum penis, making this method the most popular one to evaluate erectile function. However, compared to the easily-performed APO-induced erectile function test, successful ICP recordings require attention to detail, practice, and adherence to the operation method. In this work, an introduction to ICP recording in rats is provided to complement the procedure efficiently.

Intracavernosal pressure recording (ICP) is an important method to evaluate the erectile function of experimental animals. Here, a detailed protocol is demonstrated for the recording procedure of ICP by catheterizing the crura penis and then electrically stimulating the cavernous nerves in rats.

齧歯動物で勃起機能評価 Intracavernosal 圧記録

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to attain or keep an erection of the penis, and this has become a prevalent male sexual disorder. ...

生物学

Intracavernous Pressure Recording in a Cavernous Nerve Injury Rat Model

The bilateral cavernous nerve (CN) injury rat model has been extensively used to simulate clinical cavernous nerve injury associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) for evaluating the effect of clinical therapeutic methods. However, the methods of CN injury model construction are flawed and varied in the ED research field. It is CN crush injury that is the most commonly used method in recent years. This study aims to provide a detailed description of the procedure of bilateral CN injury rat model construction and measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) recording, providing a reliable and reproducible CN injury rat model. This work successfully developed the CN injury method of hemostat crush injury using a syringe needle as hard support and a hemostat with a rubber sleeve. Also, this method concludes that a voltage of 1.0 V, frequency of 20 Hz, and pulse-width of 5 ms are the optimized stimulation parameters for ICP recording in a bilateral CN injury rat model.

This protocol describes developing a stable bilateral cavernous nerve injury rat model of radical prostatectomy associated with erectile dysfunction and intracavernous pressure measurement.

海綿神経刺激とラットの海綿静脈洞部の圧力の記録

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

光ファイバ圧力トランスデューサを使用したラットの硬膜外頭蓋内圧測定

ワイヤレス、 In Vivo記録そして自由行動下ラットにおける神経活動の刺激のための双方向インタフェース

腎交感神経活動と意識、持続静脈内投与による血圧の同時記録への新しいアプローチ気ままなマウス。

ラットの慢性移植のための末梢神経刺激電極の調製

生体内でのトランス脊髄直流刺激時の型同定されたラット脊髄モネニューロンの細胞内記録

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

齧歯動物で勃起機能評価 Intracavernosal 圧記録

Intracavernous Pressure Recording in a Cavernous Nerve Injury Rat Model

海綿神経刺激とラットの海綿静脈洞部の圧力の記録

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

光ファイバ圧力トランスデューサを使用したラットの硬膜外頭蓋内圧測定

ワイヤレス、 In Vivo記録そして自由行動下ラットにおける神経活動の刺激のための双方向インタ フェース

腎交感神経活動と意識、持続静脈内投与による血圧の同時記録への新しいアプローチ気ままなマウス。

ラットの慢性移植のための末梢神経刺激電極の調製

生体内でのトランス脊髄直流刺激時の型同定されたラット脊髄モネニューロンの細胞内記録

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

覚醒ラットにおける腹部迷走神経刺激および記録研究のための移植手術

齧歯動物で勃起機能評価 Intracavernosal 圧記録

Intracavernous Pressure Recording in a Cavernous Nerve Injury Rat Model

ワイヤレス、 In Vivo記録そして自由行動下ラットにおける神経活動の刺激のための双方向インタフェース