この作品は、国家自然科学基金の中国 (第 91543117) によって財政的にサポートされています。

注意: 使用前に関連するすべての材料安全データ用紙 (MSDS) を参照してください。ください適切な個人用保護具、例えば白衣、手袋、ゴーグル、フルの長さのズボン、閉じてつま先の靴)。
1 秒システム ソースを設定します。
<ol><li>SESI プロセス、すなわち、に従って Sec システム ソースを設定呼吸ガスをエレクトロ スプレー プルームを交差する導入・帯電液滴 (図 1) でイオン化します。各研究室で構築されたソースは使用する質量分析計24,25のインターフェイスに依存します。ここでは、商業システム ソース (図 2) に基づく秒システム ソースを設定および卓上型四重極 orbitrap 質量分析計に実装します。 注: ソースの本体は立方ステンレス製チャンバー (長さ 25 mm、内径 13 mm) (図 2 b) チャンバー システム キャピラリーに導入する入口 (内径 4 mm) と。したがって、商工会議所はありません (図 2 b) を完全に密封します。</li>
	<li>ガス供給のために部屋のそれぞれの側に 2 つのステンレス鋼チューブ (長さ 8 mm、外径 5 mm、内径 3 mm) をインストールします。</li>
	<li>キャピラリー システムとシステム スプレー目またはデジタル顕微鏡の先端の位置を確認する商工会議所の上下に 2 つの石英ガラス窓 (内径 14 mm) を装備します。</li>
	<li>質量分析器の掃引コーンに商工会議所を溶接します。 注: 個々 の演習で使用する質量分析計の気圧インタ フェースの特定の幾何学によりデザインが異なります。</li>
</ol>2. 計測器の最適化
<ol><li>製造元の指示に従って両方の正と負イオン検出モードで質量分析計を調整します。校正を適用すると、レンズ電位検出条件などの質量パラメーターは、指定した解像度の値で良好な感度とピーク形状を与えるに最適化されています。70000 の質量分解能がここで使用されます。<ol>
<li>商業の ESI ソース; を使用して完全な Q ミニトークショー & サイン会校正を実行します。ただし、カスタマイズされたものも含めて、任意の互換性のあるソースと質量校正が行えます。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>質量分析計 > 100 ° C のイオン転送管 (ITT) の温度を設定します。最高温度は 350 ° C で設定できます、しかしそれ可能性がありますいくつかの化合物の分解。したがって、150 ° C は、この実験で使用されます。 注: 質量分析計は、ITT ではなくサンプリング オリフィスを搭載、サンプリング口の温度はの設定の > 100 ° C</li>
	<li>ESI 溶媒とフロー率溶媒 (例えば極性、ボラティリティ) とターゲット化合物 (例えば、プロトン親和性) の特性に基づく適切な ESI 溶媒を選択します。さまざまな比率でメタノールおよび水の混合物は、ESI 溶剤25として一般的に使用されています。この実験では水を使用して、この溶剤13,19,23高イオン化効率がずっと 0.1% (v/v) ギ酸を含む報告されました。0 から 1.5 の範囲で ESI 溶媒の流量を設定 μ L/分、200 nL/分。 注: ドガ ESI 使用前に 30 分の溶媒。</li>
	<li>秒システム ソース、主にシステム電圧とシステム キャピラリー先端位置のパラメーターを最適化します。電圧一般的範囲 2.0 4.5 kV。使用 2.5 kV ここ。 注記: ESI 電圧の高いフロー率が増加すると適用されます。先端と質量分析器の開口部間の距離は、1 から 5 mm に調整できます。質量スペクトルにみられる正規化輝度レベル (NL)、最適化後 10 x > 1 をする必要があります6総イオン ・ クロマト グラム (TIC) の変化が両方の正と負イオン検出モードで < 10% をする必要があります。質量スペクトルとチックは、 m/z 50 750 の質量範囲で取得されます。</li>
	<li>純粋なガスをソースに適用されます。これは、室内の空気から Voc の影響の低減を目指して、オプションの手順です。高純度窒素 (N299.99%) または純粋な空気を使用することができます。純粋なガスの存在、質量スペクトルにみられる NL は 10 x > 1 をする必要があります5とチックの変化は両方の正と負イオン検出モードで < 10% をする必要があります。高純度 N2はここでは使用、0.8 L/分で配信。 注: 純粋なガスの呼吸ガスの総流量は質量分析計のオリフィス流量よりも高いはずです。</li>
</ol>3. 呼気の測定
<ol><li>室内の空気を吸い込むし、一定の流量で肺内のすべての空気を呼吸する通常の呼気を実行します。呼気流量、圧力計や流量計の件名に表示されるのいずれかを監視します。テフロン (PTFE) チューブを使用すると、呼吸ガス23を提供します。<ol>
<li>チューブ内部の水蒸気の凝縮を防ぐためには、80-100 oC7,23,27の温チューブかナフィオン ドライヤー28,29を使用します。この実験の主題は 0.4 L/分の流量計によって制御される息を吐きました。</li>
		<li>呼気中の水蒸気を削除し、流量計のコンセントを接続ナフィオン チューブ (長さ 60 cm) 流量計の入口を PTFE チューブ (長さ 13 cm、内径 4 mm) に接続します。1 呼気測定 < 30 秒がかかります。</li>
		<li>4-6 レプリケートされた測定28,29を実行します。</li>
		<li>交絡の影響を最小限に抑えるために食べたり、飲んだり、ブラッシング、歯、少なくとも 30 分測定23前から参加者があります。 注: 室内空気中の揮発性有機化合物の影響を最小限に抑えるためにいわれている室内空気26ではなく純粋なガスを吸い込む。ナフィオンは、チューブを使用すると、いくつかの極性化合物が失われます。</li>
		<li>測定中にイオン強度計測器の線形の検出限界を超えるかどうかを確認してください。信号の飽和は、サンプルの化合物から実質的に行われませんアーティファクト ピークにつながります。鼻から息を吸い込んで、VOCs と粒子の一部は削除でしょう。ただし、鼻の通路で化合物を検出ことがありますまた、注目に値するです。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 息指紋および化合物の時間トレースを取得します。
<ol><li>クロマト グラムとマススペクトルを取得します。レコードのクロマト グラムとマススペクトルのソフトウェア (例えば、Xcalibur) を使用します。これは直接 MS 分析とクロマト グラフ分離は行われず、総イオン ・ クロマト グラム (TIC) は、実際に質量スペクトルで検出されるすべての信号の時間トレースを示します、抽出したイオン ・ クロマト グラム (EIC) の時間トレースを示していますので、指定した化合物。 注: その他の商業的質量分析計用クロマト グラムとマススペクトルすることによって対応するデータ集録ソフトウェア。</li>
	<li>呼気を測定する場合、チックのスキャンの数を選択することにより、呼気の指紋を取得します。ソフトウェアによってこれらのスキャンの平均を表す質量スペクトルを取得します。<ol>
<li>息指紋からバック グラウンド ピークを取り除くには、ソフトウェアの減算の背景を使用します。製造元のユーザーズ ガイドを参照してください。簡単に言えば、息のサンプルが生じないときスキャンの同じ数を選択し、息指紋から背景の質量スペクトルを減算します。 注: この方法で息指紋認証の機能を識別するためにしきい値はバック グラウンド信号の標準偏差の 3 倍として定義されます。その他の商業的質量分析計用背景差分は対応するデータ集録ソフトウェアによって実行できます。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>指定された化合物の時間のトレースを取得します。息指紋で対象化合物のピークを選択し、その後ソフトウェアによって化合物の時間のトレースを取得します。</li>
</ol>

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Chinese U. 38 (5), 752-757 (2017).</li></ol>

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商業システムのソースに基づいて秒システム ソースを構築し、イオン化効率は ESI ソース30を使用してのそれより高い。さらに、イオン化効率をさらに改善、密室でそれ分離プロセスとして周囲の空気からと同時に時間を容易にガスのサンプルとスプレー プルームの混合します。秒システムを使用して、以下のパラメーターはインストール、アプリケーションおよびメンテ?...

最新の分析技術の急速な発展と人間の呼気1揮発性有機化合物 (Voc) の何百もを確認されています。これらの Voc 主に起因する肺胞の空気 (健康な大人のための 〜 350 mL) と解剖デッド スペース空気 (~ 150 mL)2、身体代謝3,4,5,6,7 に影響 ,8と環境汚染9、それぞれ。その結果、識別された場合、これらの Voc が非侵襲的な方法で病気の診断や環境曝露のバイオ マーカーとして使用することを約束。
ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析法 (GC/MS) は最も広く使用されている呼気揮発性有機化合物2、リアルタイム呼吸分析のために開発されている、直接の質量分析の定性・定量分析法の利点があります。高時間分解能と簡単なサンプルの事前準備。プロトン移動反応10MS (PTR MS) などの直接の MS 技術選択イオン フロー チューブ MS (ふるいにかける MS)11、二次エレクトロ スプレー イオン化 MS (SESI MS)12,13 (採掘エレクトロ スプレーとして名前も電離 EESI MS14,15MS) トレース大気中のガス分析 (多賀)16とプラズマ イオン化 MS (PI MS)17に提案されている近年。
SESI はユニバーサル ソフト イオン化テクニック19,20,21; としてよく知られている直接の MS のテクニックのすべてそして、ソースは簡単にカスタマイズし、質量分析計、例えば時間の飛行質量分析計8,15の種類別に結合、イオン トラップ質量分析計14そして orbitrap 質量12 ,18。今まで、SESI MS 使用されています22呼吸器疾患の診断に概日リズム3,6,23, 薬物動態7、8を測定し、代謝経路4等を明らかにします。最近、商業 SESI ソースが利用可能になります。
本研究では簡便でコンパクトなセカンダリ nanoelectrospray イオン源 (Sec システム) がセットアップされ、高分解能質量分析計を結合します。呼吸の呼気揮発性有機化合物のリアルタイム測定も行いました。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Ultrapure water</td><td>Merck Millipore, USA</td><td>MPGP04001</td><td>Resistance &gt;18.2 M&amp;Omega;&amp;middot;cm</td></tr><tr><td>Formic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich, USA</td><td>F0507</td><td>Corrosive to the respiratory tract.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen gas</td><td>Guangzhou Shiyuan Gas Co. Ltd., China</td><td>N.A.&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Purity &gt;99.99%</td></tr><tr><td>Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer</td><td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td><td>02634L(S/N)</td><td>Beware of high voltage and high temperature</td></tr><tr><td>NanoESI source</td><td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td><td>ES002373(S/N); ES071(P/N)</td><td>Beware of high voltage and high temperature</td></tr><tr><td>Nano LC pump</td><td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td><td>5041.0010A(P/N)</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>Xcalibur software (Version 3.0)</td><td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td><td>BRE0008596</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>Dino-Lite Digital Microscope</td><td>Tech Video System (SuZhou) Co.Ltd., China</td><td>CQ401833R(S/N)</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>Nafion tubing</td><td>Perma Pure LLC, USA</td><td>ME60</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>PTFE tubing (I.D. 4 mm)</td><td>Dongguan Hongfu Insulating Material Co. Ltd., China</td><td>N.A.</td><td>Beware of the possible loss of polar compounds</td></tr><tr><td>Mass flow controller</td><td>Line-Tech, Korea</td><td>M15122007 (S/N)</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>Flow meter</td><td>Yuyao Industrial Automation Meter Factory, China</td><td>40784</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;N.A.: not available.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

real-time breath analysis by using secondary nanoelectrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry

呼気揮発性有機化合物 (Voc) は、彼らは非侵襲的な方法で病気の診断や環境曝露のバイオ マーカーとして機能するためにかなりの関心を喚起しています。この作品は、二次 nanoelectrospray イオン化結合した高分解能質量分析法 (秒システム人事管理システム) を使用してリアルタイムで呼気中の Voc を特徴付けるためのプロトコルを提案する.自家製秒システム ソース容易に開設さ商業システムのソースで。何百ものピークの呼気のバック グラウンド減算質量スペクトルで観察し、, 質量精度値が-4.0-13.5 ppm と-20.3-1.3 ppm 正と負イオン検出モードでそれぞれ。ピークは、正確な質量と同位体パターンに従って正確な元素組成と割り当てられました。未満 30 s を使用して 1 つの呼気測定と六つのレプリケートされた測定の約 7 分かかります。

図 3は、 m/z 50 750 両方の正と負イオン検出モードの下で記録の質量範囲の息指紋を示します。291 ピーク (ピーク強度 > 5.0x104)、173 の峰 (ピーク強度 > 3.0x104) それぞれ正と負のイオンの検出モードでバック グラウンド減算息指紋で観察されています。質量スペクトルのピークを識別するために詳細12,</sup...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry at JoVE.com

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

高分解能質量分析法の実証に結合する二次 nanoelectrospray イオン化を使用して、リアルタイムで呼気の化学組成を評価するためのプロトコル。

高分解能質量分析に結合された二次 Nanoelectrospray イオン化を用いたリアルタイム呼吸解析

Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have aroused considerable interest, since they can serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and environmental ...

real-time-breath-analysis-using-secondary-nanoelectrospray-ionization

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

8.8K ビュー.  Jinan University. 高分解能質量分析法の実証に結合する二次 nanoelectrospray イオン化を使用して、リアルタイムで呼気の化学組成を評価するためのプロトコル。

ビデオ: Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Here we present a workflow to analyze the metabolic profiles for biological samples of interest including; cells, serum, or tissue. The sample is first separated into polar and non-polar fractions by a liquid-liquid phase extraction, and partially purified to facilitate downstream analysis. Both aqueous (polar metabolites) and organic (non-polar metabolites) phases of the initial extraction are processed to survey a broad range of metabolites. Metabolites are separated by different liquid chromatography methods based upon their partition properties. In this method, we present microflow ultra-performance (UP)LC methods, but the protocol is scalable to higher flows and lower pressures. Introduction into the mass spectrometer can be through either general or compound optimized source conditions. Detection of a broad range of ions is carried out in full scan mode in both positive and negative mode over a broad m/z range using high resolution on a recently calibrated instrument. Label-free differential analysis is carried out on bioinformatics platforms. Applications of this approach include metabolic pathway screening, biomarker discovery, and drug development.

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry UPLC-HRMS

Untargeted metabolomics provides a hypothesis generating snapshot of a metabolic profile. This protocol will demonstrate the extraction and analysis of metabolites from cells, serum, or tissue. A range of metabolites are surveyed using liquid-liquid phase extraction, microflow ultraperformance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) coupled to differential analysis software.

ウルトラパフォーマンス液体クロマトグラフィー - 高分解能質量分析（UPLC-HRMS）を使用した生物源から非標的メタボロミクス

Here we present a workflow to analyze the metabolic profiles for biological samples of interest including; cells, serum, or tissue. The sample is first ...

化学

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) is a method developed for the rapid detection of volatile compounds, without the need for sample pretreatment. The method was first described by Fenn and colleagues1 and has been applied to the detection of illicit drugs2 and explosives3-4, the characterization of skin volatiles5, and the analysis of breath6-7.
SESI ionization occurs by proton transfer reactions between the electrospray solution and the volatile analyte, and is therefore suitable for the analysis of hetero-organic molecules, just as in traditional electrospray ionization (ESI). However, unlike standard ESI, the proton transfer process of SESI occurs in the vapor phase rather than in solution (Fig. 1), and therefore SESI is best suited for detecting organic volatiles and aerosols.
We are expanding the use of SESI-MS to the detection of bacterial volatiles as a method for bacterial identification and characterization8. We have demonstrated that SESI-MS volatile fingerprinting, combined with a statistical analysis method, can be used to differentiate bacterial genera, species, and mixed cultures in a variety of growth media.8 Here we provide the steps for obtaining bacterial volatile fingerprints using SESI-MS, including the instrumental parameters that should be optimized to ensure robust bacterial identification and characterization.

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SESI-MS

Secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) enables the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) without the need for any sample pretreatment. This protocol provides instructions for the rapid (within minutes) characterization of bacterial VOCs using SESI-MS.

二次エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析法（SESI - MS）を用いて細菌揮発性物質の特性評価

Secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) is a method developed for the rapid detection of volatile compounds, without the need for ...

生物工学

PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis

Proton Transfer Reaction (PTR), combined with a Time-of-Flight (ToF) Mass Spectrometer (MS) is an analytical approach based on chemical ionization that belongs to the Direct-Injection Mass Spectrometric (DIMS) technologies. These techniques allow the rapid determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), assuring high sensitivity and accuracy. In general, PTR-MS requires neither sample preparation nor sample destruction, allowing real time and non-invasive analysis of samples. PTR-MS are exploited in many fields, from environmental and atmospheric chemistry to medical and biological sciences. More recently, we developed a methodology based on coupling PTR-ToF-MS with an automated sampler and tailored data analysis tools, to increase the degree of automation and, consequently, to enhance the potential of the technique. This approach allowed us to monitor bioprocesses (e.g. enzymatic oxidation, alcoholic fermentation), to screen large sample sets (e.g. different origins, entire germoplasms) and to analyze several experimental modes (e.g. different concentrations of a given ingredient, different intensities of a specific technological parameter) in terms of VOC content. Here, we report the experimental protocols exemplifying different possible applications of our methodology: i.e. the detection of VOCs released during lactic acid fermentation of yogurt (on-line bioprocess monitoring), the monitoring of VOCs associated with different apple cultivars (large-scale screening), and the in vivo study of retronasal VOC release during coffee drinking (nosespace analysis).

Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry allows high-sensitivity, rapid and non-invasive analysis of volatile organic compounds. To demonstrate its potential, we give three examples: lactic acid fermentation of yogurt (on-line bioprocess monitoring), different apple genotypes (large-scale screening), and retronasal space after drinking coffee (nosespace analysis).

自動サンプリングシステムと連携したPTR-ToF-MSおよび食品研究用のカスタマイズされたデータ解析：バイオプロセスモニタリング、スクリーニングおよびノー​​ズスペース分析

Proton Transfer Reaction (PTR), combined with a Time-of-Flight (ToF) Mass Spectrometer (MS) is an analytical approach based on chemical ionization that ...

Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues

Plants produce thousands of small molecules that are diverse in their chemical properties. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for analyzing plant metabolites because it provides molecular weights with high sensitivity and specificity. Leaf spray MS is an ambient ionization technique where plant tissue is used for direct chemical analysis via electrospray, eliminating chromatography from the process. This approach to sampling metabolites allows for a wide range of chemical classes to be detected simultaneously from intact plant tissues, minimizing the amount of sample preparation needed. When used with a high-resolution, accurate mass MS, leaf spray MS facilitates the rapid detection of metabolites of interest. It is also possible to collect tandem mass fragmentation data with this technique to facilitate a compound identification. The combination of accurate mass measurements and fragmentation is beneficial in confirming compound identities. The leaf spray MS technique requires only minor modifications to a nanospray ionization source and is a useful tool to further expand the capabilities of a mass spectrometer. Here, fresh leaf tissue from Sceletium tortuosum (Aizoaceae), a traditional medicinal plant from South Africa, is analyzed; numerous mesembrine alkaloids are detected with leaf spray MS.

Leaf spray mass spectrometry is a direct chemical analysis technique that minimizes the sample preparation and eliminates chromatography, allowing for the rapid detection of small molecules from plant tissues.

リーフ スプレー質量分析: 植物組織由来の代謝産物を直接評価するの急速な周囲のイオン化法

Plants produce thousands of small molecules that are diverse in their chemical properties. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for analyzing ...

生化学

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to the gas phase, and efficiently transferred to a detection system. Fizzy extraction takes advantage of the effervescence phenomenon. First, a carrier gas (here, carbon dioxide) is dissolved in the sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. Second, the sample chamber is decompressed abruptly. Decompression leads to the formation of numerous carrier gas bubbles in the sample liquid. These bubbles assist the release of the dissolved analyte species from the liquid to the gas phase. The released analytes are immediately transferred to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ionizable analyte species give rise to mass spectrometric signals in the time domain. Because the release of the analyte species occurs over short periods of time (a few seconds), the temporal signals have high amplitudes and high signal-to-noise ratios. The amplitudes and areas of the temporal peaks can then be correlated with concentrations of the analytes in the liquid samples subjected to fizzy extraction, which enables quantitative analysis. The advantages of fizzy extraction include: simplicity, speed, and limited use of chemicals (solvents).

Fizzy extraction is a new laboratory technique for analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds. A carrier gas is dissolved in the liquid sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. The sample chamber is then decompressed. The analyte species are liberated to the gas phase due to effervescence.

大気圧化学イオン化四重極質量分析法と組み合わせた揮発性有機化合物の大気抽出

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to ...

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in analytical chemistry because it provides very accurate information about molecules, such as mass-to-charge ratios (m/z), which are useful to deduce molecular weights and structures. While it is essentially a destructive analytical method, recent advancements in the ambient ionization technique have enabled us to acquire data while leaving tissue in a relatively intact state in terms of integrity. Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a so-called direct method because it does not require complex and time-consuming pretreatment of samples. A fine needle serves as a sample picker, as well as an ionization emitter. Based on the very sharp and fine property of the probe tip, destruction of the samples is minimal, allowing us to acquire the real-time molecular information from living things in situ. Herein, we introduce three applications of PESI-MS technique that will be useful for biomedical research and development. One involves the application to solid tissue, which is the basic application of this technique for the medical diagnosis. As this technique requires only 10 mg of the sample, it may be very useful in the routine clinical settings. The second application is for in vitro medical diagnostics where human blood serum is measured. The ability to measure fluid samples is also valuable in various biological experiments where a sufficient volume of sample for conventional analytical techniques cannot be provided. The third application leans toward the direct application of probe needles in living animals, where we can obtain real-time dynamics of metabolites or drugs in specific organs. In each application, we can infer the molecules that have been detected by MS or use artificial intelligence to obtain a medical diagnosis.

This article introduces sample preparation methods for a unique real-time analytical method based on the ambient mass spectrometry. This method lets us perform real-time analysis of the biological molecules in vivo without any special pretreatments.

プローブエレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析のためのサンプル調製

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in analytical chemistry because it provides very accurate information about molecules, such as mass-to-charge ...

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Breath collection and analysis can be used to discover volatile biomarkers in a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and liver disease. This protocol describes a reproducible method for sampling breath in children and then stabilizing breath samples for further analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The goal of this method is to establish a standardized protocol for the acquisition of breath samples for further chemical analysis, from children aged 4-15 years. First, breath is sampled using a cardboard mouthpiece attached to a 2-way valve, which is connected to a 3 L bag. Breath analytes are then transferred to a thermal desorption tube and stored at 4-5 &#176;C until analysis. This technique has been previously used to capture breath of children with malaria for successful breath biomarker identification. Subsequently, we have successfully applied this technique to additional pediatric cohorts. The advantage of this method is that it requires minimal cooperation on part of the patient (of particular value in pediatric populations), has a short collection period, does not require trained staff, and can be performed with portable equipment in resource-limited field settings.

This protocol describes a simple method for the acquisition of breath samples from children. Briefly, samples of mixed air are pre-concentrated in sorbent tubes prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Breath biomarkers of infectious and non-infectious diseases can be identified using this breath collection method.

疾患バイオ マーカーの探索のための子供から息コレクション

Breath collection and analysis can be used to discover volatile biomarkers in a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as malaria, ...

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

This exhaled breath ammonia method uses a fast and highly sensitive spectroscopic method known as quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) that uses a quantum cascade based laser. The monitor is coupled to a sampler that measures mouth pressure and carbon dioxide. The system is temperature controlled and specifically designed to address the reactivity of this compound. The sampler provides immediate feedback to the subject and the technician on the quality of the breath effort. Together with the quick response time of the monitor, this system is capable of accurately measuring exhaled breath ammonia representative of deep lung systemic levels. 
Because the system is easy to use and produces real time results, it has enabled experiments to identify factors that influence measurements. For example, mouth rinse and oral pH reproducibly and significantly affect results and therefore must be controlled. Temperature and mode of breathing are other examples. As our understanding of these factors evolves, error is reduced, and clinical studies become more meaningful. This system is very reliable and individual measurements are inexpensive. 
The sampler is relatively inexpensive and quite portable, but the monitor is neither. This limits options for some clinical studies and provides rational for future innovations.

Ammonia is an important physiologic metabolite relevant to various disease and wellness states. It is also a difficult molecule to measure in breath, which demands particular precautions be taken to obtain accurate results. Not all factors influencing ammonia are known, but progress can be difficult without accounting for these factors.

高速かつ正確な呼気アンモニア測定

This exhaled breath ammonia method uses a fast and highly sensitive spectroscopic method known as quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) that ...

医学

Versatile Dual-Inlet Sample Introduction System for Multi-Mode Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Validation

Metal-containing nanoparticles (NP) can be characterized with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP-MS) in terms of their size and number concentration by using the single-particle mode of the instrument (spICP-MS). The accuracy of measurement depends on the setup, operational conditions of the instrument and specific parameters that are set by the user. The transport efficiency of the ICP-MS is crucial for the quantification of the NP and usually requires a reference material with homogenous size distribution and a known particle number concentration.
Currently, NP reference materials are available for only a few metals and in limited sizes. If particles are characterized without a reference standard, the results of both size and particle number may be biased. Therefore, a dual-inlet setup for characterizing nanoparticles with spICP-MS was developed to overcome this problem. This setup is based on a conventional introduction system consisting of a pneumatic nebulizer (PN) for nanoparticle solutions and a microdroplet generator (&#181;DG) for ionic calibration solutions. A new and flexible interface was developed to facilitate the coupling of &#181;DG, PN and the ICP-MS system. The interface consists of available laboratory components and allows for the calibration, nanoparticle (NP) characterization and cleaning of the arrangement, while the ICP-MS instrument is still running.
Three independent analysis modes are available for determining particle size and number concentration. Each mode is based on a different calibration principle. While mode I (counting) and mode III (&#181;DG) are known from the literature, mode II (sensitivity), is used to determine the transport efficiency by inorganic ionic standard solutions only. It is independent of NP reference materials. The &#181;DG based inlet system described here guarantees superior analyte sensitivities and, therefore, lower detection limits (LOD). The size dependent LODs achieved are less than 15 nm for all NP (Au, Ag, CeO2) investigated.

Here we provide a protocol for the use of a dual-inlet system for single particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry which allows for a standard independent nanoparticle characterization.

Metal-containing nanoparticles (NP) can be characterized with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP-MS) in terms of their size and number ...

Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry

Ambient ionization methods in mass spectrometry allow analytical investigations to be performed directly on a tissue or biofilm under native-like experimental conditions. Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) is one such development and is particularly well-suited for the investigation of water-containing specimens. LAESI utilizes a mid-infrared laser beam (2.94 &mu;m wavelength) to excite the water molecules of the sample. When the ablation fluence threshold is exceeded, the sample material is expelled in the form of particulate matter and these projectiles travel to tens of millimeters above the sample surface. In LAESI, this ablation plume is intercepted by highly charged droplets to capture a fraction of the ejected sample material and convert its chemical constituents into gas-phase ions. A mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric-pressure ion source interface is employed to analyze and record the composition of the released ions originating from the probed area (pixel) of the sample. A systematic interrogation over an array of pixels opens a way for molecular imaging in the microprobe analysis mode. A unique aspect of LAESI mass spectrometric imaging is depth profiling that, in combination with lateral imaging, enables three-dimensional (3D) molecular imaging. With current lateral and depth resolutions of ~100 &mu;m and ~40 &mu;m, respectively, LAESI mass spectrometric imaging helps to explore the molecular structure of biological tissues. Herein, we review the major elements of a LAESI system and provide guidelines for a successful imaging experiment.

Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) is an atmospheric-pressure ion source for mass spectrometry. In the imaging mode, a mid-infrared laser probes the distributions of molecules across a tissue section or a biofilm. This technique presents a new approach for diverse bioanalytical studies carried out under native experimental conditions.

高分解能質量分析に結合された二次 Nanoelectrospray イオン化を用いたリアルタイム呼吸解析

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ウルトラパフォーマンス液体クロマトグラフィー - 高分解能質量分析（UPLC-HRMS）を使用した生物源から非標的メタボロミクス

二次エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析法（SESI - MS）を用いて細菌揮発性物質の特性評価

自動サンプリングシステムと連携したPTR-ToF-MSおよび食品研究用のカスタマイズされたデータ解析：バイオプロセスモニタリング、スクリーニングおよびノーズスペース分析

リーフスプレー質量分析: 植物組織由来の代謝産物を直接評価するの急速な周囲のイオン化法

大気圧化学イオン化四重極質量分析法と組み合わせた揮発性有機化合物の大気抽出

プローブエレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析のためのサンプル調製

疾患バイオマーカーの探索のための子供から息コレクション

高速かつ正確な呼気アンモニア測定

Versatile Dual-Inlet Sample Introduction System for Multi-Mode Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Validation

LAESI質量分析による生体組織とバイオフィルムの大気圧分子イメージング

高分解能質量分析に結合された二次 Nanoelectrospray イオン化を用いたリアルタイム呼吸解析

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ウルトラパフォーマンス液体クロマトグラフィー - 高分解能質量分析（UPLC-HRMS）を使用した生物源から非標的メタボロミクス

二次エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析法（SESI - MS）を用いて細菌揮発性物質の特性評価

自動サンプリングシステムと連携したPTR-ToF-MSおよび食品研究用のカスタマイズされたデータ解析：バイオプロセスモニタリング、スクリーニングおよびノー​​ズスペース分析

リーフ スプレー質量分析: 植物組織由来の代謝産物を直接評価するの急速な周囲のイオン化法

大気圧化学イオン化四重極質量分析法と組み合わせた揮発性有機化合物の大気抽出

プローブエレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析のためのサンプル調製

疾患バイオ マーカーの探索のための子供から息コレクション

高速かつ正確な呼気アンモニア測定

Versatile Dual-Inlet Sample Introduction System for Multi-Mode Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Validation

LAESI質量分析による生体組織とバイオフィルムの大気圧分子イメージング

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