Name: operation of a 25 kwth calcium looping pilot-plant with high oxygen concentrations in the calciner
Uploaded: 2017-10-25T13:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner at JoVE.com

これらの結果につながる研究は、石炭のための欧州共同体の研究基金からの資金を受けているし、鋼 (RFC) の下で付与契約 n ° RFCR-CT-2014-00007 は。この作品は、呼び出す 2 プロジェクトの一環として英国炭素キャプチャおよびストレージ研究センター (UKCCSRC) によって賄われていた。部門、エネルギー、産業戦略から追加の資金との研究協議会の英国エネルギー プログラムの一環として UKCCSRC 工学・物理科学研究会議 (EPSRC) 支えられて (BEIS - 旧エネルギー)。著者も感謝したい氏マーティン Roskilly この作品のコースを通して彼の巨大な助け。

1。 材料準備 <ol><li>ふるい目的粒度分布 (300-400 μ m または実験によって他のディストリビューション) に石灰岩 (原料の ~ 50 kg) 機械的シェーカーを使用。テスト中に供給するため、calciner の横にある鉢にふるわれた材料を置く</li>
	<li>は、バッチ反応器に導入されるために材料を準備します。バッチは、一般的に 0.5 L、1 L (石灰岩の 1 L が約 1.5 kg である)、動作パラメーターによって異なりますこれが</li>。
</ol> 2。スタートアップ プロシージャ 注意: 非常に高温がここに実現します。眼鏡、手袋などの適切な PPE 研究室コートと安全靴が必要。
<ol><li>原子炉の熱を <ol><li>、rotameters のループ シール (10l/分) だけでなく、N 2 カーボ (60 L/分) と calciner (20 L/分) の低流量を開始</li>。
		<li>は、カーボ トランスフォーマーを手動でオンに。カーボのすべて電気予熱器の温度設定 600 ° C</li>
		<li>は、データ集録を開始 (ガスの温度と圧力は、録音のボタンを使用、ソフトウェア)。データは、温度、圧力および両方のリアクターのガス組成に含まれます。 図 1 と 図 2 は、データ集録システムのスクリーン ショットが表示されます</li>。
		<li>、Calciner オン ガス予熱器。熱電対による BFB 内部測定 600 ° c calciner のまわりでヒーターをオンにします 。
		注: データのとおり既に温度、圧力、ガス組成を集録するようにステップ 2.1.3</li>。
		<li>は、calciner の BFB にふるわれた石灰岩の 3 L を入れてください。最初トップのバルブを開き、ダウン パイプの材料を紹介し、トップ バルブを閉じて、材料は、炉に流し込まれるように底弁を開く</li>。
		<li>の加熱 650 ° C の上に BFB の材料、calciner 周り電気ヒーター). 
		注: これは通常かかる ~ 1 h、この時間のチェック中にデータ集録および流動層の圧力します</li>。
	</ol></li></ol> <img alt="Figure 1"class="xfigimg"src="/files/ftp_upload/56112/56112fig1.jpg"/> 図 1: 温度および圧力のデータ集録のスクリーン ショット両方炉。<a href="//ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56112/56112fig1large.jpg"target="_blank"> この図の拡大版を表示するのにはここをクリックしてください</a>。
 <img alt="Figure 2"class="xfigimg"src="/files/ftp_upload/56112/56112fig2.jpg"/> 図 2: 温度データ集録を予熱システムのスクリーン ショットします。<a href="//ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56112/56112fig2large.jpg"target="_blank"> この図の拡大版を表示するのにはここをクリックしてください</a>。
 <img alt="Figure 3"class="xfigimg"src="/files/ftp_upload/56112/56112fig3.jpg"/> 図 3: 25 のスケマティック kW 回 CaL (CFB カーボと BFB calciner).1: カーボ;2: calciner;3: 低いループ シール;4: 上部のループ-シール;5: カーボ サイクロン;6: calciner サイクロン。<a href="//ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56112/56112fig3large.jpg"target="_blank"> この図の拡大版を表示するのにはここをクリックしてください</a>。
<ol start="2"> <li>calciner で燃焼を開始 <ol><li>濃度が燃焼を開始する前に安定しているかどうかを確かめる 40% 集に 0 から calciner の酸素濃度を高める</li>。
		<li>は、燃焼が安定しているかどうかを確かめる浮子式流量計を使用して手動で天然ガスの化学量論の流れを開始します 。
		注意: 天然ガスの流れを慎重に増加する必要があります。燃焼反応の適切なレベルを示すデータを確認してください</li>。
		<li>は、理論空燃比燃焼を確保するため天然ガス流れ浮子式流量計を調整することによって 20% 巻ずつ calciner の酸素濃度を高める 。
		注: このプロセスは、細心の注意を実行する必要があります。予備的な計算から予想されるように燃焼が行われていないこと任意の疑いが生じた場合は、天然ガスの流れを停止し、安全な操作のための窒素に酸素の流れを切り替えます。この不一致の原因を特定します。このプロセスの全体の期間は、約 1 時間</li>
		<li>達成 100% 酸素濃度天然ガス燃焼します 。
		注: 温度、ガス組成データ従う必要があります慎重にすべてのテストの全体で、特にとき燃焼が行われて 100% 酸素で</li>。
		<li>0.5 L ずつ流動層である 7 L まで追加石灰岩。(推定の焼成温度は、800-850 ° C、calciner で calciner 温度以下のバッチの現在のバッチ) calciner の流動層のすべての材料をカルサインします</li>。
		<li>は、循環を開始するカーボで N 2 の流れを高めます。適切な循環を確保するために定期的に循環ビュー ポートを確認してください</li>。
		<li>CO 2 のキャプチャを開始する前に、リグの循環利用可能な石灰岩をカルサインします</li>。
	</ol></li></ol> 3。安定動作 <ol><li>N 2 から 15% 体積 CO 2 CO 2 をキャプチャを開始する焼成石灰石ができる浮子式流量計を使用してへの中性ガスを手動で切り替える</li>。
	<li>は、天然ガス (NG) や酸素 (最適な流動政権) 内の流れを調整することによって、calciner で安定した 930-950 ° C の温度を達成するために、rotameters を使用して手動で calciner のフローを調整します。O 2 の流れは通常、十分なベッドの材料と 100% がそれが実験を通じて調整されます</li>。
	<li>材料の起動時 (上記 5 %2.1.3 の手順で説明するよう、ソフトウェアによって継続的に得られるカーボの出口で CO 2 の濃度) の活動の減少より多くの石灰岩を追加します</li>。
</ol> 4。シャット ダウン プロシージャ <ol><li>手動でオフに、浮子式流量計を用いた天然ガス流と酸素量の減少し、N 2 を両方の炉でガスを切り替えます。(Calciner とカーボ) すべてのヒーターをオフにします</li>。
	<li>(通常夜間)、減少するリグの在庫の温度し、室内の温度では、原子炉を空します</li>。
	<li>抽出した固形物の重量を量るし、標準ふるい分析を実行します。材料を特徴付ける: ポロシ メーター、組成 (x 線蛍光分析法、蛍光 x 線分析) 21 , 22 と微視的構造 (走査電子顕微鏡、SEM).</li>
</ol>

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著者が明らかに何もありません。

100% 集酸素の入口と、calciner の操作が実現可能な固形物を異なる温度で 2 つの原子炉の循環という事実と同様、焼成反応の吸熱の性質を利用します。この動作モードを目指して CaL プロセスより経済的に有望な資本の削減と運用コスト。煙道のリサイクルとしてガス (主に CO2水蒸気と未反応の O2) の減額あるいは免除、このストリームを予熱する消費熱が低い。したがってより...

CO2排出量、結果地球温暖化は、過去数年間の研究の大規模な量を集めている環境問題は重要です。炭素回収・貯留 (CCS) は、大気1,2に CO2排出量の削減のための潜在的な技術として認められています。CCS チェーンの最も困難な部分は、また最も高価なステージ3である CO2のキャプチャです。その結果、発電所と他の産業設備から CO2のキャプチャのための新しい技術の開発に焦点があった。
CaL 燃焼後 CO2回収技術として初めて清水らによって提案されました。4曹操ベースで CO2をキャプチャで吸着剤 850-950 ° c (で、calciner) の式 (1)、高純度 CO2ストリームを生成するのによるとその後の焼成によってされ、カーボと呼ばれる原子炉で 600-700 ° C隔離5,6に適しています。CaL サイクル utilises 大量固体の他4,5,6 1 つの原子炉から簡単に流布されるようにできるので、このプロセスに最適な構成を表す流動ベッド,7,8。
曹操 (s) + CO2 (g) ⇔ CaCO3 (s) ΔH25 ° C =-178.2 kJ/mol (1)
この概念は、パイロット スケールさまざまなグループと異なる構成とスケール、シュトゥットガルト、ダルムシュタット,ラ ペレーダの 1.7 MWthパイロットで 1 MWthパイロットの 0.2 MWthパイロットなどで実証されています。台湾9,10、11,12,13,14,15,161.9 MWthユニット。このプロセスは証明されて、まだよう標準動作条件や原子炉構成の設計の変更を変更することにより、熱効率を増加のための可能性があります。
燃焼器と calciner のヒートパイプの使用は、calciner で酸素燃焼燃料の代わりに研究されています。CO2のキャプチャのパフォーマンスの結果は、従来 CaL のプラントに匹敵するレベル、しかし、このプロセスは植物に高い効率と低 CO2回避コスト17。マルティネスら18は、入力、calciner 固体材料を予熱するためと、calciner で必要な熱を抑える熱統合の可能性を検討した.結果は、石炭消費量の標準のケースと比較すると 9% の減少を示した。熱統合の他の研究の可能性は、内部および外部の統合オプション19も検討しています。
ビューの経済的観点から CaL サイクルの主な問題の 1 つは燃料燃焼20による、calciner で必要なエネルギーを供給します。Calciner の吸気中の酸素濃度の増加を減らすか、calciner に CO2リサイクルの必要性を回避するために提案します。この代替には、このプロセスの競争力を大幅に改善することができます資本コスト (calciner と空気分離装置 (ASU) の減らされたサイズ) が削減されます。燃焼条件の急激な変化は吸熱焼成反応、低温動作カーボから循環大曹/CaCO3流を利用することで達成できる (どちらの利点は、酸素燃焼技術)。
この作品は、循環流動ベッド (CFB) カーボと 100% O2 calciner の入口濃度とバブリング流動ベッド (BFB) calciner CaL パイロット プラントを実行するための標準作業手順の開発を目指しています。酸素として適正な運営を確保するためのパイロット プラントの試運転中にいくつかの実験的キャンペーンを実行されている濃度の上昇します。また、微粒子の飛びだし速度を測定に影響を与えるこのパラメーターを調査し、この動作モードで効率をキャプチャ 3 石灰石粒度分布 (100-200 μ m; 200-300 μ m、300-400 μ m) を調べた。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Longcal limestone</td><td>Loncliffe</td><td>Longcal SP52</td><td>n/a</td></tr><tr><td>Mechanical Shaker</td><td>SWECO</td><td>LS24S544+C</td><td>Mechanical siever to separate particles</td></tr><tr><td>Oxygen</td><td>BOC</td><td>n/a</td><td>BOC cylinders</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen</td><td>BOC</td><td>n/a</td><td>BOC tank</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon dioxide</td><td>BOC</td><td>n/a</td><td>BOC tank</td></tr><tr><td>Natural gas</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>Taken from the line</td></tr></tbody></table>

operation of a 25 kwth calcium looping pilot-plant with high oxygen concentrations in the calciner

カルシウム (CaL) をループは、既存発電施設の改修に適した燃焼後 CO2回収技術です。校正プロセスは、安価で容易に入手できる CO2吸着剤として石灰岩を使用します。技術は広く研究されているより経済的に実行可能なことに適用できるいくつかの利用可能なオプションがあります。これらの 1 つはリサイクルのガス (CO2H2O および不純物) の量の除去を減らしたり calciner の酸素濃度を高めるにはしたがって、減少またはリサイクルのガス流の加熱に必要なエネルギーを除去します。また、ある; 燃焼強度の変更に伴うエネルギー入力の結果増加このエネルギーを使用して、リサイクル排ガスの有無で発生する吸熱焼成反応を有効にします。本稿で操作および CaL のパイロット プラントの最初の結果、calciner で天然ガスの 100% 酸素燃焼。カーボに入ってくるガスは、石炭火力発電所やセメント産業からシミュレートされた排ガスをだった。いくつかの石灰岩の粒径分布は、この動作モードの全体的なパフォーマンスにこのパラメーターの効果をさらに探索するもテストされます。原子炉システム、運用手順、結果の構成は、本稿で詳細に説明します。原子炉は、流体力学的安定性の良い、安定した CO2キャプチャ、キャプチャ効率の石炭火力発電所の排ガスをシミュレートする混合ガスを 70% を示した。

実験のセットアップを図 3に示します。植物には、2 つ相互に連結された流動ベッドが装備されています。すなわち、カーボは高さ 4.3 m と 0.1 m 内径 (ID); CFB です。一方、calciner が ID で 0.165 m、1.2 m の高さの BFB他に 1 つの原子炉から固体の輸送は、2 ループ シール窒素流動によって制御されます。両方のリアクターが予熱回線を通じてガスの混合?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner at JoVE.com

Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner

25 KW回カルシウム ループ パイロット-を持つ植物、Calciner で高酸素濃度の操作

この原稿では、削減または煙道ガスのごみを排除するために calciner で高酸素濃度と燃焼後の炭素キャプチャ用パイロット プラントをループ カルシウムを操作するための手順について説明します。

Calcium looping (CaL) is a post-combustion CO2 capture technology that is suitable for retrofitting existing power plants. The CaL process uses limestone ...

operation-25-kwth-calcium-looping-pilot-plant-with-high-oxygen

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner

7.8K ビュー.  Cranfield University. この原稿では、削減または煙道ガスのごみを排除するために calciner で高酸素濃度と燃焼後の炭素キャプチャ用パイロット プラントをループ カルシウムを操作するための手順について説明します。

ビデオ: Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant yet underutilized renewable energy resources. Both anaerobic digestion (AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are promising technologies for bioenergy production from biomass in terms of biogas and HTC biochar, respectively. In this study, the combination of AD and HTC is proposed to increase overall bioenergy production. Wheat straw was anaerobically digested in a novel upflow anaerobic solid state reactor (UASS) in both mesophilic (37 &#176;C) and thermophilic (55 &#176;C) conditions. Wet digested from thermophilic AD was hydrothermally carbonized at 230 &#176;C for 6 hr for HTC biochar production. At thermophilic temperature, the UASS system yields an average of 165 LCH4/kgVS&#160;(VS: volatile solids) and 121 L CH4/kgVS&#160;at mesophilic AD over the continuous operation of 200 days. Meanwhile, 43.4 g of HTC biochar with 29.6 MJ/kgdry_biochar was obtained from HTC of 1 kg digestate (dry basis) from mesophilic AD. The combination of AD and HTC, in this particular set of experiment yield 13.2 MJ of energy per 1 kg of dry wheat straw, which is at least 20% higher than HTC alone and 60.2% higher than AD only.

A novel Upflow Anaerobic Solid State (UASS) reactor was used for biogas production from fibrous feedstock. Digestate from UASS reactor was hydrothermally carbonized into HTC biochar in a pressurized batch reactor. The integration of the two bioenergy concepts was applied in this study to increase overall bioenergy production.

バイオエネルギー生産のための統合された嫌気性消化と水熱炭化の評価

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant yet underutilized renewable energy resources. Both anaerobic digestion (AD) and hydrothermal ...

環境学

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Underground storage permanence is a major concern for carbon capture and storage. Pumping CO2 into carbonate reservoirs has the potential to dissolve geologic seals and allow CO2 to escape. However, the dissolution processes at reservoir conditions are poorly understood. Thus, time-resolved experiments are needed to observe and predict the nature and rate of dissolution at the pore scale. Synchrotron fast tomography is a method of taking high-resolution time-resolved images of complex pore structures much more quickly than traditional &#181;-CT. The Diamond Lightsource Pink Beam was used to dynamically image dissolution of limestone in the presence of CO2-saturated brine at reservoir conditions. 100 scans were taken at a 6.1 &#181;m resolution over a period of 2 hours. The images were segmented and the porosity and permeability were measured using image analysis and network extraction. Porosity increased uniformly along the length of the sample; however, the rate of increase of both porosity and permeability slowed at later times.

Synchrotron fast tomography was used to dynamically image dissolution of limestone in the presence of CO2-saturated brine at reservoir conditions. 100 scans were taken at a 6.1 &#181;m resolution over a period of 2 h.

シンクロトロン高速断層撮影法を使用した炭酸における反応の動的細孔スケール貯水池条件イメージング

Underground storage permanence is a major concern for carbon capture and storage. Pumping CO2 into carbonate reservoirs has the potential to dissolve ...

工学

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion

The work is based on a reported study which investigates the processability of canola oil (bio-feed) in the presence of bitumen-derived heavy gas oil (HGO) for production of transportation fuels through a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) route. Cracking experiments are performed with a fully automated reaction unit at a fixed weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 8 hr-1, 490-530 &#176;C, and catalyst/oil ratios of 4-12 g/g. When a feed is in contact with catalyst in the fluid-bed reactor, cracking takes place generating gaseous, liquid, and solid products. The vapor produced is condensed and collected in a liquid receiver at -15 &#176;C. The non-condensable effluent is first directed to a vessel and is sent, after homogenization, to an on-line gas chromatograph (GC) for refinery gas analysis. The coke deposited on the catalyst is determined in situ by burning the spent catalyst in air at high temperatures. Levels of CO2 are measured quantitatively via an infrared (IR) cell, and are converted to coke yield. Liquid samples in the receivers are analyzed by GC for simulated distillation to determine the amounts in different boiling ranges, i.e., IBP-221 &#176;C (gasoline), 221-343 &#176;C (light cycle oil), and 343 &#176;C+ (heavy cycle oil). Cracking of a feed containing canola oil generates water, which appears at the bottom of a liquid receiver and on its inner wall. Recovery of water on the wall is achieved through washing with methanol followed by Karl Fischer titration for water content. Basic results reported include conversion (the portion of the feed converted to gas and liquid product with a boiling point below 221 &#176;C, coke, and water, if present) and yields of dry gas (H2-C2's, CO, and CO2), liquefied petroleum gas (C3-C4), gasoline, light cycle oil, heavy cycle oil, coke, and water, if present.

This paper presents an experimental method to produce biofuels and biochemicals from canola oil mixed with a fossil-based feed in the presence of a catalyst at mild temperatures. Gaseous, liquid, and solid products from a reaction unit are quantified and characterized. Conversion and individual product yields are calculated and reported.

接触分解変換により菜種油からバイオ燃料および生化学の研究室の生産

The work is based on a reported study which investigates the processability of canola oil (bio-feed) in the presence of bitumen-derived heavy gas oil ...

化学

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

Temperature programmed reaction (TPRxn) is a simple yet powerful tool for screening solid catalyst performance at a variety of conditions. A TPRxn system includes a reactor, furnace, gas and vapor sources, flow control, instrumentation to quantify reaction products (e.g., gas chromatograph), and instrumentation to monitor the reaction in real time (e.g., mass spectrometer). Here, we apply the TPRxn methodology to study molybdenum carbide catalysts for the deoxygenation of acetic acid, an important reaction among many in the upgrading/stabilization of biomass pyrolysis vapors. TPRxn is used to evaluate catalyst activity and selectivity and to test hypothetical reaction pathways (e.g., decarbonylation, ketonization, and hydrogenation). The results of the TPRxn study of acetic acid deoxygenation show that molybdenum carbide is an active catalyst for this reaction at temperatures above ca. 300 &#176;C and that the reaction favors deoxygenation (i.e., C-O bond-breaking) products at temperatures below ca. 400 &#176;C and decarbonylation (i.e., C-C bond-breaking) products at temperatures above ca. 400 &#176;C.

Presented here is a protocol for the operation of a micro-scale temperature-programmed reactor for evaluating the catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide during acetic acid deoxygenation.

モリブデンカーバイド触媒上の酢酸の昇温脱酸素化

Temperature programmed reaction (TPRxn) is a simple yet powerful tool for screening solid catalyst performance at a variety of conditions. A TPRxn system ...

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

The aim of this work is to present a zero-waste process for storing CO2 in a stable and benign mineral form while producing zeolitic minerals with sufficient heavy metal adsorption capacity. To this end, blast furnace slag, a residue from iron-making, is utilized as the starting material. Calcium is selectively extracted from the slag by leaching with acetic acid (2 M CH3COOH) as the extraction agent. The filtered leachate is subsequently physico-chemically purified and then carbonated to form precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) of high purity (&lt;2 wt% non-calcium impurities, according to ICP-MS analysis). Sodium hydroxide is added to neutralize the regenerated acetate. The morphological properties of the resulting calcitic PCC are tuned for its potential application as a filler in papermaking. In parallel, the residual solids from the extraction stage are subjected to hydrothermal conversion in a caustic solution (2 M NaOH) that leads to the predominant formation of a particular zeolitic mineral phase (detected by XRD), namely analcime (NaAlSi2O6&#8729;H2O). Based on its ability to adsorb Ni2+, as reported from batch adsorption experiments and ICP-OES analysis, this product can potentially be used in wastewater treatment or for environmental remediation applications.

A protocol for the parallel production of precipitated calcium carbonate and zeolitic material from blast furnace slag via mineral carbonation and alkaline hydrothermal conversion, respectively, is presented. The performance of the zeolitic material towards nickel adsorption is tested.

高炉スラグの双方向の物価安定政策：沈殿した炭酸カルシウムおよびゼオライト重金属吸着剤の合成

The aim of this work is to present a zero-waste process for storing CO2 in a stable and benign mineral form while producing zeolitic minerals with ...

Microalgae Cultivation and Biomass Quantification in a Bench-Scale Photobioreactor with Corrosive Flue Gases

Photobioreactors are illuminated cultivation systems for experiments on phototrophic microorganisms. These systems provide a sterile environment for microalgal cultivation with temperature, pH, and gas composition and flow rate control. At bench-scale, photobioreactors are advantageous to researchers studying microalgal properties, productivity, and growth optimization. At industrial scales, photobioreactors can maintain product purity and improve production efficiency. The video describes the preparation and use of a bench-scale photobioreactor for microalgal cultivation, including the safe use of corrosive gas inputs, and details relevant biomass measurements and biomass productivity calculations. Specifically, the video illustrates microalgal culture storage and preparation for inoculation, photobioreactor assembly and sterilization, biomass concentration measurements, and a logistic model for microalgal biomass productivity with rate calculations including maximum and overall biomass productivities. Additionally, since there is growing interest in experiments to cultivate microalgae using simulated or real waste gas emissions, the video will cover the photobioreactor equipment adaptations necessary to work with corrosive gases and discuss safe sampling in such scenarios.

Bench-scale, axenic cultivation facilitates microalgal characterization and productivity optimization before subsequent process scale-up. Photobioreactors provide the necessary control for reliable and reproducible microalgal experiments and can be adapted to safely cultivate microalgae with the corrosive gases (CO2, SO2, NO2) from municipal or industrial combustion emissions.

腐食性煙道ガスを用いたベンチスケール光バイオリアクターにおける微細藻類栽培とバイオマス定量

Photobioreactors are illuminated cultivation systems for experiments on phototrophic microorganisms. These systems provide a sterile environment for ...

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms are presented. Three preparation methods are described: (a) the incorporation of metal salts into silica or alumina wet gels using an impregnation method; (b) the incorporation of metal salts into alumina wet gels using a co-precursor method; and (c) the addition of metal nanoparticles directly into a silica aerogel precursor mixture. The methods utilize a hydraulic hot press, which allows for rapid (&#60;6 h) supercritical extraction and results in aerogels of low density (0.10 g/mL) and high surface area (200-800 m2/g). While the work presented here focuses on the use of copper salts and copper nanoparticles, the approach can be implemented using other metal salts and nanoparticles. A protocol for testing the three-way catalytic ability of these aerogels for automotive pollution mitigation is also presented. This technique uses custom-built equipment, the Union Catalytic Testbed (UCAT), in which a simulated exhaust mixture is passed over an aerogel sample at a controlled temperature and flow rate. The system is capable of measuring the ability of the catalytic aerogels, under both oxidizing and reducing conditions, to convert CO, NO and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) to less harmful species (CO2, H2O and N2). Example catalytic results are presented for the aerogels described.

Here we present protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms. Methods for preparing materials using copper salts and copper-containing nanoparticles are featured. Catalytic testing protocols demonstrate the effectiveness of these aerogels for three-way catalysis applications.

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

Protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms are presented. Three ...

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas electricity generation. Microalgae can biofix CO2 10 to 15 times faster than plants and convert algal biomass to products of interest, such as biofuels. Thus, this study presents a protocol that demonstrates the potential synergies of microalgae cultivation with a natural gas power plant situated in the southwestern United States in a hot semi-arid climate. State-of-the-art technologies are used to enhance carbon capture and utilization via the green algal species Chlorella sorokiniana, which can be further processed into biofuel. We describe a protocol involving a semi-automated open raceway pond and discuss the results of its performance when it was tested at the Tucson Electric Power plant, in Tucson, Arizona. Flue gas was used as the main carbon source to control pH, and Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated. An optimized medium was used to grow the algae. The amount of CO2 added to the system as a function of time was closely monitored. Additionally, other physicochemical factors affecting algal growth rate, biomass productivity, and carbon fixation were monitored, including optical density, dissolved oxygen (DO), electroconductivity (EC), and air and pond temperatures. The results indicate that a microalgae yield of up to 0.385 g/L ash-free dry weight is attainable, with a lipid content of 24%. Leveraging synergistic opportunities between CO2 emitters and algal farmers can provide the resources required to increase carbon capture while supporting the sustainable production of algal biofuels and bioproducts.

A protocol is described to utilize the carbon dioxide in natural gas power plant flue gas to cultivate microalgae in open raceway ponds. Flue gas injection is controlled with a pH sensor, and microalgae growth is monitored with real time measurements of optical density.

発電所からの炭素回収と微細藻類栽培用の半自動オープンレースウェイ池の結合

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas ...

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Biomass is a sustainable fuel, as its CO2 emissions are reintegrated in biomass growth. However, the inorganic precursors in the biomass cause a negative environmental impact and slag formation. The selected short rotation coppice (SRC) willow wood has a high ash content (<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/58970/58970eq1.jpg" /> = 1.96%) and, therefore, a high content of emission and slag precursors. Therefore, the reduction of minerals from SRC willow wood by low temperature microwave assisted hydrothermal carbonization (MAHC) at 150 &#176;C, 170 &#176;C, and 185 &#176;C is investigated. An advantage of MAHC over conventional reactors is an even temperature conductance in the reaction medium, as microwaves penetrate the whole reactor volume. This allows a better temperature control and a faster cooldown. Therefore, a succession of depolymerization, transformation and repolymerization reactions can be analyzed effectively. In this study, the analysis of the mass loss, ash content and composition, heating values and molar O/C and H/C ratios of the treated and untreated SCR willow wood showed that the mineral content of the MAHC coal was reduced and the heating value increased. The process water showed a decreasing pH and contained furfural and 5-methylfurfural. A process temperature of 170 &#176;C showed the best combination of energy input and ash component reduction. The MAHC allows a better understanding of the hydrothermal carbonization process, while a large-scale industrial application is unlikely because of the high investment costs.

A protocol for the emission precursor depletion from low quality biomass by low temperature microwave assisted hydrothermal carbonization treatment is presented. This protocol includes the microwave parameters and the analysis of the biocoal product and process water.

低温マイクロ波支援によるウィローウッド燃料排出量の削減補助熱炭化

Biomass is a sustainable fuel, as its CO2 emissions are reintegrated in biomass growth. However, the inorganic precursors in the biomass cause a negative ...

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

We demonstrate a method for the enhancement of CO2 photoreduction. As the driving force of a photocatalytic reaction is from solar light, the basic idea is to use concentration technology to raise the incident solar light intensity. Concentrating a large-area light onto a small area cannot only increase light intensity, but also reduce the catalyst amount, as well as the reactor volume, and increase the surface temperature. The concentration of light can be realized by different devices. In this manuscript, it is realized by a Fresnel lens. The light penetrates the lens and is concentrated on a disc-shaped catalyst. The results show that both the reaction rate and the total yield are efficiently increased. The method can be applied to most CO2 photoreduction catalysts, as well as to similar reactions with a low reaction rate at natural light.

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

We present a protocol for improving the performance of CO2 photoreduction to CH4 by heightening the incident light intensity via concentrating solar energy technology.

CO 2 太陽光集中下でのCH4性能へのCO2光減少

We demonstrate a method for the enhancement of CO2 photoreduction. As the driving force of a photocatalytic reaction is from solar light, the basic idea ...

25 KW_回カルシウムループパイロット-を持つ植物、Calciner で高酸素濃度の操作

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

バイオエネルギー生産のための統合された嫌気性消化と水熱炭化の評価

シンクロトロン高速断層撮影法を使用した炭酸における反応の動的細孔スケール貯水池条件イメージング

接触分解変換により菜種油からバイオ燃料および生化学の研究室の生産

モリブデンカーバイド触媒上の酢酸の昇温脱酸素化

高炉スラグの双方向の物価安定政策：沈殿した炭酸カルシウムおよびゼオライト重金属吸着剤の合成

腐食性煙道ガスを用いたベンチスケール光バイオリアクターにおける微細藻類栽培とバイオマス定量

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

発電所からの炭素回収と微細藻類栽培用の半自動オープンレースウェイ池の結合

低温マイクロ波支援によるウィローウッド燃料排出量の削減補助熱炭化

CO 2 太陽光集中下で_のCH4性能へのCO2光減少

25 KW回カルシウム ループ パイロット-を持つ植物、Calciner で高酸素濃度の操作

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

バイオエネルギー生産のための統合された嫌気性消化と水熱炭化の評価

シンクロトロン高速断層撮影法を使用した炭酸における反応の動的細孔スケール貯水池条件イメージング

接触分解変換により菜種油からバイオ燃料および生化学の研究室の生産

モリブデンカーバイド触媒上の酢酸の昇温脱酸素化

高炉スラグの双方向の物価安定政策：沈殿した炭酸カルシウムおよびゼオライト重金属吸着剤の合成

腐食性煙道ガスを用いたベンチスケール光バイオリアクターにおける微細藻類栽培とバイオマス定量

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

発電所からの炭素回収と微細藻類栽培用の半自動オープンレースウェイ池の結合

低温マイクロ波支援によるウィローウッド燃料排出量の削減補助熱炭化

CO 2 太陽光集中下でのCH4性能へのCO2光減少

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