私たちは議論のためにFerenc Krausz教授に感謝し、原稿を完成させる彼女の支援についてNajd Altwaijryに感謝したいと思います。この作業は、Advanced Laser Applications Center（CALA）によって資金提供されています。

<ol>
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H., Nolte, S., Schrempel, F., Dausinger, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Ultrafast Thin-Disk Lasers.Ultrashort Pulse Laser Technology. 195, 93-115 (2016).</li><li>Zapata, L. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryogenic+Yb:YAG+composite-thin-disk+for+high+energy+and+average+power+amplifiers.">Cryogenic Yb:YAG composite-thin-disk for high energy and average power amplifiers.</a> Opt. Lett. 40 (11), 2610-2613 (2015).</li><li>Schulz, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Yb:YAG+Innoslab+amplifier:+efficient+high+repetition+rate+subpicosecond+pumping+system+for+optical+parametric+chirped+pulse+amplification.">Yb:YAG Innoslab amplifier: efficient high repetition rate subpicosecond pumping system for optical parametric chirped pulse amplification.</a> Opt Lett. 36 (13), 2456-2458 (2011).</li><li>Roeser, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Millijoule+pulse+energy+high+repetition+rate+femtosecond+fiber+chirped-pulse+amplification+system.">Millijoule pulse energy high repetition rate femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplification system.</a> Opt Lett. 32 (24), 3495-3497 (2007).</li><li>Russbueldt, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=400+W+Yb:YAG+Innoslab+fs-amplifier.">400 W Yb:YAG Innoslab fs-amplifier.</a> Opt Express. 17 (15), 12230-12245 (2009).</li><li>Baumgarten, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=0.5+kHz+repetition+rate+picosecond+laser.">0.5 kHz repetition rate picosecond laser.</a> Opt Lett. 41 (14), 3339-3342 (2016).</li><li>Klingebiel, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=220mJ,+1+kHz+Picosecond+Regenerative+Thin-Disk+Amplifier.">220mJ, 1 kHz Picosecond Regenerative Thin-Disk Amplifier.</a> , (2015).</li><li>Nubbemeyer, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=1+kW,+200+mJ+picosecond+thin-disk+laser+system.">1 kW, 200 mJ picosecond thin-disk laser system.</a> Opt Lett. 42 (7), 1381-1384 (2017).</li><li>Fattahi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-power,+1-ps,+all-Yb:YAG+thin-disk+regenerative+amplifier.">High-power, 1-ps, all-Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier.</a> Opt Lett. 41 (6), 1126-1129 (2016).</li><li>Brons, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Energy+scaling+of+Kerr-lens+mode-locked+thin-disk+oscillators.">Energy scaling of Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk oscillators.</a> Opt Lett. 39 (22), 6442-6445 (2014).</li><li>Trebino, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+ultrashort+laser+pulses+in+the+time-frequency+domain+using+frequency-resolved+optical+gating.">Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating.</a> Rev Sci Instrum. 68 (9), 3277-3295 (1997).</li><li>Arisholm, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=General+numerical+methods+for+simulating+second-order+nonlinear+interactions+in+birefringent+media.">General numerical methods for simulating second-order nonlinear interactions in birefringent media.</a> J Opt Soc Am B. 14 (10), 2543-2549 (1997).</li><li>Zhang, D. 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著者は何も開示することはない。

発振器のターンキー動作は、レーザの様々な構成要素の最適な熱管理によって達成される。オシレータの出力は、余分なアラインメントや最適化を必要とせずに、毎日再現可能です。さらに、シードレーザのパルス間エネルギー安定性および空間指向安定性は、再生増幅器の安定動作を達成するための前提条件を満たしている。 ファイバ増幅器のような他の低エネルギーシード源を使用して増幅器をシードすることができる。この研究では、2μJのYb：YAGシンディスクKLMオシレータを使用して、蓄積された非線形相の成長を減少させることによって再生増幅器の増幅を支援しました。これは、より高い入力シードエネルギー。さらに、より高いシードエネルギーは、増幅プロセスに影響を及ぼし、ゲインの狭小化を低減する。増幅されたパルスの測定されたスペクトル帯域幅固定されたポンプ出力での異なる種エネルギーに対する変化を図5cに示す。増幅狭帯域化のため、増幅されたスペクトル帯域幅は、より低い種子エネルギーについて減少する。 10pJのシードエネルギーの場合、レーザは倍増する時間に動作し、往復回数を増やしても安定した動作に達することはできません。冷却システムの慎重な最適化とダイオードの電源供給に加えて、飽和時の再生増幅器の動作は、増幅器の達成された安定性において主要な役割を果たす。 レーザの基本波または第2高調波を用いてOPCPAシステムを励起することができる。 SHGについては、LBOとBBO結晶の性能は、大きな非線形係数と損傷閾値を提供するので、BBOの場合には空間的ウォークオフが大きく、利用可能な開口は限られているにもかかわらず、比較されている。 BBOの非線形係数がLBOのそれのほぼ2倍であるので、より短い結晶は、SHGの飽和限度に達するのに十分な程度である（ 図6a ）。累積非線形位相が28小さいしたがって、BBOは、より適切な選択です。 SHパルスのパルス持続時間は、異なる変換効率で実験的に特徴付けられる。高い変換効率では、SHGスペクトルが広がり、高次スペクトル相が現れることが観察された（ 図6 ）。したがって、変換効率が70％のケースBは、SHおよび変換されない基本ビームが優れた品質を維持する場合に選択されます。

高い繰返し率で高エネルギー、数サイクルレーザーパルスの生成は、直接利益を得るために立つようアト秒科学1、2、3、4、および高磁場物理5,6として適用分野に大きな関心がありますそのような情報源の入手可能性から。 OPCPAは、数パルスパルスを同時にサポートする高いパルスエネルギーと大きな増幅帯域幅を達成するための最も有望なルートです1 。現在までに、光媒介型チャープパルス増幅は、いくつかのサイクルのパルス7、8、9、10を生成する超広帯域の増幅を可能にします。しかしながら、ピコ秒スケールで短いポンプパルスを使用するOPCPA方式の修正された実施形態は、より高いパルスエネルギー及び少ないサイクルレジーム1、11、12の平均電力のためのこのアプローチは、スケーラブルとなります。短パルスポンプOPCPAのポンプ強度が高いため、シングルパス利得が高いため、非常に薄い結晶を使用して大きな増幅帯域幅をサポートできます。短パルス励起OPCPAには多くの利点があるが、このアプローチの実現可能性は、この目的のために特別に調整されたレーザの利用可能性に依存する。そのようなポンプレーザはMHz範囲13、14、15キロヘルツで反復速度で近回折限界ビーム品質を有する高エネルギーピコ秒パルスを送達するために必要とされます。 高いエネルギーおよび高い平均出力を有するピコ秒レーザパルスを送出することができる、異なる幾何学的形状のイッテルビウムドープレーザの導入、フィールド1、13、14、15、16、17、18の現在の状態を変更しようとしています。 Yb：YAGは優れた熱伝導率と長い上部寿命を持ち、費用対効果の高いダイオードレーザーでポンピングできます。シンディスクジオメトリで使用されたときのその性能は、ピークと平均電力を同時にスケーリングするための利得媒体の効率的な冷却のために際立っています。さらに、増幅プロセス中の利得媒体内での自己収束の発生は、他の利得媒体の形状と比較して薄いディスクの細長さのために抑制され、増幅されたパルスの優れた時間的および空間的プロファイルをもたらす。このコンセプトをCPAと組み合わせると、数百ミリジュールのエネルギーと数百個のピコ秒パルスを生成することができます平均パワー19、20ワット。 この作業の目的は、OPCPA 21を圧送するのに適した日常的な性能を備えたターンキーYb：YAG薄型ディスク再生アンプを実証することです。この目標を達成するために、この研究では、増幅プロセス中に蓄積された非線形位相を最小限に抑えるために増幅器をシードするために数マイクロジュールのパルスエネルギーを有するYb：YAG薄ディスク発振器22を使用する。このプロトコルは、他の場所で21説明されているレーザシステムを構築し、操作するためのレシピを提供します。コンポーネントの実装と制御ソフトウェアの詳細が提示され、システムのアライメントプロセスが説明されています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Electrooptics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Module</td><td>Dilas Diodenlaser GmbH</td><td>M1F8H12-940.5-500C-IS11.34</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Module</td><td>Laserline GmbH</td><td>LDM1000-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power Supply for Diode Laser</td><td>Delta Elektronika B.V.</td><td>SM 15-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power Supply for Diode Laser</td><td>Delta Elektronika B.V.</td><td>SM 35-45</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Picker&#039;s Driver</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell&#039;s Driver</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Picker&#039;s Driver Power Supply</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PCD8m7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell&#039;s Driver Power Supply</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PCD8m7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Delay Generator PCI</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BME_SG08p</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Splitter Box</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Resonant Preamplifier</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BME_P03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Picker&#039;s crystal</td><td>Castech Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>12*12*20 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell&#039;s crystal</td><td>Castech Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>12*12*20 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Optics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-disk</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-disk Head</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber</td><td>Frank Optic Products GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber Objective</td><td>Edmund Optics GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Faraday Isolator</td><td>Electro-Optics Technology, Inc</td><td>EOT.189.12231</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Faraday Rotator</td><td>Electro-Optics Technology, Inc</td><td>EOT.189.22040</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stretcher&#039;s Grating 1</td><td>Horiba Jobin Yvon GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>60*40*10 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Stretcher&#039;s Grating 2</td><td>Horiba Jobin Yvon GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>350*190*50 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor&#039;s Grating 1</td><td>Plymouth Grating Laboratory, Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>40*40*16 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor&#039;s Grating 2</td><td>Plymouth Grating Laboratory, Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>300*100*50 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>108060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09965, S-04484</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>108063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09966, S-04484</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), curved</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (1030nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09965, S-05474</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (1030nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09966, S-05474</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin Film Polarizer (1030nm), 2&quot;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>103930</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate L/2 (1030nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>106058</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=25mm</td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate L/4 (1030nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>106060</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=25mm</td></tr><tr><td>AR Window (1030nm), wedge</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-00183-01, S-00988</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=38mm</td></tr><tr><td>Output Coupler, 1&quot; (1030nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>PR = 88 %</td></tr><tr><td>High-dispersion Mirror (1030nm)</td><td>UltraFast Innovations GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>GDD = -3000 fs&amp;sup2;</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Convex</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Concave</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 2&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Convex</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 2&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Concave</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>129784</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>042-0515-i0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>110924</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>042-0515</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), curved</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), curved</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (515nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>045-0515-i0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (515nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>045-0515</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin Film Polarizer (515nm), 2&quot;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>112544</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate L/2 (515nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>112546</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=25mm</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (515nm), Plano-Convex</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (515nm), Plano-Concave</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Kerr Medium</td><td>Meller Optics, Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>Sapphire, 1mm</td></tr><tr><td>BBO Crystal</td><td>Castech Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>7*7*1.5 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Harmonic Separator, 1&quot;, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>042-5135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harmonic Separator, 2&quot;, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>045-5135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Mirror, 1&quot;, flat</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>PF10-03-P01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Mirror, 1&quot;, curved</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Absorptive Neutral Density</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>NE##A</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Reflective Neutral Density</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>ND##A</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Round Continuously Variable</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>NDC-50C-4M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Edgepass Filter (Longpass)</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>FEL####</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Edgepass Filter (Shortpass)</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>FES####</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Wedge</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Optomechanics &amp;amp; Motion&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 1&quot; (small)</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>S1M4-##-1&amp;rdquo;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 1&quot; (large)</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>S3-##</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 1&quot;</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>1&quot; adjustable&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 2&quot;</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>S4-##</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 2&quot;</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>2&quot; adjustable&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotation Mount 1&amp;rdquo;</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>D25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotation Mount 1&amp;rdquo;</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>RSP1/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotation Mount 2&amp;rdquo;</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>RSP2/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Precision Rotation Stage</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>M-UTR120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Four-Axis Diffraction Grating Mount</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>DGM-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Translation Stage</td><td>OptoSigma Corporation</td><td>TADC-651SR25-M6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels cell stage</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>9082-M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell Holder</td><td>Home-made</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Picomotor Controller/Driver Kit</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8742-12-KIT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Picomotor Piezo Linear Actuators</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8301NF</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Picomotor Rotation Mount</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8401-M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hand Control Pad</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8758</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Light Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beam Profiling Camera</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>SP620</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beam Profiling Camera</td><td>DataRay Inc.</td><td>WCD-UCD23</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photodiodes (solw)</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>DET10A/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photodiodes (fast)</td><td>Alphalas GmbH</td><td>UPD-200-SP</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-disk Camera</td><td>Imaging Development Systems GmbH</td><td>UI-2220SE-M-GL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscilloscope</td><td>Tektronix GmbH</td><td>DPO5204</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscilloscope</td><td>Teledyne LeCroy GmbH</td><td>SDA 760Zi-A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Avantes</td><td>AvaSpec-ULS3648-USB2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4C1769</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4C3762</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4D464</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4D466</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Thermal Power Sensor</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>L50(150)A-PF-35</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Thermal Power Sensor</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>FL500A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Thermal Power Sensor</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>3A-P-V1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power and Energy Meter</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>Vega</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Systems&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Beam Stabilization System</td><td>TEM-Messtechnik GmbH</td><td>Aligna</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser M&amp;sup2; Measuring System</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>M&amp;sup2;-200s</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FROG</td><td>Home-made</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>XFROG</td><td>Home-made</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Miscellaneous&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooling Chiller</td><td>H.I.B Systemtechnik GmbH</td><td>6HE-000800-W-W-R23-2-DI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooling Chiller</td><td>Termotek GmbH</td><td>P201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooling Chiller</td><td>Termotek GmbH</td><td>P208</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Safety Goggles</td><td>Protect - Laserschutz GmbH</td><td>BGU 10-0165-G-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Infra-red Viewer</td><td>FJW Optical Systems</td><td>84499A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Viewing Card</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>VRC4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Viewing Card</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>VRC5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Viewing Card</td><td>Laser Components GmbH</td><td>LDT-1064 BG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flowmeter</td><td>KOBOLD Messring GmbH</td><td>DTK-1250G2C34P</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pressure Gauge</td><td>KOBOLD Messring GmbH</td><td>EN 837-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Temperature Sensor</td><td>KOBOLD Messring GmbH</td><td>TDA-15H* ***P3M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WinLase Software</td><td>Dr. C. Horvath &amp;amp; Dr. F. Loesel</td><td>WinLase Version 2.1 pro.</td><td>Laser Cavity Software</td></tr></tbody></table>

20 mj, 1 ps yb:yag thin-disk regenerative amplifier

これは、100 W、20 mJ、1 ps Yb：YAG薄型ディスク再生アンプに関するレポートです。手作りのYb：YAG薄ディスク、ターンキー性能とマイクロジュールレベルのパルスエネルギーを持つKerrレンズモードロック発振器を使用して、再生チャープパルス増幅器をシードします。アンプは気密ハウジング内に設置されています。これは室温で作動し、1％未満のパルス間安定性を有する5kHzの繰り返し速度で安定した動作を示す。厚さ1.5mmのベータバリウムホウ酸塩結晶を用いることにより、レーザー出力の周波数は515nmに倍増し、平均出力は70Wであり、光 - 光効率70％に相当する。この優れた性能により、システムは、近赤外および中赤外スペクトル範囲の光パラメトリックチャープパルス増幅器の魅力的なポンプ源になります。ターンキー性能と回生増幅器の優れた安定性を組み合わせることにより、システムは広帯域のCEP安定性の生成を容易にしますシード。 1つのレーザ源から光パラメトリックチャープパルス増幅（OPCPA）のシード及びポンプを提供することは、これらのパルス間の能動的時間同期の要求を排除する。この作品は、光パラメトリックチャープパルス増幅器のポンプ源として、チャープパルス増幅（CPA）に基づくYb：YAG薄型ディスク再生増幅器のセットアップと操作に関する詳細なガイドを提供します。

<html>この発振器は、1MHzのパルス幅で1％（rms）の安定性と0.6％未満のビーム指向の変動を伴い、11MHzの繰返し率で350fs、2μJ、25Wのパルスを出力します （ 図4 ）。 <img alt="図4" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig4.jpg" /> 図4 ：Yb：YAGシンディスク、カーレンズモード同期発振器 （ a ）発振器パルスのスペクトル（赤色）、検索された時間強度プロファイル（青色）、および空間プロファイル（インセット）。 （ b ）オシレータのSHG-FROG分光器の測定および検索。この図は、Fattahi et al。参照21からの許可を得て。&gt;この図の拡大版を見るには、ここをクリックしてください。 シードパルスは、再生増幅器内で125Wに増幅され、280nmで940nmの波長のCWファイバ結合ダイオードで励起され、47％の光対光学効率に対応する。アンプのパルス間安定度は1％未満で、連続運転10時間後の優れた長期安定性を示します。増幅されたビームが1のM 2（M 2 x = 1.08およびM 2 Y = 1.07）及び（FWHMで）1ピコ秒に圧縮後の優れた経時的プロファイル（ 図5）を用いて、優れた空間プロファイルを有します。 <img alt="図5" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig5.jpg" /> 図5 ：回生アンプの特性出力とゲイン・ナローイング効果が得られます。 （ a ）連続運転10時間後の再生増幅器の平均出力の安定性。挿入：（ a-1 ）0.5時間の時間窓でその平均値に対する正規化電力。 （ a-2 ）回生増幅器の出力ビームプロファイル。 （ b ）グレーティング圧縮器の後の平均出力100Wでのレーザ出力パルスの増幅出力スペクトル（緑色）および取り出された時間強度（青色）。 （ c ）アンプ出力のシードエネルギー対スペクトル帯域幅（FWHM）と、ポンプ出力300Wでの同じ出力平均電力に対する必要なラウンドトリップ。この図は、Fattahi et al。参照21からの許可を得て。 <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig5large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版を見るには、ここをクリックしてください。</a> 25を用いてSHGを分析した。次のパラメータを有する2つの異なる結晶が考慮された：1）13.7°の位相整合角および0.819pm / Vの非線形係数を有するタイプI、厚さ6mmのリチウムトリボレート（LBO）、および2） I型、23.4°の位相整合角と午後2時/ V 26、27の非線形係数と3mm厚BBO。 1030nmにおける1ps、20mJパルスおよび100GW / cm 2のピーク強度が、シミュレーションの入力として考慮された。シミュレーション結果から、BBOの性能はSHGのLBOの性能より優れていることが示された（ 図6 ）。 <img alt="図6" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig6.jpg" /> 図6 ：2次高調波生成。 （ a ）シミュレートされたSHGENE厚さ6mmのLBO結晶と厚さ3mmのBBO結晶のためのrgy。 （ b ）アンプ出力の0.5mJ（黒）と20mJ（緑）を使用した厚さ1.5mmのBBO結晶における入力SHG効率対入力ポンプピーク強度。 （ c ）（ b ）の点A、B、およびCに対応する異なるSHG効率に対する、取り出されたスペクトル強度および（ d ）XFROG測定の群遅延。この図は、Fattahi et al。 、 参照21からの許可を得て。 <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig6large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版を見るには、ここをクリックしてください。</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier at JoVE.com

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Yb：YAG薄ディスク再生増幅器に基づく高エネルギー、高出力光パラメトリックチャープパルス増幅器の動作のためのプロトコルがここに示されている。

20mJ、1ps Yb：YAGシンディスク再生アンプ

This is a report on a 100 W, 20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier. A homemade Yb:YAG thin-disk, Kerr-lens mode-locked oscillator with ...

20-mj-1-ps-ybyag-thin-disk-regenerative-amplifier

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Power Distributions

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

11.4K ビュー.  Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.  Yb：YAG薄ディスク再生増幅器に基づく高エネルギー、高出力光パラメトリックチャープパルス増幅器の動作のためのプロトコルがここに示されている。 

ビデオ: 20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Light is a versatile and precise means to control neuronal excitability. The recent introduction of light sensitive effectors such as channel-rhodopsin and caged neurotransmitters have led to interests in developing better means to control patterns of light in space and time that are useful for experimental neuroscience. One conventional strategy, employed in confocal and 2-photon microscopy, is to focus light to a diffraction limited spot and then scan that single spot sequentially over the region of interest. This approach becomes problematic if large areas have to be stimulated within a brief time window, a problem more applicable to photostimulation than for imaging. An alternate strategy is to project the complete spatial pattern on the target with the aid of a digital micromirror device (DMD). The DMD approach is appealing because the hardware components are relatively inexpensive and is supported by commercial interests. Because such a system is not available for upright microscopes, we will discuss the critical issues in the construction and operations of such a DMD system. Even though we will be primarily describing the construction of the system for UV photolysis, the modifications for building the much simpler visible light system for optogenetic experiments will also be provided. The UV photolysis system was used to carryout experiments to study a fundamental question in neuroscience, how are spatially distributed inputs integrated across distal dendritic branch points. The results suggest that integration can be non-linear across branch points and the supralinearity is largely mediated by NMDA receptors.

Digital micromirror devices (DMD) can generate complex patterns in time and space with which to control neuronal excitability. Issues relevant to the design, construction, and operation of DMD systems are discussed. Such a system enabled the demonstration of non-linear integration across distal dendritic branch points.

分岐点間での樹の統合を調査するためにデジタルマイクロミラーデバイスと模様の光刺激

Light is a versatile and precise means to control neuronal excitability. The recent introduction of light sensitive effectors such as channel-rhodopsin ...

生物工学

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology is that quantum key distribution (QKD), which uses Heisenberg uncertainty to guarantee security of cryptographic keys, is limited in transmission distance. The development of a quantum repeater is a possible path to extend QKD range, but a repeater will need a quantum memory. In our experiments we use a gas of rubidium 87 vapor that is contained in a warm gas cell. This makes the scheme particularly simple. It is also a highly versatile scheme that enables in-memory refinement of the stored state, such as frequency shifting and bandwidth manipulation. The basis of the GEM protocol is to absorb the light into an ensemble of atoms that has been prepared in a magnetic field gradient. The reversal of this gradient leads to rephasing of the atomic polarization and thus recall of the stored optical state. We will outline how we prepare the atoms and this gradient and also describe some of the pitfalls that need to be avoided, in particular four-wave mixing, which can give rise to optical gain.

The gradient echo memory is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. Quantum memory is a key element of a quantum repeater, which can extend the range of quantum key distribution. We outline the operation of the scheme when implemented in a 3-level atomic ensemble.

暖かい原子蒸気に勾配エコー量子メモリ

Gradient  echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in  atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology ...

工学

Regeneration of Arrayed Gold Microelectrodes Equipped for a Real-Time Cell Analyzer

The label-free cell-based assay is advantageous for biochemical study because of it does not require the use of experimental animals. Due to its ability to provide more dynamic information about cells under physiological conditions than classical biochemical assays, this label-free real-time cell assay based on the electric impedance principle is attracting more attention during the past decade. However, its practical utilization may be limited due to the relatively expensive cost of measurement, in which costly consumable disposable gold microchips are used for the cell analyzer. In this protocol, we have developed a general strategy to regenerate arrayed gold microelectrodes equipped for a commercial label-free cell analyzer. The regeneration process includes trypsin digestion, rinsing with ethanol and water, and a spinning step. The proposed method has been tested and shown to be effective for the regeneration and repeated usage of commercial electronic plates at least three times, which will help researchers save on the high running cost of real-time cell assays.

This protocol describes a general strategy to regenerate commercial arrayed gold microelectrodes equipped for a label-free cell analyzer aimed at saving on the high running costs ofmicrochip-based assays. The regeneration process includes trypsin digestion, rinsing with ethanol and water, and a spinning step, which enables repeated usage of microchips.

リアルタイム細胞解析搭載アレイの金電極の再生

The label-free cell-based assay is advantageous for biochemical study because of it does not require the use of experimental animals. Due to its ability ...

生化学

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

Chronic recording of large populations of neurons is a valuable technique for studying the function of neuronal circuits in awake behaving rats. Lightweight recording devices carrying a high density array of tetrodes allow for the simultaneous monitoring of the activity of tens to hundreds of individual neurons. Here we describe a protocol for the fabrication of a micro-drive array with twenty one independently movable micro-drives. This device has been used successfully to record from hippocampal and cortical neurons in our lab. We show how to prepare a custom designed, 3-D printed plastic base that will hold the micro-drives. We demonstrate how to construct the individual micro-drives and how to assemble the complete micro-drive array. Further preparation of the drive array for surgical implantation, such as the fabrication of tetrodes, loading of tetrodes into the drive array and gold-plating, is covered in a subsequent video article.

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

In this protocol we demonstrate how to fabricate a micro-drive array for chronic electrophysiological recordings in rats.

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：ドラ​​イブの作製

Chronic recording of large populations of neurons is a valuable technique for studying the function of neuronal circuits in awake behaving rats. ...

生物学

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly

The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo.  The differential amplitude of action potential signatures over the channels of a tetrode allows for the isolation of single-unit activity from multi-unit signals.  The ability to precisely control the stereotaxic location and depth of the tetrode is critical for studying coordinated neural activity across brain regions.  In combination with a micro-drive array, it is possible to achieve precise placement and stable control of many tetrodes over the course of days to weeks.  In this protocol, we demonstrate how to fabricate and condition tetrodes using basic tools and materials, install the tetrodes into a multi-drive tetrode array for chronic in-vivo recording in the rat, make ground wire connections to the micro-drive array, and attach a protective cone onto the micro-drive array in order to protect the tetrodes from physical contact with the environment.



Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly

In this protocol we demonstrate how to fabricate and condition tetrodes for use with a micro-drive array, which was designed for chronic electrophysiological recordings in rats. In addition, we illustrate the final stages of micro-drive array construction, which includes installing ground wires and a protective cone.

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：四極管アセンブリ

The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo.  The differential ...

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) has the potential to improve the treatment of Parkinson&#39;s disease by optimizing stimulation in real time according to fluctuating disease and medication state. In the present realization of adaptive DBS we record and stimulate from the DBS electrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease in the early post-operative period. Local field potentials are analogue filtered between 3 and 47 Hz before being passed to a data acquisition unit where they are digitally filtered again around the patient specific beta peak, rectified and smoothed to give an online reading of the beta amplitude. A threshold for beta amplitude is set heuristically, which, if crossed, passes a trigger signal to the stimulator. The stimulator then ramps up stimulation to a pre-determined clinically effective voltage over 250 msec and continues to stimulate until the beta amplitude again falls down below threshold. Stimulation continues in this manner with brief episodes of ramped DBS during periods of heightened beta power.
Clinical efficacy is assessed after a minimum period of stabilization (5 min) through the unblinded and blinded video assessment of motor function using a selection of scores from the Unified Parkinson&#39;s Rating Scale (UPDRS). Recent work has demonstrated a reduction in power consumption with aDBS as well as an improvement in clinical scores compared to conventional DBS. Chronic aDBS could now be trialed in Parkinsonism.

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is effective for Parkinson&#8217;s disease, improving symptoms and reducing power consumption compared to conventional deep brain stimulation (cDBS). In aDBS we track a local field potential biomarker (beta oscillatory amplitude) in real time and use this to control the timing of stimulation.

アダプティブ脳深部刺激とパーキンソン病の防除

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) has the potential to improve the treatment of Parkinson&#39;s disease by optimizing stimulation in real time ...

医学

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to microperimetry (MY) in eyes affected by dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) over time through the production and secretion of growth factors (GFs) on surrounding tissue. Patients were randomly assigned to each study group. All patients were diagnosed with dry AMD and with BCVA equal to or greater than 1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). A suprachoroidal autologous graft by Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique (LRRT) was carried out on group A, which included 11 eyes from 11 patients. The technique was performed by implanting adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells obtained from the stromal vascular fraction, and platelets from platelet-rich plasma in the suprachoroidal space. Conversely, group B, including 14 eyes of 14 patients, was used as a control group. For each patient, diagnosis was verified by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In group A, BCVA improved by 0.581 to 0.504 at 90 days and to 0.376 logMAR at 180 days (+32.20%) postoperatively. Furthermore, MY test increased by 11.44 dB to 12.59 dB at 180 days. The different cell types grafted behind the choroid were able to ensure constant GF secretion in the choroidal flow. Consequently, the results indicate that visual acuity (VA) in the grafted group can increase more than in the control group after six months.

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

The goal of this study is to assess whether the suprachoroidal graft of adipose-derived stem cells included in the stromal vascular fraction and platelets derived from platelet-rich plasma by the Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique can improve visual acuity and retinal sensitivity responses in eyes affected by dry age-related macular degeneration.

乾燥 - 加齢黄斑変性症の視細胞の細胞移植による再生療法:体内の予備的なレポート

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to ...

Highly-Multiplexed Tissue Imaging with Raman Dyes

Visualizing a vast scope of specific biomarkers in tissues plays a vital role in exploring the intricate organizations of complex biological systems. Hence, highly multiplexed imaging technologies have been increasingly appreciated. Here, we describe an emerging platform of highly-multiplexed vibrational imaging of specific proteins with comparable sensitivity to standard immunofluorescence via electronic pre-resonance stimulated Raman scattering (epr-SRS) imaging of rainbow-like Raman dyes. This method circumvents the limit of spectrally-resolvable channels in conventional immunofluorescence and provides a one-shot optical approach to interrogate multiple markers in tissues with subcellular resolution. It is generally compatible with standard tissue preparations, including paraformaldehyde-fixed tissues, frozen tissues, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissues. We envisage this platform will provide a more comprehensive picture of protein interactions of biological specimens, particularly for thick intact tissues. This protocol provides the workflow from antibody preparation to tissue sample staining, to SRS microscope assembly, to epr-SRS tissue imaging.

Electronic pre-resonance stimulated Raman scattering (epr-SRS) imaging of rainbow-like Raman dyes is a new platform for highly multiplexed epitope-based protein imaging. Here, we present a practical guide including antibody preparation, tissue sample staining, SRS microscope assembly, and epr-SRS tissue imaging.

ラマン色素による高多重化組織イメージング

Visualizing a vast scope of specific biomarkers in tissues plays a vital role in exploring the intricate organizations of complex biological systems. ...

Selective Manipulation of Theta Oscillations in a Mouse Model

Source: Bender, F. et al., <a href="https://appjove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/57349">Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice.</a> J. Vis. Exp (2018)
This video demonstrates a protocol to modulate theta oscillations in a genetically engineered mouse model with light-sensitive ion channels in its GABAergic medial septum neurons. By delivering light pulses to the hippocampus, the protocol aims to synchronize neuronal activity and generate theta oscillations, which are recorded as local field potentials.

マウスモデルにおけるシータ振動の選択的操作

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
PV-Cre ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

神経科学

Neurophysiology

Stimulation and Modulation Techniques

BJT Amplifiers

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are pivotal components in amplifier circuits, functioning as voltage-controlled current sources in their active region. This characteristic allows them to efficiently control the collector current through variations in the base-emitter voltage. Essentially, BJTs amplify power due to their ability to take a weak input signal and output a much stronger signal.
In BJT amplifier configurations, particularly in common-emitter setups, the transistor&#39;s role extends to converting transconductance into voltage amplification. This conversion is achieved by channeling the output current through a resistor. The output voltage of the amplifier is determined by the voltage drop across this load resistor subtracted from the supply voltage. Consequently, the amplifier produces an inverted output voltage, which is essentially the input voltage shifted by the supply voltage. This inversion is a hallmark of common-emitter amplifiers.
The voltage-transfer characteristic curve of a common-emitter BJT amplifier provides a visual representation of how the output collector voltage varies in response to changes in the input base voltage. Notably, the curve&#39;s steep slope in the active region indicates where maximum gain is achieved. However, this region also introduces some nonlinearity to the output voltage.
A base-emitter DC voltage bias is set at the quiescent point (Q-point) within the active region for stable and linear amplification. When a small, time-varying signal is applied on top of this DC bias, the BJT operates within a small, nearly linear segment of the characteristic curve. This results in the amplification of the output collector voltage. Such a configuration is crucial for achieving the desired amplification while maintaining the integrity of the signal&#39;s waveform.
BJTs are fundamental building blocks for various electronic applications, particularly in creating efficient and effective amplifier circuits that enhance signal strength without significant distortion.

BJTアンプ

In the active region of a common emitter NPN BJT, the emitter current is the sum of the base current and the collector current. Here, the base voltage ...

20mJ、1ps Yb：YAGシンディスク再生アンプ

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

分岐点間での樹の統合を調査するためにデジタルマイクロミラーデバイスと模様の光刺激

暖かい原子蒸気に勾配エコー量子メモリ

リアルタイム細胞解析搭載アレイの金電極の再生

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：ドライブの作製

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：四極管アセンブリ

アダプティブ脳深部刺激とパーキンソン病の防除

乾燥 - 加齢黄斑変性症の視細胞の細胞移植による再生療法:体内の予備的なレポート

ラマン色素による高多重化組織イメージング

マウスモデルにおけるシータ振動の選択的操作

BJTアンプ

20mJ、1ps Yb：YAGシンディスク再生アンプ

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

分岐点間での樹の統合を調査するためにデジタルマイクロミラーデバイスと模様の光刺激

暖かい原子蒸気に勾配エコー量子メモリ

リアルタイム細胞解析搭載アレイの金電極の再生

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：ドラ​​イブの作製

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：四極管アセンブリ

アダプティブ脳深部刺激とパーキンソン病の防除

乾燥 - 加齢黄斑変性症の視細胞の細胞移植による再生療法:体内の予備的なレポート

ラマン色素による高多重化組織イメージング

マウスモデルにおけるシータ振動の選択的操作

BJTアンプ

慢性のためのマイクロドライブアレイ in vivoで録音：ドライブの作製