Name: experimental research examining how people can cope with uncertainty through soft haptic sensations
Uploaded: 2015-09-16T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 7 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the Gottfried Wilhelm-Leibniz Grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) awarded to Thomas Mussweiler.

<ol>
	<li>Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., Tversky, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. 36, (1982).</li><li>Lipshitz, R., Strauss, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coping+with+uncertainty:+A+naturalistic+decision-making+analysis.">Coping with uncertainty: A naturalistic decision-making analysis.</a> Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec. 69 (2), 149-163 (1997).</li><li>Urbany, J. E., Dickson, P. R., Wilkie, W. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Buyer+uncertainty+and+information+search.">Buyer uncertainty and information search.</a> J. Consum. Res. 16 (2), 208-215 (1989).</li><li>Van Horen, F., Pieters, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=When+High+Similarity+Copycats+Lose+and+Moderate+Similarity+Copycats+Gain:+The+Impact+of+Comparative+Evaluation.">When High Similarity Copycats Lose and Moderate Similarity Copycats Gain: The Impact of Comparative Evaluation.</a> J. Marketing. Res. 49 (1), 83-91 (2012).</li><li>Duncan, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristics+of+organizational+environments+and+perceived+environmental+uncertainty.">Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty.</a> Admin. Sci. Quart. 17 (3), 313-327 (1972).</li><li>Milliken, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perceiving+and+interpreting+environmental+change:+An+examination+of+college+administrators'+interpretation+of+changing+demographics.">Perceiving and interpreting environmental change: An examination of college administrators' interpretation of changing demographics.</a> Acad. Manage. J. 33 (1), 42-63 (1990).</li><li>McGregor, I., Zanna, M. P., Holmes, J. G., Spencer, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compensatory+conviction+in+the+face+of+personal+uncertainty:+going+to+extremes+and+being.">Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: going to extremes and being.</a> J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 80 (3), 472-488 (2001).</li><li>Van den Bos, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uncertainty+management:+The+influence+of+uncertainty+salience+on+reactions+to+perceived+procedural+fairness.">Uncertainty management: The influence of uncertainty salience on reactions to perceived procedural fairness.</a> J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 80 (6), 931-941 (2001).</li><li>Whitson, J. A., Galinsky, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lacking+control+increases+illusory+pattern+perception.">Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception.</a> Science. 322 (5898), 115-117 (2008).</li><li>Krishna, A., Schwarz, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensory+marketing,+embodiment,+and+grounded+cognition:+A+review+and+introduction.">Sensory marketing, embodiment, and grounded cognition: A review and introduction.</a> J. Consum. Psychol. 24 (2), 159-168 (2014).</li><li>Ekstrom, R. B., French, J. W., Harman, H. H., Dermen, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Manual for kit of factor referenced cognitive tests. , (1976).</li><li>Gerlach, A. L., Andor, T., Patzelt, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Die+Bedeutung+von+Unsicherheitsintoleranz+f&#252;r+die+Generalisierte+Angstst&#246;rung+Modell&#252;berlegungen+und+Entwicklung+einer+deutschen+Version+der+Unsicherheitsintoleranz-Skala.">Die Bedeutung von Unsicherheitsintoleranz f&#252;r die Generalisierte Angstst&#246;rung Modell&#252;berlegungen und Entwicklung einer deutschen Version der Unsicherheitsintoleranz-Skala.</a> Z. Kl. Psych. Psychoth. 37 (3), 190-199 (2008).</li><li>Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Tellegen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+validation+of+brief+measures+of+positive+and+negative+affect:+the+PANAS+scales.">Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales.</a> J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54 (6), 1063-1070 (1988).</li><li>Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., Ladouceur, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intolerance+of+uncertainty+and+worry:+Investigating+specificity+in+a+nonclinical+sample.">Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample.</a> Cognitive Ther. Res. 25 (5), 551-558 (2001).</li><li>Van Horen, F., Mussweiler, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+assurance:+Coping+with+uncertainty+through+haptic+sensations.">Soft assurance: Coping with uncertainty through haptic sensations.</a> J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 54, 73-80 (2014).</li><li>Lun, J., Sinclair, S., Whitchurch, E. R., Glenn, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=do+I+think+what+you+think?+Epistemic+social+tuning+and+implicit+prejudice.">do I think what you think? Epistemic social tuning and implicit prejudice.</a> J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 93 (6), 957-972 (2007).</li><li>Mueller, P. A., Oppenheimer, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Pen+Is+Mightier+Than+the+Keyboard.">The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard.</a> Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychol. Sci. 25, 1159-1168 (2014).</li><li>Wichman, A. L., Brunner, R. P., Weary, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immediate+and+delayed+effects+of+causal+uncertainty+inductions+on+uncertainty+accessibility.">Immediate and delayed effects of causal uncertainty inductions on uncertainty accessibility.</a> J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 44 (4), 1106-1113 (2008).</li><li>Loewenstein, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Out+of+control:+Visceral+influences+on+behavior.">Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior.</a> Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec. 65 (3), 272-292 (1996).</li><li>Keng, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Huggy+Pajama:+A+mobile+parent+and+child+hugging+communication.">Huggy Pajama: A mobile parent and child hugging communication.</a> Proceedings of the 7th international conference on interaction design and children. , 250-257 (2008).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

この記事では、人々が対処することができ、経験の代わりに、認知経路を介して不確実性を減らすことができる方法についての施策のセットを記述します。さらに、この方法は、実験的不確実性のこのタイプは、選択肢の不確実性に加えて、意思決定と選択にどのように影響するかを調べるために研究者を可能にする環境の不確実性を活性化することを示しています。第三に、柔らかさのシ?...

不確実性は、その先例と結果は、経済学、心理学、マーケティングに非常調べトピックです。当然のことながらそのように、現代社会の人々のように、常に不確実性に直面している：日常の買い物の意思決定、彼らのキャリア、およびその家族のダイナミクスで。交渉し、不確実性に対処するために学ぶことはこのように現代生活の要件となっています。 不確実性は、一般的な知識の欠如として定義されます。現在まで、マーケティング、意思決定の中で最も研究が原因選択肢選択肢に不確実性に焦点を当てています。不完全な情報のため、人々は、利用可能な代替案とこれらの選択肢1,2の有用性に不安。このような不確実性を低減するために、人々は、多くの場合、それらの知識ベースを増やし、追加情報2-4を追求してみてください。 しかし、不足している情報の不確かな感じに加えて、人にも供されます予測できないと制御不可能な外部事象に対する不確実性への影響は、自分の将来の生活5,6に判断することは困難となっています。一つは環境が変化する可能性がありますので、将来の事​​象の可能性に確率を割り当てることはできません方法を知らない場合には、このような環境の不確実性が生じます。不確実性のこのタイプの例は、例えば景気変動、テロ攻撃の脅威、政治的変化のためのものです。状況を想起させるような不確実性の下では、単に情報を検索することは不確実性に対処するために失敗します。環境の不確実性は、現代社会の中で、これまで以上に普及していると非常にほとんど知られていないような不確実性が意思決定や選択にどのように影響するかについては特にあるので、それは状況的環境の不確実性を活性化するための新しい実験方法を開発するために極めて重要です。現在のプロトコルは、これらのニーズに対応。 また、伝統的に焦点がcognitにされています不確実性に直面したときに人々が使用して、IVEの戦略。人々は、より近い志向態度約 7になる公平性と公正な手続き8を強調し、不確実性に直面したときに9ランダムな刺激で幻想パターンを知覚-追加情報を求める以外に-研究は、たとえばことを示しました。しかし、人々は常に彼らは時間が不足しているか、それらが限られているとき認知能力がそうするときに認知例えば、不確実性に対処することができません。その場合には、彼らは別の、経験ルートを使用し、効率的に対処し、不確実性を減らすために、ソフト触覚感覚を求めることができます。 人間の判断は、外部の世界（ すなわち 、視覚的、音響的または触覚）に接触して感覚システムによって送信される身体の経験に影響され得ます。これらの感情は感覚入力10の意味、認知解釈せずに、当社の判断に影響を与えることができます。 Touc興何かが柔らかいような身体的体験の人は不確実性に対処することときを検索することができます。子供の頃には、不快感の感情は、多くの場合、介護者またはソフトかわいいおもちゃを感じることにより、保持または撫でなどの物理的なタッチを通じて軽減されます。タッチで、このような早期の経験を通じて、柔らかさが強く、快適さとセキュリティに関連するようになるため、不確実性を戦うための効果的なツールになります。しかし、不確実性に対処する上で、ソフト触感の種類を助けるだろうか？いずれのタイプ？柔らか経験やオブジェクトのソフトプロパティは、単にコンピュータの画面上で見ているときには十分であるべきか？このプロトコルは、これらの問題に対処します。 人々は、不確実性に対処するために使用する戦略に加えて、それは特定の戦略が機能しているかどうかを知ることは重要です。例えば缶を求めて柔らかさの機能は前ので、保持した後の不確実性の一つのレベルを確立することによって主観的に測定することがソフト（時間の不確実性のレベルを）mething。より間接的に不確実性の低減を評価する別の方法は、このような雪に覆われたピクチャタスク（SPT）11として 、あいまいなタスクを使用することです。このタスクは、オブジェクトが視覚雪の中で埋め込まれている写真のセットで構成されます。参加者は、自分の答えに関して雪とその不確実性の背後に隠されていると思うどのオブジェクトを示す必要があります。最後に、人格アンケート（不確実不耐性尺度12）は、柔らかさも、日常生活の中での不確実性に向けて、人の一般的な耐性を高めることができるかどうかを測定するために使用することができます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Medialab</td><td>Empirisoft</td><td></td><td>Program to create and run experiments&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Qualtrics</td><td>Qualtrics.com</td><td></td><td>Online survey program</td></tr><tr><td>SPSS Version 21</td><td>IBM</td><td></td><td>Statistical program</td></tr></tbody></table>

experimental research examining how people can cope with uncertainty through soft haptic sensations

人間は常に不確実性や変化に囲まれています。質問は、人々は、このような不確実性に対処する方法を生じます。現在まで、ほとんどの研究は、人々が不確実性に対処するために採用認知戦略に焦点を当てています。しかし、不確実性が原因で予測不可能な社会的事象（ 例えば 、経済危機、政治的革命、テロの脅威）1は、（追加の情報を求めているように）自分の将来のライブ、認知戦略への影響を判断することができないうちにある場合は特に失敗する可能性があり不確実性に対処します。その代わりに、現在の用紙は、人々が柔らかい触覚を通じて経験的に不確実性に対処する可能性があることを実証する方法について説明します。柔らかい何かに触れることは、快適さと安心感を作成するため、不確実感じたときに困難な特性と比較してより具体的には、人々はよりソフトでオブジェクトを好みます。柔らかさを求めては、OUなどの不確実性に対処するための非常に効率的かつ効果的なツールですRの手はすべての回でご利用いただけます。このプロトコルは、証明する一連のメソッドを記述1）（UN）確信が状況的体験プライミング手順で活性化することができるか、環境、2）その柔らかさの経験の質（どのような柔らかさの種類とどのようにそれは、経験豊富である）の問題、3）どのように不確実性は、異なる方法を用いて還元することができます。

これらの研究は、不確実性に直面しては機能しているときには不確実性を低下させるかどうか、 すなわち 、柔軟性を探しているかどうか）、および不確実性に直面したときに2人が柔らかい性質を有する物体を好むかどうか）1を調査するために使用されました。 （上述の）プライミング手順は、実験環境（UN）確実性を操作するために使用されました。 （P = 0.01; P = 0....

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations at JoVE.com

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

人々はソフト触覚を通じて不確実性に対処することができる方法を調べる実験的研究

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has ...

experimental-research-examining-how-people-can-cope-with-uncertainty

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Social Psychology

Behavior

Foundations of Social Psychology

Social Judgement and Decision-Making

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

9.0K ビュー.  VU University. To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

ビデオ: Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

ラバーハンドイリュージョンパラダイムにおける客観行動測定値を得るための手段としてクロスモーダル一致タスク

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

行動学

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

前腕の間のテスト触覚マスキング

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional rubber-hand illusion or the more recently discovered enfacement illusion. However, these examples require rather artificial experimental setups, in which the artificial effector needs to be stroked in synchrony with the participants&#39; real hand or face&#8212;a situation in which participants have no control over the stroking or the movements of their real or artificial effector. Here, we describe a technique to establish ownership illusions in a setup that is more realistic, more intuitive, and of presumably higher ecological validity. It allows creating the virtual-hand illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual hand presented on a screen or in virtual space in front of them. If the virtual hand moves in synchrony with the participants&#39; own real hand, they tend to perceive the virtual hand as part of their own body. The technique also creates the virtual-face illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual face in front of them, again with the effect that they tend to perceive the face as their own if it moves in synchrony with their real face. Studying the circumstances that illusions of this sort can be created, increased, or reduced provides important information about how people create and maintain representations of themselves.

Here, we describe virtual-hand and virtual-face illusion paradigms that can be used to study body-related self-perception/-representation. They have already been used in various studies to demonstrate that, under specific conditions, a virtual hand or face can be incorporated into one&#39;s body representation, suggesting that body representations are rather flexible.

自己表現を調査するために、仮想手と仮想面のイリュージョンを作成します

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional ...

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses

This work describes a methodological framework that can be used to explicitly and implicitly characterize the sense of agency developed over the neural-machine interface (NMI) control of sensate virtual or robotic prosthetic hands. The formation of agency is fundamental in distinguishing the actions that we perform with our limbs as being our own. By striving to incorporate advanced upper-limb prostheses into these same perceptual mechanisms, we can begin to integrate an artificial limb more closely into the user&#39;s existing cognitive framework for limb control. This has important implications in promoting user acceptance, use, and effective control of advanced upper-limb prostheses. In this protocol, participants control a virtual prosthetic hand and receive kinesthetic sensory feedback through their preexisting NMIs. A series of virtual grasping tasks are performed and perturbations are systematically introduced to the kinesthetic feedback and virtual hand movements. Two separate measures of agency are employed: established psychophysical questionnaires (to capture the explicit experience of agency) and a time interval estimate task to capture the implicit sense of agency (intentional binding). Results of this protocol (questionnaire scores and time interval estimates) can be analyzed to quantify the extent of agency formation.

Here we present a protocol which characterizes the sense of agency developed over the control of sensate virtual or robotic prosthetic hands. Psychophysical questionnaires are employed to capture the explicit experience of agency, and time interval estimates (intentional binding) are employed to implicitly measure the sense of agency.

ニューラル マシン インターフェイス運営義足の操作上代理店の感覚の特性

This work describes a methodological framework that can be used to explicitly and implicitly characterize the sense of agency developed over the ...

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

How is our bodily self-consciousness acquired, and how does it affect cognition? To investigate this, we conducted an experiment using the squeeze machine, a device that provides pressure along the length of the user&#8217;s whole body. The squeeze machine is used to help autistic people relax. The inventor of the machine, Dr. Temple Grandin says that the squeeze machine, beyond bringing her relaxation, enables her to feel empathy for others. This claim is of considerable interest and raises the following two points; first, the problem of empathy in autism is an important issue and Squeeze Machine could be effective. Second, it suggests that the physical action of Squeeze Machine could provide an insight of mind-body problem to us. Here, we hypothesize that the squeeze machine focuses conscious to direct the bodily self, transforming bodily self-consciousness itself. Such intentionality could bring empathy to others. In this study, we tested whether bodily self-consciousness would be transformed through the squeeze-machine experience. In the first part of the protocol, we simplified the original design of Grandin&#8217;s squeeze machine but ensured that it retained its relaxing effect. In the second part of the protocol, we adopted a preestablished method of peri-personal space (PPS) measurement to estimate changes in extended bodily space. The results showed that the boundaries of PPS that appeared in the control experiment disappeared during the use of the squeeze machine. Indeed, collected subjective reports suggest that bodily self-consciousness continually drifted between the point of action of the external force (squeeze-machine pressure) and of an internal force (balance among body parts that are usually not consciously controlled), leading to the abandonment of the immobilization of individual PPS.

The squeeze machine, a V-shaped device that provides pressure along the whole body is used in therapy especially for people with autism. Here, we focus on its possible use in experiments to capture the typical transformations of bodily self-consciousness with peri-personal space measurement.

スクイズ マシン実験の身体意識の変容を観察すること

How is our bodily self-consciousness acquired, and how does it affect cognition? To investigate this, we conducted an experiment using the squeeze ...

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile feedback (VTF). This protocol aims to test the effect of VTF on the response to incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. The tactile feedback is acquired by grasping a block and moving it across a partition. The visual feedback is a real-time virtual presentation of the moving block, acquired using a motion capture system. The congruent feedback is the reliable presentation of the movement of the block, so that the subject feels that the block is grasped and see it move along with the path of the hand. The incongruent feedback appears as the movement of the block diverts from the actual movement path, so that it seems to drop from the hand when it is actually still held by the subject, thereby contradicting the tactile feedback. Twenty subjects (age 30.2 &#177; 16.3) repeated 16 block transfers, while their hand was hidden. These were repeated with VTF and without VTF (total of 32 block transfers). Incongruent stimuli were presented randomly twice within the 16 repetitions in each condition (with and without VTF). Each subject was asked to rate the difficulty level of performing the task with and without the VTF. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of the hand paths and durations between transfers recorded with congruent and incongruent visual-tactile signals &#8211; with and without the VTF. The perceived difficulty level of performing the task with the VTF significantly correlated with the normalized path length of the block with VTF (r = 0.675, p = 0.002). This setup is used to quantify the additive or reductive value of VTF during motor function that involves incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. Possible applications are prosthetics design, smart sport-wear, or any other garments that incorporate VTF.

We present a protocol to apply incongruent visual-tactile stimuli during an object transfer task. Specifically, during block transfers, performed while the hand is hidden, a virtual presentation of the block shows random occurrences of false block drops. The protocol also describes adding vibrotactile feedback while performing the motor task.

振動触覚フィードバックを用いた物体移動時の不適合視覚触覚刺激の適用

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile ...

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to sense spatial information is the strongest in the skin on the hands. This ability is termed tactile spatial acuity, and is measured by the tactile threshold or discrimination threshold. At present, the two-point threshold is extensively used as a measure of tactile spatial acuity, although many studies have indicated that critical deficits exist in two-point discrimination. Therefore, a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system was developed, the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator (TSPAS), using the tactile angle discrimination threshold as a new measure for tactile spatial acuity. The TSPAS is a simple, easily operated system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling movement speed, distance, and contact duration. The components of the TSPAS are described in detail as well as the procedure to calculate the tactile angle discrimination threshold.

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Presented is the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator TSPAS, a new way to assess tactile spatial acuity and tactile angle discrimination using a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling for movement speed, distance, and contact duration.

触覚半自動受動指角刺激装置(TSPAS)

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to ...

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Avoidance behavior is a key contributor to the transition from acute pain to chronic pain disability. Yet, there has been a lack of ecologically valid paradigms to experimentally investigate pain-related avoidance. To fill this gap, we developed a paradigm (the robotic arm-reaching paradigm) to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of pain-related avoidance behavior. Existing avoidance paradigms (mostly in the context of anxiety research) have often operationalized avoidance as an experimenter-instructed, low-cost response, superimposed on stimuli associated with threat during a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure. In contrast, the current method offers increased ecological validity in terms of instrumental learning (acquisition) of avoidance, and by adding a cost to the avoidance response. In the paradigm, participants perform arm-reaching movements from a starting point to a target using a robotic arm, and freely choose between three different movement trajectories to do so. The movement trajectories differ in probability of being paired with a painful electrocutaneous stimulus, and in required effort in terms of deviation and resistance. Specifically, the painful stimulus can be (partly) avoided at the cost of performing movements requiring increased effort. Avoidance behavior is operationalized as the maximal deviation from the shortest trajectory on each trial. In addition to explaining how the new paradigm can help understand the acquisition of avoidance, we describe adaptations of the robotic arm-reaching paradigm for (1) examining the spread of avoidance to other stimuli (generalization), (2) modeling clinical treatment in the lab (extinction of avoidance using response prevention), as well as (3) modeling relapse, and return of avoidance following extinction (spontaneous recovery). Given the increased ecological validity, and numerous possibilities for extensions and/or adaptations, the robotic arm-reaching paradigm offers a promising tool to facilitate the investigation of avoidance behavior and to further our understanding of its underlying processes.

Avoidance is central to chronic pain disability, yet adequate paradigms for examining pain-related avoidance are lacking. Therefore, we developed a paradigm that allows investigating how pain-related avoidance behavior is learned (acquisition), spreads to other stimuli (generalization), can be mitigated (extinction), and how it may subsequently re-emerge (spontaneous recovery).

ロボットアームに到達するパラダイムを用いた疼痛関連回避行動の調査

Avoidance behavior is a key contributor to the transition from acute pain to chronic pain disability. Yet, there has been a lack of ecologically valid ...

Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus

Measuring inflammation-induced changes in thresholds of hind paw withdrawal from mechanical pressure is a useful technique to assess changes in pain perception in rodents. Withdrawal thresholds can be measured first at baseline and then following drug, venom, injury, allergen,&#160;or otherwise evoked inflammation by applying an accurate force on very specific areas of the skin. An electronic von Frey apparatus allows precise assessment of mouse hind paw withdrawal thresholds that are not limited by the available filament sizes in contrast to classical von Frey measurements. The ease and rapidity of measurements allow for incorporation of assessment of tactile sensitivity outcomes in diverse models of rapid-onset inflammatory and neuropathic pain as multiple measurements can be taken within a short time period. Experimental measurements for individual rodent subjects can be internally controlled against individual baseline responses and exclusion criteria easily established to standardize baseline responses within and across experimental groups. Thus, measurements using an electronic von Frey apparatus represent a useful modification of the well-established classical von Frey filament-based assays for rodent mechanical allodynia that may also be applied to other nonhuman mammalian models.

Electronic von Frey measurements are an effective and improved alternative to classical von Frey filaments, as they allow rapid and precise measurement of changes in rodent mechanical withdrawal thresholds to continuously applied pressure stimuli before and after an inflammatory event.

Measuring inflammation-induced changes in thresholds of hind paw withdrawal from mechanical pressure is a useful technique to assess changes in pain ...

神経科学

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of outcome measures of upper extremity motor performance has grown. However, clinicians and researchers lack practical, quantitative measures of the hand&#8217;s natural role as a receptor of the environment. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), developed by Williams and colleagues in 2006, is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance. Though not available commercially, the HASTe can be fabricated from inexpensive materials, and it has been used successfully to identify impairments in haptic touch in individuals with stroke. (Williams, 2006). This paper presents the methods of design and fabrication of the HASTe testing kit, as well as a visual screen to be used during administration, and instructions for the tests administration and scoring.

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe.

ハンドアクティブ感覚テスト（ヘイスト）の設計、製造、および管理

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of ...

人々はソフト触覚を通じて不確実性に対処することができる方法を調べる実験的研究

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ラバーハンドイリュージョンパラダイムにおける客観行動測定値を得るための手段としてクロスモーダル一致タスク

前腕の間のテスト触覚マスキング

自己表現を調査するために、仮想手と仮想面のイリュージョンを作成します

ニューラルマシンインターフェイス運営義足の操作上代理店の感覚の特性

スクイズマシン実験の身体意識の変容を観察すること

振動触覚フィードバックを用いた物体移動時の不適合視覚触覚刺激の適用

触覚半自動受動指角刺激装置(TSPAS)

ロボットアームに到達するパラダイムを用いた疼痛関連回避行動の調査

Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus

ハンドアクティブ感覚テスト（ヘイスト）の設計、製造、および管理

人々はソフト触覚を通じて不確実性に対処することができる方法を調べる実験的研究

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ラバーハンドイリュージョンパラダイムにおける客観行動測定値を得るための手段としてクロスモーダル一致タスク

前腕の間のテスト触覚マスキング

自己表現を調査するために、仮想手と仮想面のイリュージョンを作成します

ニューラル マシン インターフェイス運営義足の操作上代理店の感覚の特性

スクイズ マシン実験の身体意識の変容を観察すること

振動触覚フィードバックを用いた物体移動時の不適合視覚触覚刺激の適用

触覚半自動受動指角刺激装置(TSPAS)

ロボットアームに到達するパラダイムを用いた疼痛関連回避行動の調査

Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus

ハンドアクティブ感覚テスト（ヘイスト）の設計、製造、および管理

ニューラルマシンインターフェイス運営義足の操作上代理店の感覚の特性

スクイズマシン実験の身体意識の変容を観察すること