We are supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 81400590), National Institutes of Health (U54 CA156735) and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. (MA-NC-D-156).

全ての動物実験は、施設内動物管理使用委員会により承認されています。 1.マウスの準備<ol><li>体重や手術の時代に〜6週間以上〜20グラムの上にマウスを使用してください。 </li><li>手術前に、マウスを実験用固形飼料および水を自由に与え、12時12分時間の明暗サイクルで維持しています。 </li><li>バリカンで手術領域を剃ります。 80ミリグラム/ kgのケタミンおよび12 ​​mgの/ kgのキシラジンの腹腔内注射によりマウスを麻酔。この用量は、数分で眠りにマウスを置くと、次の外科的処置のための十分な麻酔を提供します。 </li><li>フットパッドが挟まれたときに角膜反射と四肢後退の欠如に基づいて、適切な麻酔を確認してください。乾燥を防ぐために、目に眼軟膏を潤滑に適用します。 </li><li>ベタジン溶液で皮膚を滅菌します。 </li></ol> 2.胃逆流モデル（図1B） <ol><li>アッパーを作ります肛門を指して剣状突起から始まる1〜2センチ正中切開。 </li><li>正中線を通って腹腔を開きます。ハサミで露出を高めるために、剣状突起を外します。 </li><li>セパレート、肝臓と胃の間の結合組織をカット。眼底まで完全に解放するために脾臓および眼底間の維管束を連結し、カット。 </li><li>少し左に眼底を回し、フィールドに胃食道接合部の左側を公開します。上皮を公開するために、鋭いハサミを使用して遠位食道に沿って筋肉の5ミリメートル縦切開を行います。 </li><li>同じ方向（切開1、 図1B）に沿って上皮を開いてカットします。シャープな操作ハサミで胃のほとんどを遮断するために胃（切開2、図3、図4、 図1B）の3つの切開を行います。胃が空でない場合は、慎重に胃内容物を除去します。 </li><li> 8-0プロレンスツ語を配置再正確な粘膜とポイントを介して（胃の）（食道上）と​​点A &#39;（テーパ点針で）反対粘膜します。同様に、それぞれ、点Bと点B &#39;を介して縫合糸を配置し、ポイントの他のペア。均等にスペースこれらの縫合糸互いに3〜4ミリメートル。 </li><li>血液や胃内容物をクリーンアップするために生理食塩水で腹腔を洗浄します。絹縫合糸で腹壁と金属製のクリップで皮膚を閉じます。 </li></ol> 3.混合還流モデル（図1C） <ol><li>フォローは胃食道接合部を露出させるために2.4から2.1を繰り返します。 </li><li>ゆっくり食道の後ろの血管から食道の背側を分離します。食道と血管との間の小さな綿棒を渡します。 注：コットンは、部分的にそのサイズを減少させるためにチップから除去することができます。これは綿の先端が食道を持ち上げ、血管を保護し、2つの目的があります。 </li><li> 2 5ミリメートル縦株式会社を作ります胃食道接合部とシャープな操作ハサミで幽門に隣接する十二指腸の近位端にisionsそれぞれ。十二指腸の切開は、血管を避け、抗腸間膜の国境に配置します。 </li><li>中断8-0プロレン縫合糸で反対粘膜ために正確な粘膜に切開を吻合。通常前面に背側の3-4縫合糸および2-3縫合糸を配置します。 </li><li>綿棒を削除します。通常の生理食塩水で腹腔を洗浄し、腹壁と皮膚を閉じます。 </li></ol> 4.十二指腸還流モデル（図1D） <ol><li>混合逆流を生成するために、3.4から3.1のステップに従ってください。 </li><li>慎重にその裏面を露出させるために胃を持ち上げます。肝臓の葉は、肝臓と胃の背面との間に結合組織によって捕捉することができます。慎重に結合組織をカットし、適切に肝臓を保護し、食道の背側の血管を露出させます。 </li><li>で連結され、血管を切りました。胃食道接合部で食道を連結し、カット。 </li><li>幽門で十二指腸を結紮。腸間膜を連結し、カット。胃全体を削除します。 </li><li>通常の生理食塩水で腹腔を洗浄します。腹壁および皮膚を閉じます。 </li></ol> 5.後の外科的治療<ol><li>手術後に加熱パッドで体温を維持。のみ胸骨横臥位を取り戻した後、他の動物とバックマウスを置きます。 </li><li>感染を予防し、痛みを緩和するための抗生物質や鎮痛剤を与えます。鎮痛剤としての感染を予防するバイトリル（3日間の10mg / kg、腹腔内、QD）、及びブプレノルフィン塩酸塩（0.05ミリグラム/ kg、皮下、入札 。2日間）を注入します。断食は、手術後の必要はありません。 液体またはソフト食事を与えられてもよいです。 </li><li>毎日basis.Ifの一般的な健康状態を評価するマウスは、以下の兆候（劇的な体重減少&gt; 15％、アプリの欠如を示しますetite、発声、口、鼻や目からの排出、猫背ジェスチャー、非アクティブ、異常なグルーミング活性）、マウスを安楽死させます。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Kandulski, A., Malfertheiner, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastroesophageal+reflux+disease--from+reflux+episodes+to+mucosal+inflammation.">Gastroesophageal reflux disease--from reflux episodes to mucosal inflammation.</a> Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9 (1), 15-22 (2012).</li><li>Orlando, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+integrity+of+the+esophageal+mucosa.+Balance+between+offensive+and+defensive+mechanisms.">The integrity of the esophageal mucosa. Balance between offensive and defensive mechanisms.</a> Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 24 (6), 873-882 (2010).</li><li>Stairs, D. B., Kong, J., Lynch, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cdx+genes,+inflammation,+and+the+pathogenesis+of+intestinal+metaplasia.">Cdx genes, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of intestinal metaplasia.</a> Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 96, 231-270 (2010).</li><li>Spechler, S. J., Fitzgerald, R. C., Prasad, G. A., History Wang, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=molecular+mechanisms,+and+endoscopic+treatment+of+Barrett's+esophagus.">molecular mechanisms, and endoscopic treatment of Barrett's esophagus.</a> Gastroenterology. 138 (3), 854-869 (2010).</li><li>Fang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+origins+and+molecular+mechanisms+of+Barrett's+esophagus+and+esophageal+adenocarcinoma.">Cellular origins and molecular mechanisms of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1300, 187-199 (2013).</li><li>Garman, K. S., Orlando, R. C., Chen, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review:+Experimental+models+for+Barrett's+esophagus+and+esophageal+adenocarcinoma.">Review: Experimental models for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.</a> Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 302 (11), G1231-G1243 (2012).</li><li>Baruah, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+research+on+Barrett's+esophagus.">Translational research on Barrett's esophagus.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1325, 170-186 (2014).</li><li>Lechpammer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flavopiridol+reduces+malignant+transformation+of+the+esophageal+mucosa+in+p27+knockout+mice.">Flavopiridol reduces malignant transformation of the esophageal mucosa in p27 knockout mice.</a> Oncogene. 24 (10), 1683-1688 (2005).</li><li>Hao, J., Liu, B., Yang, C. S., Chen, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastroesophageal+reflux+leads+to+esophageal+cancer+in+a+surgical+model+with+mice.">Gastroesophageal reflux leads to esophageal cancer in a surgical model with mice.</a> BMC Gastroenterol. 9, 59 (2009).</li><li>Mari, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pSMAD/CDX2+complex+is+essential+for+the+intestinalization+of+epithelial+metaplasia.">A pSMAD/CDX2 complex is essential for the intestinalization of epithelial metaplasia.</a> Cell Rep. 7 (4), 1197-1210 (2014).</li><li>Fang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastroesophageal+reflux+activates+the+NF-kappaB+pathway+and+impairs+esophageal+barrier+function+in+mice.">Gastroesophageal reflux activates the NF-kappaB pathway and impairs esophageal barrier function in mice.</a> Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 305 (1), G58-G65 (2013).</li><li>Chen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nrf2+deficiency+impairs+the+barrier+function+of+mouse+oesophageal+epithelium.">Nrf2 deficiency impairs the barrier function of mouse oesophageal epithelium.</a> Gut. 63 (5), 711-719 (2014).</li></ol>

One of the authors (XC) received funding that was provided by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd which supports basic research associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. None of the reagents or instruments used in this article is produced by this company.

様々な外科モデルは、げっ歯類で胃、十二指腸および混合逆流を模倣するために設立されました。ここに述べた3つの手順は、術後生存のリーズナブルな料金との長期的な実験に適しています。手術経験を持つ研究者は練習の短い期間の後に技術を把握することができるはずです。 出血は、手術前に麻酔薬の腹腔内注射から肝臓、胃、および血管の偶発的な損害との間に?...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder caused by the prolonged exposure of distal esophagus to gastric or gastroduodenal contents1. Prolonged exposure to these noxious refluxates impairs the intrinsic defenses within the esophageal epithelium and thus results in esophagitis2. Barrett&#8217;s esophagus arises in the setting of chronic reflux, and is a premalignant lesion with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma3,4. Despite the clinical importance, the mechanisms of GERD, Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and adenocarcinoma have not been well understood. 
Animal models are essential for research on etiology, pathology, molecular mechanisms, prevention and treatment of human diseases. Up to date, various animal models of GERD, Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and adenocarcinoma have been developed using model animals5,6. Mouse esophagus is lined with stratified squamous epithelium which is histologically similar to that in human esophagus. Although a mouse esophagus is different from human esophagus in terms of keratinization and the absence of submucosal glands, the mouse is still an appealing model animal because of its relatively low cost of maintenance and its potential of sophisticated genetic modifications. Two approaches are commonly used to model GERD, Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and adenocarcinoma in mice: reflux surgery and genetic modification. Reflux surgery is the best way to induce reflux and genetic modifications mimics molecular alterations5,7. Reflux surgery can be combined with genetic modifications to further understand disease mechanisms8. 
Many surgical procedures have been reported by us and others6,9: (1) gastric reflux: pyloric ligation, pyloric constriction with forestomach ligation, Wendel cardioplasty, and esophagogastric anastomosis; (2) mixed reflux: esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis, esophagoduodenostomy (or esophagojejunostomy); (3) duodenal reflux: esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis plus gastrectomy; (4) reflux of chemical components: bilious reflux, pancreatic reflux, esophageal perfusion; and (5) esophageal transplantation5. Recently a microsurgical mouse model was reported to produce jejunal reflux via an esophagojejunostomy with magnets10. These surgical models have advantages over in vitro cell culture or organotypic culture models. In vitro, esophageal cells cannot tolerate a medium with high acidity or high concentrations of bile acids. Unconjugated bile acids which are commonly used to produce changes in esophageal epithelial cells in vitro are usually not present in the duodenal refluxate in vivo. Thus conclusions drawn from such in vitro studies should be taken with caution.
Surgery on the mouse esophagus remains a technical challenge because of its small size. A low rate of postoperative survival does not allow experiments which require certain sample size to reach statistically sound conclusions. In the past we have successfully developed and characterized surgical models of gastric reflux, mixed reflux, duodenal reflux with mice in long-term experiments9,11,12. We have also provided consultation to several other groups in their mouse surgery. Herein, we describe three surgical procedures in mice in order to help the community to establish these models in their labs.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Dumont #1 Forceps Dumostar Tip&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Clip Applying Forceps 5.5&quot;</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bonn Scissors 3.5&quot; Straight 15 mm Sharp/Sharp Tungsten Carbide Blades</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating Scissors 5.5&quot; Straight Sharp/Sharp SureCut</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Silk Black Braid 100 Yard Spool</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgeon&#039;s Needle 1/2 Circle Cutting Edge Size 12 (25 mm Chord Length) Pack 12</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halsey Needle Holder 5&quot; Smooth</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Needle Holder 5.125&quot; Curved Lock .6 mm</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reflex 9 mm Wound Clip Applier</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reflex 9 mm Wound Clips Box Of 100</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. (Gaithersburg, MD)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PRONOVA Poly (hexafluoropropylene-VDF) Suture 8-0</td><td>Ethicon US, LLC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ringer&#039;s solution</td><td>Henry Schein, Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ketamine</td><td>Henry Schein, Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>xylazine</td><td>Henry Schein, Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

surgical models of gastroesophageal reflux with mice

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to induce reflux of gastric contents, duodenal contents or mixed contents. Surgical procedures and general principles have been described in detail. A researcher with surgical experience should be able to grasp the technique after a short period of practice. After surgery, most mice can survive and develop reflux esophagitis similar to that in humans. However, it should be noted that histological differences between mouse and human esophagus are the inherent limitations of these surgical models. If used for research on Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and adenocarcinoma, these procedures may need to be combined with genetic modifications.

ほとんどのマウス（&gt; 95％）が手術に耐えることができます。周術期の期間中、死亡の主要な原因は、麻酔薬の過剰摂取、出血および未知の理由があります。 手術後4週間は、&gt;十二指腸逆流と胃逆流または混合逆流および&gt; 80％のマウスを用いた90％のマウスが生存することができます。この期間中、マウスは主に食道狭窄と食べることができないことで死にます。?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice at JoVE.com

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

This article demonstrates surgical procedures of gastroesophageal reflux with mice. These models are useful tools for research on mechanisms and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and potentially Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

マウスを用いた胃食道逆流の外科モデル

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to ...

surgical-models-of-gastroesophageal-reflux-with-mice

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.1K ビュー.  Ningxia Medical University General Hospital. This article demonstrates surgical procedures of gastroesophageal reflux with mice. These models are useful tools for research on mechanisms and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and potentially Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

ビデオ: Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that contribute to the onset and progression of intestinal diseases. The identification of new molecules that promote these pathologies has led to a flurry of activity focused on the development of potential new therapies to inhibit their function. As a result, various pre-clinical mouse models with an intact immune system and stromal microenvironment are now heavily used. Here we describe three experimental protocols to test the efficacy of new therapeutics in pre-clinical models of (1) acute mucosal damage, (2) chronic colitis and/or colitis-associated colon cancer, and (3) sporadic colorectal cancer. We also outline procedures for serial endoscopic examination that can be used to document the therapeutic response of an individual tumor and to monitor the health of individual mice. These protocols provide complementary experimental platforms to test the effectiveness of therapeutic compounds shown to be well tolerated by mice.

We describe methods for longitudinal monitoring of the efficacy of therapeutics for the treatment of colonic pathologies in mice using a rigid endoscope. This protocol can be readily used for the characterization of the therapeutic response of an individual tumor in live mice and also for monitoring potential disease relapse.

生きたマウスのシリアル内視鏡イメージングを使用して、腸の異常のための新しい治療の有効性の非侵襲的評価

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic ...

医学

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that is present in half of the global population and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Several mouse models of gastric Helicobacter infection have been developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby H. pylori bacteria colonize the stomach of human hosts and cause disease. Herein, we describe protocols to: 1) prepare bacterial suspensions for the in vivo infection of mice via intragastric gavage; 2) determine bacterial colonization levels in mouse gastric tissues, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viable counting; and 3) assess pathological changes, by histology. To establish Helicobacter infection in mice, specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals are first inoculated with suspensions (containing &#8805;105 colony-forming units, CFUs) of mouse-colonizing strains of either Helicobacter pylori or other gastric Helicobacter spp. from animals, such as Helicobacter felis. At the appropriate time-points post-infection, stomachs are excised and dissected sagittally into two equal tissue fragments, each comprising the antrum and body regions. One of these fragments is then used for either viable counting or DNA extraction, while the other is subjected to histological processing. Bacterial colonization and histopathological changes in the stomach may be assessed routinely in gastric tissue sections stained with Warthin-Starry, Giemsa or Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&#38;E) stains, as appropriate. Additional immunological analyses may also be undertaken by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence on mouse gastric tissue sections. The protocols described below are specifically designed to enable the assessment in mice of gastric pathologies resembling those in human-related H. pylori diseases, including inflammation, gland atrophy and lymphoid follicle formation. The inoculum preparation and intragastric gavage protocols may also be adapted to study the pathogenesis of other enteric human pathogens that colonize mice, such as Salmonella Typhimurium or Citrobacter rodentium.

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies

Mice represent an invaluable in vivo model to study infection and diseases caused by gastrointestinal microorganisms. Here, we describe the methods used to study bacterial colonization and histopathological changes in mouse models of Helicobacter pylori-related disease.

ヘリコバクター ・ ピロリ感染と胃の病理のマウス ・ モデル

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that is present in half of the global population and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in ...

免疫・感染学

Techniques of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice

Obesity is a major public health issue, with a prevalence of 4 to 28% for men and 6.2 to 36.5% for women in Europe (from 2003 to 2008). Morbid obesity is frequently associated with metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, reducing life expectancy and quality. In the absence of any effective noninvasive treatments, bariatric surgery is a valuable therapeutic option for patients with morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI) &#62;40 kg/m2), leading to long-term, sustained weight loss and improvements in metabolic complications. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms sustaining the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are not yet fully understood. Due to the numerous genetically-modified strains available, the mouse model is the most convenient animal model to explore the molecular mechanisms behind the pleiotropic beneficial effects of bariatric surgeries. Here, we detailed the optimized healthcare methods and surgical protocols in mice for the two most widely-used bariatric surgeries: the sleeve gastrectomy and the modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of bariatric surgeries offers the promise of identifying new therapeutics targets.

Bariatric surgery is the most efficient way to reduce body weight and the deadly metabolic complications (diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia) frequently associated with morbid obesity. Mouse models of bariatric surgery represent a unique asset for deciphering molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of these surgeries on diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

スリーブ胃切除およびマウスにおける変更されたルーワイ胃バイパスのテクニック

Obesity is a major public health issue, with a prevalence of 4 to 28% for men and 6.2 to 36.5% for women in Europe (from 2003 to 2008). Morbid obesity is ...

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of colonic surgeries and can occur in up to 26% of surgical anastomoses, with mortality being up to 39% for patients with such a leak. Currently, there remains a paucity of data detailing the cellular mechanisms of anastomotic healing. Devising preventative strategies and treatment modalities for anastomotic leak could be greatly potentiated by a better understanding of appropriate anastomotic healing.
A murine model is ideal as previous studies have shown that the murine anastomosis is the most clinically similar to the human case as compared with other animal models. We offer an easily reproducible murine model of colonic anastomosis in mice that will allow for further illustration of anastomotic healing.

Anastomotic leak or breakdown after surgery is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Our surgery for creating a colonic anastomosis is a reliable and reproducible method for studying the healing mechanisms of anastomoses.

マウスの消化管吻合の作成

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of ...

Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips

The number of people who are overweight and obese is continually increasing both in the adult and adolescent populations. This coincides with the increased universal phenomenon of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other metabolic problems. Bariatric surgery, such as SG, is currently one of the most effective and commonly used long-term treatment for obesity and T2D, but the association between them is not completely explored yet. The mechanisms underlying the outcomes seen after bariatric surgery in humans can be investigated based on preclinical animal studies. The SG reduces body weight, glucose levels and many metabolic parameters, and is easy to perform with a low incidence of complications. The goal of this work is to provide a simple method and an uncomplicated preclinical model of bariatric surgery in animals for researchers.

The prevalence of diabetes and obesity is continuously increasing worldwide. The mechanisms between diabetes, obesity and their associated mortality and co-morbidities need to be further investigated. Here, we present a protocol for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in animals as an uncomplicated preclinical model of bariatric surgery.

外科用クリップを用いたマウスにおけるスリーブ胃切れ術

The number of people who are overweight and obese is continually increasing both in the adult and adolescent populations. This coincides with the ...

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes ...

A Murine Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy

Bariatric surgery, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), is a surgery of the gastrointestinal tract that is performed for the purpose of weight loss. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective long-term treatment for obesity. In addition to weight loss, bariatric surgery produces additional health benefits such as remission of type 2 diabetes, remission of hypertension, and decreased risk of developing certain types of cancer. The mechanisms beyond weight loss for these benefits remain incompletely defined. Therefore, animal models of bariatric surgery are being developed and validated to identify the mechanisms leading to these benefits, with the goal of improving understanding of gastrointestinal physiology and identifying new therapeutic targets. VSG has become the most commonly performed bariatric procedure in the clinic in the United States because it is highly effective at producing weight loss and metabolic improvement, and is simpler to perform than other bariatric procedures. Therefore, we have developed and validated a murine model of VSG. This murine VSG model recapitulates many of the effects of VSG seen in humans, including improved glucose and blood pressure regulation. The method is based on isolation of the stomach, ligation of gastric vessels, and removal of 70% of the stomach by transecting along the greater curvature of the stomach. We have successfully applied this surgical protocol to various genetically modified mouse lines to define the mechanistic contributors to the benefits of VSG. Furthermore, this murine VSG model has been combined with other surgical techniques, to achieve deeper mechanistic insight. Therefore, this is a simple and versatile model for studying gastrointestinal physiology and the health benefits of bariatric surgery.

The following describes the performance of vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice. This is a type of weight-loss surgery that involves removal of approximately 70% of the stomach.

垂直方向のスリーブ胃切除術のマウスモデル

Bariatric surgery, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), is a surgery of the gastrointestinal tract that is performed for the purpose of weight loss. ...

生物学

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including tumorous growths. However, the cellular remodeling mechanisms involved in, and caused by, intestinal obstructions are poorly understood. Several animal models of intestinal obstructions have been developed, but the mouse model is the most cost/time effective. The mouse model uses the surgical implantation of an intestinal partial obstruction (PO) that has a high mortality rate if it is not performed correctly. In addition, mice receiving PO surgery fail to develop hypertrophy if an appropriate blockade is not used or not properly placed. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for PO surgery which produces reliable and reproducible intestinal obstructions with a very low mortality rate. This protocol utilizes a surgically placed silicone ring that surrounds the ileum which partially blocks digestive movement in the small intestine. The partial blockage makes the intestine become dilated due to the halt of digestive movement. The dilation of the intestine induces smooth muscle hypertrophy on the oral side of the ring that progressively develops over 2 weeks until it causes death. The surgical PO mouse model offers an in vivo model of hypertrophic intestinal tissue useful for studying pathological changes of intestinal cells including smooth muscle cells (SMC), interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), PDGFR&#945;+, and neuronal cells during the development of intestinal obstruction.

Intestinal obstructions are a partial or complete blockage of the intestine that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and preventing the passage of stool. This procedure for creating intestinal partial obsructions in mice is reliable in studying the mechanisms underlying pathological cell growth and death in the intestine.

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウス モデル

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including ...

Murine Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Surgical Procedure to Downsize Stomach in Experimental Mouse Models

Source: Garibay, D., Cummings, B. P. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/video/56534" target="_blank">A Murine Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
In this video, a vertical sleeve gastrectomy procedure is performed on an experimental mouse model. This procedure helps remove a significant portion of the stomach along its greater curvature.

マウス垂直スリーブ胃切除術:実験マウスモデルにおける胃のサイズを縮小するための外科的処置

Source: Garibay, D., Cummings, B. P. A Murine Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
In this video, a vertical sleeve gastrectomy ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

がん研究

消化器癌

動物モデル研究

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Procedure: A Bariatric Surgical Procedure for Gastric Resectioning in Murine Model

For a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, make a midline skin incision from the sternum to the middle of the abdomen, protecting the skin with a sterile compress soaked with 37 degrees Celsius saline solution.
Externalize the intestine and measure 8 centimeters from the pyloris. Using 5-0 non-absorbable sutures, place two ligatures on the intestine on either side of the 8-centimeter mark, and cut the tissue between the sutures.
Then, place the proximal limb of the tissue in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, and the distal limb facing the alimentary limb, 6 centimeters below the proximal limb. Using micro scissors, cut both the proximal limb and the intestinal loop, and make two anti-mesenteric incisions of the same length. Next, use two 8-0 non-absorbable sutures to make a side-to-side anastomosis; placing the dorsal side anastomosis first, followed by the ventral side anastomosis.
Gently roll two moistened cotton swabs toward each side of the anastomosis, to confirm that the suture is leakproof, and carefully externalizing the stomach as just demonstrated. Place a re-absorbable hemostatic collagen compress behind the organ, and used curved micro forceps to pass a 5-0 non-absorbable suture through the omentum to ligate the pylorus.
Cut the ventral side of the stomach 1.5 centimeters from the pylorus and the distal limb, creating two incisions of the same length, followed by a dorsal to ventral side to side anastomosis with two 8-0 non-absorbable sutures. Confirm that the suture does not leak.
Then, close the muscle layer of the abdominal wall and the skin, with 5-0 non-absorbable sutures, and administer 25 milliliters per kilogram of warm saline solution, via subcutaneous injection.
When the mouse has fully recovered from the anesthesia, place the animal alone in a cage in 30 degrees Celsius incubator for 5 days, with daily iron and vitamin supplementation and analgesia, and free access to gel diet food for the first two days. On the third day after surgery, reintroduce solid food to the animal&#39;s diet.

マウスを用いた胃食道逆流の外科モデル

要約

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この動画の章

生きたマウスのシリアル内視鏡イメージングを使用して、腸の異常のための新しい治療の有効性の非侵襲的評価

ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染と胃の病理のマウス・モデル

スリーブ胃切除およびマウスにおける変更されたルーワイ胃バイパスのテクニック

マウスの消化管吻合の作成

外科用クリップを用いたマウスにおけるスリーブ胃切れ術

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

垂直方向のスリーブ胃切除術のマウスモデル

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウスモデル

マウス垂直スリーブ胃切除術:実験マウスモデルにおける胃のサイズを縮小するための外科的処置

Roux-en-Y胃バイパス術:マウスモデルにおける胃切除術のための肥満外科手術

マウスを用いた胃食道逆流の外科モデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

生きたマウスのシリアル内視鏡イメージングを使用して、腸の異常のための新しい治療の有効性の非侵襲的評価

ヘリコバクター ・ ピロリ感染と胃の病理のマウス ・ モデル

スリーブ胃切除およびマウスにおける変更されたルーワイ胃バイパスのテクニック

マウスの消化管吻合の作成

外科用クリップを用いたマウスにおけるスリーブ胃切れ術

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

垂直方向のスリーブ胃切除術のマウスモデル

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウス モデル

マウス垂直スリーブ胃切除術:実験マウスモデルにおける胃のサイズを縮小するための外科的処置

Roux-en-Y胃バイパス術:マウスモデルにおける胃切除術のための肥満外科手術

ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染と胃の病理のマウス・モデル

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウスモデル