LTは、大学医学部ゲッティンゲンForschungsförderungsprogrammから助成金を受けています。 PLとMBは脳の分子生理学（CMPB）、ゲッティンゲンのためのDFG研究センターによってサポートされていました。著者らは、オーディオとビデオ編集のヘルプのためのビデオ撮影とビルギットLiebauの支援については博士ラースTatenhorstに感謝します。

動物は、ジャクソン研究所（＃002726）1から購入した。それらは臨床的に獲得し、運動機能（ロータロッド試験）と筋力（ワイヤ試験をぶら下げ）の試験に供されています。すべてのこれらの試験や動物の殺害後脊髄を準備するためには、動物実験の適正な実施のためのローカルガイドラインに非常に近くに基づき行われてきた。 1。臨床スコア別に体重マウスの評価から以下の4点のスコアリングシステム2運動障害の兆候がないか調べられます： 4点：通常（運動機能障害の兆し） 3点：尾によって中断されたときに後肢の震えは明白です 2点：歩行異常が存在 1点：少なくとも一つの後肢のドラッグ 0点：対称麻痺自体右側にできない、または最大体重の20％の損失が、この場合には動物は直ちに安楽死させ、実験が終了した 2。運動機能のテストと筋力ワイヤーハンギングこのテストは、筋力3、4を評価するために使用されています。すべての動物は、少なくとも1日か2日ロータロッドテストの後にこのテストを実行します。各マウスは0.8 cmの間隔でカスタムメイドの線の蓋の上に置き、慎重に逆さまになっている、藁上に60 cmの底部を覆った。少なくとも180秒の3回連続しての訓練の後に落ちるように遅延が測定されます。各マウスは、180秒の最大かつ最長の期間が記録されているため、反転蓋を保持するには、次の3つの試行までに与えられます。 ロータロッドテスト3、4を用いて測定した。優れた性能は感覚調整の高い学位を必要とします。マシンがテストされた動物の気を散らす刺激を避けるために、穏やかな、非妨害環境に配置する必要があります。それはコンピュータ制御のモーター駆動回転スピンドルと5匹のマウスのための5つのレーンで構成されています。マウスの滝は下部のプラスチック板に圧力を自動的に検出されます。 15 rpmの一定速度で少なくとも180秒の3回連続しての訓練後、動物は回転棒上に残ることができるの時間が測定されます。各動物は、3つの試験と立ち下がりが記録されずに長い待ち時間を受ける。運動協調性に有意差の大半がこの時間枠内で検出されているため、180秒の時間がカットオフ時間として選択されます。 3。脊髄の準備<ol class="lalpha"><li>動物は、地元のガイドラインに従い、CO 2吸入によって殺されており、すぐに4％パラホルムアルデヒド溶液、続いてPBS溶液でtranscardially灌流されています。 </li><li>犠牲にマウスの脊髄を準備するために、動物は、操作テーブルの上に配置され、四肢は、マウスの裏面を露出させるために側に固定されています。 </li><li> 70％エタノール溶液で短い洗浄は、解剖部位をきれいにし、髪のコートを平坦化します。 </li><li>その後、皮膚は正中線に鋭いメスで切開されています。皮膚を切る容易にするために両側に延伸される。脚の筋肉が準備されなければならない場合は、その皮膚が切開されることもあります。 </li><li>皮膚切開が完了したら、それはボディの基本的な表在筋膜を露出させるピンセットで脇にプルアップされています。 </li><li>首の筋肉と項靱帯を除去しなければならないとCAです。refully用意しました。深く病変脊髄に切開しないように注意してください。肩の筋肉にも優れた脊柱を露出させるために削除することができます。 </li><li>その後、傍脊柱筋全体脊柱から削除されます。 </li><li>脊柱を開くためには、いくつかのlaminectomiesは、実行する必要があります。一つは、環椎後頭関節のサイトで上位脳神経の部分から開始する必要があります。 </li><li>上部の2肢の固定を削除し、最初の脊椎の椎弓切除を行うことが良いことができるように首を引き伸ばし過ぎるのが最も簡単です。これらが露出し脊髄に触れずに引き離されています。 </li><li>多くの脊椎は、最初の角度をハサミで両側に脊椎のアーチをtransectingし、背側のプロセスに引いて削除されます。椎骨の残りの側面部分は脊髄の後の完全な除去を容易にするために削除する必要があります。 </li><li>腰部脊椎の解剖学的ランドマークlのコードはまた、頚部脊髄に存在して腫れることがあります。 </li><li>全体脊髄の椎弓切除を終え、あなたもすべての腹根を横断すると髄膜の硬膜から脊髄を解放することを確認してください。 </li><li>その後、脊髄は頭側カットとは、脊髄を除去するために開始されています。 </li><li>最後に、脊髄も完全に解放される遠位馬尾·馬尾で切断されています。 </li><li>最終的に、脊髄を一晩postfixating溶液（例えば4％パラホルムアルデヒド）に配置され、さらに処理することができます。我々は通常、免疫組織学的解析のためにそれを準備する脊髄凍結切片。 </li></ol> 4。代表的な結果脊髄の準備のテクニックは、このビデオの記事の焦点を表しています。これは後に組織切片のために、最終的には脊椎の免疫組織学的解析のために必須の前提条件です。lのコードのセクションを参照してください。最終結果の一例として、野生型マウスの腰部脊髄（WT）およびSOD G93Aトランス（TG）マウスの前角領域の免疫組織化学的後処理が実証されています。運動ニューロンは、一次抗ChATの抗体および二次Cy3標識抗体を用いて、後続の蛍光標識を識別することができます。さらに、DAPI（4,6 -ジアミジノ-2 -フェニル）核カウンター染色（ 図1）が実行されています。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3936/3936fig1.jpg" alt="図1" /> 図1抗ChATの抗体（赤）と野生型（WT）マウスの腰部脊髄前角（左側）とのDAPI（青）による細胞核のカウンター染色と運動ニューロンの免疫を可視化する蛍光顕微鏡SOD G93Aトランスジェニック（Tg）（右）130日齢のマウス。スケールバー：40μm以下。 の免疫組織化学的分析などSOD G93Aマウスは、この記事のプライマリスコープではありませんこれらのトランスジェニックマウスが特徴づけられているた元の出版物、さらに、参照1、5、6のために治療法を勉強し、より最近のものを参照してください。治療効果が明確に定義された免疫組織学的レベルで区別されなければならない場合、定量的な評価アルゴリズムは、立体的なソフトウェア（例えば、7を参照）でサポートされて適用されるべきである。

<ol>
	<li>Gurney, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+neuron+degeneration+in+mice+that+express+a+human+Cu,+Zn+superoxide+dismutase+mutation.">Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutation.</a> Science. 264 (5166), 1772-1775 (1994).</li><li>Weydt, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+disease+onset+and+progression+in+the+SOD1+mouse+model+of+ALS.">Assessing disease onset and progression in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS.</a> Neuroreport. 14 (7), 1051-1054 (2003).</li><li>Crawley, J. 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Invest. 119 (11), 3437-3449 (2009).</li><li>Pitzer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Granulocyte&#45;colony+stimulating+factor+improves+outcome+in+a+mouse+model+of+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Granulocyte&#45;colony stimulating factor improves outcome in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Brain. 131 (Pt. 12), 3335-3347 (2008).</li><li>Gowing, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ablation+of+proliferating+microglia+does+not+affect+motor+neuron+degeneration+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis+caused+by+mutant+superoxide+dismutase.">Ablation of proliferating microglia does not affect motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutant superoxide dismutase.</a> J. 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利害の衝突が宣言されません。

SOD1（G93A）の遺伝的マウスモデルはヒトの筋萎縮性側索硬化症8に匹敵する進歩的な運動ニューロン損失の疾患経過を研究する貴重な動物モデルである。異なる治療パラダイムの様々なこのモデルでは評価され、後で人間の臨床試験8-10にテストするための基礎を表すされています。これらのマウスの実験的治療の研究では有意差を検出することができるようにするためには、?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td> メーカー </td><td> オーダ情報 </td></tr><tr><td> 行動実験 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>マウス用ロータロッド</td><td>ウーゴ·バジーレ、Comerio、イタリア</td><td> ＃47600 </td></tr><tr><td> Wireデバイスをぶら下げ</td><td>カスタムメード</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td> 脊髄の準備 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>演算表 動作ランプ 保護手袋</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>側に角度 &quot;アイリス&quot;はさみ、 </td><td>ファイン科学ツール、ハイデルベルク、ドイツ</td><td> 14063から09 </td></tr><tr><td>コー​​ハン-Vannas春のはさみ、ストレート</td><td>ファイン科学ツール、ハイデルベルク、ドイツ</td><td> 15000から10 </td&gt; </tr><tr><td>マイクロ鉗子</td><td> Hammacher、ゾーリンゲン、ドイツ</td><td> HWC 111から10 </td></tr><tr><td>メス &quot;präzisaプラス&quot; </td><td> Dahlhausen、ケルン、ドイツ</td><td> 11.000.00.510、図10 </td></tr></tbody></table>

clinical testing and spinal cord removal in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)

筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）は運動ニューロンの進行性変性をもたらす致命的な神経変性疾患である。発症のピークは散発的な疾患および家族性疾患のため50歳前後60歳前後である。その進行性の経過により、患者の50％は、発症から30ヶ月以内に死亡する。この病気のための新たな治療の選択肢を評価するために、ALSの遺伝子のマウスモデルは、そのようなSOD1（G93A）突然変異としてSOD遺伝子の人間の家族の変異に基づいて生成されています。モデルで評価しなければならない最も重要な側面は、全生存期間、臨床経過と運動機能があります。ここでは、臨床評価を示し、二つの行動モーターテストの伝導を示し、すべてのパラメータの定量的なスコアリングシステムを提供しています。 ALSモデルマウスの深さ分析の通常脊髄の免疫組織化学的検査を必要とするため、我々は何を適用する詳細にその準備を実証rsal椎弓切除術の方法。典型的な組織学的所見が実証されています。 ALSのモデルマウスの研究で示され検査法の包括的なアプリケーションは、研究者が確実に後でヒト臨床試験のための基礎を提供することができ、将来の治療オプションをテストすることが可能になります。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS at JoVE.com

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）のマウスモデルは、臨床的および行動的に検討されている。付随する免疫組織学的分析のための前提条件として、脊髄の調製は、詳細に描かれています。

臨床試験および筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）のマウスモデルにおける脊髄の除去

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of motoneurons. Peak of onset is around 60 ...

clinical-testing-spinal-cord-removal-mouse-model-for-amyotrophic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

28.0K ビュー.  University Medicine Göttingen. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）のマウスモデルは、臨床的および行動的に検討されている。付随する免疫組織学的分析のための前提条件として、脊髄の調製は、詳細に描かれています。

ビデオ: Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases 1 and is the ultimate cause of death in patients with the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS) 2.
ALS is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by relatively rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Patients ultimately succumb to the disease on average 2-5 years following diagnosis because of respiratory paralysis due to loss of phrenic motor neuron innnervation of the diaphragm 3. The vast majority of cases are sporadic, while 10% are of the familial form. Approximately twenty percent of familial cases are linked to various point mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene on chromosome 21 4. Transgenic mice 4,5 and rats 6 carrying mutant human SOD1 genes (G93A, G37R, G86R, G85R) have been generated, and, despite the existence of other animal models of motor neuron loss, are currently the most highly used models of the disease.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a heterogeneous set of conditions resulting from physical trauma to the spinal cord, with functional outcome varying according to the type, location and severity of the injury 7. Nevertheless, approximately half of human SCI cases affect cervical regions, resulting in debilitating respiratory dysfunction due to phrenic motor neuron loss and injury to descending bulbospinal respiratory axons 1. A number of animal models of SCI have been developed, with the most commonly used and clinically-relevant being the contusion 8.
Transplantation of various classes of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries and neurodegeneration, including ALS and SCI, because of the ability to replace lost or dysfunctional CNS cell types, provide neuroprotection, and deliver gene factors of interest 9.
Animal models of both ALS and SCI can model many clinically-relevant aspects of these diseases, including phrenic motor neuron loss and consequent respiratory compromise 10,11. In order to evaluate the efficacy of NPC-based strategies on respiratory function in these animal models of ALS and SCI, cellular interventions must be specifically directed to regions containing therapeutically relevant targets such as phrenic motor neurons. We provide a detailed protocol for multi-segmental, intraspinal transplantation of NPCs into the cervical spinal cord ventral gray matter of neurodegenerative models such as SOD1G93A mice and rats, as well as spinal cord injured rats and mice 11.

Neural precursor transplantation is a promising strategy for protecting and/or replacing lost/dysfunctional cervical phrenic motor neurons in spinal cord injury (SCI) and the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). We provide a protocol for cell delivery to cervical spinal cord ventral horn in rodent models of ALS and SCI.

筋萎縮性側索硬化症や外傷性脊髄損傷では頚椎前角をターゲットとするための髄腔内細胞移植

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) ...

医学

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by plaque formation containing lost oligodendrocytes, myelin, axons, and neurons. Remyelination is an endogenous repair mechanism whereby new myelin is produced subsequent to proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, and is necessary to protect axons from further damage. Currently, all therapeutics for the treatment of multiple sclerosis target the aberrant immune component of the disease, which reduce inflammatory relapses but do not prevent progression to irreversible neurological decline. It is therefore imperative that remyelination-promoting strategies be developed which may delay disease progression and perhaps reverse neurological symptoms. Several animal models of demyelination exist, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and curprizone; however, there are limitations in their use for studying remyelination. A more robust approach is the focal injection of toxins into the central nervous system, including the detergent lysolecithin into the spinal cord white matter of rodents. In this protocol, we demonstrate that the surgical procedure involved in injecting lysolecithin into the ventral white matter of mice is fast, cost-effective, and requires no additional materials than those commercially available. This procedure is important not only for studying the normal events involved in the remyelination process, but also as a pre-clinical tool for screening candidate remyelination-promoting therapeutics.

Demyelinating diseases can be modeled in animals by focal application of lysolecithin into the CNS. A single injection of lysolecithin into mouse spinal cord produces a lesion that spontaneously repairs over time. The goal is to study factors involved in de- and remyelination, and to test agents for enhancing repair.

リゾレシチンの焦点注入による実験的脱髄およびマウス脊髄の再ミエリン化

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by plaque formation containing lost ...

神経科学

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>脊髄神経膠腫の効率的かつ高精度なマウスモデルの開発

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Spinal cord gliomas are commonly malignant tumors of the spinal cord, leading to a high rate of disability. However, uniform treatment guidelines and comprehensive data on spinal cord gliomas remain limited due to the lack of suitable preclinical animal models. Developing a simple and reproducible animal model has become essential for advancing basic and translational research. A murine model is ideal, as the murine spinal cord shares structural similarities with the human spinal cord. This protocol describes the generation of a reproducible murine model of spinal cord glioma by directly injecting tumor cells into the intervertebral space using the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra as a guide. Compared to other methods, this approach is more effective and convenient, involving a smaller incision, reduced invasiveness and blood loss, faster recovery, and more stable tumor formation. This model is expected to advance the understanding of disease mechanisms, optimize surgical strategies, and support the development of therapeutic drugs for spinal cord gliomas.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>マウスの脊髄への腫瘍細胞の外科的移植

The present protocol describes the development of a reproducible murine model of spinal cord glioma by injecting tumor cells into the intervertebral space, offering a more effective and less invasive approach for research and therapeutic development.

マウスの脊髄への腫瘍細胞の外科的移植

Spinal cord gliomas are commonly malignant tumors of the spinal cord, leading to a high rate of disability. However, uniform treatment guidelines and ...

がん研究

A Quick Phenotypic Neurological Scoring System for Evaluating Disease Progression in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of ALS

The SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is the most widely used animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At ALS TDI we developed a phenotypic screening protocol, demonstrated in video herein, which reliably assesses the neuromuscular function of SOD1-G93A mice in a quick manner. This protocol encompasses a simple neurological scoring system (NeuroScore) designed to assess hindlimb function. NeuroScore is focused on hindlimb function because hindlimb deficits are the earliest reported neurological sign of disease in SOD1-G93A mice. The protocol developed by ALS TDI provides an unbiased assessment of onset of paresis (slight or partial paralysis), progression and severity of paralysis and it is sensitive enough to identify drug-induced changes in disease progression. In this report, the combination of a detailed manuscript with video minimizes scoring ambiguities and inter-experimenter variability thus allowing for the protocol to be adopted by other laboratories and enabling comparisons between studies taking place at different settings. We believe that this video protocol can serve as an excellent training tool for present and future ALS researchers.

This video protocol describes a sensitive, reliable, and quick method for evaluating the neuromuscular deficits in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

ALSのSOD1-G93Aマウスモデルにおける疾患進行を評価するためのクイック表現型の神経学的スコアリングシステム

The SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is the most widely used animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At ALS TDI we developed a phenotypic screening ...

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal cord. A major current area of research is focused on the mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous or induced functional recovery following SCI. Spontaneous functional recovery is reported to be greater early in life, raising interesting questions about how adaptive plasticity changes as the spinal cord develops. To facilitate investigation of this dynamic, we have developed a SCI model in the neonatal mouse. The model has relevance for pediatric SCI, which is too little studied. Because neural plasticity in the adult involves some of the same mechanisms as neural plasticity in early life1, this model may potentially have some relevance also for adult SCI. Here we describe the entire procedure for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression (SCC) injury in the neonatal mouse as early as postnatal (P) day 1. SCC is achieved by performing a laminectomy at a given spinal level (here described at thoracic levels 9-11) and then using a modified Yasargil aneurysm mini-clip to rapidly compress and decompress the spinal cord. As previously described, the injured neonatal mice can be tested for behavioral deficits or sacrificed for ex vivo physiological analysis of synaptic connectivity using electrophysiological and high-throughput optical recording techniques1. Earlier and ongoing studies using behavioral and physiological assessment have demonstrated a dramatic, acute impairment of hindlimb motility followed by a complete functional recovery within 2 weeks, and the first evidence of changes in functional circuitry at the level of identified descending synaptic connections1.

This article describes a method for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression injury (SCI) in the neonatal mouse. The model provides an advantageous platform for studying mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous functional recovery.

新生児マウス脊髄圧縮損傷モデル

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal ...

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-&#946; and Tau Neuropathology

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of &#946;-amyloidosis and tauopathy. The paradigm includes tests for spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze, novel object recognition, and limb clasping. These tests were selected because they: 1) interrogate function of cognitive or motor domains and the correlate neural circuitry relevant to the human disease state, 2) have clearly defined endpoints, 3) have easily implementable quality control checks, 4) can be run in a moderate throughput format, and 5) require little intervention by the investigator. These methods are designed for investigators looking to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks, or functional motor behaviors associated with Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The methods described here use behavioral tests that engage a number of different brain regions including hippocampus and various cortical areas. Investigators that desire cognitive tests that specifically assess cognition mediated by a single brain region could use these techniques to supplement other behavioral tests.

Described here is a staged, behavioral screening approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of &#946;-amyloidosis and tauopathy. These methods are optimized to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks.

アミロイド-βおよびタウのトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおける自発的交互作用の評価、新規対象の認識および肢の把握Neuropathology

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional ...

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

Assessing the functionality of the nerve axon provides detailed information on the progression of neuromuscular disorders. Electrophysiological recordings provide a sensitive approach to measure nerve conduction in humans and rodent models. To broaden the technical possibilities for electromyography in mice, the measurement of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) from the brachial plexus nerve in the forelimb using needle electrodes is described here. CMAP recordings after stimulating the sciatic nerve in hindlimbs have been previously described. The newly introduced method here allows for the evaluation of the nerve conductivity at an additional site, and thus provides a more profound overview of the neuromuscular functionality. The technique provides information on both the relative number of functional axons and the myelination level. Thereby, this method can be applied to assess both axonal diseases as well as demyelinating conditions. This minimally invasive method does not require extraction of the nerve and therefore it is suitable for repeated measurements for longitudinal follow-up in the same animal. Similar recordings are performed in clinical setups to emphasize the translational relevance of the method.

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

The measurement of nerve conduction is a useful tool to assess mouse models of neurodegeneration but it is frequently only applied to stimulate the sciatic nerve in hindlimbs. Here, we describe a technique to measure compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in vivo in the mouse forelimb muscles innervated by the brachial plexus.

生体内で運動ニューロンの変性症のマウスモデルの前肢からの複合筋活動電位の電気生理学的測定

Assessing the functionality of the nerve axon provides detailed information on the progression of neuromuscular disorders. Electrophysiological recordings ...

Induction of Complete Transection-Type Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Spinal cord injury (SCI) largely leads to irreversible and permanent loss of function, most commonly as a result of trauma. Several treatment options, such as cell transplantation methods, are being researched to overcome the debilitating disabilities arising from SCI. Most pre-clinical animal trials are conducted in rodent models of SCI. While rat models of SCI have been widely used, mouse models have received less attention, even though mouse models can have significant advantages over rat models. The small size of mice equates to lower animal maintenance costs than for rats, and the availability of numerous transgenic mouse models is advantageous for many types of studies. Inducing repeatable and precise injury in the animals is the primary challenge for SCI research, which in small rodents requires high-precision surgery. The transection-type injury model has been a commonly used injury model over the last decade for transplantation-based therapeutic research, however a standardized method for inducing a complete transection-type injury in mice does not exist. We have developed a surgical protocol for inducing a complete transection type injury in C57BL/6 mice at thoracic vertebral level 10 (T10). The procedure uses a small tip drill instead of rongeurs to precisely remove the lamina, after which a thin blade with rounded cutting edge is used to induce the spinal cord transection. This method leads to reproducible transection-type injury in small rodents with minimal collateral muscle and bone damage and therefore minimizes confounding factors, specifically where behavioral functional outcomes are analyzed.

This protocol describes how to create a precise laminectomy for induction of stable transection-type spinal cord injury in the mouse model, with minimal collateral damage for spinal cord injury research.

マウスにおける完全なトランセクション型脊髄損傷の誘導

Spinal cord injury (SCI) largely leads to irreversible and permanent loss of function, most commonly as a result of trauma. Several treatment options, ...

臨床試験および筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）のマウスモデルにおける脊髄の除去

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筋萎縮性側索硬化症や外傷性脊髄損傷では頚椎前角をターゲットとするための髄腔内細胞移植

リゾレシチンの焦点注入による実験的脱髄およびマウス脊髄の再ミエリン化

マウスの脊髄への腫瘍細胞の外科的移植

マウスの脊髄への腫瘍細胞の外科的移植

マウスの脊髄への腫瘍細胞の外科的移植

ALSのSOD1-G93Aマウスモデルにおける疾患進行を評価するためのクイック表現型の神経学的スコアリングシステム

新生児マウス脊髄圧縮損傷モデル

アミロイド-βおよびタウのトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおける自発的交互作用の評価、新規対象の認識および肢の把握Neuropathology

生体内で運動ニューロンの変性症のマウスモデルの前肢からの複合筋活動電位の電気生理学的測定

マウスにおける完全なトランセクション型脊髄損傷の誘導