LT ha ricevuto sovvenzioni da parte del Forschungsförderungsprogramm della Medicina dell&#39;Università di Göttingen. PL e MB sono stati sostenuti dal Centro di Ricerca per la DFG Fisiologia molecolare del cervello (CMPB), Göttingen. Gli autori ringraziano il Dott. Lars Tatenhorst per l&#39;assistenza e la videografia con Birgit Liebau aiuto con audio e video editing.

Gli animali sono stati acquistati da Jackson Laboratory (# 002.726) 1. Essi sono clinicamente segnato e sottoposto ad un test di funzionamento del motore (rotarod test) e della forza muscolare (appesa prova del filo). Tutti questi test e il successivo abbattimento degli animali al fine di preparare il midollo spinale sono stati eseguiti in accordo molto vicino alle linee guida locali per corretto svolgimento degli esperimenti sugli animali. 1. Punteggio clinico Oltre alla verifica del peso corporeo per i topi vengono esaminati i segni di deficit motorio con il seguente sistema di quattro punti di punteggio 2: 4 punti: normale (nessun segno di disfunzione motoria) 3 punti: tremori agli arti posteriori sono evidenti quando sospesa per la coda 2 punti: sono presenti anomalie dell&#39;andatura 1 punto: trascinamento di almeno un arto posteriore 0 punti: simmetricaparalisi, incapacità di destra stessa o perdita del 20% del peso corporeo massimo, in questo caso gli animali vengono sacrificati ed immediatamente l&#39;esperimento viene interrotto 2. Test della funzione motoria e della forza muscolare Appeso filo Questo test viene utilizzato per valutare la forza muscolare 3, 4. Tutti gli animali eseguire questo test almeno uno o due giorni dopo la prova rotarod. Ogni mouse è posizionato su una misura coperchio filo con intervalli di 0,8 cm e con cautela capovolto, 60 cm al di sopra un filo di paglia coperto fondo. Dopo l&#39;allenamento per tre volte consecutive di almeno 180 s la latenza a cadere è misurata. Ogni mouse è dato fino a tre tentativi di trattenere il coperchio capovolto per un massimo di 180 s e il più lungo periodo è registrata. Rotarod test <p class = &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt; L&#39;apparato rotarod (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italia) è stato usato per misurare la coordinazione motoria, l&#39;equilibrio e la capacità di apprendimento motorio 3, 4. Una buona prestazione richiede un alto grado di coordinazione sensomotoria. La macchina deve essere collocato in un ambiente tranquillo e non disturba al fine di evitare stimoli di distrazione per la testati su animali. È costituita da un computer controllato motorizzata di rotazione del mandrino e cinque corsie per cinque topi. Cadute dei topi vengono rilevati automaticamente dalla pressione su una piastra di plastica sul fondo. Dopo l&#39;addestramento per tre volte consecutive di almeno 180 s ad una velocità costante di 15 rpm del tempo per il quale un animale può rimanere sulla canna rotante viene misurata. Ogni animale sottoposto a tre prove e la più lunga latenza senza cadere viene registrato. Il tempo di 180 s è scelto come cut-off time perché la maggior parte delle differenze significative nella coordinazione motoria vengono rilevati in questo lasso di tempo. 3. Preparazione Spinal Cord <ol class="lalpha"><li> Gli animali vengono uccisi da CO 2 insufflazione in conformità con le linee guida locali e sono immediatamente perfusi transcardiaca con soluzione PBS seguita da una soluzione di paraformaldeide al 4%. </li><li> Per preparare il midollo spinale del mouse sacrificato, l&#39;animale viene posto su un tavolo operatorio e le quattro arti sono fissati sul lato in modo da esporre il lato posteriore del mouse. </li><li> A breve lavaggio con una soluzione di etanolo al 70% pulisce il sito della dissezione e appiattisce il mantello. </li><li> Poi della cute con un bisturi affilato nella linea mediana. Al fine di facilitare il taglio della pelle viene tesa su entrambi i lati. Se i muscoli delle gambe deve essere pronto, la loro pelle deve inoltre essere inciso. </li><li> Dopo l&#39;incisione cutanea è completata, viene tirato da parte con una pinzetta per esporre la fascia sottostante superficiale del corpo. </li><li> La muscolatura del collo e il legamento nucale devono essere rimossi e sono carefully preparato. Fare attenzione a non incidere profondamente e di lesione del midollo spinale. I muscoli delle spalle possono anche essere rimosse per esporre meglio la colonna vertebrale. </li><li> Poi i muscoli paravertebrali vengono rimossi dalla intera colonna vertebrale. </li><li> Per aprire i laminectomie colonna vertebrale diversi devono essere eseguiti. Si dovrebbe iniziare dalla parte superiore craniale nel sito del atlanto-occipitale. </li><li> E &#39;più facile togliere la fissazione dei due arti superiori e tirare troppo il collo per essere meglio in grado di eseguire la laminectomia delle vertebre prima. Questi sono tirato via senza toccare il esposta midollo spinale cervicale. </li><li> Più vertebre vengono rimossi prima sezionare i archi vertebrali su entrambi i lati con forbici angolate e quindi tirando i processi dorsali. Rimanenti parti laterali delle vertebre dovrebbe essere rimosso per facilitare la successiva rimozione completa del midollo spinale. </li><li> Un punto di riferimento anatomico della spina lombarel è il cavo di intumescenza che è presente anche nel midollo spinale cervicale. </li><li> Dopo aver finito la laminectomia del midollo spinale intera, fare in modo che anche voi transetto tutte le radici ventrali e rilasciare il midollo spinale dalla dura madre delle meningi. </li><li> Poi il midollo spinale cervicale è tagliato cranialmente e si inizia a rimuovere il midollo spinale. </li><li> Infine, il midollo spinale è anche tagliato alla distale cauda equina, per essere completamente rilasciato. </li><li> In definitiva, il midollo spinale viene posto in una soluzione postfixating (ad esempio paraformaldeide 4%) per una notte e può essere ulteriormente lavorato. Di solito cryosection il midollo spinale per prepararlo per l&#39;analisi immunoistologico. </li></ol> 4. Risultati rappresentativi La tecnica di preparazione del midollo spinale rappresenta il focus di questo articolo video. Si tratta di un prerequisito essenziale per il sezionamento dei tessuti in seguito e, infine, per l&#39;analisi immunoistologico di spinal cavo sezioni. Come esempio di un risultato finale, uno workup immunoistochimica della regione corno anteriore del midollo spinale lombare topo di tipo selvatico (wt) e di un transgene SOD G93A (tg) topo è dimostrata. Neuroni motore può essere identificato con un primario anticorpo anti-ChAT e successiva marcatura fluorescente con un anticorpo secondario Cy3. Inoltre, una contro-colorazione nucleare con DAPI (4,6-Diamidino-2-fenilindolo) è stato eseguito (Figura 1). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3936/3936fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Microfotografie fluorescenti visualizzando il immunorivelazione dei motoneuroni con anticorpi anti-ChAT (rosso) e nuclei cellulari anti-macchia DAPI (blu) a livello lombare corno midollo spinale anteriore del mouse di un tipo selvatico (WT) (a sinistra) e di uno SOD G93A transgenico (tg) (a destra) del mouse all&#39;età di 130 giorni. Scale bar: 40 micron. Poiché l&#39;analisi immunoistochimica dii topi SOD G93A non è lo scopo primario di questo articolo si prega di consultare la pubblicazione originale in cui questi topi transgenici sono stati caratterizzati e quelli più recenti che studiano approcci terapeutici per la consultazione 1, 5, 6. Se gli effetti terapeutici è modulata al livello immunoistologico chiaramente definito algoritmi di valutazione quantitativa deve essere applicato supportato da un software stereological (si veda per esempio 7).

<ol>
	<li>Gurney, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+neuron+degeneration+in+mice+that+express+a+human+Cu,+Zn+superoxide+dismutase+mutation.">Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutation.</a> Science. 264 (5166), 1772-1775 (1994).</li><li>Weydt, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+disease+onset+and+progression+in+the+SOD1+mouse+model+of+ALS.">Assessing disease onset and progression in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS.</a> Neuroreport. 14 (7), 1051-1054 (2003).</li><li>Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+phenotyping+strategies+for+mutant+mice.">Behavioral phenotyping strategies for mutant mice.</a> Neuron. 57 (6), 809-818 (2008).</li><li>Miana-Mena, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+methods+to+characterize+the+G93A+mouse+model+of+ALS.">Optimal methods to characterize the G93A mouse model of ALS.</a> Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Motor Neuron Disord. 6 (1), 55-62 (2005).</li><li>Zhong, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+protein+C+therapy+slows+ALS&#45;like+disease+in+mice+by+transcriptionally+inhibiting+SOD1+in+motor+neurons+and+microglia+cells.">Activated protein C therapy slows ALS&#45;like disease in mice by transcriptionally inhibiting SOD1 in motor neurons and microglia cells.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 119 (11), 3437-3449 (2009).</li><li>Pitzer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Granulocyte&#45;colony+stimulating+factor+improves+outcome+in+a+mouse+model+of+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Granulocyte&#45;colony stimulating factor improves outcome in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Brain. 131 (Pt. 12), 3335-3347 (2008).</li><li>Gowing, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ablation+of+proliferating+microglia+does+not+affect+motor+neuron+degeneration+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis+caused+by+mutant+superoxide+dismutase.">Ablation of proliferating microglia does not affect motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutant superoxide dismutase.</a> J. Neurosci. 28 (41), 10234-10244 (2008).</li><li>Scott, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=interpretation+of+studies+in+the+standard+murine+model+of+ALS.">interpretation of studies in the standard murine model of ALS.</a> Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 9 (1), 4-15 (2008).</li><li>Turner, B. J., Talbot, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenics,+toxicity+and+therapeutics+in+rodent+models+of+mutant+SOD1&#45;mediated+familial+ALS.">Transgenics, toxicity and therapeutics in rodent models of mutant SOD1&#45;mediated familial ALS.</a> Prog Neurobiol. 85 (1), 94-134 (2008).</li><li>Corse, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+testing+of+neuroprotective+neurotrophic+factors+in+a+model+of+chronic+motor+neuron+degeneration.">Preclinical testing of neuroprotective neurotrophic factors in a model of chronic motor neuron degeneration.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 6 (5), 335-346 (1999).</li><li>Knippenberg, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Significance+of+behavioural+tests+in+a+transgenic+mouse+model+of+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis+&#40;ALS&#41;.">Significance of behavioural tests in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis &#40;ALS&#41;.</a> Behav Brain Res. 213 (1), 82-87 (2010).</li><li>Burgess, R. W., Cox, G. A., Seburn, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuromuscular+disease+models+and+analysis.">Neuromuscular disease models and analysis.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 602, 347-393 (2010).</li><li>Hayworth, C. R., Gonzalez-Lima, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pre-symptomatic+detection+of+chronic+motor+deficits+and+genotype+prediction+in+congenic+B6.SOD1(G93A)+ALS+mouse+model.">Pre-symptomatic detection of chronic motor deficits and genotype prediction in congenic B6.SOD1(G93A) ALS mouse model.</a> Neuroscience. 164 (3), 975-985 (2009).</li><li>Ludolph, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+preclinical+animal+research+in+ALS&#47;MND:+A+consensus+meeting.">Guidelines for preclinical animal research in ALS&#47;MND: A consensus meeting.</a> Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 11 (1-2), 38-45 (2010).</li><li>Boillee, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Onset+and+progression+in+inherited+ALS+determined+by+motor+neurons+and+microglia.">Onset and progression in inherited ALS determined by motor neurons and microglia.</a> Science. 5778 (3), 1389-1392 (2006).</li></ol>

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Il (G93A) modello murino SOD1 genetico è un modello animale valido per studiare il corso della malattia del motoneurone perdita progressiva paragonabile umana sclerosi amiotrofica laterale 8. Una varietà di paradigmi di trattamenti diversi sono stati valutati in questo modello e rappresentano una base per la successiva prova in studi clinici umani 8-10. Per poter rilevare differenze significative in uno studio sperimentale di trattamento in questi topi, è di importanza eminente includere almeno ...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td> Fabbricante </td><td> Informazioni per l&#39;ordinazione </td></tr><tr><td> Test comportamentale </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Rota-Rod per il Mice </td><td> Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italia </td><td> # 47600 </td></tr><tr><td> Hanging dispositivo a filo </td><td> Su misura </td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td> Preparazione Spinal Cord </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Operation Table Spia di funzionamento Guanti di protezione </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> &quot;Iris&quot; Forbici, angolato a lato </td><td> Strumenti Scienza Belle, Heidelberg, Germania </td><td> 14063-09 </td></tr><tr><td> Cohan-Vännäs Forbici primavera, diritte </td><td> Strumenti Scienza Belle, Heidelberg, Germania </td><td> 15000-10 </td&gt; </tr><tr><td> Micro pinza </td><td> Hammacher, Solingen, Germania </td><td> HWC 111-10 </td></tr><tr><td> Scalpel &quot;präzisa plus&quot; </td><td> Dahlhausen, Köln, Germania </td><td> 11.000.00.510, figura 10 </td></tr></tbody></table>

clinical testing and spinal cord removal in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)

La sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una malattia neurodegenerativa letale con conseguente progressiva degenerazione dei motoneuroni. Il picco di insorgenza è di circa 60 anni per la malattia sporadica e circa 50 anni per la malattia familiare. Grazie al suo andamento progressivo, il 50% dei pazienti muore entro 30 mesi dall&#39;inizio dei sintomi. Per valutare nuove opzioni di trattamento per questa malattia, modelli murini di SLA genetici sono stati generati sulla base umani mutazioni nel gene familiari SOD, come la (G93A) mutazione SOD1. Aspetti più importanti che devono essere valutati nel modello sono la sopravvivenza globale, decorso clinico e la funzione motoria. Qui, dimostriamo la valutazione clinica, mostrano la conduzione di due test del motore comportamentali e fornire sistemi di punteggio per tutti i parametri quantitativi. Poiché un&#39;analisi approfondita del modello murino ALS di solito richiede un esame immunoistochimica del midollo spinale, abbiamo dimostrato la sua preparazione in dettaglio l&#39;applicazione del farelaminectomia metodo rsal. Esemplari risultati istologici sono dimostrati. La completa applicazione dei metodi di esame descritti negli studi sul modello murino di SLA consentirà al ricercatore di verificare in modo affidabile per future opzioni terapeutiche che possono fornire una base per le sperimentazioni cliniche umane successive.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS at JoVE.com

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Un modello murino per la sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una valutazione clinica e comportamentale. Come prerequisito per un&#39;analisi accompagnamento immunoistologico la preparazione del midollo spinale è raffigurato in dettaglio.

Test clinici e la rimozione del midollo spinale in un modello murino di sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of motoneurons. Peak of onset is around 60 ...

clinical-testing-spinal-cord-removal-mouse-model-for-amyotrophic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

28.0K Views.  University Medicine Göttingen. Un modello murino per la sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una valutazione clinica e comportamentale. Come prerequisito per un'analisi accompagnamento immunoistologico la preparazione del midollo spinale è raffigurato in dettaglio.

Video: Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases 1 and is the ultimate cause of death in patients with the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS) 2.
ALS is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by relatively rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Patients ultimately succumb to the disease on average 2-5 years following diagnosis because of respiratory paralysis due to loss of phrenic motor neuron innnervation of the diaphragm 3. The vast majority of cases are sporadic, while 10% are of the familial form. Approximately twenty percent of familial cases are linked to various point mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene on chromosome 21 4. Transgenic mice 4,5 and rats 6 carrying mutant human SOD1 genes (G93A, G37R, G86R, G85R) have been generated, and, despite the existence of other animal models of motor neuron loss, are currently the most highly used models of the disease.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a heterogeneous set of conditions resulting from physical trauma to the spinal cord, with functional outcome varying according to the type, location and severity of the injury 7. Nevertheless, approximately half of human SCI cases affect cervical regions, resulting in debilitating respiratory dysfunction due to phrenic motor neuron loss and injury to descending bulbospinal respiratory axons 1. A number of animal models of SCI have been developed, with the most commonly used and clinically-relevant being the contusion 8.
Transplantation of various classes of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries and neurodegeneration, including ALS and SCI, because of the ability to replace lost or dysfunctional CNS cell types, provide neuroprotection, and deliver gene factors of interest 9.
Animal models of both ALS and SCI can model many clinically-relevant aspects of these diseases, including phrenic motor neuron loss and consequent respiratory compromise 10,11. In order to evaluate the efficacy of NPC-based strategies on respiratory function in these animal models of ALS and SCI, cellular interventions must be specifically directed to regions containing therapeutically relevant targets such as phrenic motor neurons. We provide a detailed protocol for multi-segmental, intraspinal transplantation of NPCs into the cervical spinal cord ventral gray matter of neurodegenerative models such as SOD1G93A mice and rats, as well as spinal cord injured rats and mice 11.

Neural precursor transplantation is a promising strategy for protecting and/or replacing lost/dysfunctional cervical phrenic motor neurons in spinal cord injury (SCI) and the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). We provide a protocol for cell delivery to cervical spinal cord ventral horn in rodent models of ALS and SCI.

Intraspinale trapianto di cellule cervicali targeting per corno ventrale nella Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica e le lesioni traumatiche del midollo spinale

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by plaque formation containing lost oligodendrocytes, myelin, axons, and neurons. Remyelination is an endogenous repair mechanism whereby new myelin is produced subsequent to proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, and is necessary to protect axons from further damage. Currently, all therapeutics for the treatment of multiple sclerosis target the aberrant immune component of the disease, which reduce inflammatory relapses but do not prevent progression to irreversible neurological decline. It is therefore imperative that remyelination-promoting strategies be developed which may delay disease progression and perhaps reverse neurological symptoms. Several animal models of demyelination exist, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and curprizone; however, there are limitations in their use for studying remyelination. A more robust approach is the focal injection of toxins into the central nervous system, including the detergent lysolecithin into the spinal cord white matter of rodents. In this protocol, we demonstrate that the surgical procedure involved in injecting lysolecithin into the ventral white matter of mice is fast, cost-effective, and requires no additional materials than those commercially available. This procedure is important not only for studying the normal events involved in the remyelination process, but also as a pre-clinical tool for screening candidate remyelination-promoting therapeutics.

Demyelinating diseases can be modeled in animals by focal application of lysolecithin into the CNS. A single injection of lysolecithin into mouse spinal cord produces a lesion that spontaneously repairs over time. The goal is to study factors involved in de- and remyelination, and to test agents for enhancing repair.

Demielinizzazione sperimentale e rimielinizzazione di Murine midollo spinale da iniezione focale Lysolecithin

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by plaque formation containing lost ...

Neuroscienze

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Sviluppo di un modello murino efficiente e preciso per il glioma del midollo spinale

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Spinal cord gliomas are commonly malignant tumors of the spinal cord, leading to a high rate of disability. However, uniform treatment guidelines and comprehensive data on spinal cord gliomas remain limited due to the lack of suitable preclinical animal models. Developing a simple and reproducible animal model has become essential for advancing basic and translational research. A murine model is ideal, as the murine spinal cord shares structural similarities with the human spinal cord. This protocol describes the generation of a reproducible murine model of spinal cord glioma by directly injecting tumor cells into the intervertebral space using the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra as a guide. Compared to other methods, this approach is more effective and convenient, involving a smaller incision, reduced invasiveness and blood loss, faster recovery, and more stable tumor formation. This model is expected to advance the understanding of disease mechanisms, optimize surgical strategies, and support the development of therapeutic drugs for spinal cord gliomas.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Trapianto chirurgico di cellule tumorali nel midollo spinale di topi

The present protocol describes the development of a reproducible murine model of spinal cord glioma by injecting tumor cells into the intervertebral space, offering a more effective and less invasive approach for research and therapeutic development.

Trapianto chirurgico di cellule tumorali nel midollo spinale di topi

Spinal cord gliomas are commonly malignant tumors of the spinal cord, leading to a high rate of disability. However, uniform treatment guidelines and ...

Ricerca sul cancro

A Quick Phenotypic Neurological Scoring System for Evaluating Disease Progression in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of ALS

The SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is the most widely used animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At ALS TDI we developed a phenotypic screening protocol, demonstrated in video herein, which reliably assesses the neuromuscular function of SOD1-G93A mice in a quick manner. This protocol encompasses a simple neurological scoring system (NeuroScore) designed to assess hindlimb function. NeuroScore is focused on hindlimb function because hindlimb deficits are the earliest reported neurological sign of disease in SOD1-G93A mice. The protocol developed by ALS TDI provides an unbiased assessment of onset of paresis (slight or partial paralysis), progression and severity of paralysis and it is sensitive enough to identify drug-induced changes in disease progression. In this report, the combination of a detailed manuscript with video minimizes scoring ambiguities and inter-experimenter variability thus allowing for the protocol to be adopted by other laboratories and enabling comparisons between studies taking place at different settings. We believe that this video protocol can serve as an excellent training tool for present and future ALS researchers.

This video protocol describes a sensitive, reliable, and quick method for evaluating the neuromuscular deficits in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Un Sistema di punteggio rapida fenotipica neurologica per la valutazione di progressione della malattia nel SOD1-G93A modello murino della SLA

The SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is the most widely used animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At ALS TDI we developed a phenotypic screening ...

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal cord. A major current area of research is focused on the mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous or induced functional recovery following SCI. Spontaneous functional recovery is reported to be greater early in life, raising interesting questions about how adaptive plasticity changes as the spinal cord develops. To facilitate investigation of this dynamic, we have developed a SCI model in the neonatal mouse. The model has relevance for pediatric SCI, which is too little studied. Because neural plasticity in the adult involves some of the same mechanisms as neural plasticity in early life1, this model may potentially have some relevance also for adult SCI. Here we describe the entire procedure for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression (SCC) injury in the neonatal mouse as early as postnatal (P) day 1. SCC is achieved by performing a laminectomy at a given spinal level (here described at thoracic levels 9-11) and then using a modified Yasargil aneurysm mini-clip to rapidly compress and decompress the spinal cord. As previously described, the injured neonatal mice can be tested for behavioral deficits or sacrificed for ex vivo physiological analysis of synaptic connectivity using electrophysiological and high-throughput optical recording techniques1. Earlier and ongoing studies using behavioral and physiological assessment have demonstrated a dramatic, acute impairment of hindlimb motility followed by a complete functional recovery within 2 weeks, and the first evidence of changes in functional circuitry at the level of identified descending synaptic connections1.

This article describes a method for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression injury (SCI) in the neonatal mouse. The model provides an advantageous platform for studying mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous functional recovery.

Un neonatale mouse Spinal Cord Injury compressione Modello

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal ...

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-&#946; and Tau Neuropathology

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of &#946;-amyloidosis and tauopathy. The paradigm includes tests for spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze, novel object recognition, and limb clasping. These tests were selected because they: 1) interrogate function of cognitive or motor domains and the correlate neural circuitry relevant to the human disease state, 2) have clearly defined endpoints, 3) have easily implementable quality control checks, 4) can be run in a moderate throughput format, and 5) require little intervention by the investigator. These methods are designed for investigators looking to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks, or functional motor behaviors associated with Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The methods described here use behavioral tests that engage a number of different brain regions including hippocampus and various cortical areas. Investigators that desire cognitive tests that specifically assess cognition mediated by a single brain region could use these techniques to supplement other behavioral tests.

Described here is a staged, behavioral screening approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of &#946;-amyloidosis and tauopathy. These methods are optimized to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks.

Valutazione di alternanza spontanea, riconoscimento novello di oggetti e attacco degli arti nei modelli di topo transgenico Modelli di neuropathologia di Amiloide-β e Tau

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional ...

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

Assessing the functionality of the nerve axon provides detailed information on the progression of neuromuscular disorders. Electrophysiological recordings provide a sensitive approach to measure nerve conduction in humans and rodent models. To broaden the technical possibilities for electromyography in mice, the measurement of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) from the brachial plexus nerve in the forelimb using needle electrodes is described here. CMAP recordings after stimulating the sciatic nerve in hindlimbs have been previously described. The newly introduced method here allows for the evaluation of the nerve conductivity at an additional site, and thus provides a more profound overview of the neuromuscular functionality. The technique provides information on both the relative number of functional axons and the myelination level. Thereby, this method can be applied to assess both axonal diseases as well as demyelinating conditions. This minimally invasive method does not require extraction of the nerve and therefore it is suitable for repeated measurements for longitudinal follow-up in the same animal. Similar recordings are performed in clinical setups to emphasize the translational relevance of the method.

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

The measurement of nerve conduction is a useful tool to assess mouse models of neurodegeneration but it is frequently only applied to stimulate the sciatic nerve in hindlimbs. Here, we describe a technique to measure compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in vivo in the mouse forelimb muscles innervated by the brachial plexus.

In Vivo Elettrofisiologici misurazione del potenziale di azione muscolare composto da arti anteriori in modelli murini di degenerazione del motoneurone

Assessing the functionality of the nerve axon provides detailed information on the progression of neuromuscular disorders. Electrophysiological recordings ...

Induction of Complete Transection-Type Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Spinal cord injury (SCI) largely leads to irreversible and permanent loss of function, most commonly as a result of trauma. Several treatment options, such as cell transplantation methods, are being researched to overcome the debilitating disabilities arising from SCI. Most pre-clinical animal trials are conducted in rodent models of SCI. While rat models of SCI have been widely used, mouse models have received less attention, even though mouse models can have significant advantages over rat models. The small size of mice equates to lower animal maintenance costs than for rats, and the availability of numerous transgenic mouse models is advantageous for many types of studies. Inducing repeatable and precise injury in the animals is the primary challenge for SCI research, which in small rodents requires high-precision surgery. The transection-type injury model has been a commonly used injury model over the last decade for transplantation-based therapeutic research, however a standardized method for inducing a complete transection-type injury in mice does not exist. We have developed a surgical protocol for inducing a complete transection type injury in C57BL/6 mice at thoracic vertebral level 10 (T10). The procedure uses a small tip drill instead of rongeurs to precisely remove the lamina, after which a thin blade with rounded cutting edge is used to induce the spinal cord transection. This method leads to reproducible transection-type injury in small rodents with minimal collateral muscle and bone damage and therefore minimizes confounding factors, specifically where behavioral functional outcomes are analyzed.

This protocol describes how to create a precise laminectomy for induction of stable transection-type spinal cord injury in the mouse model, with minimal collateral damage for spinal cord injury research.

Induzione della lesione completa del midollo spinale di tipo transezione nei topi

Spinal cord injury (SCI) largely leads to irreversible and permanent loss of function, most commonly as a result of trauma. Several treatment options, ...

Test clinici e la rimozione del midollo spinale in un modello murino di sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA)

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Un Sistema di punteggio rapida fenotipica neurologica per la valutazione di progressione della malattia nel SOD1-G93A modello murino della SLA

Un neonatale mouse Spinal Cord Injury compressione Modello

Valutazione di alternanza spontanea, riconoscimento novello di oggetti e attacco degli arti nei modelli di topo transgenico Modelli di neuropathologia di Amiloide-β e Tau

In Vivo Elettrofisiologici misurazione del potenziale di azione muscolare composto da arti anteriori in modelli murini di degenerazione del motoneurone

Induzione della lesione completa del midollo spinale di tipo transezione nei topi