我々は、in situハイブリダイゼーションおよびmRNA microinjections のためのプラスミドのギフトのためモンテウェスター、小林誠とヤツェクTopczewskiに感謝したいと思います。我々は、ビデオに表示されるためにステフエアハードに感謝しています。また、ビデオに示すように、共焦点顕微鏡でウィリアムグーセンの支援を承諾したがっています。タイラーSchwendは、ビデオで使用されている画像を提供し、ロドニーデールは、ビデオの準備を支援。また、ゼブラフィッシュとの飼育の仕事のためCMRC動物のケアスタッフを認める。この作品は、SCAにNIHグラントR21 AA13596によって資金を供給された。

<ol>
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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deciphering+the+role+of+Shh+signaling+in+axial+defects+produced+by+ethanol+exposure.">Deciphering the role of Shh signaling in axial defects produced by ethanol exposure.</a> Birth Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol. 86, 556-567 (2009).</li><li>Schwend, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Requirement+of+Npc1+and+availability+of+cholesterol+for+early+embryonic+cell+movements+in+zebrafish.">Requirement of Npc1 and availability of cholesterol for early embryonic cell movements in zebrafish.</a> J. Lipid Res. 52 (7), 1328-1344 (2011).</li><li>Spohr, H. L., Willms, J., Steinhausen, H. 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我々は、開示することは何もありません。

方法はここで説明すると示された結果は、発達障害を調べるために使用する方法ゼブラフィッシュの氷山を示しています。ので、胚へのアクセスのしやすさ、各クラッチ、結果の高い再現性のために卵の数が多い、これらの脊椎動物では、催奇形性試験に最適です。魚はまた、特定の目的の遺伝子または19の経路の視覚的レポーターとして使用する蛍光分子を含むように操作することができます。エタノールの研究では、使用される用量は、哺乳動物の血中アルコール濃度に比べて非常に高く表示されます。しかし、これらのレベルは、水の中に存在するものを反映ではなく、すべてのエタノールは、胚に配信されます。 一緒になって、上記と詳述した方法は、ゼブラフィッシュ胚は、エタノール暴露に関連するヒトの先天性欠損症のモデル化に極めて有用であることを示唆している。さらに、ゼブラフィッシュで見つかった遺伝子発現の変化は、他のユーザーによって確認されている20哺乳類モデルシステムでは、エタノールの発達効果は脊椎動物間で保持されていることを示唆している。上で示したテクニックの多くは、迅速かつ容易に潜在的な催奇形を検出し、特定の物質の催奇形性に寄与する基本的なメカニズムを決定するために他の環境または医薬侮辱で使用することができます。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 試薬の名前 </td><td> 会社 </td><td> カタログ番号 </td></tr><tr><td>組織RNAキット：5内閣総理PerfectPure </td><td>フィッシャー·サイエンティフィック</td><td> FP2302410 </td></tr><tr><td>プラチナSYBRグリーン定量PCRスーパーミックス-UDG </td><td>インビトロジェン</td><td> 11733038 </td></tr><tr><td> mMessage mMachine高収率で覆われたRNA転写キット</td><td>アプライドバイオシステムズ</td><td>あなたのプラスミドにRNAポリメラーゼに依存</td></tr></tbody></table>

assessing teratogenic changes in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol exposure

胎児性アルコール症候群（FAS）は、エタノールへの胚の曝露の重篤な症状である。それは無秩序と損傷した脳の発達に起因する精神遅滞を含む顔や臓器に特徴的な欠陥を呈する。胎児性アルコールスペクトラム障害（FASD）は、母親のアルコール消費量が原因で発生する先天性欠損症の連続をカバーするために使用される用語であり、米国で生まれた子どもの約4％で発生します。出産年齢の女性の50％がアルコールの消費量を報告し、すべての妊娠の半数は計画外であると、意図的曝露が継続問題2です。最高のエタノールによって生成された損傷を理解し、プラス電位の介入をテストするためのモデルを生成するために、我々はゼブラフィッシュ胚を用いた発達エタノール暴露のモデルを開発しました。ゼブラフィッシュでは、催奇形性試験3-8のこのような理想的です。各ペアは、大人を損なうことなく収集することができる卵の数百を産む魚。ゼブラフィッシュ胚は透明であり、容易に汚れ、任意の数で撮像することができます。エタノールによって生成された総発達障害は、人間の先天性欠損症と一致している期間とアプリケーションのショーの異なった用量および時間でエタノールに暴露した後、これらの胚の解析。ここで説明したゼブラフィッシュFASモデルを研究し、操作するために使用される基本的なテクニックがあります。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure at JoVE.com

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

エタノール誘発性発達損傷の分子機構を理解するために、我々は、エタノール暴露のゼブラフィッシュモデルを開発しており、エタノールの暴露後に発生する物理的な、携帯電話、および遺伝的変化を模索している<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;。我々は、潜在的な介入を見つけて、急速にこの動物モデルでそれらをテストしようとします。

胎児性アルコール暴露のゼブラフィッシュモデルの催奇形性変化を評価する

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, ...

assessing-teratogenic-changes-zebrafish-model-fetal-alcohol

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

26.2K ビュー.  Children's Memorial Research Center. エタノール誘発性発達損傷の分子機構を理解するために、我々は、エタノール暴露のゼブラフィッシュモデルを開発しており、エタノールの暴露後に発生する物理的な、携帯電話、および遺伝的変化を模索している 1。我々は、潜在的な介入を見つけて、急速にこの動物モデルでそれらをテストしようとします。

ビデオ: Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Alterations in social behavior are among the major negative consequences observed in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Several independent laboratories have demonstrated robust alterations in the social behavior of rodents exposed to alcohol during brain development across a wide range of exposure durations, timing, doses, and ages at the time of behavioral quantification. Prior work from this laboratory has identified reliable alterations in specific forms of social interaction following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the rat that persist well into adulthood, including increased wrestling and decreased investigation. These behavioral alterations have been useful in identifying neural circuits altered by moderate PAE1, and may hold importance for progressing toward a more complete understanding of the neural bases of PAE-related alterations in social behavior. This paper describes procedures for performing moderate PAE in which rat dams voluntarily consume ethanol or saccharin (control) throughout gestation, and measurement of social behaviors in adult offspring.

The goal of the protocol presented here is to describe procedures to expose rats to moderate levels of alcohol during prenatal brain development and to quantify resulting alterations in social behavior during adulthood.

適度な出生前アルコール暴露と成体ラットにおける社会行動の定量化

Alterations in social behavior are among the major negative consequences observed in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Several ...

行動学

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality and affects more than 2 million people in the United States. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury is crucial for developing effective treatment for ALD. Zebrafish larvae exhibit hepatic steatosis and fibrogenesis after just 24 h of exposure to 2% ethanol, making them useful for the study of acute alcoholic liver injury. This work describes the procedure for acute ethanol treatment in zebrafish larvae and shows that it causes steatosis and swelling of the hepatic blood vessels. A detailed protocol for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&#38;E) staining that is optimized for the histological analysis of the zebrafish larval liver, is also described. H&#38;E staining has several unique advantages over immunofluorescence, as it marks all liver cells and extracellular components simultaneously and can readily detect hepatic injury, such as steatosis and fibrosis. Given the increasing usage of zebrafish in modeling toxin and virus-induced liver injury, as well as inherited liver diseases, this protocol serves as a reference for the histological analyses performed in all these studies.

This protocol describes histological analyses of the livers from zebrafish larvae that have been treated with 2% ethanol for 24 h. Such acute ethanol treatment results in hepatic steatosis and swelling of the hepatic vasculature.

ゼブラフィッシュにおける急性アルコール性肝障害の組織学的解析

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related ...

発生生物学

Automated High-throughput Behavioral Analyses in Zebrafish Larvae

We have created a novel high-throughput imaging system for the analysis of behavior in 7-day-old zebrafish larvae in multi-lane plates. This system measures spontaneous behaviors and the response to an aversive stimulus, which is shown to the larvae via a PowerPoint presentation. The recorded images are analyzed with an ImageJ macro, which automatically splits the color channels, subtracts the background, and applies a threshold to identify individual larvae placement in the lanes. We can then import the coordinates into an Excel sheet to quantify swim speed, preference for edge or side of the lane, resting behavior, thigmotaxis, distance between larvae, and avoidance behavior. Subtle changes in behavior are easily detected using our system, making it useful for behavioral analyses after exposure to environmental toxicants or pharmaceuticals.

Our laboratory developed a novel high-throughput automated imaging system that is useful for the detection of several different behaviors in 7-day-old zebrafish larvae. The system can be used for detecting subtle changes in behavior after the larvae have been exposed to environmental toxicants or pharmaceuticals.

ゼブラフィッシュ幼生における自動化ハイスループット行動分析

We have created a novel high-throughput imaging system for the analysis of behavior in 7-day-old zebrafish larvae in multi-lane plates. This system ...

神経科学

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Zebrafish are extensively used in several kinds of research because they are one of the easily maintained vertebrate models and exhibit several features of a unique and convenient model system. As highly proliferative cells are more susceptible to radiation-induced DNA damage, zebrafish embryos are a front-line in vivo model in radiation research. In addition, this model projects the effect of radiation and different drugs within a short time, along with major biological events and associated responses. Several cancer studies have used zebrafish, and this protocol is based on the use of radiation modifiers in the context of radiotherapy and cancer. This method can be readily used to validate the effects of different drugs on irradiated and control (non-irradiated) embryos, thus identifying drugs as radio sensitizing or protective drugs. Although this methodology is used in most drug screening experiments, the details of the experiment and the toxicity assessment with the background of X-ray radiation exposure are limited or only briefly addressed, making it difficult to perform. This protocol addresses this issue and discusses the procedure and toxicity evaluation with a detailed illustration. The procedure describes a simple approach for using zebrafish embryos for radiation studies and radiation-based drug screening with much reliability and reproducibility.

The zebrafish has recently been exploited as a model to validate potential radiation modifiers. The present protocol describes the detailed steps to use zebrafish embryos for radiation-based screening experiments and some observational approaches to evaluate the effect of different treatments and radiation.

ゼブラフィッシュの幼生を潜在的な放射線増感剤またはプロテクターを評価するためのモデルとして

Zebrafish are extensively used in several kinds of research because they are one of the easily maintained vertebrate models and exhibit several features ...

がん研究

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Exposure to alcohol during development can result in a constellation of morphological and behavioral abnormalities that are collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). At the most severe end of the spectrum is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Studies with animal models, including rodents, have elucidated many molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of FASDs. Ethanol administration to pregnant rodents has been used to model human exposure during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Third trimester ethanol consumption in humans has been modeled using neonatal rodents. However, few rodent studies have characterized the effect of ethanol exposure during the equivalent to all three trimesters of human pregnancy, a pattern of exposure that is common in pregnant women. Here, we show how to build vapor chambers from readily obtainable materials that can each accommodate up to six standard mouse cages. We describe a vapor chamber paradigm that can be used to model exposure to ethanol, with minimal handling, during all three trimesters. Our studies demonstrate that pregnant dams developed significant metabolic tolerance to ethanol. However, neonatal mice did not develop metabolic tolerance and the number of fetuses, fetus weight, placenta weight, number of pups/litter, number of dead pups/litter, and pup weight were not significantly affected by ethanol exposure. An important advantage of this paradigm is its applicability to studies with genetically-modified mice. Additionally, this paradigm minimizes handling of animals, a major confound in fetal alcohol research.

We demonstrate the construction of alcohol vapor chambers using readily available materials that simultaneously house 6 mouse cages. We further describe their use in a mouse model of fetal alcohol exposure equivalent to all 3&#160;trimesters of human pregnancy. This paradigm exposes animals during gestation and postnatal days 1-12.

人間開発の3つのすべての学期の等価時にはアルコールにマウスを公開するために使用蒸気チェンバースの建設

Exposure to alcohol during development can result in a constellation of morphological and behavioral abnormalities that are collectively known as Fetal ...

医学

Quantification of Ethanol Levels in Zebrafish Embryos Using Head Space Gas Chromatography

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describe a highly variable continuum of ethanol-induced developmental defects, including facial dysmorphologies and neurological impairments. With a complex pathology, FASD affects approximately 1 in 100 children born in the United States each year. Due to the highly variable nature of FASD, animal models have proven critical in our current mechanistic understanding of ethanol-induced development defects. An increasing number of laboratories has focused on using zebrafish to examine ethanol-induced developmental defects. Zebrafish produce large numbers of externally fertilized, genetically tractable, translucent embryos. This allows researchers to precisely control timing and dosage of ethanol exposure in multiple genetic contexts and quantify the impact of embryonic ethanol exposure through live imaging techniques. This, combined with the high degree of conservation of both genetics and development with humans, has proven zebrafish to be a powerful model in which to study the mechanistic basis of ethanol teratogenicity. However, ethanol exposure regimens have varied between different zebrafish studies, which has confounded the interpretation of zebrafish data across these studies. Here is a protocol to quantify ethanol concentrations in zebrafish embryos using head space gas chromatography.

This work describes a protocol to quantify ethanol levels in a zebrafish embryo using head space gas chromatography from proper exposure methods to embryo processing and ethanol analysis.

ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィーを用いたゼブラフィッシュ胚におけるエタノール濃度の定量

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describe a highly variable continuum of ethanol-induced developmental defects, including facial dysmorphologies ...

Zebrafish as a Model to Assess the Teratogenic Potential of Nitrite

High nitrate levels in the environment may&#160;result in congenital defects or miscarriages in humans. Presumably, this is due to the conversion of nitrate to nitrite by gut and salivary bacteria. However, in other mammalian studies, high nitrite levels do not cause birth defects, although they can lead to poor reproductive outcomes. Thus, the teratogenic potential of nitrite is not clear. It would be useful to have a vertebrate model system to easily assess teratogenic effects of nitrite or any other chemical of interest. Here, we demonstrate the utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to screen compounds for toxicity and embryonic defects. Zebrafish embryos are fertilized externally and have rapid development, making them a good model for teratogenic studies. We show that increasing the time of exposure to nitrite negatively affects survival. Increasing the concentration of nitrite also adversely affects survival, whereas nitrate does not. For embryos that survive nitrite exposure, various defects can occur, including pericardial and yolk sac&#160;edema, swim bladder noninflation, and craniofacial malformation. Our results indicate that the zebrafish is a convenient system for studying the teratogenic potential of nitrite. This approach can easily be adapted to test other chemicals for their effects on early vertebrate development.

Exposure to teratogens may cause birth defects. Zebrafish are useful for determining the teratogenic potential of chemicals. We demonstrate the utility of zebrafish by exposing embryos to various levels of nitrite and also at different times of exposure. We show that nitrite can be toxic and cause severe developmental defects.

亜硝酸塩の催奇形性を評価するためのモデルとしてのゼブラフィッシュ

High nitrate levels in the environment may&#160;result in congenital defects or miscarriages in humans. Presumably, this is due to the conversion of ...

免疫・感染学

Modeling Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Zebrafish to Characterize the Impact of an Adverse Embryonic Environment on Adult Social Behavior

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe all alcohol-induced birth defects. Birth defects such as growth deficiencies, craniofacial, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities are associated with FASD. Social difficulties are common behavioral abnormalities associated with FASD and often result in serious health issues. Animal models are critical to understanding the mechanisms responsible for ethanol-induced social defects. Zebrafish are social vertebrates that produce externally fertilized transparent eggs; these characteristics provide researchers with a precise yet simple procedure for creating the FASD phenotype and an innate behavior that can be leveraged to model the social deficits associated with FASD. Thus, zebrafish are ideal for characterizing the social deficits of FASD. The goal of the current protocol is to provide the user with a simple behavioral assay that can be used to characterize the consequences of a negative environment early during development and the effects it can have on social behavior in adulthood. The protocol can be used to characterize the effect mutations or teratogens have on adult social behavior. The protocol outlined here demonstrates how to characterize the social behavior of individual fish during a 20-min social assay. Furthermore, the data obtained using the current protocol provides evidence that the protocol can be used to characterize the effects of embryonic ethanol-induced social defects in adult zebrafish.

The goal of the current protocol is to outline the steps necessary to establish and use a social preference assay for adult zebrafish and demonstrate that it can be used to characterize ethanol-induced social defects.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe all alcohol-induced birth defects. Birth defects such as growth deficiencies, craniofacial, behavioral, ...

The Zebrafish Tol2 System: A Modular and Flexible Gateway-Based Transgenesis Approach

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are characterized by a highly variable set of structural defects and cognitive impairments that arise due to prenatal ethanol exposure. Due to the complex pathology of FASD, animal models have proven critical to our current understanding of ethanol-induced developmental defects. Zebrafish have proven to be a powerful model to examine ethanol-induced developmental defects due to the high degree of conservation of both genetics and development between zebrafish and humans. As a model system, zebrafish possess many attributes that make them ideal for developmental studies, including large numbers of externally fertilized embryos that are genetically tractable and translucent. This allows researchers to precisely control the timing and dosage of ethanol exposure in multiple genetic contexts. One important genetic tool available in zebrafish is transgenesis. However, generating transgenic constructs and establishing transgenic lines can be complex and difficult. To address this issue, zebrafish researchers have established the transposon-based Tol2 transgenesis system. This modular system uses a multisite Gateway cloning approach for the quick assembly of complete Tol2 transposon-based transgenic constructs. Here, we describe the flexible Tol2 system toolbox and a protocol for generating transgenic constructs ready for zebrafish transgenesis and their use in ethanol studies.

This work describes a protocol for the modular Tol2 transgenesis system, a gateway-based cloning method to create and inject transgenic constructs into zebrafish embryos.

ゼブラフィッシュTol2システム:モジュール式で柔軟なゲートウェイベースのトランスジェネシスアプローチ

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are characterized by a highly variable set of structural defects and cognitive impairments that arise due to ...

Small Molecule Screening and Toxicity Testing in Early-stage Zebrafish Larvae

Zebrafish have become a prominent model organism for human translational research, toxicity testing of small molecules and environmental pollutants, therapeutic drug discovery, and other biomedical research applications. The presented protocol aims to provide a clear guide for drug screening and toxicity testing in early-stage zebrafish larvae (aged 3-7 days post fertilization, dpf). Several methodologies describing toxicity testing in zebrafish larvae have been published, albeit lacking a standardized protocol for exposure durations, rate of media changes, and morphology scoring, amongst others. We experimentally determined the ideal larvae ages for conducting the experiments, the plate sizes that work best for those ages, the rate of media changes that provide reliable results while limiting wastage&#160;of test compound, and a morphology scoring system that is easily quantifiable in a statistical manner. The manuscript describes in detail a protocol for toxicity testing in zebrafish larvae aged between&#160;3 to 7 dpf, aiming to target the gap in drug toxicity testing and taking the first step towards a standardized method similar to the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test.

This protocol describes a drug screening procedure in zebrafish larvae 3-7 days post fertilization followed by morphological assessment.

初期ゼブラフィッシュ幼生における低分子スクリーニングと毒性試験

Zebrafish have become a prominent model organism for human translational research, toxicity testing of small molecules and environmental pollutants, ...