Name: dissection and live-imaging of the late embryonic drosophila gonad
Uploaded: 2020-10-17T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 8 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Live-Imaging of the Late Embryonic Drosophila Gonad at JoVE.com

ברצוננו להודות ללינדזי ו. פלשארט וג'סטין סוי על תרומתם המשמעותית לפיתוח המוקדם של פרוטוקול זה. המחברים מודים לקהילת הזבובים על נדיבותם עם ריאגנטים, ובמיוחד לרות להמן ובנג'מין לין על מתנתם בשורה מס'5'-Lifeact-tdtomato p2a tdkatushka2 Caax nos3' לפני פרסומה. במחקר זה נעשה שימוש במניות שהתקבלו ממרכז המניות של בלומינגטון דרוזופילה (NIH P40OD018537). עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי NIH RO1 GM060804, R33AG04791503 ו- R35GM136270 (S.D) וכן מענקי הכשרה T32GM007229 (B.W.) ו- F32GM125123 (L.A.).

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למחברים אין מה לחשוף.

במהלך הגונדוגנזה, הגונד העוברי, ובמיוחד גומחת תאי הגזע בתוך הגונדהזכרי 15, עוברים שינויים מורפולוגיים מהירים. מנגנונים התפתחותיים העומדים בבסיס השינויים הדינמיים הללו מובנים בצורה הטובה ביותר באמצעות טכניקות הדמיה חיה. עם זאת, בשלב העוברי 17, הדמיית in vivo של הגונד הופכת לב?...

אשכי Drosophila melanogaster שימשו פרדיגמה להבנתנו תהליכים תאיים דינמיים רבים. מחקרים על מודל זה שפכו אור על ויסות חלוקת תאי גזע 1,2,3, התפתחות תאי נבט 4,5, ביולוגיה של פירנ"א 6,7,8, ואירועי איתות תאי גזע נישה 9,10,11,12,13. מודל זה הוא יתרון מכיוון שהוא ניתן למתיחה גנטיתשל 14,15 והוא אחד הבודדים שבהם אנו יכולים לדמות תאי גזע חיים בסביבתם הטבעית 3,16,17,18. עם זאת, הדמיה חיה של מודל זה הוגבלה לרקמות בוגרות ולשלבים עובריים מוקדמים, והותירה פער בידע שלנו על דינמיקה של גונדאל בעובר המאוחר, השלב המדויק שבו הנישה נוצרת לראשונה ומתחילה לתפקד.
הגונד העוברי בשלב מאוחר הוא כדור, המורכב מתאי נישה סומאטיים בחלק הקדמי, ותאי נבט הנספים על ידי תאי גונדל סומטיים באזורים אחוריים יותר19. ניתן לדמות איבר זה חי ב- vivo עד שלב העוברי המוקדם 1717,20,21. הדמיה נוספת נמנעת עקב ייזום התכווצויות שרירים בקנה מידה גדול. התכווצויות אלה כה חמורות עד שהן דוחפות את הגונד אל מחוץ למסגרת ההדמיה, ותנועה כזו אינה ניתנת לתיקון באמצעות תוכנת הדמיה. המעבדה שלנו מעוניינת לחשוף את המנגנונים של היווצרות נישה, המתרחשת בתקופה חמקמקה זו להדמיה חיה. לכן, יצרנו גישת ex vivo לדימוי חי של הגונד החל משלב 16 העוברי, מה שמקל על חקר הדינמיקה של התאים בתקופה מכרעת זו של התפתחות הגונד. עבודות קודמות מהמעבדה שלנו מראות כי הדמיית ex vivo זו משחזרת בנאמנות את פיתוח ה-in vivo gonad17. טכניקה זו היא הראשונה והיחידה מסוגה עבור הגונד העוברי של דרוזופילה.
כאן, אנו מציגים את פרוטוקול הנתיחה הנדרש להדמיה חיה ex vivo של הגונד בשלבים העובריים המאוחרים. פרוטוקול זה יכול להיות משולב עם טיפולים פרמקולוגיים, או מניפולציה מהונדסת של שושלות תאים ספציפיות בתוך הגונד. באמצעות טכניקה זו, צילמנו בהצלחה את השלבים של היווצרות נישה של תאי גזע17. גישת הדמיה זו היא אפוא חיונית לתחום הביולוגיה של תאי הגזע, שכן היא תאפשר הדמיה של השלבים הראשונים של היווצרות נישה בזמן אמת בסביבתה הטבעית15,17. בעוד ששיטה זו מועילה לתחום הביולוגיה של תאי גזע, היא גם ישימה להדמיה של תהליכים דינמיים המתרחשים בגונד במהלך נקודת זמן התפתחותית זו, כולל סידור מחדש של תאים22, הידבקות תאים 2,12,23 ונדידת תאים23. פרוטוקול דיסקציה זה ישפר אפוא את הבנתנו לגבי תהליכים ביולוגיים בסיסיים רבים של התאים.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Alfa Aesar Tungsten wire</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AA10408G6</td><td>0.25mm (0.01 in.) dia., 99.95% (metals basis)</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;D. melanogaster:&lt;/em&gt; His2Av::mRFP1</td><td>Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (BDSC)</td><td>FBtp0056035</td><td>Schuh, Lehner, &amp;amp; Heidmann, Current Biology, 2007</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;D. melanogaster: nos&lt;/em&gt;-lifeact::tdtomato</td><td>Gift from Ruth Lehmann Lab</td><td></td><td>Lin, Luo, &amp;amp; Lehmann, Nature Communications, 2020: nos5&#039;- Lifeact-tdtomato p2a tdkatushka2 Caax nos3&#039;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;D. melanogaster: P-Dsix4-eGFP::Moesin&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td>FBtp0083398</td><td>Sano et al., PLoS One, 2012</td></tr><tr><td>Diamond-tipped knife</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Double-sided tape</td><td>Scotch</td><td>665</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>10082</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Imaging dish</td><td>MatTek</td><td>P35GC-1.5-14-C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Imaging software</td><td>Molecular Devices</td><td></td><td>MetaMorph Microscopy Automation and Image Analysis Software v7.8.4.0</td></tr><tr><td>Insulin, bovine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>l0516</td><td>Store aliquots at 4 &amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>08-955</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nytex basket</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td><td>Corning</td><td>30-002-Cl</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ringer&#039;s solution</td><td></td><td></td><td>2 mM MgCl2, 2 mM CaCl2, 130 mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 36 mM Sucrose, 5mM Hepe&amp;rsquo;s Buffer; adjusted with NaOH until pH of 7.3 is achieved</td></tr><tr><td>Schneider&#039;s Insect Media</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>21720-024</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

dissection and live-imaging of the late embryonic drosophila gonad

הגונד העוברי הזכרי Drosophila melanogaster הוא מודל יתרון לחקר היבטים שונים של ביולוגיה התפתחותית, כולל, אך לא רק, התפתחות תאי נבט, ביולוגיה של פירנ"א והיווצרות נישה. כאן, אנו מציגים טכניקת דיסקציה כדי לצלם בשידור חי את ה- gonad ex vivo בתקופה שבה הדמיה חיה in vivo אינה יעילה מאוד. פרוטוקול זה מתווה כיצד להעביר עוברים לצלחת הדמיה, לבחור עוברים זכריים בשלבים מתאימים ולנתח את הגונד מהרקמה הסובבת אותו תוך שמירה על שלמותו המבנית. לאחר הניתוח, ניתן לצלם את הגונדות באמצעות מיקרוסקופ קונפוקלי כדי להמחיש תהליכים תאיים דינמיים. הליך הנתיחה דורש תזמון ומיומנות מדויקים, אך אנו מספקים תובנה כיצד למנוע טעויות נפוצות וכיצד להתגבר על אתגרים אלה. למיטב ידיעתנו זהו פרוטוקול הנתיחה הראשון של הגונד העוברי דרוזופילה , והוא יאפשר הדמיה חיה בחלון זמן בלתי נגיש אחרת. ניתן לשלב טכניקה זו עם מניפולציות מהונדסות פרמקולוגיות או מסוג תאים ספציפיים כדי לחקור תהליכים דינמיים המתרחשים בתוך או בין התאים בסביבתם הגונדלית הטבעית.

אנו ממחישים את ההכנה של צלחת ההדמיה באיור 1, כפי שמתואר ב"הכנת יום הנתיחה". שיטות אלה אמורות לגרום בסופו של דבר לכך שעוברים בעלי לחות טובה יידבקו לרצועת החלקה, המקובעת באופן זמני לתחתית המנה ושקועה בתמיסה של רינגר (איור 1F). סכין עם קצה יהלום מאפשרת לפרוס בצורה ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Live-Imaging of the Late Embryonic Drosophila Gonad at JoVE.com

Dissection and Live-Imaging of the Late Embryonic Drosophila Gonad

כאן, אנו מספקים פרוטוקול דיסקציה הנדרש כדי לצלם בשידור חי את הגונד הזכר העוברי המנוח של דרוזופילה . פרוטוקול זה יאפשר תצפית על תהליכים תאיים דינמיים בתנאים רגילים או לאחר מניפולציה מהונדסת או פרמקולוגית.

דיסקציה והדמיה חיה של דרוזופילה גונד העוברית המאוחרת

The Drosophila melanogaster male embryonic gonad is an advantageous model to study various aspects of developmental biology including, but not limited to, ...

dissection-and-live-imaging-of-the-late-embryonic-drosophila-gonad

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Dissection and Live-Imaging of the Late Embryonic Drosophila Gonad

3.2K Views.  University of Pennsylvania. כאן, אנו מספקים פרוטוקול דיסקציה הנדרש כדי לצלם בשידור חי את הגונד הזכר העוברי המנוח של דרוזופילה . פרוטוקול זה יאפשר תצפית על תהליכים תאיים דינמיים בתנאים רגילים או לאחר מניפולציה מהונדסת או פרמקולוגית.

Video: Dissection and Live-Imaging of the Late Embryonic Drosophila Gonad

Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye

Inherent processes of Drosophila pupal development can shift and distort the eye epithelium in ways that make individual cell behavior difficult to track during live cell imaging. These processes include: retinal rotation, cell growth and organismal movement. Additionally, irregularities in the topology of the epithelium, including subtle bumps and folds often introduced as the pupa is prepared for imaging, make it challenging to acquire in-focus images of more than a few ommatidia in a single focal plane. The workflow outlined here remedies these issues, allowing easy analysis of cellular processes during Drosophila pupal eye development. Appropriately-staged pupae are arranged in an imaging rig that can be easily assembled in most laboratories. Ubiquitin-DE-Cadherin:GFP and GMR-GAL4&#8211;driven UAS-&#945;-catenin:GFP are used to visualize cell boundaries in the eye epithelium 1-3. After deconvolution is applied to fluorescent images captured at multiple focal planes, maximum projection images are generated for each time point and enhanced using image editing software. Alignment algorithms are used to quickly stabilize superfluous motion, making individual cell behavior easier to track.

Live-imaging of the Drosophila Pupal Eye

This protocol presents an efficient method for imaging the live Drosophila pupal eye neuroepithelium. This method compensates for tissue movement and uneven topology, enhances visualization of cell boundaries through the use of multiple GFP-tagged junction proteins, and uses an easily-assembled imaging rig.

Live-הדמיה של<em&gt; דרוזופילה</em&gt; גלמי עין

Inherent processes of Drosophila pupal development can shift and distort the eye epithelium in ways that make individual cell behavior difficult to track ...

Live Imaging of Glial Cell Migration in the Drosophila Eye Imaginal Disc

Glial cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms must migrate to final target regions in order to ensheath and support associated neurons. While recent progress has been made to describe the live migration of glial cells in the developing pupal wing (1), studies of Drosophila glial cell migration have typically involved the examination of fixed tissue. Live microscopic analysis of motile cells offers the ability to examine cellular behavior throughout the migratory process, including determining the rate of and changes in direction of growth. Paired with use of genetic tools, live imaging can be used to determine more precise roles for specific genes in the process of development. Previous work by Silies et al. (2) has described the migration of glia originating from the optic stalk, a structure that connects the developing eye and brain, into the eye imaginal disc in fixed tissue. Here we outline a protocol for examining the live migration of glial cells into the Drosophila eye imaginal disc. We take advantage of a Drosophila line that expresses GFP in developing glia to follow glial cell progression in wild type and in mutant animals.

Here we describe a protocol to examine the migration of glial cells into the developing Drosophila eye using live microscopic analysis paired with GFP tagged glial cells.

הדמיה חיה של נדידת תאים גליה את הדיסק העין דמותי תסיסנית

Glial cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms must migrate to final target regions in order to ensheath and support associated neurons.  While ...

Biology

Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography for In-vivo Imaging of Developing Drosophila

Visualizing developing organ formation as well as progession and treatment of disease often heavily relies on the ability to optically interrogate molecular and functional changes in intact living organisms. Most existing optical imaging methods are inadequate for imaging at dimensions that lie between the penetration limits of modern optical microscopy (0.5-1mm) and the diffusion-imposed limits of optical macroscopy (&gt;1cm) [1]. Thus, many important model organisms, e.g. insects, animal embryos or small animal extremities, remain inaccessible for in-vivo optical imaging. 
Although there is increasing interest towards the development of nanometer-resolution optical imaging methods, there have not been many successful efforts in improving the imaging penetration depth. The ability to perform in-vivo imaging beyond microscopy limits is in fact met with the difficulties associated with photon scattering present in tissues. Recent efforts to image entire embryos for example [2,3] require special chemical treatment of the specimen, to clear them from scattering, a procedure that makes them suitable only for post-mortem imaging. These methods however evidence the need for imaging larger specimens than the ones usually allowed by two-photon or confocal microscopy, especially in developmental biology and in drug discovery.
We have developed a new optical imaging technique named Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography [4], which appropriate for non-invasive in-vivo imaging at dimensions of 1mm-5mm. The method exchanges resolution for penetration depth, but offers unprecedented tomographic imaging performance and it has been developed to add time as a new dimension in developmental biology observations (and possibly other areas of biological research) by imparting the ability to image the evolution of fluorescence-tagged responses over time. As such it can accelerate studies of morphological or functional dependencies on gene mutations or external stimuli, and can importantly, capture the complete picture of development or tissue function by allowing longitudinal time-lapse visualization of the same, developing organism.
The technique utilizes a modified laboratory microscope and multi-projection illumination to collect data at 360-degree projections. It applies the Fermi simplification to Fokker-Plank solution of the photon transport equation, combined with geometrical optics principles in order to build a realistic inversion scheme suitable for mesoscopic range. This allows in-vivo whole-body visualization of non-transparent three-dimensional structures in samples up to several millimeters in size.
We have demonstrated the in-vivo performance of the technique by imaging three-dimensional structures of developing Drosophila tissues in-vivo and by following the morphogenesis of the wings in the opaque Drosophila pupae in real time over six consecutive hours.

Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography for In-vivo Imaging of Developing Drosophila

Mesoscopic fluorescence tomography operates beyond the penetration limits of tissue-sectioning fluorescence microscopy. The technique is based on multi-projection illumination and a photon transport description. We demonstrate in-vivo whole-body 3D visualization of the morphogenesis of GFP-expressing wing imaginal discs in Drosophila melanogaster.

Mesoscopic Fluorescence טומוגרפיה עבור In-vivo הדמיה של פיתוח תסיסנית</em

Visualizing  developing organ formation as well as progession and treatment of disease often  heavily relies on the ability to optically interrogate ...

Live Dissection of Drosophila Embryos: Streamlined Methods for Screening Mutant Collections by Antibody Staining

Drosophila embryos between stages 14 and 17 of embryonic development can be readily dissected to generate "fillet" preparations. In these preparations, the central nervous system runs down the middle, and is flanked by the body walls. Many different phenotypes have been examined using such preparations. In most cases, the fillets were generated by dissection of antibody-stained fixed whole-mount embryos. These "fixed dissections" have some disadvantages, however. They are time-consuming to execute, and it is difficult to sort mutant (GFP-negative) embryos from stocks in which mutations are maintained over GFP balancer chromosomes. Since 2002, our group has been conducting deficiency and ectopic expression screens to identify ligands for orphan receptors. In order to do this, we developed streamlined protocols for live embryo dissection and antibody staining of collections containing hundreds of balanced lines. We have concluded that it is considerably more efficient to examine phenotypes in large collections of stocks by live dissection than by fixed dissection. Using the protocol described here, a single trained individual can screen up to 10 lines per day for phenotypes, examining 4-7 mutant embryos from each line under a compound microscope. This allows the identification of mutations conferring subtle, low-penetrance phenotypes, since up to 70 hemisegments per line are scored at high magnification with a 40X water-immersion lens.

Live Dissection of Drosophila Embryos: Streamlined Methods for Screening Mutant Collections by Antibody Staining

We describe a streamlined protocol for generating "fillet" preparations of Drosophila embryos of specific genotypes. This protocol allows efficient execution of a variety of genetic screens. It also allows excellent visualization of structures in the late embryo.

Dissection חיים של תסיסנית עוברים: שיטות יעיל עבור הקרנת אוספים Mutant ידי מכתים נוגדן

Drosophila embryos between stages 14 and 17 of embryonic development can be readily dissected to generate "fillet" preparations.  In these preparations, ...

Imaging and Analysis of Tissue Orientation and Growth Dynamics in the Developing Drosophila Epithelia During Pupal Stages

Within multicellular organisms, mature tissues and organs display high degrees of order in the spatial arrangements of their constituent cells. A remarkable example is given by sensory epithelia, where cells of the same or distinct identities are brought together via cell-cell adhesion showing highly organized planar patterns. Cells align to one another in the same direction and display equivalent polarity over large distances. This organization of the mature epithelia is established over the course of morphogenesis. To understand how the planar arrangement of the mature epithelia is achieved, it is crucial to track cell orientation and growth dynamics with high spatiotemporal fidelity during development in vivo. Robust analytical tools are also essential to identify and characterize local-to-global transitions. The Drosophila pupa is an ideal system to evaluate oriented cell shape changes underlying epithelial morphogenesis. The pupal developing epithelium constitutes the external surface of the immobile body, allowing long-term imaging of intact animals. The protocol described here is designed to image and analyze cell behaviors at both global and local levels in the pupal abdominal epidermis as it grows. The methodology described can be easily adapted to the imaging of cell behaviors at other developmental stages, tissues, subcellular structures, or model organisms.

Imaging and Analysis of Tissue Orientation and Growth Dynamics in the Developing Drosophila Epithelia During Pupal Stages

This protocol is designed for the imaging and analysis of the dynamics of cell orientation and tissue growth in the Drosophila abdominal epithelia as the fruit fly undergoes metamorphosis. The methodology described here can be applied to the study of different developmental stages, tissues, and subcellular structures in Drosophila or other model organisms.

הדמיה וניתוח של כיוון רקמות ודינמיקה בפיתוח הדרוזולה אפיתליה במהלך שלבי pupal

Within multicellular organisms, mature tissues and organs display high degrees of order in the spatial arrangements of their constituent cells. A ...

הדמיה צמחי מוח חיים מזחלי Drosophila melanogaster זחלי Instar שלישי

Live-Cell Imaging of Drosophila melanogaster Third Instar Larval Brains

Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts, NBs hereafter) undergo asymmetric divisions, regenerating the self-renewing neuroblast, while also forming a differentiating ganglion mother cell (GMC), which will undergo one additional division to give rise to two neurons or glia. Studies in NBs have uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying cell polarity, spindle orientation, neural stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation. These asymmetric cell divisions are readily observable via live-cell imaging, making larval NBs ideally suited for investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of asymmetric cell division in living tissue. When properly dissected and imaged in nutrient-supplemented medium, NBs in explant brains robustly divide for 12-20 h. Previously described methods are technically difficult and may be challenging to those new to the field. Here, a protocol is described for the preparation, dissection, mounting, and imaging of live third-instar larval brain explants using fat body supplements. Potential problems are also discussed, and examples are provided for how this technique can be used.

מחבר Spotlight: Investigating Asymmetric Cell Division Dynamics: A Protocol for Live-Imaging of Drosophila larval brain explants 

Here, we discuss a workflow to prepare, dissect, mount, and image live explant brains from Drosophila melanogaster third instar larvae to observe the cellular and subcellular dynamics under physiological conditions.

הדמיה של תאים חיים של Drosophila melanogaster מוח זחל כוכב שלישי

Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts, NBs hereafter) undergo asymmetric divisions, regenerating the self-renewing neuroblast, while also forming a ...

Real-Time Imaging of Germline Stem Cells in Drosophila Ex Vivo Germaria Culture

Extended Live Imaging of Female Drosophila melanogaster Germline Stem Cell Niches

Live imaging methods allow the analysis of dynamic cellular processes in detail and in real-time. The Drosophila ovary represents an excellent model to explore the dynamics of a myriad of developmental processes, such as cell division, stemness, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, cellular adhesion, etc., over time. Recently, we have implemented an extended ex vivo culture and live imaging of the female Drosophila GSC niche. Using a Drosophila line harboring a GFP::Par-1 transgene as an example, this method allows the visualization of the GSCs&#39; asymmetric division within their niche and the description of the changes in the spectrosome morphology along the cell cycle. Here, we present a detailed protocol for the ex vivo culture of Drosophila germaria, enabling prolonged visualization of the female GSC niche. Importantly, this protocol is broadly applicable to live imaging GSCs with multiple fluorescently tagged proteins of interest that are available in stock centers and/or in the Drosophila research community.

Here, we provide a detailed protocol to perform live imaging of the asymmetric division of germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila ovarian niche. We use a transgenic line that ubiquitously expresses a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the spectrosome protein Par-1.

Live imaging methods allow the analysis of dynamic cellular processes in detail and in real-time. The Drosophila ovary represents an excellent model to ...

Visualization of the Axonal Projection Pattern of Embryonic Motor Neurons in Drosophila

The establishment of functional neuromuscular circuits relies on precise connections between developing motor axons and target muscles. Motor neurons extend growth cones to navigate along specific pathways by responding to a large number of axon guidance cues that emanate from the surrounding extracellular environment. Growth cone target recognition also plays a critical role in neuromuscular specificity. This work presents a standard immunohistochemistry protocol to visualize motor neuron projections of late stage-16 Drosophila melanogaster embryos. This protocol includes a few key steps, including a genotyping procedure, to sort the desired mutant embryos; an immunostaining procedure, to tag embryos with fasciclin II (FasII) antibody; and a dissection procedure, to generate filleted preparations from fixed embryos. Motor axon projections and muscle patterns in the periphery are much better visualized in flat preparations of filleted embryos than in whole-mount embryos. Therefore, the filleted preparation of fixed embryos stained with FasII antibody provides a powerful tool to characterize the genes required for motor axon pathfinding and target recognition, and it can also be applied to both loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic screens.

Visualization of the Axonal Projection Pattern of Embryonic Motor Neurons in Drosophila

This work details a standard immunohistochemistry method to visualize motor neuron projections of late stage-16 Drosophila melanogaster embryos. The filleted preparation of fixed embryos stained with FasII antibody provides a powerful tool to characterize the genes required for motor axon pathfinding and target recognition during neural development.

ויזואליזציה של דפוס היטל אקסונל של נוירונים מוטוריים עובריים ב<em&gt; תסיסנית</em

The establishment of functional neuromuscular circuits relies on precise connections between developing motor axons and target muscles. Motor neurons ...

דיסקציה והדמיה חיה של דרוזופילה גונד העוברית המאוחרת

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Live-הדמיה של

הדמיה חיה של נדידת תאים גליה את הדיסק העין דמותי תסיסנית

Mesoscopic Fluorescence טומוגרפיה עבור In-vivo הדמיה של פיתוח תסיסנית

Dissection חיים של תסיסנית עוברים: שיטות יעיל עבור הקרנת אוספים Mutant ידי מכתים נוגדן

הדמיה וניתוח של כיוון רקמות ודינמיקה בפיתוח הדרוזולה אפיתליה במהלך שלבי pupal

הדמיה של תאים חיים של Drosophila melanogaster מוח זחל כוכב שלישי

הדמיה של תאים חיים של Drosophila melanogaster מוח זחל כוכב שלישי

הדמיה של תאים חיים של Drosophila melanogaster מוח זחל כוכב שלישי

Extended Live Imaging of Female Drosophila melanogaster Germline Stem Cell Niches

ויזואליזציה של דפוס היטל אקסונל של נוירונים מוטוריים עובריים ב