Name: preparation of raav9 to overexpress or knockdown genes in mouse hearts
Uploaded: 2016-12-17T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 11 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts at JoVE.com

We thank Dr. Zaffar Haque for careful reading of the manuscript. We thank Drs. Masaharu Kataoka and Gengze Wu for discussions and help. Work in the Wang lab is supported by the American Heart Association, Muscular Dystrophy Association, and NIH (HL085635, HL116919, HL125925).

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

חשוב למזער רקומבינציה ITR הרצויה במהלך בניית פלסמיד. לפני יצירת הווירוס, אחד חייב תמיד לפקח על שלמות ITR של פלסמידים AAV באמצעות עיכול הגבלה ו ג&#39;ל אלקטרופורזה agarose. אי אפשר להשיג 100% פלסמידים ללא פגע, אך יחס רקומבינציה יש לצמצם ככל האפשר. פחות מ -20% מקובלים לאריזת rAAV9 מוצלחת...

A correction was made to the Authors section in: <a href="http://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/video/54787">Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts</a>.
One of the authors names and affiliation was corrected from:
Jian-Ming Jiang3,4 
3 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School 
4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
to:
Jianming Jiang5 
5 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore

A correction was made to the Authors section in: <a href="http://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/video/54787">Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts</a>.

Erratum: Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

שליטת ביטוי או פעילות של גנים ספציפיים במערכות ביולוגיות שונות הפכה אסטרטגיה יקרה בחקר גן הפונקציה 1. אמצעי ישיר יותר לביצוע מטרה זו היא לתפעל רצפי נוקליאוטידים וליצור אללים מוטנטים. למרות ביצוע שינויים מדויקים, ממוקד הגנום של תא חי הוא עדיין זמן רב ותרגול עתיר עבודה, פיתוח כלי Talen ו Crispr / Cas9 עצמת פתחת עידן חדש של עריכת הגנום 2-5. שיטת מעבדה שיגרתית יותר למניפולציות גן התמקדה הנהגת חומרים הגנטי (DNAs ו RNAs המכיל רצפי קידוד או siRNAs / shRNAs) לתוך התאים לבטא או מציאת הגן (ים) של עניין 1,6. במקרים רבים, צוואר הבקבוק העיקרי עבור מניפולצית גן הוא המשלוח של DNA, RNA, או חלבון לתוך התאים. בכל הקשור ללימודי חוץ גופית, transfecti ביותרעל מערכות הוקמו שורות תאים בתרבית רבות. עם זאת, במודל העכבר בפרט, למסירת גן vivo ב היא אתגר גדול יותר. יש סדרה של מחסומי חוּץ ו תאיים שצריכים לעקוף אותו כדי להשיג ספיגת הסלולר יעילה של חומרים כימיים אקסוגניים. מכשולים נוספים כוללים את האישור המהיר משך הקצרה של 7,8 חומרים הנמסרים. אסטרטגיה אחת לעקוף בעיות אלה היא להשתמש וקטורים ויראליים כמו &quot;ספקים&quot; או &quot;כלי רכב&quot; למסירת גן vivo. המאפיינים התמרה טבעי- התפתחו של וירוסים לאפשר אספקה יעילה של הגן של עניין לתאים 7,9,10. סוגים רבים של וקטורים ויראליים פותחו ולאפשר גמישות מניפולציה גן vivo בסוגי תאים שונים ואיברים בעכברים. המערכות ויראלי הנפוץ ביותר בשימוש כוללים רטרו-וירוס, Lentivirus, Adenovirus, ו-associated virus Adeno (AAV) <sעד&gt; 11. רטרווירוסים הם וירוסי RNA חד-גדילים ויכולים להציג חומר הגנטי שלהם לגנום התא המארח באופן יציב במהלך חלוקת mitotic, מתן פוטנציאל הביטוי לאורך כל חייהם של גני transduced בתאי המטרה והאיברים 12-14. עם זאת, סוגים רבים של רטרווירוסים רק להדביק חלוקת תאים, והיעילות שלהם בתאים שאינם מתחלקים מאוד נמוכה 15. זה מגביל השירות שלהם למסירת גן. Lentivirus הוא סוג של משפחה Retroviridae. שונה רטרווירוסים אחרים, Lentivirus יכול להדביק שני התאים המתחלקים ולא להתחלק כבר בשימוש נרחב עבור העברת גנים לתוך-mitotic פוסט ותאי-מובחנים מאוד 16. מחזור החיים של Lentivirus כרוך גם שילוב של DNA וקטור לתוך הגנום המארח. לפיכך, למסירה גן Lentivirus בתיווך מאפשרת ביטוי יציב וארוך משך אלמנטים גנטיים transduced 16-18. עם זאת, תכונה זו יכולה לייצג-e כפולחרב dged בשימוש וירוסים אלה כדי לתפעל ביטוי גנים, כמו שילוב של DNA וקטור עלול להוביל mutagenesis insertional בתאים הפונדקאי ויכול לגרום לתופעות artefactual. Adenovirus הוא בשימוש נרחב אחר מערכת למסירת הגן. בניגוד רטרווירוסים ו lentiviruses, adenoviruses הם שאינם משולבים ואינם מפריעים שלמות הגנומי של תאים לארח 8,10,11,19. בנוסף, adenoviruses יכול transfect DNA לתוך תאים מסוגים רבים, והזיהום אינו תלוי 19 חלוקת התא פעיל. מאפיין נוסף חשוב של adenoviruses היא הקלות של טיהור וקטור, כמו וקטורים ויראליים יש את היכולת להיות משוכפל 19,20. עם זאת, האזהרה העיקרית של מערכת זו היא כי זיהום Adenovirus יכול לעורר תגובות חיסוניות חזקות בתאי יעד ואיברים 19, הגבלת שימוש בחקירות רבות, במיוחד בלימודי ריפוי גנטי. לעומת אלה מסוג אחרים של וקטורים ויראליים, רקומביננטי Adeno הקשורים וירוס (rAAV) נראה כי מערכת למסירה גן אידיאלי 21,22. הוא מציג immunogenicity מינימלי פתוגניות 23,24. בנוסף, rAAV מדביק מגוון רחב של סוגי תאים, כולל שני המפריד תאים שאינם מתחלקים. ברוב המקרים, rAAV לא להשתלב בגנום המארח; וכך, את הסיכון של שינויים גנטיים או הגנומי רצויים בתאי המטרה הוא 22 נמוך. לאחרונה, מערכות rAAV שימשו בהצלחה עבור משלוח in vivo של חלבונים קידוד DNA, miRNAs, shRNAs, ו Crispr-gRNAs לעכבר הלב שרירים 23,25-29. מתודולוגיה זו יש להקל חקירות יסוד ולימודי ריפוי גנטי בתחום מחקר לב וכלי דם. כאן, הנוהל המפורט ליצור וקטורי rAAV9 ביעילות ביטוי יתר או מציאת הגנים של עניין לבבות עכבר תוארה. הפרוטוקול מספק שיטה פשוטה ויעילה שלמניפולציה ביטוי גנים הלב במודלים ניסיוניים בעכברים.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Polyethylenimine, Linear (MW 25,000)</td><td>Polysciences, Inc.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>#23966-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tube, Polypropylene, 36.2 ml, 25 x 87 mm, (qty. 56)</td><td>Beckman Coulter, Inc</td><td># 362183</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuclease, ultrapure</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>#E8263-25KU</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Density Gradient Medium(Iodixanol)</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>#D1556-250ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifugal Filter Unit with Ultracel-100 membrane</td><td>EMD Millipore Corporation</td><td>#UFC910008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laboratory pipetting needle with 90&amp;deg; blunt ends,gauge 14, L 6 in., nickel plated hub</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>#CAD7942-12EA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poloxamer 188 solution (Pluronic&amp;reg; F-68 solution)</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>P5556-100ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Proteinase K</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>3115828001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNase I</td><td>Roche</td><td>10104159001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge machine</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>75004260</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge System</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>363118</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultracentrifuge</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM medium</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SH30243FS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Atlanta Biologicals&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>S11150</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>rAAV9 vector</td><td>Penn Vector Core</td><td>P1967</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation of raav9 to overexpress or knockdown genes in mouse hearts

שליטה על הביטוי או פעילות של גנים ספציפיים באמצעות משלוח שריר הלב של חומרים גנטיים במודלי Murine מתירה חקירת פונקציות גן. הפוטנציאל הטיפולי שלהם בלב ניתן לקבוע גם. ישנן גישות מוגבלות להתערבות מולקולרית in vivo בלב העכבר. Adeno הקשורים וירוס רקומביננטי (rAAV) הנדסת הגנום מבוססת נוצלה ככלי חיוני מניפולצית גני in vivo לב. היתרונות הספציפיים של טכנולוגיה זו כוללים יעילות גבוהה, סגולי גבוהה, שיעור אינטגרציה הגנומי נמוך, מינימאלית immunogenicity, ו פתוגניות מינימלי. כאן, נוהל מפורט לבנות, חבילה, ולטהר את וקטורי rAAV9 מתואר. הזרקה תת עורית של rAAV9 לתוך גורים בילוד תוצאת ביטוי חזק או מציאה יעילה של הגן (ים) של עניין בלב העכבר, אך לא בכבד וברקמות אחרות. שימוש-ספציפי הלבאמרגן ג TnnT2, ביטוי גבוה של גן GFP בלב הושג. בנוסף, למקד mRNA היה עצור בלב כאשר rAAV9-U6-shRNA נוצל. עבודת ידע טכנולוגי rAAV9 עשויה להיות שימושית עבור חקירות לב וכלי דם.

האסטרטגיות לבנייה rAAV9 של rAAV9.cTNT :: GFP או rAAV9.U6 :: פלסמידים shRNA מוצגים איורים 1 ו -2, בהתאמה. כמו בדוגמאות, וקטור rAAV9 נוצר כדי overexpress הגן GFP בלבבות עכבר. הפלסמיד שהתקבל מכיל את קלטת GFP :: cTNT ולצדו שני ITR אתרים (איור 1). וקטור rAAV9.U6 :: shRNA נבנ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts at JoVE.com

Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

In this manuscript, a method to prepare recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) vectors to manipulate gene expression in the mouse heart is described.

גני הכנת rAAV9 כדי overexpress או מציאת עכבר לבבות

Controlling the expression or activity of specific genes through the myocardial delivery of genetic materials in murine models permits the investigation ...

preparation-of-raav9-to-overexpress-or-knockdown-genes-in-mouse-hearts

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

12.7K Views.  Boston Children's Hospital. In this manuscript, a method to prepare recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) vectors to manipulate gene expression in the mouse heart is described. 

Video: Preparation of rAAV9 to Overexpress or Knockdown Genes in Mouse Hearts

Delivery of Modified mRNA in a Myocardial Infarction Mouse Model

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. In the past decade, gene therapy has become a promising treatment option for heart disease, owing to its efficiency and exceptional therapeutic effects. In an effort to repair the damaged tissue post-MI, various studies have employed DNA-based or viral gene therapy but have faced considerable hurdles due to the poor and uncontrolled expression of the delivered genes, edema, arrhythmia, and cardiac hypertrophy. Synthetic modified mRNA (modRNA) presents a novel gene therapy approach that offers high, transient, safe, nonimmunogenic, and controlled mRNA delivery to the heart tissue without any risk of genomic integration. Due to these remarkable characteristics combined with its bell-shaped pharmacokinetics in the heart, modRNA has become an attractive approach for the treatment of heart disease. However, to increase its effectiveness in vivo, a consistent and reliable delivery method needs to be followed. Hence, to maximize modRNA delivery efficiency and yield consistency in modRNA use for in vivo applications, an optimized method of preparation and delivery of modRNA intracardiac injection in a mouse MI model is presented. This protocol will make modRNA delivery more accessible for basic and translational research.

This protocol presents a simple and coherent way to transiently upregulate a gene of interest using modRNA after myocardial infarction in mice.

משלוח mRNA שונה במודל לעכבר אוטם שריר הלב

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. In the past decade, gene therapy has become a promising ...

Isolation and Genetic Manipulation of Adult Cardiac Myocytes for Confocal Imaging

Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult hearts are widely accepted as a model somewhere half way between embryonic and neonatal muscle cells on one side and a working heart on the other. Thus, cardiomyocytes serve as good models for cardiac cellular physiology and pathophysiology, for pharmaceutical investigations as well as for the exploration of transgenic animal models. Here we describe a method of isolating the cells from the heart. Furthermore we show how a genetic manipulation on cardiac myocytes can be performed without breeding a transgenic animal: This is the combination of long term culture (1 week) and adenoviral gene transfer. The latter one is described from the construction of the virus to the transduction of the cells. It can be used for the expression of genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs), fluorescent fusion proteins, but also for protein over expression and down regulation, e.g. using RNAi. Here we provide an example for the expression of a fusion protein staining a subcellular structure (Golgi). Such protein expression can be visualized by confocal imaging of z-stacks for a 3D-reconstruction of subcellular structures. The protocol comprises state-of-the-art in cell culture, molecular biology and biophysics and thus provides an approach for exploring new horizons in cellular cardiology.

Adult cardiac myocytes are primary cells that can be isolated from animal hearts and cultured for several days. Within this culture period adenoviral gene transfer can be used to express genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs) or fluorescent fusion proteins. Both approaches allow cellular investigations by means of confocal microscopy.

בידוד מניפולציה גנטית של Myocytes לב למבוגרים הדמיה confocal

Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult hearts are widely accepted as a model somewhere half way between embryonic and neonatal muscle cells on one side and ...

Biology

טרנסגנזה מבוססת אלקטרופורציה של תאי לב בלבבות עכברים

An Efficient Transgenesis Approach for Gene Delivery in the Mouse Embryonic Heart

The mammalian heart is a complex organ formed during development via highly diverse populations of progenitor cells. The origin, timing of recruitment, and fate of these progenitors are vital for the proper development of this organ. The molecular mechanisms that govern the morphogenesis of the heart are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases and embryonic cardiac regeneration. Classical approaches to investigate these mechanisms employed the generation of transgenic mice to assess the function of specific genes during cardiac development. However, mouse transgenesis is a complex, time-consuming process that often cannot be performed to assess the role of specific genes during heart development. To address this, we have developed a protocol for efficient electroporation and culture of mouse embryonic hearts, enabling transient transgenesis to rapidly assess the effect of gain- or loss-of-function of genes involved in cardiac development. Using this methodology, we successfully overexpressed Meis1 in the embryonic heart, with a preference for epicardial cell transfection, demonstrating the capabilities of the technique.

מחבר זרקור: טרנסגנזה של תאי לב לבדיקת גנים מהירה

This protocol presents a detailed methodological framework for electroporation-based transgenesis of cardiac cells in developing mouse hearts. The video assets provided here will facilitate learning of this versatile technique.

גישת טרנסגנזה יעילה להעברת גנים בלב העוברי של העכבר

The mammalian heart is a complex organ formed during development via highly diverse populations of progenitor cells. The origin, timing of recruitment, ...

Developmental Biology

Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR for Cardiac Gene Editing in Mice

The clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system has greatly facilitated genome engineering in both cultured cells and living organisms from a wide variety of species. The CRISPR technology has also been explored as novel therapeutics for a number of human diseases. Proof-of-concept data are highly encouraging as exemplified by recent studies that demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of gene editing-based therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using a murine model. In particular, intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype rh.74 (rAAVrh.74) has enabled efficient cardiac delivery of the Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-associated protein 9 (SaCas9) and two guide RNAs (gRNA) to delete a genomic region with a mutant codon in exon 23 of mouse Dmd gene. This same approach can also be used to knock out the gene-of-interest and study their cardiac function in postnatal mice when the gRNA is designed to target the coding region of the gene. In this protocol, we show in detail how to engineer rAAVrh.74-CRISPR vector and how to achieve highly efficient cardiac delivery in neonatal mice.

Here we provide a detailed protocol to carry out in vivo cardiac gene editing in mice using recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus(rAAV)-mediated delivery of CRISPR. This protocol offers a promising therapeutic strategy to treat dystrophic cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and can be used to generate cardiac-specific knockout in postnatal mice.

Adeno-הקשורים משלוח וירוס בתיווך של CRISPR עבור ג'ין לב עריכה בעכברים

The clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system has greatly facilitated genome engineering in both cultured cells and ...

Medicine

Cell Labeling and Injection in Developing Embryonic Mouse Hearts

Testing the fate of embryonic or pluripotent stem cell-derivatives in in vitro protocols has led to controversial outcomes that do not necessarily reflect their in vivo potential. Preferably, these cells should be placed in a proper embryonic environment in order to acquire their definite phenotype. Furthermore, cell lineage tracing studies in the mouse after labeling cells with dyes or retroviral vectors has remained mostly limited to early stage mouse embryos with still poorly developed organs. To overcome these limitations, we designed standard and ultrasound-mediated microinjection protocols to inject various agents in targeted regions of the heart in mouse embryos at E9.5 and later stages of development. &#160;Embryonic explant or embryos are then cultured or left to further develop in utero. These agents include fluorescent dyes, virus, shRNAs, or stem cell-derived progenitor cells. Our approaches allow for preservation of the function of the organ while monitoring migration and fate of labeled and/or injected cells. These technologies can be extended to other organs and will be very helpful to address key biological questions in biology of development.

We describe a series of methods to inject dyes, DNA vectors, virus, and cells in order to monitor both cell fate and phenotype of endogenous and grafted cells derived from embryonic or pluripotent cells within mouse embryos at embryonic day (E)9.5 and later stages of development.

תיוג תא והזרקה בפיתוח לבבות עכבר עוברי

Testing the fate of embryonic or pluripotent stem cell-derivatives in in vitro protocols has led to controversial outcomes that do not necessarily reflect ...

In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter

Cardiac reprogramming has become a potentially promising therapy to repair a damaged heart. By introducing multiple transcription factors, including Mef2c, Gata4, Tbx5 (MGT), fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). These iCMs, when generated in situ in an infarcted heart, integrate electrically and mechanically with the surrounding myocardium, leading to a reduction in scar size and an improvement in heart function. Because of the relatively low reprogramming efficiency, purity, and quality of the iCMs, characterization of iCMs remains a challenge. The currently used methods in this field, including flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and qPCR, mainly focus on cardiac-specific gene and protein expression but not on the functional maturation of iCMs. Triggered by action potentials, the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels in cardiomyocytes leads to a rapid influx of calcium into the cell. Therefore, quantifying the rate of calcium influx is a promising method to evaluate cardiomyocyte function. Here, the protocol introduces a method to evaluate iCM function by calcium (Ca2+) flux. An &#945;MHC-Cre/Rosa26A-Flox-Stop-Flox-GCaMP3 mouse strain was established by crossing Tg(Myh6-cre)1Jmk/J (referred to as Myh6-Cre below) with Gt(ROSA)26Sortm38(CAG-GCaMP3)Hze/J (referred to as Rosa26A-Flox-Stop-Flox-GCaMP3 below) mice. Neonatal cardiac fibroblasts (NCFs) from P0-P2 neonatal mice were isolated and cultured in vitro, and a polycistronic construction of MGT was introduced to NCFs, which led to their reprogramming to iCMs. Because only successfully reprogrammed iCMs will express GCaMP3 reporter, the functional maturation of iCMs can be visually assessed by Ca2+ flux with fluorescence microscopy. Compared with un-reprogrammed NCFs, NCF-iCMs showed significant calcium transient flux and spontaneous contraction, similar to CMs. This protocol describes in detail the mouse strain establishment, isolation and selection of neonatal mice hearts, NCF isolation, production of retrovirus for cardiac reprogramming, iCM induction, the evaluation of iCM Ca2+ flux using our reporter line, and related statistical analysis and data presentation. It is expected that the methods described here will provide a valuable platform to assess the functional maturation of iCMs for cardiac reprogramming studies.

We describe here, the establishment and application of an Tg(Myh6-cre)1Jmk/J /Gt(ROSA)26Sortm38(CAG-GCaMP3)Hze/J (referred to as &#945;MHC-Cre/Rosa26A-Flox-Stop-Flox-GCaMP3 below) mouse reporter line for cardiac reprogramming assessment. Neonatal cardiac fibroblasts (NCFs) isolated from the mouse strain are converted into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs), allowing for convenient and efficient evaluation of reprogramming efficiency and functional maturation of iCMs via calcium (Ca2+) flux.

הערכה במבחנה של תכנות לב מחדש על ידי מדידת שטף סידן ספציפי לב עם כתב GCaMP3

Cardiac reprogramming has become a potentially promising therapy to repair a damaged heart. By introducing multiple transcription factors, including ...

השתקת גנים סלקטיבית במקלעת הכורואיד

Targeted Knockdown of Genes in the Choroid Plexus

The choroid plexus (ChP) serves as a critical gateway for immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and pathological conditions. Recent research has shown that regulating ChP activity may offer protection against CNS disorders. However, studying the biological function of the ChP without affecting other brain regions is challenging due to its delicate structure. This study presents a novel method for gene knockdown in ChP tissue using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) or cyclization recombination enzyme (Cre) recombinase protein consisting of TAT sequence (CRE-TAT). The results demonstrate that after injecting AAV or CRE-TAT into the lateral ventricle, the fluorescence was exclusively concentrated in the ChP. Using this approach, the study successfully knocked down the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in the ChP using RNA interference (RNAi) or Cre/locus of X-overP1 (Cre/LoxP) systems, and showed that this knockdown could alleviate the pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This technique may have important implications for future research on the ChP's role in CNS disorders.

מחבר זרקור: תובנות וחידושים בטכניקות מניפולציה של ביטוי גנים לחקר מקלעת כורואיד 

Here, we describe a method to selectively alter gene expressions in the choroid plexus while avoiding any impact in other brain areas.

הפלה ממוקדת של גנים במקלעת הכורואיד

The choroid plexus (ChP) serves as a critical gateway for immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and ...

גני הכנת rAAV9 כדי overexpress או מציאת עכבר לבבות

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