Name: measuring the carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-pwv) to evaluate arterial stiffness
Uploaded: 2018-05-03T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 51 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness at JoVE.com

Ce travail est sous l’appui financier du programme clé National de recherche et développement de Chine (Grant No. 2017YFC0111800) et le gouvernement municipal de Shanghai (Grant ID. 2013ZYJB0902 et 15GWZK1002). Dr. Yi Zhang était soutenue par la Nature Science Fondation nationale de Chine (Grant ID. 81300239 et 81670377).

Ce protocole a été approuvé par l’hôpital éthique Comité du dixième du peuple de Shanghai.
1. le recrutement des Participants
<ol><li>Inclure les adultes avec une fréquence cardiaque modérée (40 < HR < 160).</li>
	<li>Utilisez les critères d’exclusion suivant.<ol>
<li>Exclure ceux sans fistule artérioveineuse interne pour la dialyse rénale ou toute autre Fistule artério-veineuse périphérique comme ça.</li>
		<li>Exclure ceux sans spasme artériel périphérique, par exemple la maladie de Raynaud.</li>
		<li>Exclure ceux sans sténose valvulaire aortique (transprosthetic pression gradient > 60 mmHg).</li>
		<li>Exclure ceux sans deuxième ou troisième degré un bloc auriculoventriculaire (AV).</li>
		<li>Exclure ceux sans fibrillation auriculaire ou de flutter auriculaire.</li>
		<li>Exclure ceux sans les plaques d’athérosclérose carotidiens instables qui peuvent se rompre après pétrissage. 9) sans troubles cognitifs ou incapables de coopérer.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Veiller à ce que la vessie des participants est vide.</li>
	<li>Avoir les participants à s’abstenir de fumer, le tabagisme ou l’utilisation de la caféine au moins 3 heures avant la mesure. S’abstenir de l’alcool pendant au moins 12 heures avant la mesure. Rapide pour au moins 3 heures avant la mesure.</li>
</ol>2. les mesures des TSD vasculaire
Remarque : cf-VOP et des mesures de PWA, telles que conventionnel quatre branches artérielle effectuées, sont réalisées via une méthode d’évaluation non invasive. Un protocole standard est crucial pour obtenir une valeur exacte, surtout quand il y a plusieurs opérateurs. Assurez-vous de pratiquer la méthode avant l’opération. Coopération du participant est primordial pour la mesure de la FC-VOP.
<ol><li>Expliquer la procédure pour le participant et d’obtenir la permission.</li>
	<li>Mesurer la taille et le poids avant le début des mesures.</li>
	<li>Expliquer que le processus peut prendre 5-10 min et consiste à laisser le mensonge participant sur le lit.<ol>
<li>Garder la peau propre et sèche en décalant la position en décubitus dorsal. Si la peau du patient est humide à cause de la transpiration, puis essuyez la peau.</li>
		<li>Effectuer les mesures dans une pièce calme avec une température ambiante stable.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Mettre les mains du participant à côté de leur corps pour s’assurer qu’il y a une surface lisse, non perturbée du signal ECG. Connectez jusqu'à 3 dérivations ECG moniteurs, placer trois électrodes (RA, LL, Louisiane) selon le schéma suivant (Figure 2). Remarque : L’utilisation d’électrodes jetables est recommandée. Les dérivations et les fils ne peuvent servir à d’autre ECG, matériel de dessin.</li>
	<li>Avoir le patient reste pendant au moins 5 minutes en décubitus dorsal. Puis mesurer la tension artérielle du patient avec un appareil semi-automatique oscillométrique. Remarque : La tension artérielle est mesurée selon les recommandations de l' European Society of Hypertension17.</li>
	<li>Avoir le patient reste pendant au moins 2 minutes. Remarque : La dilatation vasculaire périphérique causée par occlusion de l’artère, lors de la mesure de pression artérielle de l’artère brachiale va changer la transmission d’impulsions de l’artère brachiale. Au repos est indispensable pour éviter la déviation excessive.</li>
	<li>Alors que le participant se repose, entrez des informations détaillées du participant, y compris la pression artérielle en position couchée, la hauteur du corps, du poids et nom de l’utilisateur, dans le dispositif de mesure (Figure 3).</li>
	<li>Après avoir entré toutes les informations, garder les participants dans une position en décubitus dorsal.</li>
	<li>Manuellement, mesurer les paramètres suivants (mm) (Figure 3).<ol>
<li>Mesurer la distance entre le creux encoche (SSN) et le point de détection à distance (artère fémorale).</li>
		<li>Mesurer la distance entre l’encoche sternal et le point de détection proximale (artère carotide).</li>
		<li>Mesurez la distance entre le point de détection à distance (artère fémorale) jusqu’au point de détection (artère carotide) proximale (FC à distance).</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Choisissez le mode de la PWA. Entrez '0' distance SSN carotidiens et 0,8 * FC-distance distance SSN-fémorale. Si l’appareil n’accepte pas '0', mettre une autre valeur comme étant la distance de SSN carotidiens et ajouter cette valeur à la distance de cf 80 % comme SSN-fémorale distance5. Remarque : L’opérateur doit s’asseoir dans une position plus confortable.</li>
	<li>Appuyez sur la touche pour saisir les données. Mettre le tonomètre sur le point de fluctuation de l’artère radiale (1 à 2 cm au-dessus du processus styloïdes radial à un point où la fluctuation est solide et stable) pour mesurer la pression artérielle centrale.<ol>
<li>Maintenir la position le tonomètre afin d’obtenir une forme d’onde constante sur l’ordinateur. Une fois la qualité et la reproductibilité des mesures tonométriques atteignent la norme, l’enregistrement du signal est terminée automatiquement par l’ordinateur.</li>
		<li>Gardez le tonomètre à 90°.</li>
		<li>Pour éviter tout mouvement parasite, immobiliser le tonomètre près de la base avec les doigts, fixez solidement le tonomètre à la peau. Remarque : Le logiciel enregistre automatiquement les données dès que le tonomètre est mis en contact avec le site de mesure. La qualité et la reproductibilité des mesures tonométriques sont automatiquement testés. Un index de l’opérateur supérieur à 80 % est considéré comme une mesure fiable. Amplification de pression de pouls (PPA) est définie comme le rapport de pression du pouls périphérique-à-central et est calculée avec la formule, PPA = (brachiale SBP - brachiale DBP) / (central Centre-SBP DBP) -1. PWA peut être observé sur le périphérique18 (Figure 4).</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Choisissez le mode de VOP. Mettre le tonomètre sur le point de fluctuation de l’artère carotide. Maintenir la position le tonomètre afin d’obtenir une forme d’onde constante sur l’ordinateur. Après l’enregistrement d’une forme d’onde stable pendant 15-20 secondes. Une fois la qualité et la reproductibilité des mesures tonométriques atteint la finition standard, enregistrement manuellement (Figure 5).</li>
	<li>Mettre le tonomètre sur le point de fluctuation de l’artère fémorale (1-2 cm en dessous du point médian de l’arcade crurale à un point où la fluctuation est stable). Maintenir la position le tonomètre à enregistrer une forme d’onde régulière. Après avoir enregistré une onde stable pendant 15-20 secondes, terminer l’enregistrement manuellement une fois la qualité et la reproductibilité des mesures tonométriques atteint la norme. La valeur PWV peut être observée sur le dispositif des FC-PWV ≥ 10 m/s est considéré comme artériel des renforcements (Figure 5)1.</li>
</ol>

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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence,+Correlates,+and+Prognosis+of+Healthy+Vascular+Aging+in+a+Western+Community-Dwelling+Cohort:+The+Framingham+Heart+Study.">Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis of Healthy Vascular Aging in a Western Community-Dwelling Cohort: The Framingham Heart Study.</a> Hypertension. 70 (2), 267-274 (2017).</li><li>Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determinants+of+pulse+wave+velocity+in+healthy+people+and+in+the+presence+of+cardiovascular+risk+factors:+'establishing+normal+and+reference+values.">Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: 'establishing normal and reference values.</a> Eur Heart J. 31 (19), 2338-2350 (2010).</li><li>Van Bortel, L. 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Ici, nous démontrons une méthodologie largement accessible pour évaluer les participants roman préclinique vasculaire TOD, rigidité artérielle, évalué par cf-VOP. Pour comparer les PG avec des différences minimes hémodynamiques entre les mesures effectuées avant les appareils, seulement accepter des données lorsque la BP systolique et diastolique brachiale variait de moins de 3 mmHg. Cela réduit l’écart causé par une manipulation humaine. Dans le présent protocole, les étapes critiques doivent ont norm...

Raidissement artériel est un bon marqueur pour le vieillissement vasculaire évaluation1,2. La mesure de durcissement artériel est traditionnellement réalisée en utilisant une méthodologie de vélocité (PWV) onde pulse qui est une mesure importante et fiable de rigidité artérielle1,3,4,5. Plus précisément, PWV représente la rigidité d’un segment artériel spécifique. L’onde du pouls est transmis à travers les vaisseaux artériels dans un segment spécifique, et sa vitesse est inversement liée aux propriétés viscoélastiques de la paroi même6. PWV valeur augmente avec le durcissement artériel.
Carotide-fémorale PWV (cf-VOP) et brachial cheville VOP (ba-VOP) sont les 2 mesures PWV plus fréquemment appliquées. Ils sont largement utilisés en pratique clinique, où FC-PWV est populaire dans les pays occidentaux et ba-PWV est populaire dans les pays asiatiques. 7 , 8. en effet, cf-VOP a été considéré comme la mesure de le « étalon-or » de rigidité artérielle1. Pour cf-PWV, il est pris comme représentant de la PWV pour l’aorte ensemble. En outre, pour ba-PWV, il n’y a aucune vraie voie artérielle qui relie les stations de mesure (brachiales cheville). Le ba-PWV estimée représente le PWV sur l’ensemble du système artériel central et périphérique9. Une étude antérieure a signalé que des FC-PWV est supérieure à ba-VOP dans des associations avec les hypertendus asymptomatiques cible organe dommages (TSD)10 (Figure 1).
Dispositifs non invasifs pour raideur régional équipé d’un tonomètre spécifique sont plus en plus utilisés pour mesurer la rigidité de la carotide à segment fémoral1. Dans les mesures des FC-PWV, cet appareil et un ordinateur de poche tonomètre créent une forme d’onde constante sur l’ordinateur qui permet d’enregistrer des images de formes d’ondes numériques haute résolution et les valeurs spécifiques de VOP (Figure 2). Toutes ces mesures doivent être normalisés. Ici, nous montrons comment enregistrer une bonne qualité cf-VOP avec ce dispositif non invasif d’axée sur la tonométrie dans un contexte réel.
Certains établi des modèles de prédiction du risque cardio-vasculaire comme le score de risque de Framingham et les cartes de risque SCORE sont principalement calculés et triés par des facteurs de risque classiques11,12. Cependant, certains nouveaux biomarqueurs doivent être ajoutés dans le modèle d’évaluation des risques afin d’améliorer la stratification de risque13. En littérature, raidissement artérielle est considérée comme un état intermédiaire entre les facteurs de risque classiques et des événements cardiovasculaires cliniques14. Ainsi, l’ajout de FC-VOP dans le modèle d’évaluation des risques peut être un outil pour la stratification de risque15,16.
Ici, nous allons générer un plan de la méthodologie pour évaluer des FC-PWV des participants, ainsi que de la PWA, d’établir un protocole standard pour l’artère durcissant l’évaluation.

<table><tbody><tr><td>SphygmoCor tonometry-based device</td><td>AtCor Medical, Australia</td><td></td><td>For central blood pressures and cf-PWV</td></tr><tr><td>Electrodes</td><td>AtCor Medical, Australia</td><td></td><td>To record the ECG</td></tr><tr><td>Semiautomatic Oscillometric device</td><td>OMRON Healthcare, kyoto, Japan</td><td></td><td>To measure brachial BP</td></tr></tbody></table>

measuring the carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-pwv) to evaluate arterial stiffness

Pour les personnes âgées, raidissement artériel est un bon marqueur pour l’évaluation de vieillissement et il est recommandé que la rigidité artérielle déterminée non invasive par la mesure de la carotide à vitesse d’onde de pouls fémoral (cf-VOP) (classe I ; Niveau de preuve A). Dans la littérature, de nombreuses études communautaires ou des maladies spécifiques ont signalé que FC-PWV plus élevé est associé à un risque cardiovasculaire accru. Ici, nous discutons des stratégies pour évaluer la rigidité artérielle avec FC-VOP. Suite le bien définis étapes détaillées ici, par exemple, opérateur de la bonne position, mesure de distance et tonomètre position, nous obtenons une valeur standard cf-PWV afin d’évaluer la rigidité artérielle. Dans cet article, une méthode détaillée par étapes pour enregistrer une bonne qualité PWV et pulse wave analyse (PWA) en utilisant un appareil non invasif tonométrie est discuté.

FC-VOP (avec cette méthode) et ba-VOP (avec autre méthode10) ont été menées dans l’ensemble des participants de l’étude de Shanghai du Nord192098. Les cf-VOP et ba-PWV ont été utilisés dans le même modèle de régression logistique. Dans ce modèle, l’âge et le sexe ont été ajustés. Les résultats ont montré que seulement des FC-PWV, mais pas ba-PWV, était significativement associée de IMT accrue et la plaque artériel...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness at JoVE.com

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Ce protocole décrit une méthode afin de normaliser les mesures de vitesse d’onde de pouls carotidien-fémoral d’évaluer la rigidité artérielle.

Mesurer la carotide à vitesse d’onde de pouls fémoral (Cf-VOP) d’évaluer la rigidité artérielle

For the elderly, arterial stiffening is a good marker for aging evaluation and it is recommended that the arterial stiffness be determined noninvasively ...

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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

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17.3K vues.  Tongji University School of Medicine. Ce protocole décrit une méthode afin de normaliser les mesures de vitesse d’onde de pouls carotidien-fémoral d’évaluer la rigidité artérielle.

Vidéo: Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several techniques, including infusion of exogenous bacterial toxin (endotoxemia) or bacteria (bacteremia), as well as surgical perforation of the cecum by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)1-3. CLP allows bacteria spillage and fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity, mimicking the human clinical disease of perforated appendicitis or diverticulitis. The severity of sepsis, as reflected by the eventual mortality rates, can be controlled surgically by varying the size of the needle used for cecal puncture2. In animals, CLP induces similar, biphasic hemodynamic cardiovascular, metabolic, and immunological responses as observed during the clinical course of human sepsis3. Thus, the CLP model is considered as one of the most clinically relevant models for experimental sepsis1-3.
Various animal models have been used to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis. The lethal consequence of sepsis is attributable partly to an excessive accumulation of early cytokines (such as TNF, IL-1 and IFN-&gamma;)4-6 and late proinflammatory mediators (e.g., HMGB1)7. Compared with early proinflammatory cytokines, late-acting mediators have a wider therapeutic window for clinical applications. For instance, delayed administration of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies beginning 24 hours after CLP, still rescued mice from lethality8,9, establishing HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal sepsis. The discovery of HMGB1 as a late-acting mediator has initiated a new field of investigation for the development of sepsis therapies using Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. In this paper, we describe a procedure of CLP-induced sepsis, and its usage in screening herbal medicine for HMGB1-targeting therapies.

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, and can be simulated by a surgical technique termed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Here we describe a method to use CLP-induced animal model to screen medicinal herbs for therapeutic agents.

L&#39;utilisation de modèle animal de sepsis pour évaluer de nouvelles thérapies à base de plantes

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several ...

Recherche

Médecine

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

La mesure et le traitement de répression dans l&#39;amblyopie

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive methods1.&#160;Subjects are placed in the supine position and allowed to rest quietly for at least 10 min prior to the start of the exam. The proper cuff size is selected and a blood pressure is obtained using an oscillometric device. Once a resting blood pressure has been obtained, pressure waveforms are acquired from the right femoral and right common carotid arteries. The system then automatically calculates the pulse transit time between these two sites (using the carotid artery as a surrogate for the descending aorta). Body surface measurements are used to determine the distance traveled by the pulse wave between the two sampling sites. This distance is then divided by the pulse transit time resulting in the pulse wave velocity. The measurements are performed in triplicate and the average is used for analysis.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement assesses arterial stiffness by a tonometry-based system that measures the speed with which arterial pressure wave travels along the arterial tree, typically approximating the time that it takes this wave to travel from the descending aorta (using the carotid artery as a surrogate) to the femoral artery. Carotid-femoral PWV increases two- to threefold across the adult lifespan.

Vague d&#39;impulsion de tests de vitesse dans la Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the gold standard for measurements of central arterial stiffness obtained through noninvasive ...

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

L&#39;évaluation de la fonction vasculaire chez les patients atteints de maladie rénale chronique

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound and aortic blood pressure is measured invasively with a solid-state pressure catheter. Blood pressure is raised then lowered incrementally by intravenous infusion of vasoactive drugs phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Aortic diameter is measured for each pressure step to characterize the pressure-diameter relationship of the ascending aorta. Stiffness indices derived from the pressure-diameter relationship can be calculated from the data collected. Calculation of arterial compliance is described in this protocol.
This technique can be used to investigate mechanisms underlying increased aortic stiffness associated with cardiovascular disease and aging. The technique produces a physiologically relevant measure of stiffness compared to ex vivo approaches because physiological influences on aortic stiffness are incorporated in the measurement. The primary limitation of this technique is the measurement error introduced from the movement of the aorta during the cardiac cycle. This motion can be compensated by adjusting the location of the probe with the aortic movement as well as making multiple measurements of the aortic pressure-diameter relationship and expanding the experimental group size.

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

We describe a technique for measuring aortic stiffness from its pressure-diameter relationship in vivo in mice. Aortic diameter is recorded by ultrasound and aortic pressure is measured invasively with a solid-state pressure catheter. Blood pressure is changed incrementally and the resulting diameter is measured.

Mesure aortique ascendant Rigidité<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Chez la souris en utilisant des ultrasons

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound ...

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Damage to the endothelium may predispose the vessel to atherosclerosis and increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Assessments of peripheral endothelial function are good indicators of early abnormalities in the vascular wall and correlate well with assessments of coronary endothelial function. The present manuscript details the important methodological steps necessary for the assessment of microvascular endothelial function using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, large vessel endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid atherosclerosis using carotid artery ultrasound. A discussion on the methodological considerations for each of the techniques is also presented, and recommendations are made for future research.

The present article describes the methodological considerations for several non-invasive assessments of vascular function and morphology that are commonly used in medical research to assess different stages of atherosclerosis.

Une approche méthodologique pour les évaluations non invasifs de la fonction vasculaire et de morphologie

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.  Damage to the endothelium may ...

Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice

Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This parameter is being increasingly investigated in small rodent models in which it is used for assessing alterations in vascular function related to particular genotypes/treatments or for characterizing cardiovascular disease progression. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm which leads to non-invasive arterial PWV measurement in mice using ultrasound (US) images only. The proposed technique has been used to assess abdominal aorta PWV in mice and evaluate its age-associated changes.
Abdominal aorta US scans are obtained from mice under gaseous anesthesia using a specific US device equipped with high-frequency US probes. B-mode and Pulse-Wave Doppler (PW-Doppler) images are analyzed in order to obtain diameter and mean velocity instantaneous values, respectively. For this purpose, edge detection and contour tracking techniques are employed. The single-beat mean diameter and velocity waveforms are time aligned and combined in order to achieve the diameter-velocity (lnD-V) loop. PWV values are obtained from the slope of the linear part of the loop, which corresponds to the early systolic phase.
With the present approach, anatomical and functional information about the mouse abdominal aorta can be non-invasively achieved. Requiring the processing of US images only, it may represent a useful tool for the non-invasive characterization of different arterial sites in the mouse in terms of elastic properties. The application of the present technique can be easily extended to other vascular districts, such as the carotid artery, thus providing the possibility to obtain a multi-site arterial stiffness assessment.

Arterial stiffness represents a key factor in cardiovascular disease and pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be considered as a surrogate index for arterial stiffness. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm for calculating PWV in mice based on ultrasound image processing that is applicable at different arterial sites.

Ultrasound-basé onde de pouls d&#39;évaluation Velocity chez la souris

Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This ...

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular disease and a hallmark of aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile analytical tool for characterizing viscoelastic mechanical properties for a variety of materials ranging from hard (plastic, glass, metal, etc.) surfaces to cells on any substrate. It has been widely used to measure the stiffness of cells, but less frequently used to measure the stiffness of aortas. In this paper, we will describe the procedures for using AFM in contact mode to measure the ex vivo elastic modulus of unloaded mouse arteries. We describe our procedure for isolation of mouse aortas, and then provide detailed information for the AFM analysis. This includes step-by-step instructions for alignment of the laser beam, calibration of the spring constant and deflection sensitivity of the AFM probe, and acquisition of force curves. We also provide a detailed protocol for data analysis of the force curves.

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

We present detailed protocols for isolation of aortas from mouse and measurement of their elastic modulus using atomic force microscopy.

Mesure de la rigidité de<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Souris aortes Utiliser Atomic Force Microscopy

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular disease and a hallmark of aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a ...

Biologie

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Utilisation de la rigidité artérielle et de la fonction endothéliale pour l’évaluation cardiovasculaire

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are established methods used in research and clinical settings to assess arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and subclinical atherogenesis. These measurements may reflect vascular disease and atherosclerotic progression, which are major causes of adverse cardiovascular events. These methods are particularly valuable in determining cardiovascular dysfunction among populations with different risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other metabolic dysfunction-related conditions. They provide a non-invasive and reliable source of information that complements clinical practice. Early detection, risk assessment, and therapeutic decisions regarding cardiovascular disease can be achieved, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes. Traditional tools for evaluating cardiovascular disease do not reveal whether metabolic syndrome affects early subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with obesity. Recent research has highlighted the importance of including arterial stiffness and endothelial function in a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to describe methods that provide information on early subclinical vascular aging, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenic disease, enabling vascular-targeted risk stratification among populations with obesity and different metabolic profiles.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Évaluation du profil cardiovasculaire des patients atteints du syndrome métabolique

Endothelial/vascular aging and atherogenesis are key mechanisms that promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present protocol describes methods to evaluate arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis in patients with related risk factors, which are highly valuable in the cardiovascular research field.

Vitesse de l’onde de pouls, dilatation médiée par le flux et épaisseur de l’intima-média carotidien pour évaluer le risque cardiovasculaire dans la population atteinte du syndrome métabolique

Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are established methods used in research and clinical ...

Mesurer la carotide à vitesse d’onde de pouls fémoral (Cf-VOP) d’évaluer la rigidité artérielle

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Chapitres dans cette vidéo

L'utilisation de modèle animal de sepsis pour évaluer de nouvelles thérapies à base de plantes

La mesure et le traitement de répression dans l'amblyopie

Vague d'impulsion de tests de vitesse dans la Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

L'évaluation de la fonction vasculaire chez les patients atteints de maladie rénale chronique

Mesure aortique ascendant Rigidité

Une approche méthodologique pour les évaluations non invasifs de la fonction vasculaire et de morphologie

Ultrasound-basé onde de pouls d'évaluation Velocity chez la souris

Mesure de la rigidité de

Vitesse de l’onde de pouls, dilatation médiée par le flux et épaisseur de l’intima-média carotidien pour évaluer le risque cardiovasculaire dans la population atteinte du syndrome métabolique

Vitesse de l’onde de pouls, dilatation médiée par le flux et épaisseur de l’intima-média carotidien pour évaluer le risque cardiovasculaire dans la population atteinte du syndrome métabolique