清洁发展机制是由美国外科学院（ACS）驻地研究奖学金支持。 MSH是由加州再生医学研究所（CIRM）临床研究员培训资助TG2-01159支持。 MSH，HPL和MTL由颌面外科医生协会（ASMS）/颌面外科基金会（MSF）研究基金奖的支持。 HPL是由美国国立卫生研究院资助R01 GM087609和英格丽·莱和比尔在蜀蜀安东尼纪念礼品支持。 HPL和MTL是由Hagey实验室小儿再生医学和橡树基金会的支持。 MTL由耿氏/奥利维尔基金的支持。

下面的协议已被批准斯坦福大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）和关于使用研究动物的所有机构的道德准则。 1.腹腔粘连的创建<ol><li>开始在手术前一周抗生素食物饮食鼠标。 </li><li>高压灭菌的手术器械和预温的生理盐水冲洗液。 </li><li>麻醉，用2％异氟醚吸入鼠标。 </li><li>用理发推子随后又迅速应用 - 脱毛剂（5 10秒），从多数腹部的表面的除去毛。彻底用湿纱布和任选轻轻擦拭，通过鼠标的下半部小心扣篮入温水移除脱毛剂。彻底干燥的动物。 </li><li>放置在动物的鼻子到麻醉鼻锥。整个手术过程中，精心控制R根据需要的动物espiratory率和滴定麻醉流速。 </li><li>使用的加热装置，如加热垫或变暖灯，防止体温过低。 </li><li>前预备腹部，确保与置于上方和下方的腹部，以防止小鼠从手术过程中移胶带条鼠标。消毒用优碘腹部，然后用70％乙醇跟随。包括在制备尽可能多区域成为可能，包括在剃区域边缘的头发。将在鼠标无菌的悬垂性。 （ 图1） </li><li>注入皮下0.1毫克/公斤丁丙诺啡，或3微克的30 G鼠标。 </li><li>使皮肤切口。 <ol><li>在下腹正中开始，抓住用钳子皮肤，使用锋利的剪刀皮肤浅垂直切割。 </li><li>优携带切割与剪刀xyphoid。小心只输入皮肤。 </li></ol></li><li>由于腹部肌肉为n可见流覆盖内脏，把握肌肉的中线钳和非常仔细地用锋利的剪刀做一个小切口进去。确保不要意外切割成腹腔脏器。 </li><li>进入一个小切口腹膜空间，看到肌层从腹部器官抽离后，插入剪刀插进开两个方向仔细切割优和inferiorly扩展晋级。从xyphoid优至膀胱上述inferiorly延长切口。 （ 图2） </li><li>现在肠子暴露，找到盲肠，轻轻exteriorize它。避免用手抓或齿锋利的钳盲肠。相反，使用无创钳如斜角肌挤压锯齿钳。 </li><li>研磨砂纸盲肠。 <ol><li>轻轻研磨带100砂纸30盲肠的两侧的整个表面 - 60秒，直到表面变得较少光泽和瘀斑APPEAr处的表面上。如果外科医生为右旋，它有助于定向与面向右前端的盲肠和覆盖在外科医生的左手食指的盲肠。 （ 图3） </li><li>轻轻进行打磨，因为它很容易不小心引起​​薄盲肠壁的穿孔。作为砂纸沿盲肠表面移动应感到砂砾少量。如果砂纸感到反复迎头赶上盲肠，这将有可能导致盲肠壁撕裂。仔细观察，确保砂纸颗粒不打跑，并保持在腹部，因为这可能导致过多的异物反应。 </li><li>如果在盲肠壁的撕裂发生时，终止该程序和安乐死的动物。 </li><li>如果盲肠血管被砂纸剪切和出血引起，保持长达两分钟用纱布压力。但是，如果在此时间后出血仍然存在，周围放置了一个数字8字形7-0单丝缝合点出血。这将可靠止血在几乎所有情况。请注意，不要大量盲肠壁纳入缝合，因为这样的风险导致墙体的部分涉及坏死。 </li></ol></li><li>伤及右腹部侧壁上。 <ol><li>用砂纸的条带以研磨右侧腹侧壁的肌肉的腹膜表面。更积极与砂光这里比在盲肠和继续下去，直到右腹部侧壁的整个表面上出现粗暴对待。避免打磨这么辛苦，皮肤穿过肌层开口可见。 （ 图4） </li><li>使用卡斯特罗Viejo的针驱动，放置2到4数字8字形4-0丝线缝合到右腹部壁肌层。留下约5毫米长的尾巴。请注意，不要一不小心赶上肠壁进入缝合。 （ 图5） </li></ol></li><li>用10毫升注射器填充W¯¯第i个温暖的盐水，灌溉肠子几次。直接盐水流进腹腔灌溉内饰，以及。如果鼠标下方的表面被浸泡，用移动鼠标或更换的表面上，以避免低温。 </li><li>使用放置在切口无菌纱布，以吸收多余灌溉。 </li><li>以淀粉少许洒到右腹部侧壁的表面到盲肠的两侧。 （ 图6） </li><li>确保没有活动性出血。如果有，用纱布海绵，直到它停止直接施加压力到出血点。如果出血不容易停止，如上所述放置止血缝合。 </li><li>使用镊子和手指的钝端，轻轻推回肠道进入腹腔。盲肠，以便最大限度地粘连形成旁在右侧腹侧壁缝线定位。 </li><li> C失去腹部切口。 <ol><li>使用6-0吸收编织缝线，放置一个运行缝入肌层在切口的顶部。 </li><li>运行缝合向下朝向切口的底部，汇集肌层。约3毫米的行程，并采取3毫米咬伤每个新针。小心不要意外地采取肠咬，同时将缝线。 </li><li>在切口的底部，从上留下咬缝线的循环，并用这个仪器扳平缝合。切割缝线留下5毫米尾巴。 </li><li>重复用6-0尼龙单丝缝合上述三个步骤关闭皮肤。 </li></ol></li><li>辖20毫升/公斤皮下注射生理盐水丸（约0.5毫升为30 G鼠标）。 </li><li>用干纱布，彻底干燥整个动物，如背皮毛往往灌溉过程中被淋湿。 </li><li>松散包装粘合剂在腹部敷料覆盖切口。注意不要来约束一个nimal的腿或换药呼吸力学。 </li><li>仔细监测动物，因为它从麻醉中恢复。辖丁丙诺啡2-3天，每12小时控制疼痛手术后。 </li></ol> 2.收获组织粘连<ol><li>初次手术后至少要等七天。再次，高压灭菌器的外科器械和用异氟烷麻醉小鼠。 </li><li>消毒用优碘，随后用70％乙醇的腹部。剃并从腹部，以使得包含皮肤的粘附标本将不会在头发所覆盖，这使得组织学更加困难的右侧脱毛附加毛发。 </li><li>使用左正中切口，因为肠道是经常粘在原切口。在腹部的下端开始，约5mm到原始切口的底部的左侧，掌握与小齿镊皮肤切成用锋利的剪刀皮肤。扩展这个优越的切LY到胸腔。 （ 图7） </li><li>用剪刀切成肌层和进入腹膜空间后，延长切到切口的顶部和底部。会有粘合剂组织造成盲肠和小肠粘附到腹部的右侧壁并且还可能对原始切口。 （ 图8） </li><li>使用剪刀和开始在切口的边缘，盲肠的水平以上，开始切割入腹壁中周围，其中肠是附着的区域的圆。 </li><li>上面交替和下面的盲肠的水平，逐渐切断周围的粘附一路并完成一圈，产生一个皮肤和腹壁粘附到肠的"岛"。 （ 图9） </li><li>再次使用剪刀，切成肠和粘附部分从肠的剩余部分分离，得到组织的夹层，由皮肤和腹壁的在一侧，在另一侧的肠，和粘合剂组织连接在两者之间。 （ 图10） </li><li>或者，使用尖头剪刀大幅皮肤从腹壁肌肉分开。用于组织学考虑离开附着在皮肤，但对于消化和细胞分离的皮肤可以被删除。如果组织将用于组织学，请务必取出尽可能多的缝合材料尽量不用过分干扰粘接界面。消化和细胞分离是可以接受离开缝合到位只要组织消化液过滤。 </li><li>切除粘连组织后，使用您的机构使用动物委员会批准了人性化的方法安乐死鼠标。 </li></ol>

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作者宣称，他们没有竞争的经济利益。

在此过程中的关键步骤是:彻底研磨盲肠，而不会造成穿孔，将缝合在腹侧壁，和施加的淀粉适量。仅应用砂纸盲肠，或肠的小特定部分。在大量小肠广泛使用砂纸往往会造成显著肠梗阻。小心磨损以足够的力量盲肠，表面变得粗糙，但没有这么多，墙壁眼泪。找到这种平衡可能需要一些时间。始终谨慎操作肠道，避免使用尖锐或齿镊操纵排便。这是很容易造成意外通过抓住用钳子小肠系膜或通过...

腹腔粘连是疤痕组织的一种形式，在腹部形成响应于炎症，典型地在手术或腹腔内感染。粘连是慢性腹痛和不孕的重要原因，并且是小肠梗阻1的最常见的原因。粘连的存在使得执行第二腹部手术更加困难并增加了并发症2的可能性。 尽管经过多年的研究，粘连形成的基本机制仍然知之甚少。众所周知，最初的损伤腹膜表面导致富含纤维蛋白的流体，然后形成能结合肠和腹壁一起3的表面的凝块的渗出。后，成纤维细胞和其他细胞迁移到粘合剂空间和分泌结缔组织4。在几个月到几年的粘附成熟通过开发血管和神经<suP&gt; 5。 几个商业产品存在被设计为减少腹部手术（ 例如 ，Seprafilm）后粘连的形成。所有这些产品作为机械屏障并通过防止肠的循环和腹壁6,7-之间的物理接触停止粘连形成。尽管从对照试验手术防粘连减少粘连8形成的证据，许多外科医生有传言称已经失望的机械屏障产品的功效。 目前，还没有基于药物的抗粘附治疗的，这反映了一个事实，即参与粘连形成的精确过程知之甚少。开发特异性靶向参与形成粘连将要求所涉及的粘接的形成的事件的改进的理解细胞或分子试剂的疗法。几组■找识别分子途径可能对粘连形成9-11重要。动物模型为研究形成粘连提供一个极好的环境。许多研究已经发表描述几个动物，特别是大鼠，小鼠6,12-14手术创建粘连。鉴于我们的经验，在鼠标和转基因小鼠和基于鼠标的抗体的广泛应用研究纤维化，我们选择了鼠标作为我们粘连的研究模型。在此，我们报告，我们已经开发了可重复和可靠地创建小鼠腹腔粘连的技术。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Fisherbrand Absorbent Underpads, 20&quot; x 24&quot;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>14-206-62</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polylined Sterile Field, 18&quot; x 24&quot;</td><td>Busse Hospital Disposables</td><td>696</td><td>Cut a rectangular hole of the appropriate size</td></tr><tr><td>Isothesia isoflurane</td><td>Henry Schein&amp;nbsp;</td><td>050033</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fisherbrand Sterile cotton gauze pad, 4&quot; x 4&quot;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>22-415-469</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Puralube petrolatum ophthalmic ointment, 1/8 oz. tube</td><td>Dechra Veterinary Products</td><td>NDC 17033-211-38</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nair depilatory cream</td><td>Church &amp;amp; Dwight Co.</td><td>22339-05</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenex buprenorphine&amp;nbsp; 0.3 mg/ml</td><td>Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc.</td><td>NDC 12496-0757-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 cc insulin syringe, 27&amp;nbsp;G</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>329412</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Povidone Iodine Prep Solution</td><td>Medline</td><td>MDS093944H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Webcol alcohol prep swabs</td><td>Covidien</td><td>6818</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>General-Purpose Labarotory Labeling tape</td><td>VWR</td><td>89097-912</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BioGel PI surgical gloves</td><td>M&amp;ouml;lnlycke Health Care</td><td>ALA42675Z</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Forceps with teeth</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5150</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine scissors- sharp</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14060-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight serrated forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11050-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Castro-Viejo needle driver</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>12565-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 grit 1/4 sheet sandpaper</td><td>ACE Hardware</td><td>1010446</td><td>Cut into strips</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 silk suture, 30&quot;, SH needle</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>K831</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7-0 PDS II absorbable monofilament suture, 30&quot;, BV-1 needle</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>Z135</td><td>Usually comes double-armed. Cut the suture at the midway point to generate two usable sutures.</td></tr><tr><td>Rice starch</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>102955</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.9% Sodium Chloride Irrigation</td><td>Baxter</td><td>BHL2F7121</td><td>Warm to 37 &amp;deg;C prior to use</td></tr><tr><td>10 ml syringe</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>309604</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 Vicryl absorbable braided suture, 18&quot;, RB-1 taper needle</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>J212H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 Ethilon nylon monofilament&amp;nbsp; suture, 18&quot;, P-3 needle,&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>1698G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tegaderm Transparent Film Dressing Frame Style, 6 cm x 7 cm</td><td>3M</td><td>1624W</td><td>Cut in half lengthwise</td></tr></tbody></table>

creation of abdominal adhesions in mice

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or intraabdominal infection. The precise mechanisms underlying adhesion formation are poorly understood. Many compounds and physical barriers have been tested for their ability to prevent adhesions after surgery with varying levels of success. The mouse and rat are important models for the study of abdominal adhesions. Several different techniques for the creation of adhesions in the mouse and rat exist in the literature. Here we describe a protocol utilizing abrasion of the cecum with sandpaper and sutures placed in the right abdominal sidewall. The mouse is anesthetized and the abdomen is prepped. A midline laparotomy is created and the cecum is identified. Sandpaper is used to gently abrade the surface of the cecum. Next, several figure-of-eight sutures are placed into the peritoneum of the right abdominal sidewall. The abdominal cavity is irrigated, a small amount of starch is applied, and the incision is closed. We have found that this technique produces the most consistent adhesions with the lowest mortality rate.

<html>在手术中，盲肠和可能升结肠，肝和小肠的环路七天后应粘着在右路腹壁。 （ 图8）切除的组织可被嵌入并切片和将产生极好的组织学载玻片。 （ 图11，12） 当被正确执行的程序，将小鼠的100％应该7天时都具有相当的粘连。死亡率应小于5％。 <img alt=...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice at JoVE.com

Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice

Abdominal adhesions that form after surgery are a major cause of pain, infertility, and hospitalization and reoperation for small bowel obstruction. Our surgical procedure for creating abdominal adhesions in mice is a reliable tool to study the mechanisms underlying the formation of adhesions.

小鼠腹腔粘连的创建

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or ...

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.6K 次观看.  Stanford University School of Medicine. Abdominal adhesions that form after surgery are a major cause of pain, infertility, and hospitalization and reoperation for small bowel obstruction. Our surgical procedure for creating abdominal adhesions in mice is a reliable tool to study the mechanisms underlying the formation of adhesions.

视频: Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice

Creation of Murine Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Elastase 

Transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta is the most widely used animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ever since it was first described in rats by Anidjar and colleagues.1 The rationale for its development was based on the disrupted nature of elastin observed in AAAs. This rat model has been modified to produce AAAs in the infrarenal aortic region of mice.2 The model has the ability to add broad insight into the pathobiology of AAA due to the emergence of numerous transgenic and gene knockout mice. Moreover, it is a viable platform to test potential therapeutic agents for AAA. In this video, we demonstrate the elastase infusion AAA procedure used in our laboratory. 
Mice are anesthetized using 2.5% isoflurane, and a laparotomy is performed under sterile conditions. The abdominal aortais isolated with the assistance of an operating stereomicroscope (Leica). After placing temporary ligatures around the proximal and distal aorta, an aortotomy is created at the bifurcation with the tip of a 30-gauge needle. A heat-tapered segment of PE-10 polyethylene tubing is introduced through the aortotomy and secured. The aortic lumen is subsequently perfused for 5-15 minutes at 100 mm Hg with saline containing type I porcine pancreatic elastase (4.5 U/mL; Sigma Chemical Co.). After removing the perfusion catheter, the aortotomy is repaired without constriction of the lumen.

Creation of Murine Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Elastase

This video shows how to induce abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in mice via transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. The model has the ability to add broad insight into the pathobiology of AAA due to the emergence of numerous transgenic and gene knockout mice.

创建小鼠实验与弹性蛋白酶的腹主动脉瘤

Transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta is the most widely used animal model of ...

科研

生物学

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

In most vertebrates, the liver produces bile that is necessary to emulsify absorbed fats and enable the digestion of lipids in the small intestine as well as to excrete bilirubin and other metabolic products. In the liver, the experimental obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary system initiates a complex cascade of pathological events that leads to cholestasis and inflammation resulting in a strong fibrotic reaction originating from the periportal fields. Therefore, surgical ligation of the common bile duct has become the most commonly used model to induce obstructive cholestatic injury in rodents and to study the molecular and cellular events that underlie these pathophysiological mechanisms induced by inappropriate bile flow. In recent years, different surgical techniques have been described that either allow reconnection or reanastomosis after bile duct ligation (BDL), e.g., partial BDL, or other microsurgical methods for specific research questions. However, the most frequently used model is the complete obstruction of the common bile duct that induces a strong fibrotic response after 21 to 28 days. The mortality rate can be high due to infectious complications or technical inaccuracies. Here we provide a detailed surgical procedure for the BDL model in mice that induce a highly reproducible fibrotic response in accordance to the 3R rule for animal welfare postulated by Russel and Burch in 1959.

Disruption of bile flow results in severe inflammatory cholestatic liver injury with a characteristic time-dependent sequence of morphological alterations. Here we present a protocol for the surgical ligation of the common bile duct in mice that allows to induce a strong fibrotic response after 21 to 28 days.

胆管结扎小鼠:感应炎性肝损伤和纤维化的阻塞性胆汁淤积

In most vertebrates, the liver produces bile that is necessary to emulsify absorbed fats and enable the digestion of lipids in the small intestine as well ...

医学

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine balloon denudation model, which is comparable with established vessel injury models in large animals. The aorta denudation model with balloon catheters mimics the clinical setting and leads to comparable pathobiological and physiological changes. Briefly, after performing a horizontal incision in the aorta abdominalis, a balloon catheter will be inserted into the vessel, inflated, and introduced retrogradely. Inflation of the balloon will lead to intima injury and overdistension of the vessel. After removing the catheter, the aortic incision will be closed with single stiches. The model shown in this article is reproducible, easy to perform, and can be established quickly and reliably. It is especially suitable for evaluating expensive experimental therapeutic agents, which can be applied in an economical fashion. By using different knockout-mouse strains, the impact of different genes on MH development can be assessed.

This article demonstrates a murine model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia (MH) after aortic balloon injury.

球囊损伤诱发小鼠腹主动脉 Myointimal 增生的研究

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of colonic surgeries and can occur in up to 26% of surgical anastomoses, with mortality being up to 39% for patients with such a leak. Currently, there remains a paucity of data detailing the cellular mechanisms of anastomotic healing. Devising preventative strategies and treatment modalities for anastomotic leak could be greatly potentiated by a better understanding of appropriate anastomotic healing.
A murine model is ideal as previous studies have shown that the murine anastomosis is the most clinically similar to the human case as compared with other animal models. We offer an easily reproducible murine model of colonic anastomosis in mice that will allow for further illustration of anastomotic healing.

Anastomotic leak or breakdown after surgery is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Our surgery for creating a colonic anastomosis is a reliable and reproducible method for studying the healing mechanisms of anastomoses.

小鼠结肠吻合术的建立

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of ...

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

The human appendix has been recently implicated to play important biological roles in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and Parkinson&#8217;s disease. To study the function of the appendix, a gut disease-associated murine appendectomy model has been established and its step-by-step protocol is described here. This report introduces a facile protocol for caecal patch removal in mice followed by the chemical induction of chronic colitis-associated colorectal cancer using a combination of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM). IgA specific cells and IgA concentration were significantly reduced upon removal of the caecal patch in male C57BL/6 mice&#160;compared to those in the sham group. Simultaneously administering 2% DSS and AOM resulted in nearly 80% mice survival in both sham and appendectomy groups without significant body weight loss. Histological results confirmed colonic inflammation and different degrees of adenocarcinoma. This model can be used for the study of the functional role of the appendix in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis and pathogenesis of gut colitis and malignancies, as well as for the potential development of drug targeting therapies.

The presented protocol describes a facile surgical removal of the appendix (caecal patch) in a mouse followed by the induction of inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. This murine appendectomy model enables investigation of the biological role of the appendix in the pathogenesis of human gastrointestinal disease.

慢性结肠炎相关结肠直肠癌的肿瘤切除术模型，通过卡卡贴片的精确定位

The human appendix has been recently implicated to play important biological roles in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, such as colorectal ...

Establishing In Situ Closed Circuit Perfusion of Lower Abdominal Organs and Hind Limbs in Mice

Ex vivo perfusion is an important physiological tool to study the function of isolated organs (e.g. liver, kidneys). At the same time, due to the small size of mouse organs, ex vivo perfusion of bone, bladder, skin, prostate, and reproductive organs is challenging or not feasible. Here, we report for the first time an in situ lower body perfusion circuit in mice that includes the above tissues, but bypasses the main clearance organs (kidney, liver, and spleen). The circuit is established by cannulating the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava above the iliac artery and vein and cauterizing peripheral blood vessels. Perfusion is performed via a peristaltic pump with perfusate flow maintained for up to 2 h. In situ staining with fluorescent lectin and Hoechst solution confirmed that the microvasculature was successfully perfused. This mouse model can be a very useful tool for studying pathological processes as well as mechanisms of drug delivery, migration/metastasis of circulating tumor cells into/from the tumor, and interactions of immune system with perfused organs and tissues.

A protocol is described for in situ perfusion of the mouse lower body, including the bladder, the prostate, sex organs, bone, muscle and foot skin.

在小鼠中建立下腹部器官和后肢的原点闭路灌注

Ex vivo perfusion is an important physiological tool to study the function of isolated organs (e.g. liver, kidneys). At the same time, due to the small ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>通过肠道作研究术后肠梗阻的小鼠模型

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI is a consequence of mechanical damage during surgery, resulting in disruption of motility in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms of POI are related to aberrant neuronal sensitivity, impaired epithelial barrier function, and increased local inflammation. However, the details remain enigmatic. Therefore, experimental murine models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology and mechanism of POI injury and for the development of novel therapies.
Here, we introduce a murine model of POI generated via intestinal manipulation (IM) that is similar to clinical surgery; this is achieved by mechanical damage to the small intestine by massaging the abdomen 1-3 times with a cotton swab. IM delayed gastrointestinal transit 24 h after surgery, as assessed by FITC-dextran gavage and fluorescence detection of the segmental digestive tract. Moreover, tissue swelling of the submucosa and immune cell infiltration were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and flow cytometry. Proper pressure of the IM and a hyperemic effect on the intestine are critical for the procedure. This murine model of POI can be utilized to study the mechanisms of intestinal damage and recovery after abdominal surgery.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>术后肠梗阻鼠模型

We describe a murine model of postoperative ileus generated via intestinal manipulation. Gastrointestinal transit function, pathologic changes, and immune cell activation were assessed 24 h after surgery.

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI ...

免疫与感染

Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis

In rodents, complete bile duct ligation (cBDL) of the common bile duct is an established surgical technique for studying obstructive cholestasis and bile duct proliferation. However, long-term experiments can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. In select mouse strains with underlying liver disease, meaningful comparisons can be made even with ligation of a single lobe of the liver, which can reduce animal losses and expenses. Here, we describe partial bile duct ligation (pBDL) in the mouse, in which only the left hepatic bile duct is ligated, causing biliary obstruction in the left lobe but not the remaining lobes. With careful microsurgical technique, pBDL experiments can be cost-effective, since the unligated lobe serves as an internal control to the ligated lobes, when subjected to the same conditions in the same animal. Unlike cBDL, a separate sham-operated control group is not necessary. pBDL is highly useful to directly compare localized versus systemic effects of cholestasis and other retained bile components. pBDL can also be repurposed as a novel method to investigate mechanisms related to medications and cell migration.

Here, we present partial bile duct ligation as a surgical model of liver injury and regeneration in rodents.

小鼠部分胆管结扎术: 局部梗阻性胆汁淤积症的对照模型

In rodents, complete bile duct ligation (cBDL) of the common bile duct is an established surgical technique for studying obstructive cholestasis and bile ...

小鼠腹腔粘连的创建

摘要

探索更多视频

创建小鼠实验与弹性蛋白酶的腹主动脉瘤

胆管结扎小鼠:感应炎性肝损伤和纤维化的阻塞性胆汁淤积

球囊损伤诱发小鼠腹主动脉 Myointimal 增生的研究

小鼠结肠吻合术的建立

慢性结肠炎相关结肠直肠癌的肿瘤切除术模型，通过卡卡贴片的精确定位

在小鼠中建立下腹部器官和后肢的原点闭路灌注

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

小鼠部分胆管结扎术: 局部梗阻性胆汁淤积症的对照模型