我们要感谢Rossant博士和碧萝博士在图1-3中描述的实验中使用的Nkx2-1 mcherry ESC。 FACS是在病童医院，UHN流式细胞仪进行融资。这项工作是由操作从加拿大卫生研究院的研究，并从创新的加拿大基金会的资助基础设施（CSCCD）资助。

动物实验按照医院的病童研究院动物护理委员会准则进行。 1.脚手架准备<ol><li>肺脱细胞<ol><li>使用二氧化碳安乐死室成年Wistar大鼠。放置动物在腔室，并以每分钟室体积10-30％的填充率开始100％的CO 2的曝光。 <ol><li>观察动物的意识障碍;在此之后大约2-3分钟会发生。如果神志不清不这段时间内发生，检查填充率和腔密封。以下失去知觉，对于褪眼睛颜色和缺乏呼吸的观察动物。如果两者都观察到，保持二氧化碳灌装1-2分钟，然后从室取出的动物的过程。 </li></ol></li><li>动物安全通过固定前爪和后腿解剖面，向下喷射的胸部和腹部地区用70％乙醇。进入心脏和鲁通过沿胸骨纵切口打开胸腔NGS。 </li><li>通过隔膜使小切口首先以引起肺缩回，减少穿刺肺的机会。结扎与缝合下腔静脉，并将在左心房小切口小解剖剪刀。 </li><li>使用准备好的10毫升注射器填充有肝素Hank氏平衡盐溶液（HBSS）（10U / ml肝素在HBSS）将25g针，通过将针插入右心室通过肺循环推缓冲器开始肺灌注（速率为2毫升/分钟）。直到肺部变为白色，并从左心房流动的流体运行明确继续此过程。 </li><li>灌注之后，暴露气管导管插入接近甲状软骨的塑料导管和到位用缝线固定。 </li><li>安装设定10毫升注射器固定在铁架台和夹子重力灌注系统。删除和Discard注射器推杆。安全注射器针筒的最大充装点在20厘米以上的肺。附加一个双向活塞在注射器的端部，和一个长塑料管向活栓递送脱细胞溶液到插管气管的另一端。倾溶液注入注射器中，并允许溶液以填充所连的塑料管和导管。 <ol><li>通过填充到肺总容量（约12毫升），持续1分钟灌洗肺和从气管去除塑料导管，以允许流体流出肺的。灌洗肺部时保持低于20厘米H 2 O.压力不填注射器超过10毫升</li></ol></li><li>肺部八次与脱细胞溶液的重复灌洗，然后用10漂洗用磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）。 </li><li>解剖气管和肺部从颈部和胸腔游离并从动物取出。保持组织在冷PBS在4℃下直到用于vibratome本身制备ctioning。 </li></ol></li><li>厚款代<ol><li>制备约15毫升的2％和4％（重量/体积）琼脂糖，和足够6％（重量/体积）琼脂糖嵌入所有裂片成小的矩形块。通过微波溶解在PBS低熔点琼脂糖粉末。转移琼脂糖到50毫升管的热块上，并维持在40℃以上的温度，以避免凝胶。 </li><li>在每个叶支气管分离用小剪刀每叶（颅，中间，附件，和尾部右边叶和左叶）的端部解剖脱细胞肺癌。专利使用吸收性片材以除去过量的PBS中，并放置内2％干每个叶（重量/体积）琼脂糖而加热块上。 </li><li>在琼脂糖5分钟涂布后除去每个叶，放置在培养皿中并允许表面胶凝1分钟上的冷板。 </li><li>轻轻地放在裂片放回4％（重量/体积）琼脂糖，凉5分钟后，用6％（重量/体积）琼脂糖再次重复涂布。 </li><li>经过连续合作每个叶的阿婷，使用金属基体材料的模具周围从边缘的组织的琼脂糖至少3mm分别嵌入各叶6％（重量/体积）琼脂糖。东方每个叶使用镊子通过在面对实验者金属模具的表面定位瓣最大平坦的边缘。该边缘将是固定在试样板上vibratome切片的一侧。 </li><li>允许块在冷板与vibratome切片之前胶凝至少30分钟。在4℃下在高达12小时的加湿室商店块vibratome切片之前。 </li><li>设置的vibratome用冷PBS 12填充切片室。保持整个与周围的冰浴切片冷温度。从金属模具中取出的块，并使用刀片修剪下来过量琼脂糖周边波瓣，而从组织的边缘保持约3毫米。 </li><li>使用黏合剂固定组织，以试样板中心，淹没板入T他PBS填充切片室。设置通过选择分别以下速度，幅度和厚度值切片上vibratome边界0.2毫米/秒，1.85毫米，350微米。 注意:叶取向的两个纵向和横向部分是可以接受的。 </li><li>每节完全叶。手动切割部免费使用小剪刀，如果一个部分没有完全由叶片在段序列的末端分离。轻轻收集支架部分，并保持在PBS在冰上，直到下一个步骤。 注意:产生部分将包括在近端和远端肺领域和可用于recellularization两个来源;然而，大部分的表面的将包括远端肺。 </li></ol></li><li>支架部分去污<ol><li>从转移的PBS 350微米厚的支架部分，以离心管（最多30段/管）和核酸治疗（PBS中90 U / ml）的（见材料清单）12 - 在室温24小时，上一个旋转器。 </li><li>以下核酸酶处理，用钳子向新的离心管中，并在无菌条件下的抗微生物溶液（200U / ml青霉素链霉素和25微克/毫升两性霉素B的PBS）6小时在RT，在旋转器上对待转印部。 注意:支架可以在使用前被储存在抗微生物溶液在4℃最多一周℃。 </li><li>在与抗菌液去污一步，冲洗支架用PBS两次无菌条件下并转移到无血清分化培养基（SFDM）与细胞接种前。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2，内胚细胞的制备<ol><li>定型内胚层诱导<ol><li>保持使用条件2I 13无饲养层，无血清培养下鼠标ESC线。通过胰蛋白酶消化去除附着的多能干细胞培养开始内胚层诱导。 </li><li>重悬SFDM和种子细胞以20,000密度细胞三天低附着板/ ml，未介质改为允许EB形成。 </li><li>三天后轻轻用10毫升吸管的胚转移到50ml锥形管，让他们在底部收集在室温下3分钟。 </li><li>小心吸媒体和补充新鲜SFDM媒体辅以50毫微克/毫升激活素A. </li><li>种子细胞返回到在1，低附着板:2密度和文化三天，才能达到最终的内胚层分化。 </li></ol></li><li>定型内胚层的富集<ol><li>收集日6 EBS，用胰蛋白酶分解，并结合使用荧光抗体标记14对c-KIT和CXCR4的表达。 </li><li>使用这两种标志物的表达荧光激活细胞分选术（FACS）分类标记的细胞，以获得富集定形内胚层的人口15。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3. R​​ecellularization设置<ol><li>气 - 液界面文化设置<ol><li>转自SFDM每个支架脱细胞部分（步骤1.2.9）上使用无菌镊子疏水膜浮动（8微米孔径）。确保支架部分是对膜均匀地分布。 </li><li>由分别与1或0.5毫升SFDM，填充井制备6-或12孔板中。轻轻地放在膜进入井，允许浮在介质顶部的膜，形成空气 - 液体培养设置。 </li></ol></li><li> 3D支架的播种<ol><li>对于定型内胚层标志物（步骤2.2.2）以下FACS计数使用血球排序细胞，降速为400 XG在SFDM 5分钟，重悬。重悬的细胞以获得含有约100,000个细胞/ 10微升/支架的体积。 </li><li>要recellularize支架，吸管10微升的细胞，直接到步骤3.1.2各准备一节。 </li><li>在文化更换SFDM媒体每48小时。通过在稍微倾斜端着盘子吸出旧媒体为了避免破坏文化。慢慢的新鲜SFDM沿井的侧添加到文化，以防止浮膜下沉。 </li><li>保持长达21天的气 - 液培养，实现种子细胞分化到成熟的气道上皮细胞。 注意:Recellularized部分可以用于组织染色和免疫荧光（IF）显微镜在任何时间点的细胞培养16中进行处理。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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有没有竞争经济利益申报。

这里描述的协议产生只使用天然肺支架直接，没有其他补充了分化成熟的ESC源性上皮气道。这种文化建立的定义，无血清，价格低廉，重现性好。没有基础分化培养基中生长因子的补充是必要的。用于产生干细胞衍生的肺上皮细胞中以前发表的方法已使用2维的策略与生长因子补充，以促进谱系限制3,4,8,18,19。此处所描述的技术是在这些方法中有几个原因，包括有利:定义培养条件下，分化?...

多能细胞对肺谱系定向分化是依赖于微环境1,2-精确信号事件。由于此过程的动态本质，已经挑战模仿肺器官的准确事件体外 。最近的报道已经用于与二维培养物的可溶性生长因子补充分步进行谱系限制策略，实现肺分化3-8。在步分化方案，多能细胞，是否胚胎干细胞（ESC）或诱导的多能干细胞，首先分化为定形内胚层胚层。内胚层细胞随后推到前部内胚层的命运和其后肺祖细胞，所确定包含同源结构域转录因子NKX2-1的表达。这些肺祖细胞进一步分化近端（气）或远端（肺泡）肺上皮细胞的Wi日继续生长因子的补充。这种2维策略曾在产生肺上皮细胞取得了一些成功，但也有一些限制，包括不明效率，从其它内胚层谱系可能的污染，缺少一个3维（3D）结构，并且在某些情况下使用未定义培养物血清补充。上脱细胞肺支架多能或分化的细胞的培养日益用作测定，以评估在形成肺上皮结构3,5,6,8,9接种的细胞的再生潜能。这些报告接种文化与持续生长因子或血清补充支架的细胞。 龙开发涉及的划分，迁移，基因响应环境线索的表达和个体细胞的分化。细胞外基质（ECM）是糖蛋白的一个格子，除了提供结构支撑，引导Tissu酒店通过整合和调节这些过程10,11ê形态。通过使用肺ECM支架作为天然平台内胚层培养，以更好地模仿体内肺发育环境，我们已经产生干以限定三维培养细胞来源的呼吸道上皮细胞具有高效率和再现性设置。 由脱细胞以及小鼠ESC衍生的内胚层细胞产生的大鼠肺的ECM支架生成并随后接种到这些支架。 CXCR4和C-KIT蛋白的表达双重指示定型内胚层细胞的身份和阳性细胞都SOX2和NKX2-1的表达被确定为气道（近端肺）祖细胞。定形内胚层细胞在空气液体界面（ALI）长达三周生成官能呼吸道上皮细胞在体外进行培养。 该协议促进defini肺系分化略去内胚层早7天，用NKX2-1 + / + SOX2早期肺癌近祖的出现观察。第14天，文化成熟的气道上皮细胞群的21冒出包括纤毛（TUBB4A +），俱乐部（SCGB1A1 +），和基底（TRP63 +，KRT5 +）细胞的形态和功能相似本地鼠标气道。这个协议说明了3D-基质微环境的实现健壮分化到呼吸道上皮细胞的重要性。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="901">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Reagents</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:281px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Perfusion solution</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">H0777</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">10U/mL heparin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:291px;">Perfusion solution</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:168px;">14170112</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">dissolved in Hank&#39;s balanced salt solution (HBSS-)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Decellularization solution</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BioShop</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">CHA003</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">8mM CHAPS&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Decellularization solution</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">E9884</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">25mM EDTA&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Decellularization solution</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BioShop</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">SOD002</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">1M NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Decellularization solution</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">dissolved in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Benzonase nuclease</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Novagen</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">70664-3</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">90U/mL Benzonase nuclease&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Benzonase nuclease</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">diluted in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Antimicrobial solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:168px;">15140</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">200U/mL penicillin streptomycin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Antimicrobial solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:168px;">15290</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">25&#956;g/mL amphotericin B&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Antimicrobial solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">diluted in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Trypsinization&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">12605-028</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">TrypLE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">IMDM 2440-053, F12 11765-054</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">3:1 ratio of IMDM and Ham&#8217;s modified F12 medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">12587-010</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">B27 supplement (50x dilution)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">17502-048</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">N2 supplement (100x dilution)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">15260-037</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">0.05% (Fraction V) bovine serum albumin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">35050-061</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">200mM Glutamax&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">M6145</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">4&#956;M monothioglycerol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Serum free differentiation media (SFDM)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">A4403&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">0.05mg/mL ascobic acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Endoderm induction</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">R&#38;D</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">338-AC/CF</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Activin A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Antibodies</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:281px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">CDH1</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:168px;">610181</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Mouse, non-conjugated, 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">C-KIT</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:168px;">558163</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Rat, PE-Cy7, 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">CXCR4</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:168px;">558644</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Rat, APC, 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">KRT5</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">ab24647</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Rabbit, non-conjugated, 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">NKX2-1</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">ab76013</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Rabbit, non-conjugated, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Laminin</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">NB300-144</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Rabbit, non-conjugated, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">SCGB1A1</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">sc-9772&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Goat, non-conjugated, 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">SOX2</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">AF2018&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Goat, non-conjugated, 1:400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">TRP63</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">sc-8431</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Mouse, non-conjugated, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">TUBB4A</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BioGenex</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">MU178-UC</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Mouse, non-conjugated, 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Goat IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">A-11055</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Donkey, Alexa Fluor 488, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Mouse IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">A-21202</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Donkey, Alexa Fluor 488, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Mouse IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">A-31571</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Donkey, Alexa Fluor 647, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Rabbit IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">A-21206</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Donkey, Alexa Fluor 488, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Rabbit IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">A-31573</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Donkey, Alexa Fluor 647, 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:291px;">Other Materials</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:281px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Low adherent plates</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Z721050&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:281px;">Low cell binding plates,&#160; 6 wells&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Air-liquid interface membranes&#160;</td>
			<td>Whatman</td>
			<td align="right">110614</td>
			<td>Hydrophobic Nucleopore membrane, 8&#956;m pore size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vibratome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>VT1200S&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica Vibratome</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Tissue Adhesive</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td align="right">10033</td>
			<td>Pelco tissue adhesive</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of esc-derived mouse airway epithelial cells using decellularized lung scaffolds

肺谱系分化需要复杂的环境线索，包括生长因子信号传导，细胞 - 细胞相互作用和细胞 - 基质相互作用的集成。由于这种复杂性， 在体外肺发育的重演，促进干细胞肺上皮细胞的分化已经挑战。在这个协议中，脱细胞的肺支架被用来模仿肺的3维环境，并产生干细胞衍生的呼吸道上皮细胞。小鼠胚胎干细胞首先分化为使用具有激活素A.内胚层细胞的胚状体（EB）培养方法的内胚层谱系，然后接种于脱细胞的支架，并在长达21天的空气 - 液体界面中培养。这种技术促进无需额外生长因子的补充接种细胞功能的气道上皮细胞（纤毛细胞，俱乐部细胞和基底细胞）分化。这种文化建立的定义，塞鲁M-免费，价格低廉，重现性好。虽然有有限污染来自非肺胚层谱系中培养，该协议仅产生呼吸道上皮人群和不引起肺泡上皮细胞。与此协议产生的气道上皮细胞可用于在肺器官发生和疾病建模或气道相关的疾病，如囊性纤维化的药物发现平台来研究细胞 - 基质相互作用。

在本协议所述，定型内胚层分化稳健成熟的气道可以用脱细胞上的脚手架肺切片种子细胞的扩展培养来实现上皮细胞。建议将脱细胞支架的特征在于，以确保（1）的宿主细胞被完全除去，和（2）的细胞外基质蛋白在使用前支架分化保留。脱细胞可以通过组织染色用苏木精和曙红（H＆E）和4&#39;，6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）进行评估，如在图1A中所示。高倍率?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of ESC-derived Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells Using Decellularized Lung Scaffolds at JoVE.com

Generation of ESC-derived Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells Using Decellularized Lung Scaffolds

用脱细胞支架龙ESC衍生鼠气道上皮细胞的生成

该协议有效地引导小鼠胚胎干细胞衍生定形内胚层成熟呼吸道上皮细胞。这种分化技术使用的3维脱细胞肺支架直接肺谱系说明书中，在一个确定的，无血清培养的设置。

Lung lineage differentiation requires integration of complex environmental cues that include growth factor signaling, cell-cell interactions and ...

generation-esc-derived-mouse-airway-epithelial-cells-using

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

8.6K 次观看.  Hospital for Sick Children. 该协议有效地引导小鼠胚胎干细胞衍生定形内胚层成熟呼吸道上皮细胞。这种分化技术使用的3维脱细胞肺支架直接肺谱系说明书中，在一个确定的，无血清培养的设置。 

视频: Generation of ESC-derived Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells Using Decellularized Lung Scaffolds

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

For tissue engineering applications, the preparation of biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds is the most desirable but challenging task. &#160;Among the various fabrication methods, electrospinning is the most attractive one due to its simplicity and versatility. Additionally, electrospun nanofibers mimic the size of natural extracellular matrix ensuring additional support for cell survival and growth. This study showed the viability of the fabrication of long fibers spanning a larger deposit area for a novel biodegradable and biocompatible polymer named&#160;poly(glycerol-dodecanoate) (PGD)1 by using a newly designed collector for electrospinning. PGD exhibits unique elastic properties with similar mechanical properties to nerve tissues, thus it is suitable for neural tissue engineering applications. The synthesis and fabrication set-up for making fibrous scaffolding materials was simple, highly reproducible, and inexpensive. In biocompatibility testing, cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells could adhere to and grow on the electrospun PGD fibers. In summary, this protocol provided a versatile fabrication method for making PGD electrospun fibers to support the growth of mouse embryonic stem cell derived neural lineage cells.

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Polyglycerol-dodecanedioate for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Synthesis and fabrication of electrospun long fibers spanning a larger deposit area via a newly designed collector from a novel biodegradable polymer named poly(glycerol-dodecanoate) (PGD) was reported. The fibers were able to support the growth of cells derived from mouse pluripotent stem cells.

保利的静电纤维支架（甘油 - 十二双）工程神经组织从小鼠胚胎干细胞

For tissue engineering applications, the preparation of biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds is the most desirable but challenging task. &#160;Among ...

科研

生物工程

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Human articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and has limited self-repair and regeneration potential. Cell-based strategies to engineer cartilage tissue offer a promising solution to repair articular cartilage. To select the optimal cell source for tissue repair, it is important to develop an appropriate culture platform to systematically examine the biological and biomechanical differences in the tissue-engineered cartilage by different cell sources. Here we applied a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic hydrogel culture platform to systematically examine cartilage regeneration potential of juvenile, adult, and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. The 3D biomimetic hydrogel consisted of synthetic component poly(ethylene glycol) and bioactive component chondroitin sulfate, which provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. In addition, the scaffold may be potentially used for cell delivery for cartilage repair in vivo. Cartilage tissue engineered in the scaffold can be evaluated using quantitative gene expression, immunofluorescence staining, biochemical assays, and mechanical testing. Utilizing these outcomes, we were able to characterize the differential regenerative potential of chondrocytes of varying age, both at the gene expression level and in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the engineered cartilage tissue. The 3D culture model could be applied to investigate the molecular and functional differences among chondrocytes and progenitor cells from different stages of normal or aberrant development.

Cartilage repair represents an unmet medical challenge and cell-based approaches to engineer human articular cartilage are a promising solution. Here, we describe three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic hydrogels as an ideal tool for the expansion and maturation of human articular chondrocytes.

3D水凝胶支架的关节软骨细胞培养及软骨生成

Human articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and has limited self-repair and regeneration potential. Cell-based strategies to engineer ...

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

This protocol details the generation of acellular, yet biofunctional, renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that are useful as small-scale model substrates for organ-scale tissue development. Sprague Dawley rat kidneys are cannulated by inserting a catheter into the renal artery and perfused with a series of low-concentration detergents (Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) over 26 hr to derive intact, whole-kidney scaffolds with intact perfusable vasculature, glomeruli, and renal tubules. Following decellularization, the renal scaffold is placed inside a custom-designed perfusion bioreactor vessel, and the catheterized renal artery is connected to a perfusion circuit consisting of: a peristaltic pump; tubing; and optional probes for pH, dissolved oxygen, and pressure. After sterilizing the scaffold with peracetic acid and ethanol, and balancing the pH (7.4), the kidney scaffold is prepared for seeding via perfusion of culture medium within a large-capacity incubator maintained at 37 &#176;C and 5% CO2. Forty million renal cortical tubular epithelial (RCTE) cells are injected through the renal artery, and rapidly perfused through the scaffold under high flow (25 ml/min) and pressure (~230 mmHg) for 15 min before reducing the flow to a physiological rate (4 ml/min). RCTE cells primarily populate the tubular ECM niche within the renal cortex, proliferate, and form tubular epithelial structures over seven days of perfusion culture. A 44 &#181;M resazurin solution in culture medium is perfused through the kidney for 1 hr during medium exchanges to provide a fluorometric, redox-based metabolic assessment of cell viability and proliferation during tubulogenesis. The kidney perfusion bioreactor permits non-invasive sampling of medium for biochemical assessment, and multiple inlet ports allow alternative retrograde seeding through the renal vein or ureter. These protocols can be used to recellularize kidney scaffolds with a variety of cell types, including vascular endothelial, tubular epithelial, and stromal fibroblasts, for rapid evaluation within this system.

This protocol describes decellularization of Sprague Dawley rat kidneys by antegrade perfusion of detergents through the vasculature, producing acellular renal extracellular matrices that serve as templates for repopulation with human renal epithelial cells. Recellularization and use of the resazurin perfusion assay to monitor growth is performed within specially-designed perfusion bioreactors.

上皮细胞复育和肾组织的发展准备啮齿动物细胞外基质的支架

This protocol details the generation of acellular, yet biofunctional, renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that are useful as small-scale model ...

Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an environment that closely mimics the structural features of non-polarized tissue. Furthermore, the particular intrinsic nanofiber structure of the scaffold makes it transparent to visual light, which allows for easy visualization of the sample under microscopy. This advantage was largely used to study cell migration, organization, proliferation, and differentiation and thus any development of their particular cellular function by staining with specific dyes or probes. Furthermore, in this work, we describe the good performance of this system to easily study the redifferentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes into cartilaginous tissue. Cells were encapsulated into self-assembling peptide scaffolds and cultured under specific conditions to promote chondrogenesis. Three-dimensional cultures showed good viability during the 4 weeks of the experiment. As expected, samples cultured with chondrogenic inducers (compared to non-induced controls) stained strongly positive for toluidine blue (which stains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are highly present in cartilage extracellular matrix) and expressed specific molecular markers, including collagen type I, II and X, according to Western Blot analysis. This protocol is easy to perform and can be used at research laboratories, industries and for educational purposes in laboratory courses.

Here, we present a protocol to obtain 3D-culture systems in self-assembling peptide scaffolds to promote the differentiation of dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes into cartilage-like tissue.

三维肽支架中哺乳动物细胞的培养

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an ...

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Osteochondral defects lack sufficient intrinsic repair capacity to regenerate functionally sound bone and cartilage tissue. To this extent, cartilage research has focused on the development of regenerative scaffolds. This article describes the development of scaffolds that are completely derived from natural cartilage extracellular matrix, coming from an equine donor. Potential applications of the scaffolds include producing allografts for cartilage repair, serving as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering, and providing in vitro models to study tissue formation. By decellularizing the tissue, the donor cells are removed, but many of the natural bioactive cues are thought to be retained. The main advantage of using such a natural scaffold in comparison to a synthetically produced scaffold is that no further functionalization of polymers is required to drive osteochondral tissue regeneration. The cartilage-derived matrix scaffolds can be used for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration in both in vivo and in vitro settings.

Decellularized cartilage-derived scaffolds can be used as a scaffold to guide cartilage repair and as a means to regenerate osteochondral tissue. This paper describes the decellularization process in detail and provides suggestions to use these scaffolds in in vitro settings.

脱碳软骨衍生基质支架的制备

Osteochondral defects lack sufficient intrinsic repair capacity to regenerate functionally sound bone and cartilage tissue. To this extent, cartilage ...

Generation and Quantitative Characterization of Functional and Polarized Biliary Epithelial Cysts

Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells that line up the bile ducts in the liver, oversee bile formation and modification. In the last twenty years, in the context of liver diseases, 3-dimensional (3D) models based on cholangiocytes have emerged such as cysts, spheroids, or tube-like structures to mimic tissue topology for organogenesis, disease modeling, and drug screening studies. These structures have been mainly obtained by embedding cholangiocytes in a hydrogel. The main purpose was to study self-organization by addressing epithelial polarity, functional, and morphological properties. However, very few studies focus on cyst formation efficiency. When this is the case, the efficiency is often quantified from images of a single plane. Functional assays and structural analysis are performed without representing the potential heterogeneity of cyst distribution arising from hydrogel polymerization heterogeneities and side effects. Therefore, the quantitative analysis, when done, cannot be used for comparison from one article to another. Moreover, this methodology does not allow comparisons of 3D growth potential of different matrices and cell types. Additionally, there is no mention of the experimental troubleshooting for immunostaining cysts. In this article, we provide a reliable and universal method to show that the initial cell distribution is related to the heterogeneous vertical distribution of cyst formation. Cholangiocyte cells embedded in hydrogel are followed with Z-stacks analysis along the hydrogel depth over the time course of 10 days. With this method, a robust kinetics of cyst formation efficiency and growth is obtained. We also present methods to evaluate cyst polarity and secretory function. Finally, additional tips for optimizing immunostaining protocols are provided in order to limit cyst collapse for imaging. This approach can be applied to other 3D cell culture studies, thus opening the possibilities to compare one system to another.

Three-dimensional (3D) cellular systems are relevant models for investigating organogenesis. A hydrogel-based method for biliary cysts production and their characterization is proposed. This protocol unravels the barriers of 3D characterization, with a straightforward and reliable method to assess cyst formation efficiency, sizes, and to test their functionality.

功能性与极化胆囊肿的生成与定量特征

Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells that line up the bile ducts in the liver, oversee bile formation and modification. In the last twenty years, in the ...

Generation of a Simplified Three-Dimensional Skin-on-a-chip Model in a Micromachined Microfluidic Platform

This work presents a new, cost-effective, and reliable microfluidic platform with the potential to generate complex multilayered tissues. As a proof of concept, a simplified and undifferentiated human skin containing a dermal (stromal) and an epidermal (epithelial) compartment has been modelled. To accomplish this, a versatile and robust, vinyl-based device divided into two chambers has been developed, overcoming some of the drawbacks present in microfluidic devices based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for biomedical applications, such as the use of expensive and specialized equipment or the absorption of small, hydrophobic molecules and proteins. Moreover, a new method based on parallel flow was developed, enabling the in situ deposition of both the dermal and epidermal compartments. The skin construct consists of a fibrin matrix containing human primary fibroblasts and a monolayer of immortalized keratinocytes seeded on top, which is subsequently maintained under dynamic culture conditions. This new microfluidic platform opens the possibility to model human skin diseases and extrapolate the method to generate other complex tissues.

Here, we present a protocol to generate a three-dimensional simplified and undifferentiated skin model using a micromachined microfluidic platform. A parallel flow approach allows the in situ deposition of a dermal compartment for the seeding of epithelial cells on top, all controlled by syringe pumps.

在微加工微流体平台中生成简化的三维芯片皮肤模型

This work presents a new, cost-effective, and reliable microfluidic platform with the potential to generate complex multilayered tissues. As a proof of ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Human Gingival Epithelial Cells using Y-27632

The gingival tissue is the first structure that protects periodontal tissues and plays meaningful roles in many oral functions. The gingival epithelium is an important structure of gingival tissue, especially in the repair and regeneration of periodontal tissue. Studying the functions of gingival epithelial cells has crucial scientific value, such as repairing oral defects and detecting the compatibility of biomaterials. As human gingival epithelial cells are highly differentiated keratinized cells, their lifespan is short, and they are difficult to passage. So far, there are only two ways to isolate and culture gingival epithelial cells, a direct explant method and an enzymatic method. However, the time required to obtain epithelial cells using the direct explant method is longer, and the cell survival rate of the enzymatic method is lower. Clinically, the acquisition of gingival tissue is limited, so a stable, efficient, and simple in vitro isolation and culture system is needed. We improved the traditional enzymatic method by adding Y-27632, a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, which can selectively promote the growth of epithelial cells. Our modified enzymatic method simplifies the steps of the traditional enzymatic method and increases the efficiency of culturing epithelial cells, which has significant advantages over the direct explant method and the enzymatic method.

Here we present a modified method for the isolation and culture of human gingival epithelial cells by adding the Rock inhibitor, Y-27632, to the traditional method. This method is easier, less time-consuming, enhances stem cell properties, and produces larger numbers of high-potential epithelial cells both for the laboratory and for clinical applications.

使用Y-27632的原发性人类金吉瓦尔表皮细胞的隔离与培养

The gingival tissue is the first structure that protects periodontal tissues and plays meaningful roles in many oral functions. The gingival epithelium is ...

Engineered Lung Tissues Prepared from Decellularized Lung Slices

There is a need for improved 3-dimensional (3D) lung models that recapitulate the architectural and cellular complexity of the native lung alveolus ex vivo. Recently developed organoid models have facilitated the expansion and study of lung epithelial progenitors in vitro, but these platforms typically rely on mouse tumor-derived matrix and/or serum, and incorporate just one or two cellular lineages. Here, we describe a protocol for generating engineered lung tissues (ELTs) based on the multi-lineage recellularization of decellularized precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). ELTs contain alveolar-like structures comprising alveolar epithelium, mesenchyme, and endothelium, within an extracellular matrix (ECM) substrate closely resembling that of native lung. To generate the tissues, rat lungs are inflated with agarose, sliced into 450 &#181;m-thick slices, cut into strips, and decellularized. The resulting acellular ECM scaffolds are then reseeded with primary endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s). AEC2s can be maintained in ELT culture for at least 7 days with a serum-free, chemically-defined growth medium. Throughout the tissue preparation and culture process, the slices are clipped into a cassette system that facilitates handling and standardized cell seeding of multiple ELTs in parallel. These ELTs represent an organotypic culture platform that should facilitate investigations of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions within the alveolus as well as biochemical signals regulating AEC2s and their niche.

This protocol describes a method to generate reproducible, small-scale engineered lung tissues, by repopulating decellularized precision-cut lung slices with alveolar epithelial type 2 cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.

由去细胞化肺切片制备的工程肺组织

There is a need for improved 3-dimensional (3D) lung models that recapitulate the architectural and cellular complexity of the native lung alveolus ex ...

Synthesis of Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels

Decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DC-ECM) hydrogels are promising biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility and ability to mimic natural tissue properties. This protocol aims to produce DC-ECM hydrogels that closely mimic the native ECM of cartilage tissue. The protocol involves a combination of physical and chemical disruption and enzymatic digestion to remove the cellular material while preserving the structure and composition of the ECM. The DC-ECM is cross-linked using a chemical agent to form a stable and biologically active hydrogel. The DC-ECM hydrogel has excellent biological activity, spatial structure, and biological induction function, as well as low immunogenicity. These characteristics are beneficial in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and migration and for creating a superior microenvironment for cell growth. This protocol provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in the field of tissue engineering. Biomimetic hydrogels can potentially enhance the development of effective tissue engineering strategies for cartilage repair and regeneration.

This paper introduces a new method for the synthesis of decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DC-ECM) hydrogels. DC-ECM hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility and provide a superior microenvironment for cell growth. Therefore, they can be ideal cell scaffolds and biological delivery systems.

脱细胞软骨细胞外基质水凝胶的合成

Decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DC-ECM) hydrogels are promising biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their ...