说明该项目是由国家研究资源中心，格兰特UL1 RR024975-01支持，并正处于国家中心推进转化科学，格兰特2 UL1 TR000445-06。内容完全是作者的责任，并不一定代表美国国立卫生研究院的官方意见。

1。光响应触摸的评估<ol><li>将电极网（ 如 128通道测传感器网络）的儿童或婴儿的头部。调整传感器用温盐水充分接触。如果一个孩子，确保孩子坐在舒服的父母或照顾者的腿上。如果一个婴儿，确保婴儿轻轻包扎，要么保姆的怀里或在一个开放的婴儿床仰卧位置上。 </li><li>定位0.5厘米食指测试手的前端下方1mm的喷嘴。将手指一个年轻的孩子或手掌的婴儿在模具支架和魔术贴胶带近端和远端关节固定，以确保一致的距离，从喷嘴到手指或手。这是绝对必要的，孩子保持整个测试环节正确的手指位置。通过定期评估的手指和手的位置，并有孩子的照顾者，如果年轻确保这一点。如果测试一个婴儿，停止协议如果婴儿的哭声和重新启动之前提供的舒适性。如果测试年幼的孩子，请照顾者提供舒适和安心在整个短的测试周期。 </li><li>通过稳压器的启动空气压缩机在40 psi的供应阀输入的触觉刺激。 </li><li>执行经济刺激计划交付。 <ol><li>对于被测试的一方面，本60粉扑刺激随机地散布有60假试验（吹气通过一个单独的喷嘴输送指出远离手指）。 </li><li>不要出现在一行粉扑或假的两个以上的重复。改变审间的时间间隔之间随机2,000-2,500毫秒。这样做的目的是为了减少习惯化，其中的刺激不再感知。的总时间的120试验序列应该是4.5-5分钟。 </li><li>再次运行相同的协议另一方面，如果研究不对称体感障碍。 </li></ol></li><li>对于协议不要求注意刺激没有进一步的设置是必要的。 Ŧ他适用于婴幼儿的测试。为了提高关注幼儿（这导致更大的记录特定的ERP峰），提供一个任务。 <ol><li>任务示例5岁的孩子:描述空气泡芙为"泡沫"在"鱼缸"（装饰框隐藏河豚设备）吹的"鱼"。要求孩子猜测每个"泡泡"是否已交付蓝色或红色的"鱼"。告诉他们不需要给孩子，不应该说什么，而他们执行这项任务（见设置与图1模拟水族馆）。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2。应对多重感官议定书评估（听觉，触觉同时与总结个人回复） <ol><li>如上所述，通过步骤1.1-1.3中运行。刺激在表1中说明。 </li><li>运行该刺激计划交付（ 如 E-首相软件）。对于被测试的手，听觉，触觉<html>范可呈现以下4个随机的刺激，与60试验/刺激:粉扑，puff-/ga /，/ GA / - 假，假的。再次，限制习惯的可能性，不存在于任何条件一排粉扑或假的两个以上的重复，并改变了审间的时间间隔之间随机2,000-2,500毫秒。 240试验的每个序列应该采取9-10分钟之间。 </li><li>运行相同的协议通过对另一只手。 </li><li>提供了一个无声的年龄相适应的卡通在协议的开始，并继续它在整个程序，以防止增加电机的文物从躁动，以及从大的患者产生δ波减少的背景时，他们感到厌烦。例如，在5岁的孩子，我们使用一个循环的购买的视频20分钟，起到静音状态，并且重新启动每个主题进行了测试之前。没有注意刺激是必要的，因此，循环动画片提供了一个可视化的背景从刺激断开。 </li></ol>e_title"&gt; 3。软件和设备设置<ol><li>编程软件，成立了由刺激控制应用程序发送两个串行命令。一个标识粉扑，其他假。有刺激控制应用程序发送命令到微控制器。 </li><li>有微控制器产生一个TTL脉冲（ 例如 20毫秒的持续时间）相应的数字量输出通道。此输出必须分成两行，一个用于数字输入到脑电图记录系统和一个到螺线管 - 门控气阀。标志着两个阀门的脑电数据流中开幕。 </li><li>测量脉搏，以粉扑延时用示波器既真实和假条件和一个麦克风。这些应该是均匀的，并且在10-15毫秒的顺序。调整的等待时间后录音。 </li><li>计算力在喷嘴施加在PSI使用一个压力计和通过测量喷嘴的直径。用公式F（N）=压力*区。例如，施加的力FROM在6 psi的半径1 mm的喷嘴产生F（N）=0.03磅。 </li><li>要修改的多感官协议控制应用程序，发送两个串口命令识别真正的粉扑或假的微控制器以及一个录制语音或沉默。注意:在我们的范例，我们使用所产生的计算机，重音中性/ GA /声音，其中包括如/ DA /，/ DU /，/蒲式耳/ 等 。 </li><li>通过扬声器本听觉刺激放置在中线，在受试者的前2英尺。 </li><li>对齐的声音发病定时到与同时抽吸的发病或与步骤3.3测量，这取决于哪个条件理想的是测试仪的延迟。 </li></ol> 4。数据采集​​和准备<ol><li>选择过滤器和引用设置采样基于标准的ERP数据的方法。在这里，使用一个1000赫兹设置为0.1-400赫兹滤波器。在数据采集，参考各电极锆石和离线rereferenced它们的平均值年龄参考。 </li><li>细分数据，筛选记录的数据与所需的过滤器和分段。在这项研究中使用0.3-40赫兹带通滤波器和板块持续脑电图基础上，刺激发病，包括一个200毫秒prestimulus基线和一个500毫秒后刺激间隔。 </li><li>执行数据的质量控制。屏幕各分部电机和眼部文物，如高频肌肉活动，使用包含在ERP软件的计算机算法。由人工审核按照这个画面。 </li><li>自动化的筛选标准设置如下在这个协议，但可以修改:眼部通道，电压&gt; 140μV=​​眨眼和电压&gt; 55μV=眼球运动。 </li><li>从用眼伪影校正工具被污染的试验正确的数据。注:带电压&gt; 200μV被认为是质量差的任何通道。如果&gt; 15个频道的质量很差，我们选择放弃的原因重现整个试验。 </li><li>一般的ERP。他们Rereference的平均引用，然后根据选择的步骤4.2标准进行基线校正。提取平均振幅和峰潜伏期为各种山峰，从预定义的人口总平均波形推断。注:在本例中，我们基于对年龄较大的儿童的反应，正中神经刺激10-14确立文学以下。我们使用P50（30-80毫秒），N70（50-100毫秒），P100（80-150毫秒），N140（130-230毫秒）和P2（250-350毫秒）峰。 </li><li>包括电极重叠的预设位置（ 图2）的数据。导出数据为每个集群内的各个电极和平均值。 </li></ol>

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作者宣称，他们有没有竞争的财务权益。

这种新颖的空气粉扑和ERP（简称"河豚系统"）来衡量的轻触觉和触觉，听觉反应的皮质处理的组合深受年轻残疾儿童和婴儿耐受。这对于unisensory和多感官的版本是正确的，而注意力组件是否加入或不幼童的情况下。的原因，这种方法在评估一个年轻而脆弱的人口的成功是由于两者使用无害的触觉刺激，以及在运用ERP的方法和设备。触觉示例，可以在总共5分钟来进行，而多感官范式需要10分钟。这?...

开发皮质感觉过程的研究对于了解最基础的高阶函数。感官体验是负责大部分通过婴儿期和儿童期大脑的组织，奠定了复杂的过程，如认知，沟通，和运动发育1-3的基础。大多数小儿感觉过程的研究集中在听觉和视觉领域，主要是因为这些刺激最容易发展，规范和测试。然而，触觉处理是在婴儿和儿童特别感兴趣，因为它是第一个意义上的胎儿4,5，发展，和体感信息是不可或缺的其它皮质系统功能（ 如电机，记忆，联想学习，边缘） 6。目前的方法评估体感处理是由触觉刺激的选择有限。一个常见的选择是直接电正中神经刺激7,8 </sup&gt;，对不适的可能性。其他有效的方法使用的活动任务，如识别，确认和刺激的本地化，同时需要关注和高水平的理解9。因此，所有这些方法都局限在自己的幼童及婴儿使用。 因此，我们的目标是开发触觉的范例，由是无创，减少了对主体积极参与解决这些限制。此外，它需要有刺激的标准化水平和假的控制。为此，我们制定了"河豚"系统，双通道，定时和校准的空气粉扑输送系统，使我们能够衡量的光触摸婴幼儿和其他弱势群体的影响。 功能性磁共振成像研究表明，刺激通过空气抽吸激活感觉皮层，虽然这样的研究，如固定化，楞的长度和挑战你的会话，并引起焦虑的设置，使它们难以在幼儿执行。因此，我们以提供光触摸感觉处理的时间分辨率在一份简短的，适合儿童的测试环节结合我们的新型给药系统的事件相关电位（ERP）的方法。 这一新的模式提供了必要的灵活性来研究感觉处理在不同人群，不同年龄和临床设置。它也有被用听觉刺激兼容的优势，允许多感官评估。到现在为止，准确，可靠的触觉评估一直未能在婴儿或儿童谁是无法可靠地因智力/语言障碍作出反应。这种方法旨在填补这一空白，以便在一段极大大脑的可塑性在早期识别感觉处理赤字和干预提供帮助。改善感觉处理在婴儿期可能会影响级联神经发育的 下面的程序都包含在范德比尔特机构审查委员会批准的协议。

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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:249px;">Geodesic sensor net</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">EGI, Inc., Eugene, OR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">depends on size</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Net Station EEG software v. 4.2</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">EGI, Inc., Eugene, OR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">E-Prime stimulus control application</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">PST, Inc. Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:249px;">Manometer (model 6&#8221; 0-60PSI)</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">H. O. Trerice Co, Oak Park, MI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:249px;">Custom Puffer setup</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Nathalie Maitre</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantitative assessment of cortical auditory-tactile processing in children with disabilities

感觉处理的目的简单的测量是在非语言或脆弱的儿童患者极为困难。我们开发了一种新的方法来定量评估的轻轻一碰，讲话声音和2刺激的多感官处理孩子的皮层处理，而不需要积极的主体参与或导致儿童不适。要做到这一点，我们开发了一个双通道，时间和强度校准吹气刺激，使双方的触觉刺激和假手术对照组。我们结合这与使用事件相关电位的方法来允许信号从初级和次级躯体感觉皮质高时间分辨率以及更高的订单处理。这种方法还使我们能够测量到听觉，触觉刺激一个多感官的反应。

轻触摸（图3）评估: 到触觉刺激使用鲀系统皮层响应的特征:峰的图案响应于粉扑非常类似于使用正中神经刺激正常成人10,11得到的皮质反应。 早期反应（P50，N70，P100峰），主要反映在初级感觉皮层12的活动，并且不需要刺激的认识。 二级响应（N140峰值）主要反映在次级感觉皮层和体感刺激的认知活动作为?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities at JoVE.com

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

感觉处理的目的简单的测量是在非语言或脆弱的儿童患者极为困难。我们开发了一种新的方法来定量评估婴幼儿和轻触摸孩子的皮质处理，语音声音，和2刺激的多感官处理，而不需要积极的主体参与或引起不适在脆弱的病人。

皮质听觉，触觉加工的残疾儿童定量评价

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology ...

quantitative-assessment-cortical-auditory-tactile-processing-children

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

10.7K 次观看.  Vanderbilt University. 感觉处理的目的简单的测量是在非语言或脆弱的儿童患者极为困难。我们开发了一种新的方法来定量评估婴幼儿和轻触摸孩子的皮质处理，语音声音，和2刺激的多感官处理，而不需要积极的主体参与或引起不适在脆弱的病人。 

视频: Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

There has been a long-standing interest in the assessment of the neurobehavioral integrity of the newborn infant. The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was developed as an assessment for the at-risk infant. These are infants who are at increased risk for poor developmental outcome because of insults during prenatal development, such as substance exposure or prematurity or factors such as poverty, poor nutrition or lack of prenatal care that can have adverse effects on the intrauterine environment and affect the developing fetus. The NNNS assesses the full range of infant neurobehavioral performance including neurological integrity, behavioral functioning, and signs of stress/abstinence. The NNNS is a noninvasive neonatal assessment tool with demonstrated validity as a predictor, not only of medical outcomes such as cerebral palsy diagnosis, neurological abnormalities, and diseases with risks to the brain, but also of developmental outcomes such as mental and motor functioning, behavior problems, school readiness, and IQ. The NNNS can identify infants at high risk for abnormal developmental outcome and is an important clinical tool that enables medical researchers and health practitioners to identify these infants and develop intervention programs to optimize the development of these infants as early as possible. The video shows the NNNS procedures, shows examples of normal and abnormal performance and the various clinical populations in which the exam can be used.

The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was developed as an assessment for the at-risk infant. The purpose of this article is to describe the NNNS, provide video examples of the NNNS procedures and discuss the ways in which the exam has been used.

评估和高危新生儿的评价:新生儿重症监护病房的网络神经行为量表

There has been a long-standing interest in the assessment of the neurobehavioral integrity of the newborn infant.  The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale ...

科研

行为学

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia who are at familial high risk (FHR) may show similar cognitive and emotional changes. However, the neurological changes underlying the emergence of these symptoms remain unclear. This study sought to identify differences in frontal, striatal, and limbic regions in children and adolescents with FHR using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Groups of 21 children and adolescents at FHR and 21 healthy controls completed an emotional oddball task that relied on selective attention and the suppression of task-irrelevant emotional information. The standard oddball task was modified to include aversive and neutral distractors in order to examine potential group differences in both emotional and executive processing. This task was designed specifically to allow for children and adolescents to complete by keeping the difficulty and emotional image content age-appropriate. Furthermore, we demonstrate a technique for suitable fMRI registration for children and adolescent participants. This paradigm may also be applied in future studies to measure changes in neural activity in other populations with hypothesized developmental changes in executive and emotional processing.

This paper describes how to use the emotional oddball task and fMRI to measure brain activation in children and adolescents at familial high risk for schizophrenia (FHR).&#160;FMRI was used to measure differences in fronto-striato-limbic regions during an emotional oddball task. Children with FHR exhibited abnormal functional activation during adolescence.

的额边缘活度测量在儿童使用情绪穿着或行为古怪的任务与家族性高风险的精神分裂症

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with ...

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and signal processing make it possible to exploit information from other imaging modalities like structural MRI that provide high spatial resolution to overcome this constraint1. This is especially useful for investigations that require high resolution in the temporal as well as spatial domain. In addition, due to the easy application and low cost of EEG recordings, EEG is often the method of choice when working with populations, such as young children, that do not tolerate functional MRI scans well. However, in order to investigate which neural substrates are involved, anatomical information from structural MRI is still needed. Most EEG analysis packages work with standard head models that are based on adult anatomy. The accuracy of these models when used for children is limited2, because the composition and spatial configuration of head tissues changes dramatically over development3.&#160;
In the present paper, we provide an overview of our recent work in utilizing head models based on individual structural MRI scans or age specific head models to reconstruct the cortical generators of high density EEG. This article describes how&#160;EEG recordings are acquired, processed, and analyzed with pediatric populations at the London Baby Lab, including laboratory setup, task design, EEG preprocessing, MRI processing, and EEG channel level and source analysis.&#160;

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in estimating the cortical sources of scalp measured electrical activity for cognitive neuroscience experiments. This article describes how high density EEG is acquired and how recordings are processed for cortical source estimation in children from the age of 2 years at the London Baby Lab.

高密度的脑电图记录在儿童的皮质来源分析

EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and ...

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

使用自动图像处理方法鼠标社交性的实验评估

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are now recognized as a core symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our ability to perceive and interact with the external world is rooted in sensory processing. For example, listening to a conversation entails processing the auditory cues coming from the speaker (speech content, prosody, syntax) as well as the associated visual information (facial expressions, gestures). Collectively, the &#8220;integration&#8221; of these multisensory (i.e., combined audiovisual) pieces of information results in better comprehension. Such multisensory integration has been shown to be strongly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the paired stimuli. Thus, stimuli that occur in close temporal proximity are highly likely to result in behavioral and perceptual benefits &#8211; gains believed to be reflective of the perceptual system&#39;s judgment of the likelihood that these two stimuli came from the same source. Changes in this temporal integration are expected to strongly alter perceptual processes, and are likely to diminish the ability to accurately perceive and interact with our world. Here, a battery of tasks designed to characterize various aspects of sensory and multisensory temporal processing in children with ASD is described. In addition to its utility in autism, this battery has great potential for characterizing changes in sensory function in other clinical populations, as well as being used to examine changes in these processes across the lifespan.

We describe how to implement a battery of behavioral tasks to examine the processing and integration of sensory stimuli in children with ASD. The goal is to characterize individual differences in temporal processing of simple auditory and visual stimuli and relate these to higher order perceptual skills like speech perception.

测试儿童的感官和多感官功能自闭症谱系障碍

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are ...

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational methods, it is difficult to make a quantitative assessment of a child's visual problems. This limits accurate diagnostics in children under the age of 4 years and in children with intellectual disabilities. Here we describe a quantitative method that overcomes these problems. The method uses a remote eye tracker and a four choice preferential looking paradigm to measure eye movement responses to different visual stimuli. The child sits without head support in front of a monitor with integrated infrared cameras. In one of four monitor quadrants a visual stimulus is presented. Each stimulus has a specific visual modality with respect to the background, e.g., form, motion, contrast or color. From the reflexive eye movement responses to these specific visual modalities, output parameters such as reaction times, fixation accuracy and fixation duration are calculated to quantify a child's viewing behavior. With this approach, the quality of visual information processing can be assessed without the use of communication. By comparing results with reference values obtained in typically developing children from 0-12 years, the method provides a characterization of visual information processing in visually impaired children. The quantitative information provided by this method can be advantageous for the field of clinical visual assessment and rehabilitation in multiple ways. The parameter values provide a good basis to: (i) characterize early visual capacities and consequently to enable early interventions; (ii) compare risk groups and follow visual development over time; and (iii), construct an individual visual profile for each child.

A method is described to quantify the quality of visual information processing based on reflexive eye movements in response to specific visual modalities. Reaction times and fixation output parameters are used to characterize visual performance in children with and without visual impairments from 6 months of age.

一种方法来量化视觉信息加工儿童使用眼动追踪

Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational ...

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human auditory development for these age groups. This paper describes an observer-based procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity with a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Young children are trained to perform a play-based, motor response (e.g., putting a block in a bucket) whenever they hear a target signal. An experimenter observes the child&#39;s behavior and makes a judgment about whether the signal was presented during the first or second observation interval; the experimenter is blinded to the true signal interval, so this judgment is based solely on the child&#39;s behavior. These procedures were used to test 2 to 4 year-olds (n = 33) with no known hearing problems. The signal was a 1,000 Hz warble tone presented in quiet, and the signal level was adjusted to estimate a threshold corresponding to 71%-correct detection. A valid threshold was obtained for 82% of children. These results indicate that the two-interval procedure is both feasible and reliable for use with toddlers and preschoolers. The two-interval, observer-based procedure described in this paper is a powerful tool for evaluating hearing in young children because it guards against response bias on the part of the experimenter.

This paper describes a procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity in 2 to 4 year-old children. Children are trained to perform play-based responses when they hear a target signal. Thresholds are then estimated in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, based on observations of the child&#39;s behaviors.

2听证会，以4岁儿童的行为评估:两区间，观测为基础的应用程序基于条件性播放响应

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human ...

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children &#8211; Working Memory (CABC-WM)

The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children - Working Memory (CABC-WM) is a computer-based battery designed to assess different components of working memory in young school-age children. Working memory deficits have been identified in children with language-based learning disabilities, including dyslexia1,2 and language impairment3,4, but it is not clear whether these children exhibit deficits in subcomponents of working memory, such as visuospatial or phonological working memory. The CABC-WM is administered on a desktop computer with a touchscreen interface and was specifically developed to be engaging and motivating for children. Although the long-term goal of the CABC-WM is to provide individualized working memory profiles in children, the present study focuses on the initial success and utility of the CABC-WM for measuring central executive, visuospatial, phonological loop, and binding constructs in children with typical development. Immediate next steps are to administer the CABC-WM to children with specific language impairment, dyslexia, and comorbid specific language impairment and dyslexia.

Working memory predicts a significant amount of variance for a variety of cognitive tasks, including speaking, reading, and writing. However, few tools are available to assess working memory in children. We present an innovative, computer-based battery that comprehensively assesses different components of working memory in school-age children.

评估儿童工作记忆:儿童综合评估电池 - 工作记忆（CABC-WM）

The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children - Working Memory (CABC-WM) is a computer-based battery designed to assess different components of ...

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

We present a protocol designed to measure the neural correlates of reward in children. The protocol allows researchers to measure both reward anticipation and processing. Its purpose is to create a reward task that is appropriate for young children with and without autism while controlling reward properties between two conditions: social and nonsocial. The current protocol allows for comparisons of brain activity between social and nonsocial reward conditions while keeping the reward itself identical between conditions. Using this protocol, we found evidence that neurotypical children demonstrate enhanced anticipatory brain activity during the social condition. Furthermore, we found that neurotypical children anticipate social reward more robustly than children with autism diagnoses. As the task uses snacks as a reward, it is most appropriate for young children. However, the protocol may be adapted for use with adolescent or adult populations if snacks are replaced by monetary incentives. The protocol is designed to measure electrophysiological events (event-related potentials), but it may be customized for use with eye-tracking or fMRI.

This protocol is designed to measure reward anticipation and processing in young children with and without autism. Specifically, the protocol is designed to study the neural correlates of reward during social and nonsocial conditions while controlling for reward between conditions.

儿童奖励预期与处理的电生理学协议

We present a protocol designed to measure the neural correlates of reward in children. The protocol allows researchers to measure both reward anticipation ...

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Sentence comprehension relies on the ability to rapidly integrate different types of linguistic and non-linguistic information. However, there is currently a paucity of research exploring how preschool children with autism understand sentences using different types of cues. The mechanisms underlying sentence comprehension remains largely unclear. The present study presents a protocol to examine the sentence comprehension abilities of preschool children with autism. More specifically, a visual world paradigm of eye-tracking is used to explore the moment-to-moment sentence comprehension in the children. The paradigm has multiple advantages. First, it is sensitive to the time course of sentence comprehension and thus can provide rich information about how sentence comprehension unfolds over time. Second, it requires minimal task and communication demands, so it is ideal for testing children with autism. To further minimize the computational burden of children, the present study measures eye movements that arise as automatic responses to linguistic input rather than measuring eye movements that accompany conscious responses to spoken instructions.

We present a protocol to examine the use of morphological cues during real-time sentence comprehension by children with autism.